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11. Tropheryma whipplei as a cause of epidemic fever, Senegal, 2010-2012

Author

Bassene, Hubert, Mediannikov, Oleg, Socolovschi, Cristina, Ratmanov, Pavel, Keita, Alpha K., Sokhna, Cheikh, Raoult, Didier, and Fenollar, Florence

Subjects
Actinomycetales -- Health aspects, Epidemics -- Causes of -- Senegal, Fever -- Causes of, Hyperthermia -- Causes of, Health
Abstract

Determining the etiologic causes of febrile illness in tropical settings provides public health and local community benefits. In the context of a decline in malaria cases in many parts of [...]

Published
2016
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17. Murine Typhus, Reunion, France, 2011-2013

Author

Balleydier, Elsa, Camuset, Guillaume, Socolovschi, Cristina, Moiton, Marie-Pierre, Kuli, Barbara, Foucher, Aurelie, Poubeau, Patrice, Borgherini, Gianandrea, Wartel, Guillaume, Audin, Hela, Raoult, Didier, Filleul, Laurent, Parola, Philippe, and Pages, Frederic

Subjects
Infection -- Health aspects, Health
Abstract

Murine typhus, an acute zoonotic infection caused by Rickettsia typhi (1), occurs worldwide. It is under-diagnosed and largely underreported because of its nonspecific characteristics and frequently mild course, a lack [...]

Published
2015
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26. Borrelia crocidurae infection in acutely febrile patients, Senegal

Author

Mediannikov, Oleg, Socolovschi, Cristina, Bassene, Hubert, Diatta, Georges, Ratmanov, Pavel, Fenollar, Florence, Sokhna, Cheikh, and Raoult, Didier

Subjects
Infection -- Health aspects, Malaria -- Health aspects, Health
Abstract

As malaria cases decrease, the need for programs to study the roles of other causes of febrile syndromes in Africa increases (1). Other causes of fever in outpatients include typhoid [...]

Published
2014
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27. Common epidemiology of Rickettsia felis infection and malaria, Africa

Author

Mediannikov, Oleg, Socolovschi, Cristina, Edouard, Sophie, Fenollar, Florence, Mouffok, Nadjet, Bassene, Hubert, Diatta, Georges, Tall, Adama, Niangaly, Hamidou, Doumbo, Ogobara, Lekana-Douki, Jean Bernard, Znazen, Abir, Sarih, M'hammed, Ratmanov, Pavel, Richet, Herve, Ndiath, Mamadou O., Sokhna, Cheikh, Parola, Philippe, and Raoult, Didier

Subjects
Infection -- Health aspects -- Analysis, Malaria -- Health aspects -- Analysis, Epidemiology -- Health aspects -- Analysis, Health
Abstract

Investigations examining the etiologic spectrum of fever of unknown origin in Africa rapidly progressed during 2008-2011 (1-3), providing increased knowledge about bacterial infections. Bacterial agents that have been most frequently [...]

Published
2013
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28. Chemical characterization and acaricide potential of essential oil from aerial parts of Tagetes patula L. (Asteraceae) against engorged adult females of Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806)

Author

Politi, Flávio Augusto Sanches, de Souza-Moreira, Tatiana Maria, Rodrigues, Edvânio Ramos, de Queiroz, Geisiany Maria, Figueira, Glyn Mara, Januário, Ana Helena, Berenger, Jean-Michel, Socolovschi, Cristina, Parola, Philippe, and Pietro, Rosemeire Cristina Linhari Rodrigues

Published
2013
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29. Borrelia, Rickettsia, and ehrlichia species in bat ticks, France, 2010

Author

Socolovschi, Cristina, Kernif, Tahar, Raoult, Didier, and Parola, Philippe

Subjects
Ehrlichia -- Identification and classification, Bats -- Diseases and pests, Borrelia -- Identification and classification, Ticks -- Research, Rickettsia -- Identification and classification, Health
Abstract

Ticks are obligate hematophagous arthropods that are considered to be second only to mosquitoes as vectors of agents that cause diseases in humans (1). Ticks parasitize every class of vertebrates [...]

