Search

Frequent conflicts over money, land, power, and other resources make it difficult for some societies to find or sustain any sense of equilibrium. Additionally, racial, ethnic, religious, socioeconomic, educational, and political injustices, among others, require that leaders increase their understanding and commitment to social justice. Such efforts are critical in light of the vastly disparate opinions and increasingly polarized positions at the heart of contentious relationships that exist among people. This paper explores the origins of social justice, discusses the definition and perceptions of social justice, introduces the relationship between social justice and leadership, addresses current social and environmental conditions, presents challenges for leaders in terms of addressing social justice, and offers implications for socially just leadership.

The genetically-modified-organism (GMO) experience has been prominent in motivating science, industry, and regulatory communities to address the social and ethical dimensions of nanotechnology. However, there are some significant problems with the GMO-nanotech analogy. First, it overstates the likelihood of a GMO-like backlash against nanotechnology. Second, it invites misconceptions about the reasons for public engagement and social and ethical issues research as well as their appropriate roles in nanotech research, development, application, commercialization, and regulatory processes. After an explication of the standard GMO-Nanotech analogy, these two problems are discussed in turn. (Contains 10 notes.)

An individual's concept of disability depends upon one's experience, based on personal, physical, mental, and emotional knowledge (Linton, 1998; Wendell, 1996). The United Nations (United Nations, 2005) defines disability as any restriction or deficiency of ability to perform within the range of what is considered normal for an individual. A handicap, on the other hand, is a disadvantage for a person that is a result of an impairment or disability. Therefore, a person with a handicap is viewed as being unable to interact on an equal level with other community members. The four artists' works gathered for this Instructional Resource are designed to provide perspective on art that deals with different special needs within the concept of dis/ability. The objectives of this activity are to allow students to: (1) describe a work of art in terms that reflect the artist's perspective on a specific disability; (2) create a work of art that interprets the concept of dis/ability through the lens of stereotypes, social prejudice, social justice, and personal experiences; (3) write a short interpretive essay on a fellow student's work of art; and (4) write a short interpretive essay characterizing an exhibition of work focusing on disabilities.

This paper reports a multi-stage study carried out between 1999 and 2001 which aimed to develop an instrument to address the need for a culturally relevant measure of quality of life for Chinese older persons in Hong Kong and similar communities. The first stage of the research involved a focus group study conducted in August 1999 which it was hoped would reflect how "quality of life" may be interpreted by older persons themselves. The next stage, a content analysis of the focus groups, enabled the construction of a questionnaire containing over 100 items on various aspects of quality of life (QoL). The questionnaire was reviewed by a panel of experts and the items were refined and reduced to 86 to which were added a further 25 items for socio-demographic background. This formed the initial instrument. The final stage was a validation study based on a representative community survey, with a sample of 3,000 respondents drawn for the research team by the Census and Statistics Department of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) Government. The survey yielded 1,616 successful interviews with older persons aged 60 or above. The careful stratification of the sample enabled us to say that subjects in all the stages of the survey had broadly similar characteristics to the general Hong Kong elderly population in sex and age distribution. After a rigorous process of validation, the research team recommended the adoption of both an index and six domains for measuring Hong Kong older persons' QoL. The new scale contains a total of 21 items which can be grouped into various domains: subjective well-being, with 4 items; health with 5 items; interpersonal relationships with 6 items; achievement--recognition with 4 items, finance and living conditions (1 item each). The overall QoL scale has a Cronbach's alpha of 0.72 with its domains ranging from 0.65 to 0.77 which indicates a high degree of statistical reliabilities. The name recommended for the scale was 'Hong Kong

In this article we present a discussion of micro-contextual and macro-contextual influences on principals' decision-making compiled from survey and interview data gathered from an extensive study into the ethical decision-making of school principals in Queensland during 2000. We show that there are a number of micro-contextual influences at play and that principals utilize various consultation networks close to the school when faced with ethical issues. We contend that principals are left underprepared and often unsupported when they are confronted with decisions that are influenced by macro political, social and market-oriented forces. We suggest that there is a need for the identification and implementation of professional development strategies that recognize this deficiency and conclude by offering some suggestions.

