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Adler emphasized social interest as a social adaptive lifestyle. The study used a nudge strategy to generate social interest in middle school students through a volunteer program. If student gets a good reward for volunteering, it can be a nudge naturally toward social interest. The dependent variables for the volunteer program as a nudge are inferiority complex, social interest, and game over‐immersion. Using convenience sampling, it was assigning 28 participants to two groups each. The experimental group participated in an intervention consisting of 9 sessions of 90 min each, once a week. Both groups were assessed before and after intervention and at a 4‐weeks follow‐up. Program effectiveness was analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance. The results showed that it was a significant difference in inferiority complex between the experimental and control groups immediately after intervention, and that it was a strong difference in social interest and game over‐emersion both immediately after the experiment and 4 weeks later. Therefore, it proposes that volunteer programs to increase social interest and transition to a pro‐social lifestyle be included as a nudge in school extracurricular activities or curriculum. Practitioner points: Well‐intentioned school volunteer program that includes a nudge strategy plays a role in encouraging adolescents to experience joy and rewards rather than coercion and obligation, and can be a gentle and natural comprehensive education tool that relieves feelings of inferiority.The steady increase in social interest immediately after the intervention and after follow‐up indicates the effectiveness of the nudge volunteer program, and the Ministry of Education should encourage the development of volunteer programs and train educational experts to improve social interest through various experiences.The fact that the nudge volunteer program is effective in reducing game over‐immersion means that volunteering experienced in adolescents can lead to changes in desirable lifestyles. Accordingly, the Ministry of Education and school officials must continue to provide support so that those in charge can run the program well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Facial attractiveness, vocal attractiveness, and social interest influence two-person decision making. However, it remains unclear how these three factors jointly influence three-person bargaining. We investigated the impact of facial attractiveness, vocal attractiveness, and social interest on fairness decisions in a three-person ultimatum game and a third-party punishment dictator game. The results of the ultimatum game showed that in the condition of positive social interest, the acceptance rate of unfair/fair offers was higher when third players had attractive faces or attractive voices. Attractive faces of third players also increased acceptance rates of unfair/unfair offers than unattractive faces when third players expressed negative social interest. In the third-party punishment game, participants rated unfair allocations from unattractive-voice proposers with attractive faces (compared to unattractive faces) and proposers who expressed negative social interest (compared to positive social interest) as more reasonable. Regarding the punishment intentions, among the three factors, both the effect of vocal attractiveness and social interest were modulated by the combinations of the other two factors, while the effect of facial attractiveness remains robust across all conditions. These findings suggest that fairness decisions in three-person bargaining games are affected by beauty premium and social interest, while these effects vary across different decision contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the mediating role of social interest in predicting the effect of authenticity on fear of growing up in emerging adulthood university students, which is proposed as a new developmental concept. Data were collected from 355 students (291 female, 64 male) studying at universities in Ankara. The study method was a relational survey, and the mediation model to be developed was tested. Personal information form, Authenticity Scale, Fear of Growth Scale, and Social Interest Scale were used to collect data. SPSS 28 program was used in data analysis, and Hayes macro was used in the mediation analysis of social interest in the effect of authenticity levels on fear of growth. The data of the study were collected online via Google Forms. According to the results, as authenticity increases, fear of growth decreases. There is a good and positive relationship between authenticity and social interest, and social interest hurts fear of growth. The mediation analysis of social interest in predicting the effect of authenticity on fear of growth was conducted, and partial mediation was found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study involving unobtrusive observations of salespeople's behaviors in sales settings surfaces a novel insight: a salesperson's selling effectiveness with a customer may be enhanced by the way the salesperson interacts with secondary entities, such as objects and people outside the core salesperson–customer dyad. Based on this insight and social interest theory, this research introduces the construct of secondary selling. It refers to a salesperson interacting with secondary entities in a manner that indicates to a focal customer that the salesperson values these entities. The pattern of results from four follow-on studies using multiple methods and data sources indicates that, in general, secondary selling reduces a focal customer's reactance to a salesperson's recommendations, which leads to higher sales revenue and customer satisfaction. Customers with high persuasion knowledge (compared with customers with lower persuasion knowledge) are more favorably influenced by secondary selling involving company property but less favorably influenced by secondary selling involving nonfocal customers. In addition to reducing a focal customer's reactance to sales recommendations, secondary selling also helps primary selling (targeted at a focal customer) reduce the customer's reactance