Published
2012
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31. Identification of rickettsial infections by using cutaneous swab specimens and PCR

Author

Bechah, Yassina, Socolovschi, Cristina, and Raoult, Didier

Subjects
Disease transmission -- Health aspects -- Control, Polymerase chain reaction -- Usage, Rickettsial diseases -- Risk factors -- Genetic aspects -- Diagnosis -- Research, Health
Abstract

Rickettsiae are a group of obligate, intracellular, gram-negative bacteria. The family Rickettsiaceae includes the genera Rickettsia and Orientia (1). Rickettsiae are transmitted to humans by arthropods (2) and cause diseases [...]

Published
2011
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32. Spotted fever group rickettsiae in Ticks, Morocco

Author

Sarih, Mhammed, Socolovschi, Cristina, Boudebouch, Najma, Hassar, Mohammed, Raoult, Didier, and Parola, Philippe

Subjects
Company distribution practices, Polymerase chain reaction -- Usage, Polymerase chain reaction -- Methods, Rickettsia -- Health aspects, Rickettsia -- Diagnosis, Rickettsia -- Distribution, Rickettsia -- Control, Ticks -- Health aspects
Abstract

A total of 370 ticks, encompassing 7 species from 4 genera, were collected during 2002-2006 from domestic animals and vegetation in the Taza region of northeastern Morocco. Rickettsial DNA was [...]

