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This paper investigates the intergenerational influence on financial behavior. Using two national longitudinal studies: the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey Children and Young Adults (NLSCYA) and the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey [...]

Despite recent cross-cultural analyses of sport fandom, work in the field is still limited. To partially fill this research void, the current investigation investigated sport fandom in the United Kingdom, and included cross-cultural comparison with existing data. Four research areas were reviewed: a) sport fan behaviors, b) socialization into the sport fan role, c) identification with the social role of sport fan, and d) team identification. A sample of 252 students at a university in the United Kingdom completed a questionnaire packet assessing demographics, fandom, fan behaviors, team identification, and the impact of various socialization agents. Results revealed gender differences in behavior (e.g., males reported greater levels of participation than females) and both team identification and fandom were significant predictors of fan behavior. The importance of the father as a socialization agent was highlighted throughout the sample, and levels of identification were generally high. Cross-cultural analysis indicated that socialization agents for the UK were more varied than other countries, UK fans were more likely to watch sport live, and UK males were more likely to watch and discuss sport daily. In general, it was demonstrated that UK fan behavior was closer to that of Americans and, in particular, Australian fans, rather than fans in European (Greek and Norwegian) samples., Since Wann and Hamlet (1995) commented upon the lack of literature focused upon the sport fan, there has been a substantial increase in theoretical and empirical research on the subject, [...]

Combining paid work and motherhood is difficult because social institutions are still based on the assumption that these are mutually exclusive. Working mothers manage the tension between work and motherhood daily, and as they do, they establish new social patterns. This paper reports on the findings of a study of 21 middle-class working mothers and argues that they have been unable to challenge the punitive organization of work and motherhood. These mothers use the metaphor of 'balance' to describe how they manage the tension. However, their narratives of the difficulties of managing working motherhood tell a different story. In fact, 'balance' is an ideology, which functions to obscure the contradiction between work and motherhood. La combination du travail paye et la maternite est difficile parce que les institutions sociales sont basees sur la supposition que les deux sont tonjous mutuellement exclusifs. Les meres qui travaillent gerent la tension entre le travail et la maternite chaque jour, et quand elles le font, elles etablissent des nouveaux modeles sociaux. Cette recherche presente les resultats d'une etude de 21 meres qui travaillent de la classe moyenne et soutient qu'elles ont ete incapables de challenger l'organisation punitive du travail et de la maternite. Ces meres utilisent la metaphore de l'equilibre' pour decrire comment elles gerent la tension. Cependant, leurs recits des difficultes de gerer la maternite lorsque les meres travaillent decrit une autre histoire. En fait, l''equilibre' est une ideologie qui fonctionne afin d'obscurcir la contradiction entre le travail et la maternite., OVER THE LAST 50 years feminists have successfully challenged the notion that 'women's nature' suits them to motherhood and is incompatible with ambitions outside of family life. It is now [...]

Aim. To explore the socialization process from staff nurse to clinical faculty member and identify an emerging theory of this process. To identify characteristics essential to the clinical faculty role [...]

We investigated a long-theorized relationship between individual differences in masculine gender socialization and avoidance of vulnerable negative affect. Participants were thirty-six men (faculty, staff, and students, M age = 21.40, [...]

Later-generation Mexican American (third or more) experience diminishing educational gains compared with second-generation Mexican Americans. Positive racial and ethnic socialization (RES) and ethnic identity can facilitate strong academic performance. Using the oral histories of 18 third- and fourth-generation Mexican Americans in the same family, this study describes RES from childhood to young adulthood to understand how RES can be used to improve their academic circumstances. Results indicate that later-generation RES is multidimensional and influenced by varied factors (e.g., historical moment, socioeconomic status). As a result, Mexican Americans develop a dual RES self-schema that lacks academic achievement as a result of both the ethnic and larger community neglecting to positively affect RES and ethnic identity. The author suggests that the ethnic community (families) and larger society need to re-define group membership to incorporate academic achievement.