This study uses systemic functional linguistics and the related critical discourse analysis to examine intertextual links between four eighth-grade students' talk in informal conversations as they generated ideas for the characters of their narrative writing. Data sources included classroom observations, students' drafts and polished writing, student and teacher interviews, and the informal conversations among the two girls and two boys as they generated character descriptions. Our analysis of the interpersonal relationships showed that all the students participated in advancing topics for discussion and supported each other relatively evenly. In terms of the ideological content of the talk, we found that students negotiated gender ideologies along with ideologies of race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and age. Our use of critical discourse analysis opened up space for identifying gender fairness and equity in classrooms through complicating gender relationships within students' interactions around writing.

Many of the cultural items that are associated with globalization started out as American cultural products, for example, McDonalds hamburgers, Jeans, Coca-Cola, and Rock-and-Roll. Canada, next-door neighbour to the United States, was the first country to be subjected to this onslaught early in the 20th century, as American cultural and economic influence grew. As a result, Canadians of all ages have grown up taking America's dominance for granted, and this dominance is one of the reasons for the confused and weak sense of identity that Canadians have often felt. This Americanization is now spreading throughout the globe as a driving force of globalization, but in Canada this trend is no longer perceived as negatively--or even as consciously--as in other countries. This author contends that, if globalization is characterized by large-scale population movements, cultural diversity, the Americanization of culture, increasing economic integration, and homogeneity, then Canada is one of the world's most successful integrators. (Contains 1 note.)

As countries around the world move toward global integration, knowledge of how Canada interrelates globally is becoming an increasingly useful asset. It is important that young Canadians learn what it means to become responsible global citizens. Awareness about global issues and appreciation of Canada's efforts in international development offer a practical beginning. This article discusses several initiatives developed by the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) to help educators explore topics of global interest in their classrooms and ensure that their students broaden their awareness about international issues.

This article reflects on the study of consumer-related emerging topics in the Journal of Consumer Research (JCR) and looks ahead to consider what the next generation of emergent issues might be that capture consumer researchers' attention and interest. Drawing on conversations with eminent scholars who have made major contributions to JCR by introducing emerging topics to our literature, the author (i) provides a commentary of past approaches to researching novel emerging topics, (ii) suggests some domains from which new emerging topics for consumer research can be sourced, such as new digital technologies (e.g. artificial intelligence) and major societal challenges (e.g. climate change, sustainability, and health), and (iii) offers guidance on how to approach research on important emerging topics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exoskeletons are technologies that can help to increase or improve mobility, dexterity, and strength. They can be used as assistive devices, to restore lost affordances, or for rehabilitation. While mechanical exoskeletons are passive and rely on the body's power for movement, powered exoskeletons are active mechanical systems that can assist or enhance a user's capacity, including in strength and performance. They also offer scope to augment or enhance beyond simple medical support, with potential in the future for superhuman power and strength. While these technologies present promising clinical opportunities, including for those who want to regain walking capacity, they also bring ethical questions, such as about data privacy and accessibility. In addition, the physical features of the technology can prove mentally, physically, and financially demanding, and may be deployed in contexts where user choice and autonomy is constrained. In this article, we discuss these issues, and raise some pertinent ethical questions, not all of which can be easily answered. We touch upon medical and therapeutic uses, for industrial and workplace settings, and in military contexts specially, given these are contexts where such technology may be required or even imposed. We argue that reasonable optimism for such technologies needs to be tempered by sufficient ethical assessment to identify and address barriers to research, development, and use. As well as managing any impacts and expectations for the health and wellbeing of users, the potential impact on autonomy and the risk of coercion, we have to consider what kind of data may be recorded or used, and the risk that these technologies could exacerbate existing inequalities or