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Australian-born Raymond Dart arrived in South Africa in 1922 and subsequently gave the name Australopithecus africanus to the fossilised juvenile skull discovered by mine workers in Taung, North West Province. After this discovery, and its announcement in 1925, the discipline of palaeoanthropology grew exponentially on the continent. This centennial milestone necessitates reflection on the role of science in society, with a critical look at the relationship between palaeosciences, the theories of human evolution, and the researcher’s interaction with southern African Indigenous peoples. Here we examine the palaeoanthropological scientific practice in southern Africa and suggest ways to decolonise science, and its narratives, in the future. To achieve meaningful transformation and social cohesiveness, we discuss measures to counter the wrongs of the past through meaningful and socially responsive practices such as equitable funding schemes, meaningful collaboration, and doing away with ‘helicopter research’. Significance: Palaeoscience practice and narratives in southern Africa are in need of decolonisation. We call for meaningful transformation and social cohesiveness, through measures to counter the wrongs of the past. To do this, we suggest meaningful and socially responsive practices such as equitable funding schemes, meaningful collaboration, and doing away with ‘helicopter research’.

BackgroundLow- to middle-income countries face critical healthcare challenges. Equipping graduates with social responsiveness, the ability to address community health needs effectively, is essential. Despite its importance, research on integrating social responsiveness principles into medical and pharmacy curricula remains limited. This study explores how understanding of social responsiveness translates to practice in a resource-constrained context and identifies critical factors for future direction.MethodsSemi-structured focus groups were conducted with curriculum developers, academic staff, and alumni (n = 27) using purposive sampling. Thematic analysis yielded an emergent “juncture-factor” framework for integrating SR into curricula.ResultsOur analysis revealed a four-stage framework for integrating social responsiveness. It categorizes existing and evolving efforts into four key junctures (points in time) and 12 factors for consideration at each juncture. The Illuminate juncture emphasizes raising awareness, fostering agreement, and aligning institutional values with community needs. The Construct stage focuses on inclusivity, contextualizing learning, developing relevant content, and employing appropriate pedagogy. The Influence juncture ensures validated social responsiveness action, effective implementation, and faculty and student capacity building. Finally, the Coalesce juncture promotes collaboration and internalization of social responsiveness principles among stakeholders.ConclusionThis framework aligns with international social responsiveness literature while offering a unique low-to middle income country perspective. It acknowledges the complexities of integrating social responsiveness and provides practical ways to address them. This framework serves as a valuable tool for curriculum review in resource-constrained contexts. Future research could explore its applicability across diverse settings, and investigate its long-term impact on student learning and professional development, ultimately shaping future healthcare professionals equipped to address their communities’ needs.

Decades of research have illuminated the consequences of early adverse rearing experiences in laboratory macaque populations. However, knowledge of the impact of traumatic episodes in non-laboratory settings remains limited. This study investigates the socio-emotional and behavioural impacts of illegal trade on five macaque species, all victims of poaching. We studied 53 focal subjects residing at the Lao Conservation Trust for Wildlife (LCTW), a former zoo converted into a rescue and rehabilitation centre. We categorised their past experiences into seven aspects, encompassing maternal care and interactions with conspecifics. We assessed social engagement and cooperation by analysing social behaviours and employing the Social Responsiveness Scale. Emotional resilience was evaluated by measuring anxiety levels and the occurrence of abnormal behaviours, supported by a welfare questionnaire. Additionally, the introduction of Cattell’s 16PF questionnaire in macaques for the first time aimed to reveal the influence of traumatic experiences on their personality traits. Our findings underscore the significance of early social exposure to conspecifics. Macaques deprived of juvenile social contact show reduced social behaviours and a tendency towards social avoidance in adulthood. Human-reared macaques display increased abnormal behaviours in social contexts, which compromises welfare. Social deprivation with conspecifics during infancy negatively affects psychological stimulation and overall welfare, with prolonged time in illegal trade correlating with increased anxiety levels. Personality traits, such as ‘Calmness’ and ‘Unfriendliness’, are shaped by rearing conditions, with macaques deprived of social interaction showing higher levels of introversion. In summary, the more time macaques spend in human care with minimal exposure to conspecifics, the more pronounced the impacts on anxiety, abnormal social behaviours, and personality traits, highlighting the significant long-term effects of early rearing conditions on their socio-emotional development.