Enculturation is the degree to which a person adheres to the values and behaviors of an indigenous or ethnic culture. This study was conducted to develop the Enculturation Scale for Filipino Americans (ESFA). Items were generated from a literature review, interviews with 5 Filipino American academic experts, and a survey of 24 cultural informants. Two community samples of Filipino Americans (Ns = 281 and 269) and 1 sample of non-Filipino Americans (N = 84) completed the ESFA. The Filipino American samples also completed existing enculturation/acculturation measures for Asian Americans and measures of subjective well-being. In factor analyses, 3 general enculturation dimensions-Connection With Homeland, Interpersonal Norms, and Conservatism--replicated well across samples. Internal consistency reliability estimates for the ESFA subscales were high, and construct validity was supported by the pattern of relationships with alternative, but less culture-specific, enculturation/ acculturation measures, as well as immigration, generational status, and cultural identity variables. Item response theory methods were used to develop a short form of the ESFA. Keywords: acculturation, enculturation, Filipino Americans, subjective well-being DOI: 10.1037/a0020940

The authors of this study investigated mothers' and fathers' socialization of their children's sadness. The particular focus was an examination of how socialization practices changed when parents' expectancies concerning their child's sadness management abilities were violated. Methods included an experimental manipulation and direct observation of parent-child interactions in 62 families of White. middle-class children in 3rd and 4th grades. Families were randomly assigned to l of 2 conditions. After parents were provided with a description of normative child behavior on a sadness-induction task, feedback was manipulated such that parents in the control condition were told their child had demonstrated typical regulation while parents in the violated-expectancy condition were informed their child did not manage sadness as well as peers. The hypothesis that violated expectancies influence socialization processes was supported, with greater evidence emerging for fathers than mothers. In certain circumstances within the violated-expectancy condition, there was more parental similarity in socialization practices than in the control condition. Further, mother--father comparisons indicated differences in socialization as a function of parent and child gender that were generally consistent with gender stereotypes. Keywords: parenting, emotion regulation, sadness, socialization DOI: 10.1037/a0019851

Using experimental, observational and interview-assessment methods, we examined relations among mother-child discussion skills and suggested strategies for coping with postdivorce interparental conflict in a conflict task, children's memory for those strategies in a later recall interview, and children's self-reported use of coping strategies in response to parental conflict at home. Participants included 50, 9-12 year-old children (50% female, 11% Mexican-American, 81% Euro-American, 8% other) and their mothers. Results indicated that the frequency of suggested coping strategies in the conflict task significantly predicted children's later recall of the same strategies, and recalled strategies significantly predicted children's self-reported use of the same strategies at home. Mothers' and children's discussion skills were less robust predictors of coping, except for secondary control and disengagement coping at-home. Gender and age differences, though few, were consistent with existing literature. Keywords Socialization * Children * Coping * Stress * Conflict * Qualitative methods DOI 10.1007/s10826-009-9314-6

The Six Culture Study and the additional New Samples were the first studies to systematically examine the role of culture in the development of gender differences. Observations of children in their natural environments demonstrated the influential roles of parents, siblings, peers, task assignment, and the environmental setting in determining the course of gender-related learning. Relations between children's experiences and the development of later social behaviors were clarified by examination of differences between cultural groups. Although sometimes not recognized as legacies of this research, many of the culturally determined aspects of socialization revealed in these studies have been incorporated into current research and theory of gender development.

The Six Cultures Study of Socialization (SCSS), launched in the middle of the 20th century, was an unprecedented cross-cultural project of field research on child rearing and development in diverse settings. Nothing quite so ambitious has been attempted since then-more than 50 years on-so the SCSS deserves scholars' attention as an historical landmark that inspired future work and exemplifies the possibilities and problems of comparative research on child development. This article is not a full intellectual history of the project, which would be based on primary documents and a cross-validated oral history, but the reflections of one participant who has remained in this field. The author's focus is on the roots of the SCSS, the project as it was actually carried out and as it changed after the field work was completed, and its implications for future research.

The objective of this study was to evaluate how Swedish parents regard their children's participation in meals. Taped interviews with sixty-two parents, responsible for meals at home, were transcribed and evaluated. This article is restricted to the twenty-one middle class families in the group. Through analysis of the interviews, we evaluated how middle class parents set out to mediate a certain approach to food and eating. Children were simultaneously expected to learn their own family's eating habits and those of society in general. We found that the parents viewed their children's participation in meals as an integration process. These data confirm that demarcation, a classic socialization impulse, is used to teach children their family's eating habits. However, the socialization process also includes diversity, to broaden the child's tastes outside the family, and experimentation, to encourage the child to try new dishes and flavors. Keywords: children, family, food, socialization, Introduction The transmission of family views and habits from parent to child is described by Berger and Luckmann as 'the most important confidence trick that society plays on the individual' [...]