Published
2008

33. List of Contributors

Author

Acuin, Jose M, primary, Adam, Rodney D, additional, Agbenyega, Tsiri, additional, Ahmed, AM Shamsir, additional, Ahmed, Tahmeed, additional, Ali, S Asad, additional, Anstead, Gregory M, additional, Armah, George E, additional, Aston, Stephen J, additional, Ballard, Ronald C, additional, Barnett, Elizabeth D, additional, Bates, Imelda, additional, Beadling, Charles W, additional, Beeching, Nicholas J, additional, Bennish, Michael L, additional, Bern, Caryn, additional, Bia, Frank J, additional, Bird, Brian H, additional, Bloom, Allyson K, additional, Bodeker, Gerard, additional, Bradsher, Robert W, additional, Broek, Nynke van den, additional, Brooker, Simon, additional, Brooks, John T, additional, Brooks, W Abdullah, additional, Brouqui, Philippe, additional, Brown, Michael, additional, Bruschi, Fabrizio, additional, Bundy, Donald AP, additional, Bunnag, Danai, additional, Caballero, Benjamin, additional, Callahan, Michael V, additional, Camerlin, Aulasa J, additional, Campbell, Grant L, additional, Carapetis, Jonathan R, additional, Carrol, Enitan D, additional, Caumes, Eric, additional, Charrel, Remi N, additional, Checkley, Anna M, additional, Chhabra, Mala, additional, Chher, Tepirou, additional, Chiong, Charlotte M, additional, Chisti, M Jobayer, additional, Christiani, David C, additional, Connor, Bradley A, additional, Cooper, Edward S, additional, Cooper, Philip J, additional, Coughlin, R Richard, additional, Cross, John H, additional, Cunliffe, Nigel N, additional, Danta, Mark, additional, Day, Nicholas PJ, additional, Dekumyoy, Paron, additional, deSilva, Nilanthi, additional, Deye, Gregory, additional, Dillingham, Rebecca, additional, Doorn, H Rogier van, additional, Doudier, Barbara, additional, Drancourt, Michel, additional, Dromer, Françoise, additional, Eddleston, Michael, additional, El-Kamary, Samer S, additional, Farrar, Jeremy, additional, Fawzi, Wafaie, additional, Feasey, Nicholas A, additional, Field, Vanessa, additional, Fischer, Marc, additional, Fisher-Hoch, Susan, additional, Forsyth, Kevin, additional, Fox, LeAnne M, additional, Friedlander, Arthur M, additional, Galdos-Cardenas, Gerson, additional, Garcia, Hector H, additional, Garcia, Lynne S, additional, Geretti, Anna-Maria, additional, Gikas, Achilleas, additional, Gilman, Robert H, additional, Gonzalez, Victor Javier Sanchez, additional, Gordon, Melita A, additional, Gosselin, Richard A, additional, Graham, Stephen M, additional, Grant, Alison D, additional, Gray, James J, additional, Graybill, John R, additional, Graz, Bertrand, additional, Green, Stephen, additional, Griffiths, Jeffrey K, additional, Gryseels, Bruno, additional, Gubler, Duane J, additional, Guhadasan, Rathi, additional, Hall, Aron J, additional, Hamer, Davidson, additional, Harley, David, additional, Harris, Jason B, additional, Hartman, Amy L, additional, Hassall, Oliver, additional, Hay, Roderick J, additional, Heyns, Chris F, additional, Hill, David R, additional, Hobdell, Martin H, additional, Hoed, Caroline M den, additional, Holtz, Meredith L, additional, Hossain, M Iqbal, additional, Hotez, Peter J, additional, Houpt, Eric R, additional, Howard, Cynthia R, additional, Hung, Chien-Ching, additional, Islam, Munirul, additional, Joekes, Elizabeth, additional, Johnston, Victoria, additional, Kampondeni, Sam, additional, Kang, Gagandeep, additional, Kazanjian, Powel, additional, Keystone, Jay S, additional, Khan, Wasif Ali, additional, Kim, Arthur Y, additional, King, Christopher L, additional, Klion, Amy D, additional, Knight, Richard, additional, Krause, Peter James, additional, Krishna, Sanjeev, additional, Kuipers, Ernst J, additional, LaBeaud, Angelle D, additional, Lalloo, David G, additional, Lamballerie, Xavier De, additional, Lambert, Saba, additional, LaRocque, Regina C, additional, Lawrenson, John, additional, Levine, Myron M, additional, Libraty, Daniel H, additional, Lockwood, Diana NJ, additional, Lommerse, Kinke M, additional, Lortholary, Olivier, additional, López-Vélez, Rogelio, additional, Lopman, Benjamin A, additional, Mabey, David, additional, Magill, Alan J., additional, Maguiña, Ciro, additional, Mahmood, Syed Faisal, additional, Maitland, Kathryn, additional, Manji, Hadi, additional, Marston, Barbara J, additional, Mathew, Anu, additional, Mathews, Christine E, additional, Maurin, Max, additional, Maurtua-Neumann, Paola J, additional, Mayaud, Philippe, additional, Mayosi, Bongani M, additional, McCormick, Joseph B, additional, McKew, Stephen, additional, McLellan, Susan LF, additional, McMinn, Peter C, additional, Mega, Joseph D, additional, Meier, Donald E, additional, Million, Matthieu, additional, Mittal, Veena, additional, Molyneux, Elizabeth M, additional, Montgomery, Susan P, additional, Morera, Pedro, additional, Moro, Pedro L, additional, Moss, William J, additional, Murrell, K Darwin, additional, Nakagomi, Osamu, additional, Nakagomi, Toyoko, additional, Nanda, Neha, additional, Nataro, James P, additional, Navaro, Eileen E, additional, Neafie, Ronald C, additional, Negroni, Ricardo, additional, Nelson, Ann M, additional, Newton, Paul N, additional, Newton, Robert, additional, Nichol, Stuart T, additional, Norman, Francesca F, additional, Nunes, Marcio RT, additional, Nutman, Thomas B, additional, Oberhelman, Richard A, additional, Oldfield, Edward C, additional, Ordaya, Eloy E, additional, Paddock, Christopher D, additional, Paessler, Slobodan, additional, Papanikolaou, Ilias C, additional, Pappas, Georgios, additional, Paris, Luc, additional, Parola, Philippe, additional, Parry, Christopher M, additional, Patel, Manish M, additional, Peacock, Sharon J, additional, Peeling, Rosanna, additional, Persson, Hans, additional, Peters, Philip J, additional, Phillips, Jonathan J, additional, Phillips, Richard O, additional, Qamar, Farah Naz, additional, Rahman, Atif, additional, Rajab, Jamilla, additional, Raoult, Didier, additional, Rein, Michael F, additional, Renvoisé, Aurélié, additional, Reynes, Jean-Marc, additional, Richards, Frank O, additional, Richens, John, additional, Rimoin, Anne W, additional, Riviello, Robert, additional, Rodrigues, Ema G, additional, Ronald, Allan R, additional, Rosenthal, Benjamin M, additional, Rosmarin, David, additional, Ruiz-Tiben, Ernesto, additional, Ryan, Edward T, additional, Saha, Debasish, additional, Saavedra, Arturo, additional, Schantz, Peter M, additional, Schountz, Tony, additional, Schumacher, Sandra K, additional, Sejvar, James J, additional, Sethi, Aisha, additional, Seung, Kwonjune J, additional, Sharma, Om Prakash, additional, Sharp, Trueman W, additional, Shankar, Anuraj H, additional, Shin, Sonya S, additional, Shlim, David R, additional, Sickels, Nicholas J van, additional, Sitas, Freddy, additional, Snelling, Thomas L, additional, Socolovschi, Cristina, additional, Solomon, Tom, additional, Staples, J Erin, additional, Stewart, Robert C, additional, Stich, August, additional, Strickland, G Thomas, additional, Suh, Kathryn N, additional, Suhrbier, Andreas, additional, Supparatpinyo, Khuanchai, additional, Sutcliffe, Catherine G, additional, Swierczewski, Brett E, additional, Tarpley, John L, additional, Taylor, Hugh R, additional, Taylor, Terrie, additional, Thomas, Harry J, additional, Thwaites, C Louise, additional, Thwaites, Guy E, additional, Tiwari, Tejpratap SP, additional, Tu, Phan Van, additional, Turner, Angus W, additional, Vannier, Edouard, additional, Vasconcelos, Pedro FC, additional, Vega-López, Fransisco, additional, Velarde, Jorge J, additional, Vietri, Nicholas J, additional, Visvesvara, Govinda S, additional, Vyas, Keyur S, additional, Wakeham, Katie, additional, Walsh, Thomas J, additional, Wansbrough-Jones, Mark H, additional, Warrell, David A, additional, Warrell, Mary J, additional, Warraich, Haider J, additional, Watt, George, additional, Wattanagoon, Yupaporn, additional, Watthanakulpanich, Dorn, additional, Weaver, Scott C, additional, Webman, Rachel B, additional, Weidle, Paul J, additional, Weiss, Louis M, additional, White, Nicholas J, additional, Whitty, Christopher JM, additional, Woodhall, Dana M, additional, Wright, Stephen G, additional, Xavier, Ramnik J, additional, Xiao, Lihua, additional, Yu, Hongjie, additional, and Zaidi, Anita KM, additional