This study evaluated attention, sensory processing, and social responsiveness and the relationship between these constructs among autistic and neurotypical adults. Participants included 24 autistic adults (17–30 years) and 24 neurotypical peers who completed the Test of Everyday Attention, Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile (AASP), and the Social Responsiveness Scale-2. Autistic individuals showed greater attention, sensory processing, and social responsiveness challenges compared to neurotypical peers. Using mediation models, we showed that the relationship between attention and social responsiveness was mediated by sensory processing, specifically the low registration and sensation-seeking AASP quadrants. The relationship between attention, sensory processing, and social responsiveness suggests that adults with greater attention issues may have greater sensory and social challenges. Specifically, having poor attention may lead to poor sensory processing skills which compound poor social responsiveness. Understanding the relationships between these domains is critical for developing effective interventions and support for autistic adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractPurposeMethodsResultsConclusion\nIMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONResearch suggests that rates for autism may be higher in cerebral palsy than in the general population. For those with severe bilateral physical impairment (GMFCS level IV and V) and little or no speech, describing a profile of social communication skills has been difficult because there are currently no assessments for early social communication specifically tailored for these children. Our aim was to explore the assessment of aspects of joint attention and social reciprocity in this group of children with CP.We compared the performance of children with bilateral CP on carefully designed assessments of joint attention and social responsiveness with groups of children with Down syndrome and autism. All three groups were matched for chronological age and mental age.Approximately 30% of the children with bilateral CP had early social communication scores similar to the autistic children. The remaining 70% of children with CP had a range of early social communication scores similar to the children with Down syndrome.It is possible to assess key early social communication skills in non-speaking children with bilateral motor disability. This could provide insights to help clinicians and caregivers as they discuss abilities and explore potential areas for intervention.With carefully designed activities, which do not rely on motor skills or verbal exchanges, it was possible to assess joint attention and social responsiveness skills in a group of non-speaking children with bilateral motor disability.We were able to identify a subgroup of non-speaking children with severe motor disability (approximately 30% of our cohort) whose scores on our assessments were similar to a group of autistic children.The ability to describe key early social communication skills should provide insights to help clinicians and caregivers as they discuss abilities and explore potential areas for intervention.With carefully designed activities, which do not rely on motor skills or verbal exchanges, it was possible to assess joint attention and social responsiveness skills in a group of non-speaking children with bilateral motor disability.We were able to identify a subgroup of non-speaking children with severe motor disability (approximately 30% of our cohort) whose scores on our assessments were similar to a group of autistic children.The ability to describe key early social communication skills should provide insights to help clinicians and caregivers as they discuss abilities and explore potential areas for intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proprioception has long been linked with emotional dysregulation in neurotypical adults. Neuropediatric disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and cerebral palsy (CP) are distinct entities and yet both present with deficits and challenges in sensory processing and the regulation of emotions. This study aimed to explore the relationship between proprioception and emotional–social performance in children and to compare proprioception and emotional–social performance in different underlying neurodevelopmental conditions. For this purpose, this cross-sectional study included 42 children with ASD, 34 children with CP and 50 typically developing peers. Proprioceptive acuity, proprioceptive reactive behavior as well as emotion regulation and social responsiveness were assessed. The results show a significant correlation between proprioceptive deficits and emotional difficulties in this pediatric sample, with distinct proprioceptive impairment patterns according to the underlying neurological disorder. Children with CP showed significant emotional knowledge deficits, while children with ASD predominantly showed challenges in social responsiveness. These data thus suggest a differentiated impact of proprioception on emotional–social performance in neurodevelopmental disorders and highlight proprioception as a potential therapeutic target for balancing emotion regulation in children with neurodevelopmental conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decades of research have illuminated the consequences of early adverse rearing experiences in laboratory macaque populations. However, knowledge of the impact of traumatic episodes in non-laboratory settings remains limited. This study investigates the socio-emotional and behavioural impacts of illegal trade on five macaque species, all victims of poaching. We studied 53 focal subjects residing at the Lao Conservation Trust for Wildlife (LCTW), a former zoo converted into a rescue and rehabilitation centre. We categorised their past experiences into seven aspects, encompassing maternal care and interactions with conspecifics. We assessed social engagement and cooperation by analysing social behaviours and employing the Social Responsiveness Scale. Emotional resilience was evaluated by measuring anxiety levels and the occurrence of abnormal behaviours, supported by a welfare questionnaire. Additionally, the introduction of Cattell’s 16PF questionnaire in macaques for the first time aimed to reveal the influence of traumatic experiences on their personality traits. Our findings underscore the significance of early social exposure to conspecifics. Macaques deprived of juvenile social contact show reduced social behaviours and a tendency towards social avoidance in adulthood. Human-reared macaques display increased abnormal behaviours in social contexts, which compromises welfare. Social deprivation with conspecifics during infancy negatively affects psychological stimulation and overall welfare, with prolonged time in illegal trade correlating with increased anxiety levels. Personality traits, such as ‘Calmness’ and ‘Unfriendliness’, are shaped by rearing conditions, with macaques deprived of social interaction showing higher levels of introversion. In summary, the more time macaques spend in human care with minimal exposure to conspecifics, the more pronounced the impacts on anxiety, abnormal social behaviours, and personality traits, highlighting the significant long-term effects of early rearing conditions on their socio-emotional development.

Decades of research have illuminated the consequences of early adverse rearing experiences in laboratory macaque populations. However, limited knowledge exists about the impact of traumatic episodes in non-laboratory environments. This study delves into the repercussions of illegal trade on socio-emotional and behavioural skills in five macaque species, all victims of poaching. We categorised their past experiences into seven aspects, encompassing maternal care and interactions with conspecifics. We assessed social engagement and cooperation by analysing social behaviours and employing the Social Responsiveness Scale. Emotional resilience was evaluated by measuring anxiety levels and the occurrence of abnormal behaviours, supported by a welfare questionnaire. Additionally, the introduction of Cattell’s 16PF questionnaire in macaques for the first time aimed to reveal the influence of traumatic experiences on their personality traits. Our findings emphasise the significance of early social exposure. The lack of juvenile social contact predicts reduced social behaviours and an inclination towards social avoidance in adulthood. Macaques raised by humans tend to exhibit more abnormal behaviours in social contexts, compromising their welfare. Deprivation of social exposure in infancy negatively impacts psychological stimulation and overall welfare. The duration of time spent in illegal trade correlates with heightened anxiety levels. Personality traits such as ‘Calmness’ and ‘Unfriendliness’ are influenced by rearing conditions, with macaques deprived of social interaction during their early years showing higher levels of introversion. In conclusion, the absence of social exposure during early life and hand-rearing due to illegal trade significantly shape macaques’ personality traits and their social and emotional skills.

Decades of research have illuminated the consequences of early adverse rearing experiences in laboratory macaque populations. However, limited knowledge exists about the impact of traumatic episodes in non-laboratory environments. This study delves into the repercussions of illegal trade on socio-emotional and behavioural skills in five macaque species, all victims of poaching. We categorised their past experiences into seven aspects, encompassing maternal care and interactions with conspecifics. We assessed social engagement and cooperation by analysing social behaviours and employing the Social Responsiveness Scale. Emotional resilience was evaluated by measuring anxiety levels and the occurrence of abnormal behaviours, supported by a welfare questionnaire. Additionally, the introduction of Cattell’s 16PF questionnaire in macaques for the first time aimed to reveal the influence of traumatic experiences on their personality traits. Our findings emphasise the significance of early social exposure. The lack of juvenile social contact predicts reduced social behaviours and an inclination towards social avoidance in adulthood. Macaques raised by humans tend to exhibit more abnormal behaviours in social contexts, compromising their welfare. Deprivation of social exposure in infancy negatively impacts psychological stimulation and overall welfare. The duration of time spent in illegal trade correlates with heightened anxiety levels. Personality traits such as ‘Calmness’ and ‘Unfriendliness’ are influenced by rearing conditions, with macaques deprived of social interaction during their early years showing higher levels of introversion. In conclusion, the absence of social exposure during early life and hand-rearing due to illegal trade significantly shape macaques’ personality traits and their social and emotional skills.