harms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water resources management and the broad concept of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) attract varied perspectives about their effectiveness and equity as they address diverse needs across sectors and contextual situations. Managers in the water sector generally support their current governance models, while anti-poverty advocates seek more equity in the distribution of resources. Another group of stakeholders claims a lack of inclusivity in decision-making, leading to inequitable outcomes due to hegemony and colonialization of the water management domain by sector experts, officials, and other actors. IWRM focuses on reforms in water governance to achieve greater participation and sharing of power by all sectors of society in decision-making. It can facilitate the involvement of all groups of stakeholders, including those who may in some cases need to engage in social action to address water issues. This paper reviews the claims about the validity of IWRM and analyzes them according to management scenarios where water is a connector among sector issues. The scenarios show that participation in utility and local government decisions is the main pathway for urban water, wastewater, and stormwater management, while the same pathway is more difficult to organize in dispersed situations for domestic supply and irrigation in rural areas, some cases of aquifer management, and management of sprawling flood risk zones. The body of knowledge about participation in water resources management is robust, but organizational and financial capacities among existing entities pose barriers. Water resources management and IWRM do involve hegemony, and the field of practice has been colonialized, but the existential issues and complexity of the decisions and systems involved challenge society to manage successfully while assuring equity and participation through governance reform. The debates over hegemony and colonialization in water management provide an opportunity to continue improving the norms of practice and water resources education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whilst social and political issues have an important role in the geography curriculum, the long-term erosion of the value and insularity of disciplinary knowledge in society and the curriculum has blurred the distinction between educational aims and political advocacy in classrooms. Increasingly, teachers, policymakers, and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) instrumentalize the curriculum with respect to their political objectives, including climate change and social injustice. In taking an advocacy approach to pedagogy, they potentially undermine liberal educational objectives, including the development of autonomy and subjectification. Drawing on recent work in philosophy of education (e.g. Biesta; Van Poeck, and Östman) as well as social realist approaches to knowledge, I make a case for teaching about social and political issues on liberal educational grounds. Geography plays a key role in the school curriculum by providing a space for exploring the human condition through the study of people in contrasting environments and cultural systems. Here, we examine how geography teachers can handle issues in a morally careful way and navigate a line between advocacy and educational aims. One key difference examined is the need to treat students as subjects in their own right and to help develop skills of moral enquiry. In practice this means encouraging an open-ended approach, exploring topics (and the values underpinning them) from a range of perspectives, developing sensitivity to difference, and showing tolerance for ideas of which one disapproves. For students to develop agency and moral independence, they must learn how to think about social and political issues rather than be told what to think. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of our study is to investigate the multifaceted impacts of corruption on society, focusing on how it erodes trust, weakens democratic processes, hampers economic development, and exacerbates social issues. Specifically, we aim to understand the mechanisms through which corruption deteriorates institutional and social trust, undermines governance and electoral fairness, distorts economic markets and public resource allocation, and intensifies social inequalities and environmental degradation. Corruption profoundly undermines society by eroding trust, weakening democracy, hampering economic development, and exacerbating social issues. When corruption is rampant, trust in institutions and social relationships deteriorates, fostering a cynical and suspicious society. Democratic processes suffer as corruption undermines fairness and discredits governance, leading to voter disillusionment. Economically, corruption distorts markets, increases costs, and siphons public resources, hindering growth and development. Socially, corruption exacerbates inequality, entrenches poverty, fuels social divisions, and contributes to environmental degradation by promoting lax regulatory enforcement and policy manipulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Japanese government's decision to discharge treated water into the ocean has drawn citizens' attention, and