This study addressed intergroup differences in how often U.S. families socialized young children to their ethnic/racial heritage using nationally representative survey data gathered as part of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 1998-1999 (ECLS-K).The sample (N = 18,827) included young White, Black, Hispanic, Asian, Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, American Indian, and multiracial children. Among other things, the authors found that families raising young American Indian children were likely to socialize them frequently to their ethnic/racial heritage. Also, most intergroup differences in frequency of ethnic/racial socialization were robust across child gender and parental education.

In less than two decades, Russians have come to support their regime, but the 2008 world economic crisis questions whether this support can continue. Drawing on a June 2009 New Russia Barometer survey, the article asks how much difference the economic crisis has made for political support. A model with hypotheses about the potential influence on political attitudes of socialization and political performance as well as economic conditions is set out. Statistical analysis is used to compare the importance of macro-economic evaluations of the national economy with microeconomic household conditions. Determinants of regime support in 2009 are compared with pre-crisis NRB surveys. DOI: 10.2747/1060-586X.26.1.38

The purpose of the study was to explore unique experiences and challenges for older men in assisted living (AL) communities. Although evidence suggests that men may socialize differently from women, little is known about how social engagement is experienced by men in long-term care settings. A sequential mixed methods design was used in that a quantitative study (N = 82; men = 21) was followed by qualitative in-depth interviews (N = 29; men = 9). Participants were selected from eight AL communities in a Southern state. Results indicate that men's social worlds are limited and AL practices do not favor men's preferences. Practice implications in AL communities are discussed. KEYWORDS Assisted living, social engagement, older men, mixed methods Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 52:767-783, 2009 Copyright [C] Taylor & Francis Group, LLC ISSN: 0163-4372 print/1540-4048 online DOI: 10.1080/01634370903285541

GAD YAIR, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem 91905, Israel. Key Educational Experiences in Israeli Families: Adventures, Trust and Self-Discovery This paper highlights the importance of key educational experiences for studies of family socialization. It shows that these rare yet decisive educative events constitute opportunities for self-discovery and personal transformation. The empirical investigation is based on a large qualitative study of key educational experiences in Israel, using retrospective accounts provided by adults speaking about their best educational experiences, focusing on episodes that took place in the family. The results suggest that surprising challenges in the family affected self-discovery, and that these outstanding events allowed people to choose new biographical trajectories. Specifically, they point to the centrality of "outward bound" experiences and to the role that the crossing of normative boundaries plays in forming turning points in people's lives. Coupled with an undercurrent of supportive trust, these episodes constituted arenas for biographical turning points and had long lasting effects. Based on these results, the new approach proposed here seeks to complement cumulative models in family socialization literature, and to open up new avenues for research on families and the educational role they play. GAD YAIR, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem 91905, Israel. Key Educational Experiences in Israeli Families: Adventures, Trust and Self-Discovery Cet article souligne l'importance des experiencescles dans 1'etude de la socialisation familiale. Il en ressort qu'il s'agit la d'evenements educatifs decisifs, dormant l'occasion de la decouverte en soi et de sa transfiguration personnelle. Cette recherche empirique se base sur une analyse qualitative etendue, des experiences-cles sur 1'education en Israel, basees sur des experiences vecues par des adultes par rapport a leur meilleures epreuves educationnelles, se concentrant principalement sur des evenements qui se sont passes au sein de leur famille. Il en ressort que des evenements exceptionnels qui se sont passes au sein de leur famille ont affectes leur revelation intime et que des evenements particuliers ont permis a ces gens-la de se choisir des nouvelles voies biographiques. Ils demontrent l'importance des ces experiences "externes" et du role joue par le passage des frontieres normatives, au point de changer extensivement leurs propres vies. Ces episodes, accompagnes par une confiance intuitive et soutenue, constituent des arenes, contenant des points biographiques primordiaux avec des effets de longue portee. En nous basant sur ces resultats, cette nouvelle approche que nous vous proposons id, cherche a completer des modeles cumulatifs dans la litterature, qui se refere a la socialisation familiale, ainsi qu'a ouvrir des nouvelles voies dans la recherche sur la famille et les roles qu'ils jouent dans le domaine de 1'education. GAD YAIR, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem 91905, Israel. Key Educational Experiences in Israeli Families: Adventures, Trust and Self-Discovery El siguiente articulo destaca la importancia de experiencias educativas clave para los estudios sobre socialization familiar. El articulo demuestra que estos eventos poco frecuentes pero a la vez decisivos presentan oportunidades de descubrimiento y transformation personal. La investigation empirics esta basada en un exlenso estudio cualitativo acerca de experiencias educativas clave en Israel, el cual utiliza relates retrospectivos de adultos sobre sus mejores experiencias educativas y se centra en episodios que tuvieron lugar en la familia. Los resultados sugieren que la experiencia de descubrimiento personal se ve afectada por desaffos sorpresivos en la familia y que estos eventos extraordinarios permiten a quienes los viven elegir nuevas trayectorias biograficas. En particular, los resultados senalan la importancia de actividades al aire libre y el papel que la transgresion de limites normativos juega en la creation de puntos de transition en las vidas de las personas. Si a esto se suma un trasfondo de confianza y apoyo, podemos ver que estos episodios constituyen escenarios propicios para la aparicion de puntos de transicion en la biografia de las personas y que tienen efectos duraderos. Basandose en estos resultados, el nuevo enfoque aqui propuesto busca complementar modelos acumulativos existentes en la literatura sobre socializacion familiar y abrir nuevas rutas de investigacion sobre la familia y el rol educativo que esta desempena., INTRODUCTION This paper seeks to highlight the importance of key educational experiences for studies of family socialization. It accentuates the role of rare yet decisive educative events, and shows that […]