Proprioception has long been linked with emotional dysregulation in neurotypical adults. Neuropediatric disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and cerebral palsy (CP) are distinct entities and yet both present with deficits and challenges in sensory processing and the regulation of emotions. This study aimed to explore the relationship between proprioception and emotional–social performance in children and to compare proprioception and emotional–social performance in different underlying neurodevelopmental conditions. For this purpose, this cross-sectional study included 42 children with ASD, 34 children with CP and 50 typically developing peers. Proprioceptive acuity, proprioceptive reactive behavior as well as emotion regulation and social responsiveness were assessed. The results show a significant correlation between proprioceptive deficits and emotional difficulties in this pediatric sample, with distinct proprioceptive impairment patterns according to the underlying neurological disorder. Children with CP showed significant emotional knowledge deficits, while children with ASD predominantly showed challenges in social responsiveness. These data thus suggest a differentiated impact of proprioception on emotional–social performance in neurodevelopmental disorders and highlight proprioception as a potential therapeutic target for balancing emotion regulation in children with neurodevelopmental conditions.

The article discusses the study which investigates differences in social, empathetic, and systemizing characteristics between children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and children with developmental dysphasia (DD) using the Social Responsiveness Scale (SrS) and Empathizing/Systemizing Quotient (EQ/SQ) assessments. It mentions that the research found significant differences in social responsiveness and empathy scores between the ASD, DD, and healthy control (Hc) groups.

Global health inequities have created an urgency for health professions education to transition towards responsive and contextually relevant curricula. Such transformation and renewal processes hold significant implications for those educators responsible for implementing the curriculum. Currently little is known about how health professions educators across disciplines understand a responsive curriculum and how this understanding might influence their practice. We looked at curricula that aim to deliver future health care professionals who are not only clinically competent but also critically conscious of the contexts in which they serve and the health care systems within which they practice. We conducted a qualitative study across six institutions in South Africa, using focus group discussions and in-depth individual interviews to explore (i) how do health professions educators understand the principles that underpin their health professions education curriculum; and (ii) how do these understandings of health professions educators shape their teaching practices? The transcripts were analysed thematically following multiple iterations of critical engagement to identify patterns of meaning across the entire dataset. The results reflected a range of understandings related to knowing, doing, and being and becoming; and a range of teaching practices that are explicit, intentionally designed, take learning to the community, embrace a holistic approach, encourage safe dialogic encounters, and foster reflective practice through a complex manner of interacting. This study contributes to the literature on health professions education as a force for social justice. It highlights the implications of transformative curriculum renewal and offers insights on how health professions educators embrace notions of social responsiveness and health equity to engage with these underlying principles within their teaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Intranasal administration of oxytocin is increasingly explored as a new approach to facilitate social development and reduce disability associated with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The efficacy of multiple-dose oxytocin administration in children with ASD is, however, not well established. Methods A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial with parallel design explored the effects of a 4-week intranasal oxytocin administration (12 IU, twice daily) on parent-rated social responsiveness (Social Responsiveness Scale: SRS-2) in pre-pubertal school-aged children (aged 8–12 years, 61 boys, 16 girls). Secondary outcomes included a questionnaire-based assessment of repetitive behaviors, anxiety, and attachment. Effects of oxytocin were assessed immediately after the administration period and at a follow-up, 4 weeks after the last administration. The double-blind phase was followed by a 4-week single-blind phase during which all participants received intranasal oxytocin. Results In the double-blind phase, both the oxytocin and placebo group displayed significant pre-to-post-improvements in social responsiveness and secondary questionnaires, but improvements were not specific to the intranasal oxytocin. Notably, in the single-blind phase, participants who were first allocated to intranasal placebo and later changed to intranasal oxytocin displayed a significant improvement in social responsiveness, over and above the placebo-induced improvements noted in the first phase. Participants receiving oxytocin in the first phase also showed a significant further improvement upon receiving a second course of oxytocin, but only at the 4-week follow-up. Further, exploratory moderator analyses indicated that children who received psychosocial trainings (3 or more sessions per month) along with oxytocin administration displayed a more pronounced improvement in social responsiveness. Limitations Future studies using larger cohorts and more explicitly controlled concurrent psychosocial trainings are warranted to further explore the preliminary moderator effects, also including understudied populations within the autism spectrum, such as children with co-occurring intellectual disabilities. Conclusions Four weeks of oxytocin administration did not induce treatment-specific improvements in social responsiveness in school-aged children with ASD. Future studies are warranted to further explore the clinical efficacy of oxytocin administration paired with targeted psychosocial trainings that stimulate socio-communicative behaviors. Trial registration The trial was registered with the European Clinical Trial Registry (EudraCT 2018-000769-35) on June 7th, 2018 ( https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/trial/2018-000769-35/BE ).

Copyright of Journal of Student Affairs in Africa is the property of Journal of Student Affairs in Africa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Mother-infant interactions are a proximal process in early development and may be especially salient for children who are at risk for social difficulties (i.e. infant siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder). To inform how indices of maternal behaviors may improve parent-mediated interventions designed to mitigate autism spectrum disorder risk, the present study explored maternal social responsiveness ratings and social behaviors during dyadic play interactions. Dyads were recruited from families with at least one older child with autism spectrum disorder (high-risk group, n = 90) or families with no history of autism spectrum disorder (low-risk group, n = 62). As part of a prospective study, interactions were coded when infant siblings were 6, 9, and 12 months of age, for gaze, affect, vocalizations, and multimodal bids or responses (i.e. social smiles). Maternal social responsiveness was indexed via the Social Responsiveness Scale. Mothers in both risk groups had comparable Social Responsiveness Scale scores and social behaviors during play. Two maternal behaviors emerged as positive correlates of infant social behaviors and are thus of high relevance to parent-mediated interventions. Specifically, more maternal positive affect and the use of multimodal bids or responses were associated with more infant positive affect, vocalizations, gaze to face, and multimodal bids or responses.