the evaluation of this issue remains controversial. The themes underlying social issues are connected to the moral foundation of Haidt's moral foundations theory. Accordingly, these foundations appeal to individuals' subjective approval of their moral foundations. The treated water issue is related to the purity foundation; thus, the present study aimed to investigate the role of the purity foundation on the support for the treated water issue by collecting data from 1,291 Japanese participants immediately after the first discharge of treated water. To measure the purity‐related concept, the Purity Orientation–Pollution Avoidance Scale (POPA) was employed. The results of our multiple regression analysis showed a negative association for the Mental Purity subscale and a positive association for the Respect for Religion subscale of POPA. The different aspects of Japanese purity highlighted by POPA are discussed. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms involved in people's attitudes toward social issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the challenges faced by clergy and congregations in addressing social issues in a politically divided society. The author presents their research on ministry, preaching, and social issues, emphasizing the need for pastors to engage with contemporary topics while maintaining trust and unity within their congregations. They propose a method called the sermon-dialogue-sermon process, which involves delivering a sermon on a social issue, facilitating a deliberative dialogue among congregants, and then delivering a follow-up sermon that incorporates diverse perspectives and proposes next steps. The author also highlights the role of liturgical practices and rituals in supporting and enhancing preaching in a divided congregation. They provide a case study of a pastor who successfully implemented this process in his congregation and collaborated with other churches to host community dialogues on controversial social issues. The author emphasizes the importance of sustained dialogue and intentional practices in fostering healthy civil discourse and social engagement within a congregation. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses currently observable forms of engagement. A distinction is first made between the ideal-typical binaries of more formalised and less formalised engagement. More formalised engagement takes place in associations. For example, it is long-term, 'firmly' organised and has a high degree of personal involvement. In contrast, less formalised engagement is more open, flexible, temporary and project-oriented. Findings from a research project carried out in Franconia and Thuringia between 2021 and 2024 and funded by the Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture will be used for the discussion. The project includes quantitative and qualitative methods. The focus of the discussion is firstly on the question of whether activities in individual areas of engagement tend to take place in formalised or less formalised forms of engagement; secondly, on the question of the interplay between the two forms. The key findings are that less formalised engagement is clearly concentrated in those areas that relate to the social dimension of engagement. At the same time, the data show that the analytical separation between more and less formalised engagement is not noticeable at either an organisational or an action level. Both are highly connected within the processes of engagement. Among other things, this leads to the conclusion that associations should be described as a kind of "umbrella" under which often less formalised commitments are carried out and also made possible; commitments that often have nothing to do with the actual purpose of the association but offer the potential to open up a space of opportunity in which projects with added value for rural development in general can be created. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Society changes, but the degree to which it has changed can be difficult to evaluate. We propose that people possess beliefs that society has made, and will make, progress in a linear fashion toward social justice. Five sets of studies (13 studies in total) demonstrate that American participants consistently estimated that over time, society has made positive, linear progress toward social issues, such as gender equality, racial diversity, and environmental protection. These estimates were often not aligned with reality, where much progress has been made in a nonlinear fashion. We also ruled out some potential alternative explanations (Study 3) and explored the potential correlates of linear progress beliefs (Study 4). We further showed that these beliefs reduced the perceived urgency and effort needed to make further progress on social issues (Study 5), which may ultimately inhibit people's willingness to act. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anadolu Journal of Educational Sciences International (AJESI) is the property of Anadolu Journal of Educational Sciences International and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Due to huge investments by both the public and private sectors, artificial intelligence (AI) has made tremendous progress in solving multiple real-world problems such as disease diagnosis, chatbot misbehavior, and crime control. However, the large-scale development and widespread adoption of AI have been hindered by the model-centric mindset that only focuses on improving the code/architecture of AI models (e.g., tweaking the network architecture, shrinking model size, tuning hyper-parameters, etc.). Generally, AI encompasses a model (or code) that solves a given problem by extracting salient features from underlying data. However, when the AI model yields a low performance, developers iteratively improve the code/algorithm without paying due attention to other aspects such as data. This model-centric AI (MC-AI) approach is limited to only those few businesses/applications (language models, text analysis, etc.) where big data readily exists, and it cannot offer a feasible solution when good data are not available. However, in many real-world cases, giant datasets either do not exist or cannot be curated. Therefore, the AI community is searching for appropriate solutions to compensate for the lack of giant datasets without compromising model performance. In this context, we need a data-centric AI (DC-AI) approach in order to solve the problems faced by the conventional MC-AI approach, and to enhance the applicability of AI technology to domains where data are limited. From this perspective, we analyze and compare MC-AI and DC-AI, and highlight their working mechanisms. Then, we describe the crucial problems (social, performance, drift, affordance, etc.) of the conventional MC-AI approach, and identify opportunities to solve those crucial problems with DC-AI. We also provide details concerning the development of the DC-AI approach, and discuss many techniques that are vital in bringing DC-AI from theory to practice. Finally, we highlight enabling technologies that can contribute to realizing DC-AI, and discuss various noteworthy use cases where DC-AI is more suitable than MC-AI. Through this analysis, we intend to open up a new direction in AI technology to solve global problems (e.g., climate change, supply chain disruption) that are threatening human well-being around the globe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Orientation: The allocation of incentives based on corporate financial performance is a longstanding phenomenon aimed at aligning the interests of executives and shareholders. Yet, given rising social and environmental concerns, shareholders are increasingly pressuring companies to link sustainability matters to executive compensation. Research purpose: Disclosures on the linkages between executive remuneration and sustainability considerations were explored in South Africa, a country that is notorious for income inequality. Motivation for the study: Despite offering a well-developed corporate governance framework, South Africa experiences several social ills. If pay-performance linkages are expanded to include sustainability considerations, directors will by implication be encouraged to focus on sustainable value creation. Research design, approach and method: Content analysis was conducted on the 2019 and 2022 integrated and remuneration reports of selected banks and telecommunications companies operating in South Africa. Focus was placed on how these companies have linked sustainability aspects to incentives over the short and long term. Main findings: Improvements were noted in terms of linking sustainability considerations to executive pay. Most companies related social aspects to short-term incentives. Yet, environmental pay-performance linkages warrant more attention. Practical and/or managerial implications: Remuneration and social and ethics committee members should reflect on how executive pay can be optimally linked to material sustainability considerations. The sustainable development goals (SDGs) could be used to develop fairer and more responsible director pay policies. Contribution and/or value-add: The considered companies progressively accounted for sustainability aspects when determining executive pay in a highly unequal country. Directors are thus increasingly rewarded for ensuring a more sustainable future.

Although consumers express their willingness to adopt ethical products, they rarely actually purchase such products. The reason for this attitude-behavior gap is that social desirability bias leads to positive attitudes in marketing surveys, while ambiguity of benefits leads to negative behavior in real life. To resolve this discrepancy, there is a need to evaluate the main factors of a product comprehensively, but current literature is limited to ethical factors only. This study complements this knowledge with two surveys targeting the Japanese coffee market. In the first study, loyalty factors were examined using structural equation modeling. Positive effects were found for brand, product quality, and sales channels, with a negative effect only for ethical factors. In other words, the survey obtained responses that were not subject to social desirability bias. Hence, we conducted a demonstration to ensure that ethical factors are recognized as a value. The second study showed through a randomized controlled trial that the concept of product quality brought about by good working conditions on farms is more appealing than the concept of presenting poverty issues.