Published
2013
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36. Detection of Rickettsia sibirica mongolitimonae by using cutaneous swab samples and quantitative PCR

Author

Solary, Julie, Socolovschi, Cristina, Aubry, Camille, Brouqui, Philippe, Raoult, Didier, and Parola, Philippe

Subjects
Serology -- Usage, Rickettsia -- Diagnosis, Polymerase chain reaction -- Usage, Health
Abstract

To the Editor: Tick-borne rickettsioses are caused by the obligate intracellular bacteria spotted fever group (SFG) Rickettsia spp. These zoonoses are now recognized as emerging or reemerging human infections worldwide, [...]

Published
2014

40. Tick-borne relapsing fever borreliosis, rural Senegal

Author

Parola, Philippe, Diatta, Georges, Socolovschi, Cristina, Mediannikov, Oleg, Tall, Adama, Bassene, Hubert, Trape, Jean Frangois, and Raoult, Didier

Subjects
Relapsing fever -- Health aspects, Infection -- Health aspects, Disease transmission -- Health aspects, Health
Abstract

Tick-borne relapsing fever (TBRF), caused by several species of Borrelia spirochetes, is transmitted to humans through the bites of soft ticks of the genus Ornithodoros (through infected saliva or entry [...]

Published
2011
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41. Eschar and neck lymphadenopathy caused by Francisella tularensis after a tick bite: a case report

Author

Socolovschi Cristina, Angelakis Emmanouil, Turc Yves, Gonin Khira, Edouard Sophie, and Raoult Didier

Subjects
Medicine
Abstract

Abstract Introduction In 25 to 35% of cases, the aetiological agent of scalp eschar and neck lymphadenopathy after a tick bite remains undetermined. To date, Rickettsia slovaca, Rickettsia raoultii and more recently Bartonella henselae have been associated with this syndrome. Case presentation A four-year-old Caucasian boy was admitted to hospital with fever, vomiting and abdominal pain. On physical examination, an inflammatory and suppurating eschar was seen on the scalp, with multiple enlarged cervical lymph nodes on both sides. Although no tick was found in this scalp lesion, a diagnosis of tick-borne lymphadenopathy was suggested, and explored by serology testing and polymerase chain reaction of a biopsy from the eschar. Francisella tularensis DNA was found in the skin biopsy and the serology showed titres consistent with tularaemia. Conclusion This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first reported case of scalp eschar and neck lymphadenopathy after tick bite infection caused by F. tularensis.