While social accountability (SA) is regarded as an obligation or mandate for medical school administration, it runs the danger of becoming a bureaucratic checkbox. Compassion which leads to social responsiveness (SR), in contrast, is often recognized as an individual characteristic, detached from the public domain. The two, however, complement each other in practice. Institutions must be truly socially accountable, which is possible if there is spontaneous SR to the needs, and is fueled by compassion. Compassion in this article is defined as a "feeling for other people's sufferings, and the desire to act to relieve the suffering." Compassion has a long history, whereas SA is more recently described concept that follows the historical development of social justice. SR is the moral or ethical duty of an individual to behave in a way that benefits society. Not everyone feels the need to do something for others. Even if the need is felt, there may be a lack of will to act for the needs or to act effectively to fulfill the needs of society. The reasons are many, some visible and others not. SR provides the basis for being compassionate; hence, medical schools need to include SR as a criterion in their admissions process for student recruitment and inculcate compassion in health professions education and health care. By fostering SR and engaging compassion and self-compassion to achieve SA, we can humanize medical education systems and health care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Intranasal administration of oxytocin is increasingly explored as a new approach to facilitate social development and reduce disability associated with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The efficacy of multiple-dose oxytocin administration in children with ASD is, however, not well established. Methods: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial with parallel design explored the effects of a 4-week intranasal oxytocin administration (12 IU, twice daily) on parent-rated social responsiveness (Social Responsiveness Scale: SRS-2) in pre-pubertal school-aged children (aged 8–12 years, 61 boys, 16 girls). Secondary outcomes included a questionnaire-based assessment of repetitive behaviors, anxiety, and attachment. Effects of oxytocin were assessed immediately after the administration period and at a follow-up, 4 weeks after the last administration. The double-blind phase was followed by a 4-week single-blind phase during which all participants received intranasal oxytocin. Results: In the double-blind phase, both the oxytocin and placebo group displayed significant pre-to-post-improvements in social responsiveness and secondary questionnaires, but improvements were not specific to the intranasal oxytocin. Notably, in the single-blind phase, participants who were first allocated to intranasal placebo and later changed to intranasal oxytocin displayed a significant improvement in social responsiveness, over and above the placebo-induced improvements noted in the first phase. Participants receiving oxytocin in the first phase also showed a significant further improvement upon receiving a second course of oxytocin, but only at the 4-week follow-up. Further, exploratory moderator analyses indicated that children who received psychosocial trainings (3 or more sessions per month) along with oxytocin administration displayed a more pronounced improvement in social responsiveness. Limitations: Future studies using larger cohorts and more explicitly controlled concurrent psychosocial trainings are warranted to further explore the preliminary moderator effects, also including understudied populations within the autism spectrum, such as children with co-occurring intellectual disabilities. Conclusions: Four weeks of oxytocin administration did not induce treatment-specific improvements in social responsiveness in school-aged children with ASD. Future studies are warranted to further explore the clinical efficacy of oxytocin administration paired with targeted psychosocial trainings that stimulate socio-communicative behaviors. Trial registration The trial was registered with the European Clinical Trial Registry (EudraCT 2018-000769-35) on June 7th, 2018 (https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/trial/2018-000769-35/BE). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aimed to find out the relationship between emotion regulation (ER) and its domains with social responsiveness (SR) to investigate ER and its domains as predictors of SR. Materials and Methods: A sample of 60 male and female adults diagnosed by a professional with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) was studied with ER and its domains of RI or Cognitive Reappraisal, SI or Expressive Suppression and SR as variables. Tools used were Social Responsiveness Scale-2 (Adult, Relative/Other online form) and Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ). Results: ERQ domain of Cognitive Reappraisal or RI was found to be negatively correlated with Social Responsiveness or SR but positively correlated with Expressive Suppression or SI domain with Pearson's r value of -0.662 for RI and of 0.275 for SI. Furthermore, RI and SI variables were found to be significantly negatively correlated with each other. Multiple regression analysis results showed R to be 0.666 and predictor variables explained 44.4% of the variance in the data since R square was found to be 0.444. The model was found to be a significant predictor of the variable SR, F (2, 57) = 22.76, P = 0.000. Conclusion: The present study found that ASD adults with high or good SR engage in less cognitive reappraisal (RI) ER strategy and more in expressive suppression (SI) strategy of ER. Multiple regression analysis results suggest a good and strong relationship suggesting our model is a relatively good predictor of the outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The patterning of interactions between individuals over time form the foundation for relationships, which are the basis for social group structure. The emergent social structure scaling from interactions might, therefore, be influenced by individual differences in how individuals respond to stressors and uncertainty, which are often intrinsic aspects of social dynamics. During a 17-month study of wild olive baboons, Papio anubis , in Laikipia, Kenya, we measured individual differences in coping style and stress reactivity by experimentally presenting a stressor with multiple solutions. We measured individual differences in sociality through focal animal and ad libitum sampling that recorded grooming, aggression, proximity, and social displacements. We examined whether experimental measures of coping style and stress reactivity (1) are linked to social network assortativity, (2) predict network position and (3) covary with social dominance rank. Homophily was observed for coping styles in a strong proximity network but not when weak associations were included in the analysis. Coping style scores did not predict social network strength or degree. Partner stability indices of proximity associations and social dominance rank did not covary with coping style measures. Static summative network structures may obfuscate investigative inquiries into the role of individual differences and, also, social structure may constrain or facilitate the behavioural expression of such differences. Thus, we should prioritize more fine-grain investigative approaches inclusive of variation in situation, context and consistency of group structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Medical Imaging & Radiation Sciences is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Autistic children and adolescents have academic performance challenges and are often reluctant to participate in physical activities. Executive function (EF) abilities generally remain stable or worsen as autistic children get older and obesity and lack of physical fitness are frequent concerns experienced by these individuals. Finding ways to address these concerns has the potential to improve outcomes in autistic youth. We conducted a 12-month, repeated-measures study to examine the effectiveness of a mandatory 35-minute daily school physical activity intervention involving low to moderate exertion for autistic adolescents (n = 29). Changes in fitness, EF, social responsiveness, and restrictive and repetitive behaviors were examined. Significant improvements were seen in fitness, EF areas (specifically cognitive flexibility and planning/organizing), restrictive and repetitive behaviors and social responsiveness. Findings suggest that participation in a mandatory daily 35-minute physical activity program with low to moderate exertion is feasible and may contribute to improved EF, fitness, restricted and repetitive behavior, and social responsiveness in autistic adolescents. • Mandatory daily 35-minute physical activity program participation is feasible for autistic adolescents. • Daily 35-minute low to moderate exertion physical activity may improve fitness in autistic adolescents. • Daily 35-minute physical activity may reduce restrictive thinking and repetitive behaviors in autistic adolescents. • Daily 35-minute mandatory low to moderate exertion physical activity may improve social responsiveness in autistic adolescents. • Daily 35-minute low to moderate exertion physical activity may improve executive function in autistic adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on reflective practice as an essential component of professionalism among Health Service Psychologists (HSPs), especially in their efforts to become more socially responsive and to better serve underrepresented communities within the society-at-large. It highlights the importance of a lifelong process of self-reflection among HSPs—practitioners, faculty, researchers, and consultants—that begins during training and continues as an integral part of professional development. We argue that HSPs have both a professional and ethical obligation to remain up to date in their knowledge and skills, to practice competently, to become more socially responsive, and to better serve underrepresented communities within society. Socially responsive reflective practice should play a crucial role in training settings. Ideally, its impact on students has a ripple effect on the larger society as those same students become professionals contributing to their communities in socially responsive ways. Despite the importance of reflective practice, it comes with several challenges in implementation and execution. Some barriers to this socially responsive self-reflective process are highlighted, and potential ways for practitioners to remedy them are provided. To that end, the Social Responsiveness in Professionalism Checklist is included in the Appendix as a structured review and helpful guide to improve this socially responsive self-reflective process. Public Significance Statement: This article highlights how to enhance, through a number of platforms, an essential component of professionalism, socially responsive reflective practice. Integrating self-reflective practice would ideally begin in training settings and continue throughout the Health Service Psychologist's life span. To begin this socially responsive self-reflective process, a number of tools, including the Social Responsiveness in Professionalism Checklist, are suggested. Socially responsive reflective practice will promote more competent and ethical service to underrepresented and marginalized communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Health service psychologists increasingly function as leaders within organizations and consequently engage in the evaluation of others, including other psychologists. Although psychologists may intend to engage in unbiased and fair evaluation practices, conducting truly equitable evaluations is challenging and may require professional development and ongoing reflective practices. This article first highlights the roles, responsibilities, and challenges psychologists will face in ensuring socially responsive evaluation across practice contexts. Specific tools from the CCTC 2020: Social Responsiveness in Health Service Psychology Education and Training Toolkit (Council of Chairs of Training Councils, 2021) are introduced as mechanisms to better ensure psychologists engage in fair evaluation practices. The article concludes with illustrative cases that demonstrate unjust evaluation practices which can be addressed by using toolkit activities to strengthen relationships and prevent unfair evaluation practices. Public Significance Statement: Although psychologists may intend to engage in unbiased and fair evaluation practices, conducting truly equitable evaluations is challenging and may require professional development and ongoing reflective practices. This article first highlights the roles, responsibilities, and challenges psychologists will face in better ensuring socially responsive supervisee evaluation across practice contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is a genetic disorder produced by a lack of expression of paternally derived genes in the 15q11–13 region. Research has generally focused on its genetic and behavioral expression, but only a few studies have examined epigenetic influences. Prenatal testosterone or the maternal testosterone-to-estradiol ratio (MaTtEr) has been suggested to play an important role in the development of the 'social brain' during pregnancy. Some studies propose the 2D:4D digit ratio of the hand as an indirect MaTtEr measure. The relationship between social performance and MaTtEr has been studied in other neurodevelopmental conditions such as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), but to our best knowledge, it has never been studied in PWS. Therefore, our study aims to clarify the possible existence of a relationship between social performance—as measured using the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS)—and MaTtEr levels using the 2D:4D ratio. We found that, as a group, PWS individuals have shorter index and ring fingers than the control group, but no significant difference in the 2D:4D ratios. The 2D:4D ratio showed a correlation only with Restricted Interests and Repetitive Behavior Subscale, where a positive correlation only for male individuals with PWS was found. Considering only PWS with previous GH treatment during childhood/adolescence (PWS-GH), index and ring fingers did not show differences in length with the control group, but the 2D:4D ratio was significantly higher in the right or dominant hand compared to controls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marine n -3 fatty acids (n -3LCPUFA) have shown neurocognitive benefits in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but few trials have examined effects in adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We explored, if n -3LCPUFA affect cognitive functions in adults with ASD, and if effects are modified by comorbid ADHD. In a 2 × 4 week crossover study, twenty-six participants were randomised to sequence of supplementation with fish oil (FO, 5·2 g/d n -3PUFA) and safflower oil (SO). At baseline and after each period, we measured primary outcomes: attention (d2-test) and spatial working memory (Corsi test) and secondary outcomes: flexibility (Stroop word-colour test), ADHD symptoms (Conners scales), executive functions (Behavioural Inventory of Executive Function) and social behaviour (Social Responsiveness Scale). The dropout rate was 15 %. Compliance was 94 % and correlated with whole-blood n -3LCPUFA. Corsi scores improved by ∼0·3 × sd (P = 0·032) after FO v. SO, and the odds for d2 errors were 30 % lower (P = 0·016), which was supported by improved Conners scores of attention (P = 0·023). Improvement in Conners ADHD symptom score was limited to participants with ADHD (–3·5(–6·0; –1·0), n 10 v. −0·2(–2·5;2·2), n 11 without ADHD, P interaction = 0·096), who also improved their behavioural regulation index by 0·3 × sd after FO (P interaction = 0·016). Participants without ADHD gained most in d2 test performance (OR = 0·4(0·2;0·7) v. 0·9(0·6;1·3) in those with ADHD, P interaction = 0·002), but their executive function score was exacerbated after FO (5·9(0·0,11·8), P interaction = 0·039). Our results did not show any effects on ASD symptoms, but suggest that FO may improve attention and working memory in adults with ASD and ameliorate ADHD symptoms in those with comorbid ADHD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