Can and should central banks have a social responsibility ('central banks' social responsibility'—CBSR) to play a role in social issues, such as economic inequality? This article provides a conceptual account and analysis of the benefits and challenges associated with CBSR. After showing that CBSR is gaining momentum through the pull of influential actors including central banks themselves, policy-makers, and public opinion, I discuss two types of CBSR the European Central Bank (ECB) could engage in. The moderate approach involves action based on the primary mandate, whereas use of the secondary mandate would present an enlarged version of CBSR. While action based on the primary mandate is both legally possible and desirable, the 'powered' version of CBSR comes with significant legal hurdles. Absent clear prioritization by the Union's political institutions of certain economic policies and objectives, selection and prioritization by the ECB of one or more policies would risk opening the floodgates to policy-making. The enlarged version of CBSR is also undesirable, as it would make the scrutiny of the ECB's activity more challenging for the European Parliament, negatively alter the public trust the ECB enjoys, and heighten the risk of friction within the European System of Central Banks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Companies are increasingly adopting "woke" marketing strategies. To understand the risks and opportunities this approach poses for brands, this article discusses the term "woke," including its origins, definition, and context of use. Then, it explores the concept of "woke" marketing. It analyzes companies that have managed "woke" marketing campaigns effectively, including Nike and Procter & Gamble, as well as brands that have faced backlash from their "woke" marketing attempts, like Pepsi and The North Face. It also notes social media platforms' role in "woke" marketing, as well as the considerations facing global marketers when it comes to implementing "woke" marketing strategies. Finally, it outlines specific suggestions for marketers seeking to launch a "woke" marketing campaign. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Takeaways: Environmental justice is a significant community and social movement that continues to evolve. As "anchor infrastructure," water utilities are in a good position to meet this movement, using their relationships within their communities and experience with navigating complex issues. New funding sources and "environmental big data" are opportunities for water utilities to improve their infrastructure and better protect public health in underserved communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of REMAH Journal is the property of Research & Development of Human Recourses Center (REMAH) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Anorectal malformations (ARM) are correctable congenital malformations with good prognosis. Traditionally it is managed by staged procedure, with diversion colostomy, followed by definitive procedure and stoma reversal in the third stage. It is recommended to complete all stages of repair by 6 months of age for better long-term continence. We had fewer patients coming for definitive surgery and stoma reversal than the patients undergoing colostomy for ARM, so we planned this study to find out the attrition rate among patients undergoing stoma for ARM and explore the reasons for the same. Methods: An observational study was conducted in the Pediatric Surgery department of Chacha Nehru Bal Chikitsalaya, New Delhi. All the case records of patients with ARM who underwent diversion stoma at our center from January 2018 to December 2019 were retrieved. Further follow-up case records were retrieved with the same Unique Health Identification Number (UHID). When the definitive surgery/ stoma closure was not found in the hospital records till December 2022, the parents were contacted telephonically to find out if the children had undergone definitive surgery at some other center, were awaiting surgery, or had died. The attrition was calculated as the difference between the number of patients for whom a stoma was done and the number of patients who underwent definitive surgery and stoma closure till the data acquisition. Results: A total of 105 patients were included in the study with male preponderance. Colostomy was done for 73.33% of patients in the neonatal period (77/105). The cloacal malformation was found in 7 (6.67%), rectal atresia in 6 (5.71%), and 9 had congenital pouch colon (8.57%). The age at stoma creation for ARM ranged from 1 day to 9.3 years (mean 0.67 ±1.96 years). Cardiac and renal anomalies were among the major associations. 28 of the neonates (26.67%) had stomal complications. Stomal issues were reported in 32.4%. Mortality was reported in 37 patients (35.24%) including 35 neonates. The attrition rate in our study was found to be 38.24% (26 out of 68). Factors contributing to attrition range from anemia and protracted waiting lists to the anesthesiologist’s pursuit of optimal patient stabilization, alongside familial or personal matters faced by caregivers. Conclusion: There was a high attrition rate in operated patients of ARM in whom stoma was constructed. The main reasons for the same were anemia and a long surgical waiting list.

Water resources management and the broad concept of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) attract varied perspectives about their effectiveness and equity as they address diverse needs across sectors and contextual situations. Managers in the water sector generally support their current governance models, while anti-poverty advocates seek more equity in the distribution of resources. Another group of stakeholders claims a lack of inclusivity in decision-making, leading to inequitable outcomes due to hegemony and colonialization of the water management domain by sector experts, officials, and other actors. IWRM focuses on reforms in water governance to achieve greater participation and sharing of power by all sectors of society in decision-making. It can facilitate the involvement of all groups of stakeholders, including those who may in some cases need to engage in social action to address water issues. This paper reviews the claims about the validity of IWRM and analyzes them according to management scenarios where water is a connector among sector issues. The scenarios show that participation in utility and local government decisions is the main pathway for urban water, wastewater, and stormwater management, while the same pathway is more difficult to organize in dispersed situations for domestic supply and irrigation in rural areas, some cases of aquifer management, and management of sprawling flood risk zones. The body of knowledge about participation in water resources management is robust, but organizational and financial capacities among existing entities pose barriers. Water resources management and IWRM do involve hegemony, and the field of practice has been colonialized, but the existential issues and complexity of the decisions and systems involved challenge society to manage successfully while assuring equity and participation through governance reform. The debates over hegemony and colonialization in water management provide an opportunity to continue improving the norms of practice and water resources education.