A study was conducted to examine changes in newcomers' perceived supervisor support and socialization outcomes. These outcomes include work mastery, role clarity, job satisfaction, and salary. Findings indicate that newcomers' perceived supervisor support declined during the period 6 to 21 months after organizational entry.

Byline: Enrique W. Neblett (1), Ciara P. Smalls (1), Kahlil R. Ford (2), HA2a X. Nguyen (2), Robert M. Sellers (2) Keywords: African American; Racial socialization; Racial identity; Adolescence Abstract: This study uses two waves of data to examine the relationships among patterns of racial socialization experiences and racial identity in a sample of 358 African American adolescents (60% female and 40% male). Using latent class analyses, we identified three patterns of adolescent-reported racial socialization experiences: High Positive, Moderate Positive, and Low Frequency. Adolescent-reported racial socialization experiences at Wave 1 were associated with Wave 2 adolescent racial identity approximately one year later. Specifically, High Positive and Low Frequency racial socialization were associated with racial centrality, assimilationist ideology, and nationalist ideology. These findings suggest that various patterns of racial socialization practices play an important role in the developing significance and meaning that African American adolescents ascribe to race. Author Affiliation: (1) Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina, 250 Davie Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3270, USA (2) University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Article History: Registration Date: 17/10/2008 Received Date: 02/08/2008 Accepted Date: 17/10/2008 Online Date: 11/11/2008

Because adult Korean-born adoptees have unique experiences, the factors that contribute to their psychological well-being need to be studied separately from both Caucasian and Korean Americans. In this Internet-based study with 83 adult Korean-born adoptees in the United States, both ethnic identity and adjustment to adoption (considered a component of adoptive identity) were expected to predict psychological well-being. Results supported predictions: Each measure of psychological well-being (personal growth, self-acceptance, and positive relationships with others) was affected by the predictive variables in unique ways. Cultural socialization experiences also were related to personal growth, but this association was fully mediated by strength of ethnic identity. Implications for adoptive parents and counselors are discussed. Keywords: ethnic identity, Korean-born adoptees, transracial adoptees, psychological well-being, cultural socialization

Since its inception in 1845, the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland, has often faced the challenge of balancing technical and professional training demands of the naval service against the social and cultural conditions of an increasingly complex world. Despite the institution's attempts to address the multiple demands of the social and military contexts, the study of behavioral science in general, and sociology in particular, has been until recently largely absent. In response to challenges and deficiencies associated with its educational program, the Naval Academy has undertaken a path of reform to balance professional training with the need to educate graduates as competent and effective leaders. This article addresses some of the institutional, organizational, and curricular changes at the Naval Academy, with a focus on the inclusion and development of courses in human behavior and sociology as a means to study this process of leadership education. Keywords:behavioral science; curriculum; education; leadership; Naval Academy; socialization

A Social Stories[TM] intervention package was used to teach 2 students with autism to read Social Stories, answer comprehension questions, and engage in role plays. Appropriate social behaviors increased and inappropriate behaviors decreased for both participants, and the effects were maintained for up to 10 months. This intervention package appears to be useful in inclusive classroom environments and does not require intensive supervision of the child's behavior. DESCRIPTORS: autism, inclusion classroom, role play, social skills training, Social Stories