to a greater extent. Overall, the results provide evidence of the pervasive and influential role of secondary selling in boosting sales revenue and customer satisfaction in sales exchanges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A cross-sectional research design was used to examine the relationship between personality, self-compassion and social interest levels of 351 psychological counsellor candidates. Data were collected with the Personality Test of Adjectives, the Self-Compassion Scale Short Form, and the Social Interest Index. Correlation and regression analyses were used to analyze data. A moderately negative relationship was found between self-compassion and neuroticism, while a moderately positive relationship was found between extraversion, openness to experience, and conscientiousness, and a low-level positive relationship was found between agreeableness. While a moderate negative relationship was observed between social interest and neuroticism, a moderate positive relationship was found between extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and responsibility. Personality explained 47.6% of the variance regarding self-compassion and 42.2% of the variance regarding social interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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University students in early adulthood indeed encounter diverse developmental demands, particularly in the realm of relationships and social development. This stage often involves considerations related to establishing families and entering into marriage or long-term partnerships. This study aims to assess the efficacy of a premarital counseling program grounded in the Adlerian approach in enhancing intimacy and social interest among a sample of single university students. The sample comprised 718 single young individuals from a public university in Jordan. Among them, 38 students displaying low social interest and experiencing fear of intimacy voluntarily participated. They were divided into two groups: an experimental group of 19 participants and a control group of 19 participants. The study utilized two measurement scales-one for fear of intimacy and another for social interest. The group counseling program, consisting of 11 sessions, was administered. The findings revealed significant differences between the experimental and control groups in pre- and post-measurements, indicating the positive impact of the group counseling program on the experimental group. Additionally, follow-up assessments indicated that the beneficial effects of the group counseling program were sustained over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of the College Of Basic Education is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract The present study employed dictator game and ultimatum game to investigate the effect of facial attractiveness, vocal attractiveness and social interest in expressing positive (“I like you”) versus negative signals (“I don’t like you”) on decision making. Female participants played against male recipients in dictator game and ultimatum game while played against male proposers in ultimatum game. Results showed that participants offered recipients with attractive faces more money than recipients with unattractive faces. Participants also offered recipients with attractive voices more money than recipients with unattractive voices, especially under the positive social interest condition. Moreover, participants allocated more money to recipients who expressed positive social interest than those who expressed negative social interest, whereas they would also expect proposers who expressed positive social interest to offer them more money than proposers who expressed negative social interest. Overall, the results inform beauty premium for faces and voices on opposite-sex economic bargaining. Social interest also affects decision outcomes. However, the beauty premium and effect of social interest varies with participants’ roles.

The present study employed dictator game and ultimatum game to investigate the effect of facial attractiveness, vocal attractiveness and social interest in expressing positive ("I like you") versus negative signals ("I don't like you") on decision making. Female participants played against male recipients in dictator game and ultimatum game while played against male proposers in ultimatum game. Results showed that participants offered recipients with attractive faces more money than recipients with unattractive faces. Participants also offered recipients with attractive voices more money than recipients with unattractive voices, especially under the positive social interest condition. Moreover, participants allocated more money to recipients who expressed positive social interest than those who expressed negative social interest, whereas they would also expect proposers who expressed positive social interest to offer them more money than proposers who expressed negative social interest. Overall, the results inform beauty premium for faces and voices on opposite-sex economic bargaining. Social interest also affects decision outcomes. However, the beauty premium and effect of social interest varies with participants' roles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the attractiveness of voices plays an important role in social interactions, it is unclear how voice attractiveness and social interest influence social decision‐making. Here, we combined the ultimatum game with recording event‐related brain potentials (ERPs) and examined the effect of attractive versus unattractive voices of the proposers, expressing positive versus negative social interest ("I like you" vs. "I don't like you"), on the acceptance of the proposal. Overall, fair offers were accepted at significantly higher rates than unfair offers, and high voice attractiveness increased acceptance rates for all proposals. In ERPs in response to the voices, their attractiveness and expressed social interests yielded early additive effects in the N1 component, followed by interactions in the subsequent P2, P3 and N400 components. More importantly, unfair offers elicited a larger Medial Frontal Negativity (MFN) than fair offers but only when the proposer's voice was unattractive or when the voice carried positive social interest. These results suggest that both voice attractiveness and social interest moderate social decision‐making and there is a similar "beauty premium" for voices as for faces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Throughout history, most genuinely good ideas have been the same ideas, albeit presented differently by philosophers and theorists or presented only in part by different schools of thought. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Alfred Adler compiled good ideas and presented an elegant framework for understanding the human condition. A hundred years have passed, and nothing has suggested that Adler got it wrong or missed any critical factor. But as with any model, followers and theoretical visitors pick and choose their favorite elements of the theory and fail to understand the model's core elements. Without a holistic understanding, the elegance and potential usefulness of the model can be lost. This article distinguishes the core theoretical components from more tangential aspects to provide a theoretical overview and useful model of the human condition, which should make the more tangential aspects of this model and other approaches more understandable and sensibly applied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Sociales (13159518) is the property of Revista de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad del Zulia Venezuela and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article examines the role of social interest and stress tolerance in the successful performance of future educators and analyzes the significance of these qualities in their role as professional requirements. It includes a study with pedagogy students, which is aimed at determining whether there exists a relationship between the two aforementioned important qualities of a teacher’s professiogram. This research featuring pedagogy students shows that the individuals who possess the highest level of social interest also demonstrate better stress tolerance. The results of the study are supported with statistics and analyzed from the perspective of the Adlerian understanding of personality as an indivisible whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A courage scale was developed to address issues regarding the definition of Adlerian courage. It considered the relationships among encouragement, courage, and boundary crossing in Japanese university students using structural equation modeling (SEM). According to exploratory factor analysis, the courage scale comprised two factors: striving for superiority over the self and social interest, consistent with Adler's model of courage. Both factors exhibited sufficient reliability and validity. The SEM results indicated that encouragement from an intimate friend positively influenced social interest, which in turn positively in- fluenced boundary crossing while negatively influencing boundary crossing in the absence of mediation. A classroom management approach based on the results and aimed at enhancing social interest is discussed from an Adlerian perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social interest is the cornerstone of psychological health. Recently, the psychological construct of mindfulness, which is closely linked to psychological health, has received a great deal of attention in counseling research and practice. Mindfulness plays a prominent role in traditional and modern Buddhist approaches that emphasize social justice and equality, as does Adlerian theory. In this regard, this study explores the mediating role of mindfulness in the relationship between social interest and psychological health. The sample consisted of 261 Turkish university students. The participants were administered the Demographic Information Form as well as three other instruments. Overall, results indicate that mindfulness positively mediates the relationship between social interest and psychological health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Public Art is the property of Shanghai Fine Arts Publisher Ltd. co. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research aims to analyze the psychological and social meanings in the sample poem (Wake Up, Children of the Quran) by the Omani poet Abu Muslim Al-Bahlani. It is a poem composed to arouse Muslims to face those who are hostile to Islam and Muslims, and call them to support the supporters of truth. Descriptive and analytical methods are used in the research. Among the findings of the study are: Linguists pay attention to the connotations brought by the words used in the language, because of their role in revealing the meaning that the speaker wants to convey to the receiver, and explaining the meaning by them. Psychological analysis found that there are direct and indirect psychological connotations in the poem that reveals the psychology of the poet, who has a high spirit in preserving religion and supporting the truth. The study also found that the choice of words and rhymes of the poem fit his soul that wants to move his nation. Social analysis reveals that the poet's religious culture is influenced by his social environment. This is understood from the analysis of the words jihad and punishment suitable for the purpose of the poem, as well as explaining some social elements in the poem and from the poet's use of simile, metonymy, and metaphor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article proposes that rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT), including some potentially helpful innovations in it, when employed as part of psychotherapeutic and educational efforts, has the potential to reduce oppressive tendencies on the part of human beings, thus fostering community feeling and Social Interest (the constituent elements of Adlerian Gemeinschaftsgefühl). In this way, REBT can help rob both tyranny and war making of much of their possible psychological underpinnings. The article discusses REBT principles and methods relevant to efforts to reduce tyranny and war, describes how REBT can promote Gemeinschaftsgefühl and related horizontal striving for perfection, and closes with suggestions for future directions based on the