22q11.2 deletion (22q11.2DS) and 22q11.2 duplication (22q11.2Dup) confer risk for neurodevelopmental difficulties, but the characterization of speech-language and social skills in 22q11.2Dup is still limited. Therefore, this study aims to delineate social-communicative skills in school-aged children with 22q11.2Dup (n = 19) compared to their non-carrier siblings (n = 11) and age-matched children with 22q11.2DS (n = 19). Parents completed two standardized questionnaires: the Children's Communication Checklist (CCC-2), screening speech, language, and social skills, and the Social Responsiveness Scales (SRS-2), assessing deficits in social behavior. Parents report that both children with 22q11.2Dup and 22q11.2DS show more social-communicative deficits than the general population; children with 22q11.2Dup seem to take an intermediate position between their siblings and children with 22q11.2DS. Compared to 22q11.2DS, they demonstrate less frequent and less severe problems, and more heterogeneous social-communicative profiles, with fewer restricted interests and repetitive behaviors. In siblings of 22q11Dup, milder social-communicative difficulties and equally heterogeneous profiles are reported, which might indicate that-in addition to the duplication-other factors such as the broader genetic context play a role in social-communicative outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues that the value of openness to epistemic plurality and the value of social responsiveness are essential for epistemic agents such as scientists who are expected to carry out non-epistemic missions. My chief philosophical claim is that the two values should play a joint role in their communication about earthquake-related damages when their knowledge claims are advisory. That said, I try to defend a minimal normative account of science in the context of communication. I show that these epistemic agents when acting as communicators may encounter various epistemic and practical uncertainties in making their knowledge claims. Using four vignettes, I show that the value of openness to epistemic plurality and the value of social responsiveness may best serve their epistemic and practical purposes across different contexts by reducing their epistemic and practical risks associated with the knowledge claims they communicated. The former may reduce the risks of prematurely excluding epistemic alternatives and is conducive to two types of epistemic plurality; the latter is supposed to reduce the risks of making self-defeating advisory claims and harmful wishful speaking by minimizing the values in tension that can be embedded in the social roles the epistemic agents play. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Autistic traits are commonly viewed as dimensional in nature, and as continuously distributed in the general population. In this respect, the identification of predictive values of markers such as subtle autism-related alterations in brain morphology for parameter values of autistic traits could increase our understanding of this dimensional occasion. However, currently, very little is known about how these traits correspond to alterations in brain morphology in typically developing individuals, particularly during a time period where changes due to brain development processes do not provide a bias. Therefore, in the present study, we analyzed brain volume, cortical thickness (CT) and surface area (SA) in a cohort of 14–15-year-old adolescents (N = 285, female: N = 162) and tested their predictive value for autistic traits, assessed with the social responsiveness scale (SRS) two years later at the age of 16–17 years, using a regression-based approach. We found that autistic traits were significantly predicted by volumetric changes in the amygdala (r = 0.181), cerebellum (r = 0.128) and hippocampus (r = −0.181, r = −0.203), both in boys and girls. Moreover, the CT of the superior frontal region was negatively correlated (r = −0.144) with SRS scores. Furthermore, we observed a significant association between the SRS total score and smaller left putamen volume, specifically in boys (r = −0.217), but not in girls. Our findings suggest that neural correlates of autistic traits also seem to lie on a continuum in the general population, are determined by limbic–striatal neuroanatomical brain areas, and are partly dependent on sex. As we imaged adolescents from a large population-based cohort within a small age range, these data may help to increase the understanding of autistic-like occasions in otherwise typically developing individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), refers to a broad range of conditions characterized by challenges with social skills, repetitive behaviors, speech and nonverbal communication. Individuals with autism spectrum disorder usually have problems with social responsiveness which in turns effects their social communication and results in confined repetitive pattern of behaviour and interests. However the existing literature is limited in demonstrating the importance of social responsiveness and its impact on gender and ASD categories. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of ASD categories on social responsiveness in adults with ASD and investigate social responsiveness among male and female adults with ASD. Methodology: The study utilized data from 60 adults diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder with categories mainly, mild, moderate and high functioning. Adults of both genders (male and female) participated in this study with Social Responsiveness (SR) as a variable over 7 months from October 2021 to February 2022, using the Social Responsiveness Scale-2 (SRS-2 Adult Relative/Other online form). Results and Conclusion: One-way ANOVA test showed significant difference (p