Given the lack of appropriate theoretical analysis in past research on parenting, this article aims to offer solid theoretical explanation for the effectiveness of authoritative parenting over authoritarian parenting by introducing the behavioral-structural model based on the principle of cost equalization. The results of computer simulation using the new theoretical model demonstrate that authoritarian parenting leads to development of a competitive/hostile structure where the child's spontaneous initiation is discouraged and the overall support within the dyad decreases, whereas authoritative parenting leads to development of a cooperative/friendly structure where the child's spontaneous initiation is encouraged and the overall support within the dyad increases. Implications of child socialization in competitive versus cooperative structures as predicted by the new theoretical model are also discussed. KEYWORDS. Child socialization, cost equalization principal, dyadic interaction, parenting style

Selection and socialization have been implicated in friendship homophily, but the relative contributions of each are difficult to measure simultaneously because of the nonindependent nature of the data. To address this problem, the authors applied a multiple-groups longitudinal actor--partner interdependence model (D. A. Kashy & D. A. Kenny, 2000) for distinguishable dyads to 3 consecutive years of intoxication frequency data from a large community-based sample of Swedish youth. Participants, ranging from 12 to 18 years old (M = 14.35, SD = 1.56) at the start of the study, included 902 adolescents (426 girls and 476 boys) with at least one reciprocated friend during at least one time point and 212 adolescents (84 girls and 128 boys) without reciprocated friends at any time. Similarity estimates indicated strong effects for selection and socialization in friends' intoxication frequency. Over time, younger members of these dyads bad less stable patterns of intoxication than older members, largely because younger partners changed their drinking behavior to resemble that of older partners. Keywords: homophily, actor--partner interdependence model, friendship formation, non-independence

THE TRANSMISSION OF ATTITUDES Socialization as the source of continuity between generations and a buffer for social change has received much attention over more than a century (Beck, Bruner, and […]

A study was conducted to analyze the pattern of socializing dynamics at a mixer attended by around 100 business people, and to examine whether individuals in minimally structured social events can initiate new and different contacts. Findings indicate that guests did not mix as much as might be expected in terms of making new contacts.

Racial and ethnic socialization are an integral part of African American parenting strategies. Varied conceptualizations and operationalizations of racial and ethnic socialization exist within the literature with limited evidence of the validity of existing measures. The purpose of this study is to develop a comprehensive definition of racial and ethnic socialization and to validate a new measure termed the Adolescent Racial and Ethnic Socialization Scale (ARESS). Using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), findings from 218 African American adolescents (grades 9-12) support the multidimensional nature of racial and ethnic socialization. Results also indicate that racial and ethnic socialization are distinct constructs reflecting the utility of this instrument for African American youth. Keywords African American parenting x African American adolescents x Confirmatory factor analysis x Racial socialization x Ethnic socialization x Adolescent Racial and Ethnic Socialization Scale (ARESS)

Data from the Intergenerational Panel Study of Parents and Children are used to investigate direct and indirect influences of parents' marital dissolution on adult children's attitudes toward cohabitation. Results suggest that parents' marital dissolution during childhood increases children's support for cohabitation at age 18, and the influence is greatest when the parents' divorce is followed by remarriage. The analyses show that the influence of parents' marital dissolution is partially transmitted by parents' attitudes about cohabitation, parents' and children's religious involvement, and children's sexual behavior during adolescence. The influence of parents' marital dissolution on children's attitudes toward cohabitation weakens as the children age from 18 to 31. doi:10.1300/J087v46n03_08 KEYWORDS. Cohabitation, divorce, life course, marriage, socialization

Previous findings suggest that cultural factors influence ideal affect (i.e., the affective states that people ideally want to feel). Three studies tested the hypothesis that cultural differences in ideal affect emerge early in life and are acquired through exposure to storybooks. In Study 1, the authors established that consistent with previous findings, European American preschoolers preferred excited (vs. calm) states more (indexed by activity and smile preferences) and perceived excited (vs. calm) states as happier than Taiwanese Chinese preschoolers. In Study 2, it was observed that similar differences were reflected in the pictures (activities, expressions, and smiles) of best-selling storybooks in the United States and Taiwan. Study 3 found that across cultures, exposure to exciting (vs. calm) storybooks altered children's preferences for excited (vs. calm) activities and their perceptions of happiness. These findings suggest that cultural differences in ideal affect may be due partly to differential exposure to calm and exciting storybooks. Keywords: culture; socialization; emotion; children; values