Published
2011
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42. Analysis of the Rickettsia africae genome reveals that virulence acquisition in Rickettsia species may be explained by genome reduction

Author

Audic Stéphane, Parola Philippe, Socolovschi Cristina, Renesto Patricia, Giumelli Bernadette, Robert Catherine, Leroy Quentin, El Karkouri Khalid, Fournier Pierre-Edouard, and Raoult Didier

Subjects
Biotechnology, TP248.13-248.65, Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract

Abstract Background The Rickettsia genus includes 25 validated species, 17 of which are proven human pathogens. Among these, the pathogenicity varies greatly, from the highly virulent R. prowazekii, which causes epidemic typhus and kills its arthropod host, to the mild pathogen R. africae, the agent of African tick-bite fever, which does not affect the fitness of its tick vector. Results We evaluated the clonality of R. africae in 70 patients and 155 ticks, and determined its genome sequence, which comprises a circular chromosome of 1,278,540 bp including a tra operon and an unstable 12,377-bp plasmid. To study the genetic characteristics associated with virulence, we compared this species to R. prowazekii, R. rickettsii and R. conorii. R. africae and R. prowazekii have, respectively, the less and most decayed genomes. Eighteen genes are present only in R. africae including one with a putative protease domain upregulated at 37°C. Conclusion Based on these data, we speculate that a loss of regulatory genes causes an increase of virulence of rickettsial species in ticks and mammals. We also speculate that in Rickettsia species virulence is mostly associated with gene loss. The genome sequence was deposited in GenBank under accession number [GenBank: NZ_AAUY01000001].

Published
2009
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43. Coxiella burnetii-positive PCR in febrile patients in rural and urban Africa

Author

Angelakis, Emmanouil, Mediannikov, Oleg, Socolovschi, Cristina, Mouffok, Nadjet, Bassene, Hubert, Tall, Adama, Niangaly, Hamidou, Doumbo, Ogobara, Znazen, Abir, Sarih, Mhammed, Sokhna, Cheikh, Raoult, Didier, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR48, INSB-INSB-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre hospitalo-universitaire d'Oran, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Malaria Research and Training Center (MRTC), Faculté de Médecine de Bamako, Microbiology Department, Habib Bourguiba Hospital/Faculty of Medicine, South University, Sfax, Tunisia, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, and Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Adult, Male, Rural Population, Tunisia, Adolescent, Urban Population, Genotype, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Multi-spacer sequence typing, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, Young Adult, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Humans, lcsh:RC109-216, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Q fever, Infant, bacterial infections and mycoses, Senegal, Morocco, Infectious Diseases, Coxiella burnetii, Algeria, Africa, Female, France
Abstract

Objectives: Q fever has been reported throughout the African continent. The objective of this study was to detect the presence of Coxiella burnetii in febrile patients from Africa. Methods: Blood samples from febrile and non-febrile patients from six African countries and from France were investigated retrospectively for Q fever infection by molecular assays targeting the IS1111 and IS30A spacers. Results: We tested 1888 febrile patients from Senegal, Mali, Tunisia, Algeria, Gabon, and Morocco and found one male adult patient (0.3%) infected with C. burnetii in Algeria and six positive patients (0.5%) in Senegal. For one patient from Senegal we determined that the infection was caused by C. burnetii genotype 35. In Senegal, more patients were infected with C. burnetii in Keur Momar Sarr (p = 0.002) than in the other locations. Blood samples taken from 500 (51% males) non-febrile people from Senegal and France were all negative. Conclusions: The installation of point-of-care laboratories in rural Africa can be a very effective tool for studying the epidemiology of many infectious diseases.

Published
2014

46. Rickettsia and Bartonella species in fleas from Reunion Island

Author

Constentin, Dieme, Parola, Philippe, Guernier, Vanina, Le Minter, Gildas, Dellagi, Koussay, Tortosa, Pablo, Raoult, Didier, Socolovschi, Cristina, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR48, INSB-INSB-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hôpital Nord [CHU - APHM], Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IRD-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de La Réunion (UR), Centre de Recherche et de Veille sur les Maladies Émergentes dans l'Océan Indien (CRVOI), Université de La Réunion (UR), Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IRD-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
stomatognathic diseases, animal diseases, fleas, siphonaptera, bacteria, Rickettsia, bacterial infections and mycoses, Bartonella, puces, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract

International audience; Rickettsia felis, Rickettsia typhi, and Bartonella DNA was detected by molecular tools in 12% of Rattus rattus fleas (Xenopsylla species) collected from Reunion Island. One-third of the infested commensal rodents captured during 1 year carried at least one infected flea. As clinical signs of these zoonoses are non-specific, they are often misdiagnosed.