Social impairments are suggested as vulnerability markers for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Therefore, we investigated the development of social responsiveness and theory of mind (ToM) in children at familial high-risk of schizophrenia (FHR-SZ) or bipolar disorder (FHR-BP).This study is part of The Danish High Risk and Resilience Study, a longitudinal cohort study of children at FHR-SZ or FHR-BP and population-based controls (PBC). Social responsiveness was measured with the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS-2), completed by teachers and primary caregivers. ToM was measured using The Animated Triangles Task (ATT). Both SRS-2 and ATT were applied at age 7 and 11. A total of 520 children participated (FHR-SZ, n = 201; FHR-BP, n = 119; PBC, n = 200).Results showed no significant time by group interactions. At follow-up, children at FHR-SZ exhibited impaired social responsiveness compared with PBC regardless of the informant. At both timepoints, a higher proportion of children at FHR-SZ were rated at a clinically significant level, implying inference in everyday social interactions. Compared with PBC, primary caregivers reported impairments in social responsiveness in children at FHR-BP at follow-up. The three groups did not differ in ToM at follow-up.Social responsiveness and ToM do not develop differently in children at FHR-SZ, FHR-BP and PBC from age 7 to 11, but impairments in social responsiveness remain stable and may constitute a vulnerability marker particularly in children at FHR-SZ, but also FHR-BP. ToM abilities seem to improve and remain intact, but ToM development and ToM task properties should be taken into consideration.