Recently, there has been an emergence of literature on the mechanisms through which parents transmit information, values, and perspectives about ethnicity and race to their children, commonly referred to as racial or ethnic socialization. This literature has sought to document the nature of such socialization, its antecedents in parents' and children's characteristics and experiences, and its consequences for children's well-being and development. In this article, the authors integrate and synthesize what is known about racial and ethnic socialization on the basis of current empirical research, examining studies concerning its nature and frequency; its child, parent, and ecological predictors; and its consequences for children's development, including ethnic identity, self-esteem, coping with discrimination, academic achievement, and psychosocial well-being. The authors also discuss conceptual and methodological limitations of the literature and suggest directions for future research. Keywords: socialization, child-rearing practices, racial and ethnic groups, intergroup dynamics, ethnic identity

A study is conducted on Israeli kibbutz members to observe the level of cooperation between them and the cooperation with city residents.

Ecological barriers like racism and discrimination can weigh heavily on the shifting emotions of adolescents. We investigated the relationship of racial socialization experiences to the depression symptoms of 160 Black adolescents, including lethargy, low self-esteem, cognitive difficulties, social introversion, irritability, guilt, pessimism, sad mood, instrumental helplessness, and overall depression. Cultural pride socialization was inversely related to adolescent reports of lethargy and low self-esteem while alertness to discrimination socialization was positively related to instrumental helplessness and gender differences were found. Multiple regression findings showed that racial socialization experiences add significantly more predictability of depression symptoms over and above gender, neighborhood risk and resources. Recommendations for the family, mental health professionals and for the development of culturally relevant social interventions are provided. KEYWORDS: racial socialization; adolescents; depression; ecology; gender.

In this study we investigated whether the content of race socialization messages varied by birth cohort, using data from a national probability sample. Most respondents recalled receiving messages about what it means to be black from their parents or guardians; these messages were coded into five mutually exclusive content categories: individual pride, racial group pride, deference to and fear of whites, color-blind, and whites are prejudiced. We examined three birth cohorts: pre-Brown v. Board of Education, protest, and post-protest. The content of messages varied significantly by cohort. For example, messages conveying deference to and fear of whites were more likely to be transmitted to children coming of age during the pre-Brown v. Board of Education era. We also found that respondents' current racial attitudes were correlated with messages they received during childhood.

Research on contextual and neighborhood effects has grown exponentially over the past decade as researchers have reacknowledged that community matters. Although empirical findings have consistently documented the significant influence of neighborhood context, the field is just beginning to investigate the varied and multiple pathways through which this influence is transmitted. The current study found support for both a direct and indirect influence of perceived neighborhood structural characteristics (i.e., neighborhood stability, income), measured at the block level, on neighborhood and youth outcomes. Directly, perceived neighborhood advantage led to significantly lower neighborhood rates of official delinquency and higher rates of prosocial activity. Indirectly, perceived neighborhood advantage significantly impacted outcomes by influencing more proximal constructs such as community social organization, informal social control, parenting practices, and affiliation with delinquent peers. Different pathways were significant across neighborhood and youth outcomes, yet perceived neighborhood advantage, in particular neighborhood stability, consistently exerted substantial effects, highlighting the need for more comprehensive and multilevel prevention efforts. KEY WORDS: social disorganization; collective socialization; community social organization; delinquency; sense of community; parenting.

The authors hypothesized that training in Oriental medicine would make students think in a more holistic way. Study 1 found that students of Oriental medicine exhibited a cyclic expectation of future change, a key characteristic of holistic thinking, more than did students in other majors, such that the former, not the latter, believed that if something was going up or going down, it would reverse its direction in the future. Study 2 found that students in Oriental medicine also possessed a more complex causal belief and hence considered a greater amount of information in causal attribution than did students in other majors. More important, such a complex causal belief increased with the length of training in Oriental medicine. Implications and future research are discussed. Keywords: holistic thinking; culture; Oriental medicine; socialization; training effect

The present study examined the role of the developmental coordination disorder in 154 children's socialization and the expression of deviant behaviors in the context of Greek primary education. For assessment of their motor coordination, the Movement Assessment Battery for Children of Henderson and Sugden was used. The peer nomination method (sociogram) was used for the estimation of children's social status, and the expression of deviant behaviors was assessed via Conners' Teacher Questionnaire. Analyses showed that developmental coordination disorder was associated with poor socialization and the expression of deviant behaviors. These findings support the development of educational programs to include children with poor motor coordination.