Published
2015

47. Detection of Rickettsia spp in Ticks by MALDI-TOF MS

Author

Yssouf, Amina, Almeras, Lionel, Terras, Jérôme, Socolovschi, Cristina, Raoult, Didier, Parola, Philippe, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR48, INSB-INSB-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hôpital Saint-Joseph, HAL AMU, Administrateur, and Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, IDENTIFICATION, lcsh:RC955-962, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, BITING MIDGES, lcsh:RA1-1270, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, DNA, bacterial infections and mycoses, SEQUENCE, CONORII, TIME, RHIPICEPHALUS-SANGUINEUS, Ticks, Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization, FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY, parasitic diseases, INFECTION, Animals, Rickettsia, SLOVACA, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Research Article, Dermacentor
Abstract

Background Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has been shown to be an effective tool for the rapid identification of arthropods, including tick vectors of human diseases. Methodology/Principal Findings The objective of the present study was to evaluate the use of MALDI-TOF MS to identify tick species, and to determine the presence of rickettsia pathogens in the infected Ticks. Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Dermacentor marginatus Ticks infected or not by R. conorii conorii or R. slovaca, respectively, were used as experimental models. The MS profiles generated from protein extracts prepared from tick legs exhibited mass peaks that distinguished the infected and uninfected Ticks, and successfully discriminated the Rickettsia spp. A blind test was performed using Ticks that were laboratory-reared, collected in the field or removed from patients and infected or not by Rickettsia spp. A query against our in-lab arthropod MS reference database revealed that the species and infection status of all Ticks were correctly identified at the species and infection status levels. Conclusions/Significance Taken together, the present work demonstrates the utility of MALDI-TOF MS for a dual identification of tick species and intracellular bacteria. Therefore, MALDI-TOF MS is a relevant tool for the accurate detection of Rickettsia spp in Ticks for both field monitoring and entomological diagnosis. The present work offers new perspectives for the monitoring of other vector borne diseases that present public health concerns., Author Summary Tick-borne rickettsioses include mild to life-threatening diseases in humans worldwide. When removing an attached tick from the human body, patients and physicians may have two questions: 1) is the tick a known vector of a human infectious disease, and 2) is the tick infected by a pathogenic agent that could have been transmitted during the attachment period? The morphological identification of Ticks is difficult, and requires expertise and specific documentation. The use of Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has recently emerged as an effective, rapid and inexpensive tool to identify arthropods including Ticks. Here, we show the utility of MALDI-TOF MS for the dual identification of tick species and the rapid detection of Rickettsia spp in Ticks. Such results can be used to guide decisions related to specific patient monitoring or the administration of preventive treatment. Additionally, the low consumable costs, the minimum time required for sample preparation and the rapid availability of the results of MALDI-TOF MS could be useful for epidemiological studies and tick-borne disease monitoring via the dual identification of vectors and the pathogens they carry in one step. These results present new opportunities for the management of other vector-borne diseases that are of importance to public health.

Published
2015

48. Bartonella quintana in body lice from scalp hair of homeless persons, France

Author

Drali, Rezak, Sangare, Abdoul Karim, Boutellis, Amina, Angelakis, Emmanouil, Veracx, Aurelie, Socolovschi, Cristina, Brouqui, Philippe, and Raoult, Didier

Subjects
Homeless persons -- Health aspects, Genotype -- Analysis, Lice -- Health aspects -- Genetic aspects, Health
Abstract

To the Editor: Bartonella quintana is a body louse-borne human pathogen that can cause trench fever, bacillary angiomatosis, endocarditis, chronic bacteremia, and chronic lymphadenopathy (1). Recently, B. quintana DNA was [...]