From 2008 to 2024, the Newborn Screening Translational Research Network (NBSTRN), part of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Hunter Kelly Newborn Screening Program, served as a robust infrastructure to facilitate groundbreaking research in newborn screening (NBS), public health, rare disease, and genomics. Over its sixteen years, NBSTRN developed into a significant international network, supporting innovative research on novel technologies to screen, diagnose, treat, manage, and understand the natural history of more than 280 rare diseases. The NBSTRN tools and resources were used by a variety of stakeholders including researchers, clinicians, state NBS programs, parents, families, and policy makers. Resources and expertise for the newborn screening community in ethical, legal, and social issues (ELSI) has been an important area of focus for the NBSTRN and this includes efforts across the NBS system from pilot studies of candidate conditions to public health implementation of screening for new conditions, and the longitudinal follow-up of NBS-identified individuals to inform health outcomes and disease understanding. In 2023, the NBSTRN conducted a survey to explore ELSI issues in NBS research, specifically those encountered by the NBS community. Since NBS research involves collaboration among researchers, state NBS programs, clinicians, and families, the survey was broadly designed and disseminated to engage all key stakeholders. With responses from 88 members of the NBS community, including researchers and state NBS programs, the survey found that individuals rely most on institutional and collegial resources when they encounter ELSI questions. Most survey responses ranked privacy as extremely or very important in NBS research and identified the need for policies that address informed consent in NBS research. The survey results highlight the need for improved collaborative resources and educational programs focused on ELSI for the NBS community. The survey results inform future efforts in ELSI and NBS research in the United States (U.S.) and the rest of the world, including the development of policies and expanded ELSI initiatives and tools that address the needs of all NBS stakeholders.

Changes that occur often in the world around us in accordance with each period's change. It is a common trend in writing to introduce new tendencies, and the Gothic subgenre exhibits this tendency. The term Gothic has its roots in the early 16th century and refers to a mysterious quality that appears in some metaphysical items. This paper is a humble attempt to explore the history of the Gothic novel and demonstrate how mystery alone recreates this genre in British literature. The ability of intangible components to incite fear in readers was lessened with the rise of the mysterious portrayal of a story in day-to-day life. As the Gothic novel began to examine reality, readers' desire to learn the truth increased. This paper investigates to understand the reasons for the abrupt disappearance of metaphysical components and increased focus and importance on existential and social issues by examining a few randomly chosen modern novels and comparing them to the earlier Gothic classics. It highlights the differences occurring in readers' views according to the various times while also evaluating the variance occurring within the Gothic genre. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A collection of technologies that researchers are interested in is the Brain-Computer Interface (BCI). A BCI technology enables people, without using peripheral nerves and muscles, to function in their environment by using only brain activity. The main objective of BCI technology is to develop systems that allow users with disabilities to interact with others, control artificial limbs or control their environment. This article presents the systematic literature review(SLR) by conducting a scoping analysis of biomedical ethical literature to define and differentiate the main brain-computer interface associated problems usage, exploring the ethics concerns cited in various fields, Way of life, and medication, among others. The main objective of study the systematic literature reviews to provide a summary of (social, legal, and ethical) issues of the Brain-computer interface, and discuss their results/solutions by reading different reviews about BCI. This investigation has been collected by reviewing research studies published in renowned sites between 2013 and 2024. Moreover, the data for the BCI issues performed by different conferences and journals. The study has been performed based on brain-computer interface and that one possible transformation into therapeutic interference causes huge ethical, authorized, and community problems, especially through the regard towards the individuality, disgrace, self-reliance, safety, ethics of research, safety, transparency, Justice, and equity. An aggregate of 56 articles was recognized out of which 31 studies were included. Amongst them, 25 articles contain usability issues