This paper argues that social selection, materialist/structural and cultural/behavioural explanations for social inequalities in health are related to each other through the mechanism of socialization, seen here as a process through which societies shape patterns of behaviour and being that then affect health. Socialization involves the inter- and intragenerational transfer of attitudes, beliefs and behaviours. Parallels between socialization theory and Bourdieu's concept of habitus are also drawn, and the implications for social epidemiology are discussed. Four key areas that would benefit from research within the socialization framework are identified: health behaviours, psychological vulnerability, social skills and future time perspective. Keywords: Health inequalities; Habitus; Socialization; Socio-economic position; Life course

In a variety of fields, particularly human service occupations, the management of emotion is a precondition of employee and client well being. Based on qualitative data from participant observation and interviews, this study examines how firefighters are socialized to manage feelings and emotional displays. It concludes that firefighters recognized a need to manage their own emotions and those of their clients in order to deliver adequate service. Veteran firefighters facilitated the use of emotion labor techniques among newcomers by considering the emotion management knowledge and capabilities of job candidates during employee selection processes, providing habituated emotional events, and reinforcing customer service expectations. Newcomers actively participated in their own socialization to local emotion expectations through observational information seeking, retrospective surveillance, and performance of a normative newcomer role demeanor. The article concludes by offering practical and theoretical implications. Keywords: Emotion Management; Emotion Labor; Socialization; Proactivity; Emergency Response Personnel; Human Services

Dans cet article, l'auteur presente quelques resultats d'une enquete d'approche qualitative menee aupres de jeunes adultes de la region montrealaise sur la notion << ethique >> de responsabilite lors du passage a l'age adulte. Le point de vue des acteurs sur leur definition de l'age adulte et de la notion de responsabilite individuelle y est presente. Il est demontre que l'experience de responsabilite, definie selon les interviewes par le souci pour autrui et la prise d'engagements dans les trajectoires familiales, professionnelles et residentielles, participe au processus de socialisation propre au moment de l'entree dans l'age adulte., This paper presents results of qualitative research on the ethical notion of responsibility in the context of young adults' lives. The author presents an analysis of in-depth interviews with young [...]

In a recent volume of American Antiquity, Hodder and Cessford (2004) suggested that various aspects of the domestic architecture at Catalhoyuk reflect a concern for the construction of social memory and social regulations through daily, habituated practices. The authors note that domestic architecture provides a locus for the construction of social memory in ethnographically documented 'house societies' (e.g., Carsten and Hugh-Jones 1995; Joyce and Gillespie 2000) and imply that a similar pattern was prevalent during the Neolithic at Catalhoyuk. While not disputing the general premises of this suggestion, I argue that ethnoarchaeological work in two house societies in Indonesia (West Sumba and Tana Toraja) can provide further, more detailed insight and some alternate perspectives on the social system of Neolithic Catalhoyuk, particularly in relation to notions of 'daily practice' and the critical role of feasting in these societies. En un volumen reciente de American Antiquity, Hodder y Cessford (2004) sugirieron que varios aspectos de la arquitectura domestica en Catalhoyuk reflejan un interns en la construccion de la memoria social y de las normas sociales mediante las practicas cotidianas y habituales. Los autores observan que la arquitectura domestica provee un espacio para la construccion de la memoria social dentro de las' sociedades de casa' que se han documentado etnograficamente (p.ej. Carsten y Hugh-Jones 1995; Joyce y Gillespie 2000 *) y dan a entender que un modelo semejante prevalecia durante el Neolitico en Catalhoyuk. Aunque no discuto las premisas generales de esta sugerencia, sostengo que el trabajo etnoarqueologico dentro de dos sociedades de casa en Indonesia (West Sumba y Tana Toraja) pueden proveer un entendimiento mas profundo y algunas perspectivas alternativas sobre el sistema social del Catalhoyuk neolitico, especialmente con relacion a ideas de 'lo cotidiano' y el papel crucial del banquete en estas sociedades., Several aspects of the household architecture at Neolithic Catalhoyuk are cited by Hodder and Cessford (2004) as evidence that the construction and control of social memory was manifested in domestic [...]

Four experiments confirmed that women's automatic in-group bias is remarkably stronger than men's and investigated explanations for this sex difference, derived from potential sources of implicit attitudes (L. A. Rudman, 2004). In Experiment 1, only women (not men) showed cognitive balance among in-group bias, identity, and self-esteem (A. G. Greenwald et al., 2002), revealing that men lack a mechanism that bolsters automatic own group preference. Experiments 2 and 3 found pro-female bias to the extent that participants automatically favored their mothers over their fathers or associated male gender with violence, suggesting that maternal bonding and male intimidation influence gender attitudes. Experiment 4 showed that for sexually experienced men, the more positive their attitude was toward sex, the more they implicitly favored women. In concert, the findings help to explain sex differences in automatic in-group bias and underscore the uniqueness of gender for intergroup relations theorists.