discussions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adler was among the first feminists who opposed Freud's views on the inferiority of women. He argued that it was society, not nature, which had hindered women's affinity for Social Interest and that this oppression could be overcome through movements for social justice. He believed that women held the capacity and resilience to fight for themselves against gender-based tyranny. One such fundamental tyranny is against women's bodily autonomy through the enforcement of strict dress codes, especially in autocratic countries such as Iran. The tyranny of the compulsory hijab in Iran is used to describe the mandatory dress code imposed on women, which involves covering their hair and wearing loose-fitting garments that conceal their bodies. This dress code, referred to as hijab, has been enforced since the Islamic Revolution in 1979. In September 2022, the murder of the Iranian woman Mahsa Amini for her supposed improper observance of hijab ignited the worldwide Woman, Life, Freedom movement. This movement calls for the preservation of women's rights and a shift to secular democracy in Iran. Adlerian art therapy workshops inspired by this movement were held in Vancouver, Canada, to promote resilience and social justice in the Iranian diaspora. These workshops successfully echoed the Woman, Life, Freedom movement and encouraged allyship and advocacy for women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to examine the mediation effects of social interest on the relationship between internalized shame and interpersonal problems among Korean university students. Participants comprised of 463 Korean university students who completed questionnaires including inventories of internalized shame, interpersonal problems, and social interest. Mediation effects were examined by analyzing data through SPSS 21.0 and the SPSS Process Macro program (model 4). The results were as follows: First, social interest showed a significant negative correlation with interpersonal problems. Second, social interest had a partial mediating effect on the relationship between internalized shame and interpersonal problems. Third, social interest exhibited a partial mediating effect on the relationship between internalized shame and the subtypes of interpersonal problems (moving against and moving away). Based on the results, implications for counseling strategies are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Alfred Adler focuses on the internal nature of humanity and the positive interaction of individuals in the social context. Human beings have a desire to have fulfilling relationships with others and be fulfilled internally. This promotes emotional and psychological well-being for the individual and ultimately has an impact on the community. Alfred Adler understood this concept clearly. His work on belonging, community feeling, and social interest is pertinent to understanding the inequality experienced by racial and ethnic minorities in the distribution of socioeconomic resources in the mental health and health-care systems. His work is also relevant to understanding how mental health professionals can address this issue. For these reasons, this article explores the need to understand Alfred Adler's work and its relevance to racial and ethnic minorities and mental health professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article the conclusion that the reasons for the deprivation requirements of the games and betting remedies are not associated with negative moments inherent in gambling, not to protect public morals, but only in their complete irrelevance to the state and society. We prove that the reason for the negative attitude to gambling by the state is only one factor to be associated with interest only to their members. Argued that in deciding whether to grant, in some cases the requirements of judicial protection of gambling and betting, fundamental to the legislator is not a social characteristic of gambling hobbies, and the role that they play in the economic circulation.

This study examined the role of social interest and empathy in helping and not helping adults during floods. Participants were split into two groups with helping behaviors (N=90) and without helping behaviors (N = 90) during floods from six cities, Khuzestan province, Iran. A demographic questionnaire, the Social Interest Scale (SIS), and the Questionnaire Measure of Empathic Tendency (QMET)) were used in this study. Analysis showed that people in the helping group had higher social interest than those in the control group. Also, individuals with helping behaviors had greater performance in susceptibility to emotional contagion, extreme emotional responsiveness, tendency to be moved by others' positive emotional experiences, tendency to be moved by others' negative emotional experiences, sympathetic tendency, willingness to be in contact with others who have problems, and the total score of empathy than persons in the control group. These findings can be combined with the emergency aid programs in natural disasters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study has been conducted to analyse the mediating role of jealousy in the relationship between social interest and partner violence in romantic relationships. The research group consisted of 402 emerging adults who were reached by convenient sampling method, who had a romantic relationship and who were students of a state university in Turkey. The data were collected with "Multi-dimensional Jealousy Scale, Intimate Partner Violence Attitude Scale-Revised form and Adlerian Social Interest Scale-Romantic Relationship Form. Mediation analysis showed that jealousy had a mediating role in the relationship between social interest and partner violence. Positive correlation was found between jealousy and partner violence, while social interest and jealousy and partner violence were found to be negatively correlated. As a result of Multivariate Hotelling T2, the main effect of gender on social interest, partner violence and jealousy in romantic relationships scores were found to be significant. Men were found to have significantly higher jealousy and partner violence levels and lower social