of BCI that helps in finding the issues in various fields. Furthermore, 6 articles help in overcoming usability issues. The result revealed the BCI issues that were identified in the medical and non-medical fields. Finally, the future investigation of BCI works on resolving a lack of useful solutions for the moral difficulties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the question of the representability of economy and economics in audiovisual media, developments on the financial markets have often been discussed as a depiction problem. The abstractness and complexity of economic interrelations seem to defy classical modes of storytelling and dramatization. Nevertheless, public opinion about economic changes and dependencies crucially relies on audiovisual media. But how can the public communicate in images, sounds, and words about forces that are out of sight and out of reach, and can supposedly only be adequately grasped by experts? In a case study on audiovisual images of the global financial crisis (2007–), this paper tracks and analyzes a recurring motif: the staging of expert knowledge as close‐ups of expressive faces vis‐à‐vis computer screens in television news, documentaries, as well as feature films. It draws on the use of digital tools for corpus exploration (reverse image search) and the visualization of video annotations. By relating and comparing different staging strategies by which these "broker faces" become embodiments of turbulent market dynamics, the paper proposes to not regard them as repeated instantiations of the same metaphor, but as a developing web of cinematic metaphors. Different perspectives (news of market developments or historical accounts of crisis developments) and affective stances toward the global financial crisis are expressed in these variations of the face‐screen constellation. The paper thus presents a selection of different appearances of "broker faces" as a medium for an audiovisual discourse of the global financial crisis. A concluding analysis of a scene from Margin Call focuses on its specific intertwining of expert and screen as an ambivalent movement figuration of staging insight. Between the feeling of discovery (of a potential future threat) and the sense of being haunted (by a menacing force), the film stages the emergence of a "broker face" in an atmospheric tension between suspense and melancholy. We argue that the film thereby reframes the motif and poses questions of agency, temporality, and expert knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Narratives are used to make sense of traumatic experiences. However, little attention has been paid to the way one processes another's traumatic personal narrative that is often disorganized and contains emotional language. I examine the orientations a sample of 734 participants took when encountering a protection order court narrative. Participants who took a substantive orientation approached the narrative through the lens of human experience and recalled physical violence, threats, injuries, and emotions experienced by the victim. However, some participants had an analytic orientation, focusing on the clarity of the narrative or the victim's marital status. The extent to which participants cognitively took the victim's perspective shaped whether they adopted a substantive or analytic orientation. Those who cognitively placed themselves in the perspective of the victim were more likely to recall the violence the victim faced and were more likely to find the scenario concerning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the significant contributions made by Wan Halim Othman to the advancement of clinical sociology in Malaysia. Wan Halim, introduced as the progenitor of clinical sociology in Malaysia, has played a pivotal role in social issue management, and his unique approaches have had a lasting social impact on the country. This article starts with the background of the country and the main figure, Wan Halim Othman, and then discusses the various innovative and impactful initiatives that he has spearheaded using the clinical sociology approach. Programs such as the Social Problem Management System (PINTAS) and social clinic exemplify the profound capacity of clinical sociology to address intricate societal issues. Wan Halim has effectively empowered marginalized communities and promoted social cohesion by implementing new strategies like community mediation and support groups specifically designed for single mothers. Although clinical sociology is gaining traction in Malaysia, much must be done to further recognize and institutionalize this discipline. The proposed next steps include the formalization of clinical sociology by implementing comprehensive curricula, hands-on training, and professional certification. The author emphasizes the significance of fostering collaboration among academia, government, and civil society to establish clinical sociology as an institutionalized field and effectively tackle urgent societal issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]