The Hughes Award, a premier award of the Careers Division of the Academy of Management, is given in honor of the eminent sociologist Everett Cherrington Hughes, for research on building of bridges and the forging of links between fields of social enquiry. The work shows that career movement subjects the occupant to multiple social pressures and more study is needed on occupational communities to understand the norms around information exchange.

Byline: John C. Weidman (1), Elizabeth L. Stein (2) Keywords: graduate students; doctoral students; socialization; faculty impact; departmental climate; academic norms; scholarly research Abstract: Using the framework for graduate and professional student socialization developed by Weidman, Twale, and Stein (2001), this study addresses socialization of doctoral students to the academic norms of research and scholarship. Data are presented about the perceptions doctoral students in a social science discipline (sociology) and in educational foundations at a major research university have of the scholarly and collegial climates of their departments. Data on students' social relationships with faculty and peers as well as their reported participation in scholarly activities are also reported. A multivariate analysis provides support for the framework, affirming the importance of social interaction among both students and faculty as well as collegiality among faculty for creating a supportive climate for doctoral study that also has the potential to provide a strong foundation for subsequent academic and/or research careers by stimulating students' research and scholarly productivity. Author Affiliation: (1) Department of Administrative and Policy Studies, School of Education, University of Pittsburgh, 5S01 Posvar Hall, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260 (2) University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA Article History: Registration Date: 03/10/2004

This study used data from the British National Child Development Study (NCDS) to examine the role of parental socialization in offspring materialist and postmaterialist values in adult life. It was found that for both genders, educational attainment was positively associated with postmaterialist values. Poor relations with father in adolescence and absence of partner in adult life predicted postmaterialist values in women, and religiosity and absence of financial difficulties in childhood predicted materialist values in men.

This review considers the impact of exposure to community violence on sociomoral development within the African American community. Common sequelae of covictimization, as well as cultural experiences of the African American community, frame a discussion of the implications of covictimization for the development of moral reasoning. Recommendations for future research and intervention are provided.

Studies of child socialization in the Caribbean are rare and the knowledge of such issues are at best fragmented. This study responds to the need for additional studies of the interactional features of Caribbean families and investigates the cognitive bases of socialization practices in the Caribbean region. Specifically, the study investigates the hierarchy of thirteen socialization values and the factors that differentiate their relative ranking. Using a sample of adults in the greater Georgetown area in Guyana, N=654 and a split ballot quasi-experiment, socialization values preferred for 10 year-old, 13 year-old, and 16 year-old children are described. Though a clear pattern of generalized values emerged, the study uncovered subtle and important gender of child, gender of respondent differences as well as variation along a developmental continuum. Though not consistent as hypothesized, some socio-economic differences were also observed in socialization preferences. The need for further investigation of socialization values and practices are noted. Les recherches de la socialisation de l'enfant venant de la caraibe sont rares et la connaissance de tels resultats est en effet fragmentee. Cette recherche repond au besoin d'une etude plus avancee concernant les caracteristiques relatives aux families antillaises et investige les bases cognitives des pratiques en matiere de socialisation de la region de la caraibe. Particulierement, cette etude fait des investigations sur la hierarchie des treize valeurs de socialisation et les facteurs qui differeneient leur rang respective. En utilisant un certain numbre d'adultes situes dans la region de la ville de Georgetown en Guyanne, N=654 et une partie des resultats d'une quasiexperimentation, les valeurs de socialisation preferees pour des enfants ages de dix ans, de treize ans et de seize ans sont decrites. En depit du fait qu'un model clair des valeurs generalisees, les recherches ont decouvert un genre substil et important de l'enfant, genre de differences repondantes aussi bien que des changements tout au long d'un continuum developrnentale. Bien qu'inconsistant en rant d'hypothese, quelques differences socioeconomiques ont ete observees dans les preferences de socialisation. En effet, la necessite d'une recherche supplementaire au sujet des valeures et des pratiques de socialisation est remarquable., INTRODUCTION Studies of kinship organization and the structural features of family dominate the literature on Caribbean families (Smith, 1956; Clarke, 1966; Smith, 1965; Rubenstein, 1983; Gonzales, 1969; Otterbein, 1965). However, […]