Introduction: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), refers to a broad range of conditions characterized by challenges with social skills, repetitive behaviors, speech and nonverbal communication. Individuals with autism spectrum disorder usually have problems with social responsiveness which in turns effects their social communication and results in confined repetitive pattern of behaviour and interests. However, the existing literature is limited in demonstrating the importance of social responsiveness and its impact on gender and ASD categories. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of ASD categories on social responsiveness in adults with ASD and investigate social responsiveness among male and female adults with ASD. Methodology: The study utilized data from 60 adults diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder with categories mainly, mild, moderate and high functioning. Adults of both genders (male and female) participated in this study with Social Responsiveness (SR) as a variable over 7 months from October 2021 to February 2022, using the Social Responsiveness Scale-2 (SRS-2 Adult Relative/Other online form). Results and Conclusion: One-way ANOVA test showed significant difference (p<0.001, df=2) between ASD categories. Tukey's Post Hoc Analysis revealed significant (p<0.001) difference between ASD categories from each other. Gender had no significant impact on ASD, and the severity of ASD varies between groups. Thus, this study fills a large knowledge gap on the influence of gender, categories and social responsiveness on adults with ASD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Health service psychology educators, trainers, and students worked together over several months at the Council of Chairs of Training Councils (CCTC) 2020 Conference to create a product aimed at addressing concerns about health-related inequities resulting from systemic racism, social injustice, and inadequate program structures. A group of 150 conference participants from education, training, and practice collaborated to create the CCTC 2020: Social Responsiveness in Health Service Psychology Education and Training Toolkit. Public Significance Statement: The articles in this special section represent one way to move some of the ideas generated at the CCTC 2020 conference into various domains of practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Some authors date the historical references of social accountability in health as far as the Hippocratic oath. The various terminologies and definitions in use highlight a specific understanding of the issue in terms of concepts, values and skills. Objective: The aim of this article was to contribute to the development, from various scientific sources, of a definition and content of social accountability in health to be used for training health personnel using the initial research question: what is a socially responsible clinician, researcher or health manager? Methods: A systematic literature review was used. Online bibliographic data sources namely Medline, Embase, EBM Reviews and Cochrane Library and more specifically the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, ACP Journal Club, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Clinical Answers, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Methodology Register, Health Technology Assessment, NHS Economic Evaluation Database, Ovid Medline® were searched. Results: Out of 1154 documents identified, 127 were analyzed. Social accountability primarily refers to taking into account the needs of communities. Up to 45% of the definitions and 40% of the values mentioned referred to those proposed by the WHO. Only two references mentioned environmental sustainability. Discussion and conclusion: A notion of social accountability in health integrating various engagements and concepts developed in the health sector, human relation values, professional skills and issues of economic account and sustainability is to be promoted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: It is known that patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) display social difficulties like social responsiveness and high levels of autistic behaviors such as rigidity, narrow interests of food and weight; however it is not clear whether they have comorbid Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) or it is about acute phase of illness. In this study it is aimed to investigate autistic traits and social responsiveness in adolescents with AN. Methods: Study group was consisted of 39 female AN patients aged between 12-18 years. Control group was consisted of 34 female adolescents who did not have any psychiatric disorder. K-SADS-PL was applied to all participants in order to detect the psychiatric disorders. Autism traits and social responsiveness were evaluated using Social Responsiveness Scale. All adolescents of the study were administered The Eating Attitude Test, Beck Depression Inventory, Screen for Child Anxiety and Related Disorders, Maudsley Obsesive Compulsive Inventory. Results: Results of the study indicated that adolescents with AN had higher symptoms of depression, anxiety and autism-like symptom clusters; and lower social responsiveness. Psychiatric comorbidities were not associated with these difficulties. Conclusion: The results show that AN patients have an impairment of social responsiveness, the impairment seems to be associated with AN regardless of psychiatric comorbidities. Despite these two disorders are considered unrelated, they have several traits in common. These results suggest that there may be a common pathogenesis between ASD and AN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: It remains unknown what students from medical schools in the Philippines, such as the School of Medicine at Saint Louis University in the Cordilleras, know and feel about climate change, an important issue in this ecological region of the country. Objective: To determine the knowledge and attitudes of future physicians towards climate change. Methods: Pre-pandemic, we conducted a paper survey among first and second year medical students, adapting questionnaires from previous studies: (1) Americans’ Knowledge of Climate Change by the Yale Project on Climate Change Communication; and (2) Attitudes about Global Warming based on the 4th Assessment Report of the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. A pretest was done to ensure respondents’ understanding of the questions. Sample size was computed at 176, and random sampling was done. Results: We obtained a 100% response rate. The respondents were mostly females, 0.05). Conclusion: The respondents generally showed favorable attitudes towards climate change, although their knowledge on the topic could still be improved. Our study may serve as a basis for developing strategies towards a socially responsive medical education within the Philippines.

Previous research has robustly demonstrated that eye contact between actor and observer promotes the simulation of perceived actions into the observer's own motor system, which in turn facilitates social perception and communication. The socially relevant connotation embedded in eye contact may however be different for individuals with differing social traits. Here, we examined how "normal" (i.e. non-clinical) variability in self-reported social responsiveness/autistic traits, social anxiety and interpersonal relationship style (secure, avoidant or anxious attachment) influences neural motor simulation during action observation in different gaze conditions. To do so, we analyzed an existing dataset involving 124 adult participants (age range: 18–35 years) who underwent transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) while observing an actor performing simple hand actions and simultaneously engaging in eye contact or gazing away from the observer. Motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitudes were adopted as an index of motor resonance. Regression-based analyses highlighted the role of social responsiveness and secure attachment in shaping motor resonance, indicating that socially responsive motor resonance during dyadic gaze (i.e., MEP direct > MEP averted) was only observed in participants displaying high levels of these traits. Furthermore, a clustering analysis identified two to three distinct subgroups of participants with unique social trait profiles, showing a clear differentiation in motor resonant patterns upon different gaze cues that is in accordance with a recent neurobiological framework of attachment. Together, results demonstrate that motor resonance within a given social interaction may serve as a sensitive tracker of socio-interactive engagement, which allows to capture subclinical inter-individual variation in relevant social traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Intranasal administration of the “prosocial” neuropeptide oxytocin is increasingly explored as a potential treatment for targeting the core characteristics of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, long-term follow-up studies, evaluating the possibility of long-lasting retention effects, are currently lacking. Methods Using a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel design, this pilot clinical trial explored the possibility of long-lasting behavioral effects of 4 weeks of intranasal oxytocin treatment (24 International Units once daily in the morning) in 40 adult men with ASD. To do so, self-report and informant-based questionnaires assessing core autism symptoms and characterizations of attachment were administered at baseline, immediately after 4 weeks of treatment (approximately 24 h after the last nasal spray administration), and at two follow-up sessions, 4 weeks and 1 year post-treatment. Results No treatment-specific effects were identified in the primary outcome assessing social symptoms (Social Responsiveness Scale, self- and informant-rated). In particular, with respect to self-reported social responsiveness, improvements were evident both in the oxytocin and in the placebo group, yielding no significant between-group difference (p = .37). Also informant-rated improvements in social responsiveness were not significantly larger in the oxytocin, compared to the placebo group (between-group difference: p = .19). Among the secondary outcome measures, treatment-specific improvements were identified in the Repetitive Behavior Scale and State Adult Attachment Measure, indicating reductions in self-reported repetitive behaviors (p = .04) and reduced feelings of avoidance toward others (p = .03) in the oxytocin group compared to the placebo group, up to 1 month and even 1 year post-treatment. Treatment-specific effects were also revealed in screenings of mood states (Profile of Mood States), indicating higher reports of “vigor” (feeling energetic, active, lively) in the oxytocin, compared to the placebo group (p = .03). Conclusions While no treatment-specific improvements were evident in terms of core social symptoms, the current observations of long-term beneficial effects on repetitive behaviors and feelings of avoidance are promising and suggestive of a therapeutic potential of oxytocin treatment for ASD. However, given the exploratory nature of this pilot study, future studies are warranted to evaluate the long-term effects of OT administration further. Trial registration The trial was registered with the European Clinical Trial Registry (Eudract 2014-000586-45) on January 22, 2014 (https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/trial/2014-000586-45/BE).