interest levels than women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Derecho Privado (0123-4366) is the property of Universidad Externado de Colombia, Departmento de Derecho Civil and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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The paper represents the theoretical grounding of psychoanalytic determination of early professionalization of a personality in a family. The theoretical review includes the analysis of basic psychoanalytic theories and concepts that relate to the issue of early professionalization of a personality. The specificity of psychoanalytic position in the consideration of professionalization beginning from the early childhood is inseparably connected with the family relationships. The aim of the presented material is theoretical review and systematization of the main psychoanalytic positions of the study of early professionalization of a personality in a family. Based on theoretical systematization and generalization of the main psychoanalytic postulates, the following has been surveyed: the approach of the effect of a child's unconscious desires on the choice of profession in Z. Freud's theory; the study of operatropisms and sublimation as the basis for the formation of professional development by T. Moser; the concept of the influence of organic processes on the development of individual by E. Bordin; A. Roe's theory of appropriateness of the attitude to the needs and orientation to the interests and dominant motives; the concept of the impact of life scenarios and strategies of the early childhood on the adult life by E. Berne, A. Bruhn, I. Stewart and V. Joines; A. Adler's analytical theory of personality in the concepts of experiencing one's superiority; social interest and aspiration to power in the future professional sphere; works concerning the definition of basic trust-distrust by E. Erickson and basic anxiety by K. Horney, which extend to the content of successful professionalization; the approach of unconscious desire for approval in the ego-psychology of H. Kohut; the basic positions of attachment theory of J. Bowlby; D. Winnicott's transitional space, M. Mahler's separation-individuationl; R. Spitz's anaclitic depression; preverbal consciousness of D. Stern. Based on the analysis and theoretical generalization of the problem, it is stated that unconscious children's impulses and ways to protect against them in a family upbringing compose the basis of personality disorders, the symptoms of which explain subjective sufferings, doubt and uncertainty in adult professional life.

This article discusses Rudolf Dreikurs's vision for Adlerian summer schools to develop skilled practitioners of Individual Psychology in communities around the world. The author shares experiences at the International Committee of Adlerian Summer Schools and Institutes (ICASSI) and the role ICASSI plays in building the Adlerian movement and fostering Adlerian--Dreikursian values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We are in turbulent times, an era marked by upheaval, international conflict, and social uprising, to name only a few challenges. The nature of the difficulties varies enormously, from climate change and pandemics to territorial conflict. Yet there is a common solution for all these problems: social equality. Fifty years ago, Rudolf Dreikurs wrote a remarkable book, Social Equality--The Challenge of Today. This article examines Dreikurs's thoughts on social equality, the need to belong, and how to interact in groups. His legacy on politics and social participation will provide ideas on how to address conflicts of the 21st century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The historical connections among music, numbers, and human behavior are well known and are briefly reviewed, along with the insightful comments of the musician, medical doctor, and Adlerian Rudolf Dreikurs and his work in order to establish music therapy as a new profession. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The authors reexplore some of Adler's therapeutic formulations with the aim of presenting a renewed look at the meaning of psychological healing. They begin with Adler's concepts of mental health and psychological disorder and how Adler developed a healing process as movement toward greater community feeling. They discuss the processes of healing as a guiding ideal accomplished via treatment that requires practical, humane interaction. The process emphasizes the importance of the client feeling understood--with a holistic emphasis on both feeling and understanding. The authors use an alliterated conceptualization: client-clinician connection (mutual feeling), cooperation (mutual action), and common sense (mutual understanding) to describe movement in the healing process. The second half of the article offers a clinical illustration of how felt understanding between client and clinician can manifest practically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the existence of numerous scales and questionnaires that measure social interest, no such instrument has been developed specifically to measure social interest in Turkish adolescents. To that end, this study is designed to develop a valid and reliable scale to measure social interest in Turkish adolescents. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to determine the construct validity of the Social Interest Scale for Adolescents. As a result of the confirmatory factor analysis of the final 21-item scale, a four-factor structure was revealed. Each of these factors referred to a critical Adlerian construct related to social interest: belonging, sensitivity, coping, and helping. In line with these results, it is possible to indicate that the scale is a valid and reliable instrument in measuring the social interest levels of Turkish adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The author shares his educational pathway from client to clinician and the many Adlerians who have awakened in him the Adlerian spirit of concern for others. He delineates several Adlerian principles most significant to him and most regularly applied in his clinical and training work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]