Published
2014

49. Detection of Rickettsia felis, Rickettsia typhi, Bartonella species and Yersinia pestis in fleas (Siphonaptera) from Africa

Author

Leulmi, Hamza, Socolovschi, Cristina, Laudisoit, Anne, Houemenou, Gualbert, Davoust, Bernard, Bitam, Idir, Raoult, Didier, Parola, Philippe, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR48, Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Liverpool, Université de Liège, Laboratoire VALCORE, Université M'Hamed Bougara Boumerdes (UMBB), and INSB-INSB-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
DNA, Bacterial, lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, lcsh:RC955-962, Epidemiology, Yersinia pestis, Molecular Sequence Data, Plant Science, Disease Surveillance, Disease Vectors, Tanzania, Rodents, Vector Biology, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Medicine and Health Sciences, Animals, Humans, Clinical Epidemiology, Disease Dynamics, Rickettsia typhi, Rickettsia, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Arthropod Vectors, Biology and Life Sciences, lcsh:RA1-1270, Plant Pathology, Insect Vectors, Plagues, Polymerase chain reaction, Fleas, Infectious Disease Surveillance, Africa, Rickettsia felis, Siphonaptera, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Human medicine, Bartonella, Research Article
Abstract

Little is known about the presence/absence and prevalence of Rickettsia spp, Bartonella spp. and Yersinia pestis in domestic and urban flea populations in tropical and subtropical African countries. Methodology/Principal findings Fleas collected in Benin, the United Republic of Tanzania and the Democratic Republic of the Congo were investigated for the presence and identity of Rickettsia spp., Bartonella spp. and Yersinia pestis using two qPCR systems or qPCR and standard PCR. In Xenopsylla cheopis fleas collected from Cotonou (Benin), Rickettsia typhi was detected in 1% (2/199), and an uncultured Bartonella sp. was detected in 34.7% (69/199). In the Lushoto district (United Republic of Tanzania), R. typhi DNA was detected in 10% (2/20) of Xenopsylla brasiliensis, and Rickettsia felis was detected in 65% (13/20) of Ctenocephalides felis strongylus, 71.4% (5/7) of Ctenocephalides canis and 25% (5/20) of Ctenophthalmus calceatus calceatus. In the Democratic Republic of the Congo, R. felis was detected in 56.5% (13/23) of Ct. f. felis from Kinshasa, in 26.3% (10/38) of Ct. f. felis and 9% (1/11) of Leptopsylla aethiopica aethiopica from Ituri district and in 19.2% (5/26) of Ct. f. strongylus and 4.7% (1/21) of Echidnophaga gallinacea. Bartonella sp. was also detected in 36.3% (4/11) of L. a. aethiopica. Finally, in Ituri, Y. pestis DNA was detected in 3.8% (1/26) of Ct. f. strongylus and 10% (3/30) of Pulex irritans from the villages of Wanyale and Zaa. Conclusion Most flea-borne infections are neglected diseases which should be monitored systematically in domestic rural and urban human populations to assess their epidemiological and clinical relevance. Finally, the presence of Y. pestis DNA in fleas captured in households was unexpected and raises a series of questions regarding the role of free fleas in the transmission of plague in rural Africa, especially in remote areas where the flea density in houses is high., Author Summary Fleas are associated with many bacterial diseases such as rickettsioses, bartonelloses and plague. These diseases may be severe, and little is known about their prevalence. Accordingly, we believe that our data shed light on the problem of unexplained fevers in tropical and subtropical African areas. Using molecular tools, we surveyed and studied selected flea-borne agents, namely Rickettsia spp. (R. felis and R. typhi), Bartonella spp. and Y. pestis, in fleas collected in Ituri (Linga and Rethy health zone) and Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Lushoto district in the United Republic of Tanzania and in Cotonou in Benin. We found that these bacteria are present in the studied regions. R. typhi and an unidentified Bartonella sp. were detected in fleas from Cotonou (Benin). R. felis and R. typhi were also detected in the Lushoto district (United Republic of Tanzania). Finally, we detected R. felis, Bartonella sp. and Y. pestis in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. As these emerging zoonotic diseases have a global distribution and affect public health, the implementation of vector control strategies is urgent.

Published
2014

50. Clustered cases of Rickettsia sibirica mongolitimonae infection, France

Author

Edouard, Sophie, Parola, Philippe, Socolovschi, Cristina, Davoust, Bernard, La Scola, Bernard, and Raoult, Didier

Subjects
Rickettsia -- Physiological aspects -- Distribution, Rickettsial diseases -- Risk factors -- Distribution -- Reports, Company distribution practices, Health
Abstract

To the Editor: Rickettsia sibirica mongolitimonae, a member of the tick-borne spotted fever group (SFG) of rickettsia, was first isolated from Hyalomma asiaticum ticks in China (1). The first human [...]

Published
2013

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