Purpose: To assess knowledge, attitudes, and social responsiveness toward COVID-19 among Chinese medical students.Methods: Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data from 889 medical students in three well-known Chinese medical universities. The questionnaire was comprised of three domains which consisted of demographic characteristic collection, seven items for knowledge, and eight items for attitudes and social responsiveness toward COVID-19. Data from different universities were lumped together and were divided into different groups to compare the differences, including (1) students at the clinical learning stage (Group A) or those at the basic-medicine stage (Group B) and (2) students who have graduated and worked (Group C) or those newly enrolled (Group D).Results: Medical students at group B had a weaker knowledge toward COVID-19 than did students at group A, especially in the question of clinical manifestations (p < 0.001). The percentage of totally correct answers of COVID-19 knowledge in group C was higher than that in Group D (p < 0.001). There were significant differences between groups C and D in the attitudes and social responsiveness toward COVID-19. Surprisingly, we found that the idea of newly enrolled medical students could be easily affected by interventions.Conclusions: In light of this information, medical education should pay attention not only to the cultivation of professional knowledge and clinical skills but also to the positive interventions to better the comprehensive qualities including communicative abilities and empathy.

Intranasal administration of the neuropeptide oxytocin (OT) is increasingly explored as a potential treatment for targeting the core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Previously, interactions of exogenously administered OT with its endogenous production have been demonstrated following single-dose administrations. However, the impact of repeated, long-term OT use on endogenous salivary OT levels is unknown. In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study with between-subject design, 34 adult men with ASD were either assigned to a four-week treatment of once-daily intranasal OT administrations (24 IU) or placebo. Salivary OT samples were obtained before and after the treatment period as well as at two follow-up sessions, four weeks and one year after cessation of the treatment. Receiving OT intranasally but not placebo reliably increased endogenous salivary levels of OT immediately post-treatment and at the follow-up session four weeks post treatment, indicating an interaction between exogenously administered OT and its endogenous production. Notably, increases in salivary OT at the four-week follow-up session were most pronounced in individuals with larger behavioral improvements in ASD social symptoms. These results suggest that OT's positive effects on social behaviors may lead to a self-perpetuating elevation of OT levels through a feed-forward triggering of its own release. Together, the current investigation provides initial evidence that repeated intranasal administration of OT can induce long-lasting changes in endogenous salivary OT levels, presumably through a positive spiral of OT release. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable development means using the present resources in a way that there are enough resources for the future generations. A part of sustainable development comes through social responsiveness which refers to the obligation of an individual towards his society which improves the quality of life and environment around him. In our study, the social responsiveness is analysed through the consumers of the eco-friendly apparels. With the apparel industry being the second largest polluter of the globe, using ecofriendly apparels has become the need of the hour. We want to find out the effect of social responsiveness of eco-friendly apparels towards sustainable development of the whole community. The study was conducted in 'Dehradun' with the age group 18 to 45 years. Survey was done through questionnaires. Sample size of 150 individuals was taken. The descriptive tools used were mean and standard deviation. The inferential tool used was multiple regression analysis. Our research is being conducted to find out the effect of social responsiveness on sustainable development of the society. The research study suggests that there is a considerable degree of effect of social responsiveness on sustainable development of the society with respect to eco-friendly apparels. The apparels industry has caused a lot of environmental hazards over the decades. Eco-friendly apparel is an excellent alternative towards sustainable development, and this can be done through the social responsiveness. Our results show that there is a significant percent of effect of social responsiveness on sustainable development for eco-friendly apparels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Robotic and artificially intelligent (AI) systems are becoming prevalent in our day-to-day lives. As human interaction is increasingly replaced by human–computer and human–robot interaction (HCI and HRI), we occasionally speak and act as though we are blaming or praising various technological devices. While such responses may arise naturally, they are still unusual. Indeed, for some authors, it is the programmers or users—and not the system itself—that we properly hold responsible in these cases. Furthermore, some argue that since directing blame or praise at technology itself is unfitting, designing systems in ways that encourage such practices can only exacerbate the problem. On the other hand, there may be good moral reasons to continue engaging in our natural practices, even in cases involving AI systems or robots. In particular, daily interactions with technology may stand to impact the development of our moral practices in human-to-human interactions. In this paper, we put forward an empirically grounded argument in favor of some technologies being designed for social responsiveness. Although our usual practices will likely undergo adjustments in response to innovative technologies, some systems which we encounter can be designed to accommodate our natural moral responses. In short, fostering HCI and HRI that sustains and promotes our natural moral practices calls for a co-developmental process with some AI and robotic technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]