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1. HIV-infected individuals with high coping self-efficacy are less likely to report depressive symptoms: a cross-sectional study from Denmark

Author

Rodkjaer, L, Chesney, MA, Lomborg, K, Ostergaard, L, Laursen, T, and Sodemann, M

Subjects
Mental Health, Clinical Research, Depression, Behavioral and Social Science, Mind and Body, Brain Disorders, HIV/AIDS, Prevention, Mental health, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Activities of Daily Living, Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Denmark, Female, HIV Infections, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Self Disclosure, Self Efficacy, Severity of Illness Index, Stress, Psychological, Surveys and Questionnaires, HIV, Coping, Self-efficacy, Disclosure, Stress, Microbiology, Medical Microbiology, Public Health and Health Services
Abstract

ObjectivesHaving effective ways to cope helps HIV-infected individuals maintain good psychological and physical well-being. This study investigated the relationship between coping self-efficacy levels, as determined by the Coping Self-Efficacy Scale (CSE), HIV status disclosure, and depression in a Danish cohort.MethodsIn 2008, the CSE was administered to 304 HIV-infected individuals to measure their confidence in their ability to cope with HIV infection. HIV status disclosure was assessed on a three-point scale: living openly with the disease, partly openly, or secretly. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used to assess depression prevalence and severity.ResultsThe CSE score was significantly related to depression (Spearman's rho = -0.71; the test of H0: BDI and coping, probability >t=0.0001). There was a significant relationship between higher CSE scores and living openly with HIV. The risk of depression was four times higher in HIV-infected individuals who did not disclose their HIV status (i.e. who lived 'secretly'; odds ratio = 4.1) than in individuals who lived openly.ConclusionThose with low CSE scores were more likely to report living secretly with HIV and to be depressed. Disclosing HIV may constitute a social stressor, and a lack of coping self-efficacy may increase the likelihood of non-disclosure and depression. Interventions that enhance self-efficacy may help in managing the demands of daily life with HIV, increase disclosure, and reduce depression.

Published
2014

6. Changing genetic architecture of body mass index from infancy to early adulthood: an individual based pooled analysis of 25 twin cohorts

Author

Silventoinen, K, Li, W, Jelenkovic, A, Sund, R, Yokoyama, Y, Aaltonen, S, Piirtola, M, Sugawara, M, Tanaka, M, Matsumoto, S, Baker, LA, Tuvblad, C, Tynelius, P, Rasmussen, F, Craig, JM, Saffery, R, Willemsen, G, Bartels, M, van Beijsterveldt, CEM, Martin, NG, Medland, SE, Montgomery, GW, Lichtenstein, P, Krueger, RF, McGue, M, Pahlen, S, Christensen, K, Skytthe, A, Kyvik, KO, Saudino, KJ, Dubois, L, Boivin, M, Brendgen, M, Dionne, G, Vitaro, F, Ullemar, V, Almqvist, C, Magnusson, PKE, Corley, RP, Huibregtse, BM, Knafo-Noam, A, Mankuta, D, Abramson, L, Haworth, CMA, Plomin, R, Bjerregaard-Andersen, M, Beck-Nielsen, H, Sodemann, M, Duncan, GE, Buchwald, D, Burt, SA, Klump, KL, Llewellyn, CH, Fisher, A, Boomsma, D, Sorensen, TIA, Kaprio, J, Silventoinen, K, Li, W, Jelenkovic, A, Sund, R, Yokoyama, Y, Aaltonen, S, Piirtola, M, Sugawara, M, Tanaka, M, Matsumoto, S, Baker, LA, Tuvblad, C, Tynelius, P, Rasmussen, F, Craig, JM, Saffery, R, Willemsen, G, Bartels, M, van Beijsterveldt, CEM, Martin, NG, Medland, SE, Montgomery, GW, Lichtenstein, P, Krueger, RF, McGue, M, Pahlen, S, Christensen, K, Skytthe, A, Kyvik, KO, Saudino, KJ, Dubois, L, Boivin, M, Brendgen, M, Dionne, G, Vitaro, F, Ullemar, V, Almqvist, C, Magnusson, PKE, Corley, RP, Huibregtse, BM, Knafo-Noam, A, Mankuta, D, Abramson, L, Haworth, CMA, Plomin, R, Bjerregaard-Andersen, M, Beck-Nielsen, H, Sodemann, M, Duncan, GE, Buchwald, D, Burt, SA, Klump, KL, Llewellyn, CH, Fisher, A, Boomsma, D, Sorensen, TIA, and Kaprio, J

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Body mass index (BMI) shows strong continuity over childhood and adolescence and high childhood BMI is the strongest predictor of adult obesity. Genetic factors strongly contribute to this continuity, but it is still poorly known how their contribution changes over childhood and adolescence. Thus, we used the genetic twin design to estimate the genetic correlations of BMI from infancy to adulthood and compared them to the genetic correlations of height. METHODS: We pooled individual level data from 25 longitudinal twin cohorts including 38,530 complete twin pairs and having 283,766 longitudinal height and weight measures. The data were analyzed using Cholesky decomposition offering genetic and environmental correlations of BMI and height between all age combinations from 1 to 19 years of age. RESULTS: The genetic correlations of BMI and height were stronger than the trait correlations. For BMI, we found that genetic correlations decreased as the age between the assessments increased, a trend that was especially visible from early to middle childhood. In contrast, for height, the genetic correlations were strong between all ages. Age-to-age correlations between environmental factors shared by co-twins were found for BMI in early childhood but disappeared altogether by middle childhood. For height, shared environmental correlations persisted from infancy to adulthood. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the genes affecting BMI change over childhood and adolescence leading to decreasing age-to-age genetic correlations. This change is especially visible from early to middle childhood indicating that new genetic factors start to affect BMI in middle childhood. Identifying mediating pathways of these genetic factors can open possibilities for interventions, especially for those children with high genetic predisposition to adult obesity.

Published
2022

13. Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight

Author

Iurilli, M.L.C. Zhou, B. Bennett, J.E. Carrillo-Larco, R.M. Sophiea, M.K. Rodriguez-Martinez, A. Bixby, H. Solomon, B.D. Taddei, C. Danaei, G. Di Cesare, M. Stevens, G.A. Riley, L.M. Savin, S. Cowan, M.J. Bovet, P. Damasceno, A. Chirita-Emandi, A. Hayes, A.J. Ikeda, N. Jackson, R.T. Khang, Y.-H. Laxmaiah, A. Liu, J. Miranda, J.J. Saidi, O. Sebert, S. Sorić, M. Starc, G. Gregg, E.W. Abarca-Gómez, L. Abdeen, Z.A. Abdrakhmanova, S. Ghaffar, S.A. Rahim, H.F.A. Abu-Rmeileh, N.M. Garba, J.A. Acosta-Cazares, B. Adams, R.J. Aekplakorn, W. Afsana, K. Afzal, S. Agdeppa, I.A. Aghazadeh-Attari, J. Aguilar-Salinas, C.A. Agyemang, C. Ahmad, M.H. Ahmad, N.A. Ahmadi, A. Ahmadi, N. Ahmed, S.H. Ahrens, W. Aitmurzaeva, G. Ajlouni, K. Al-Hazzaa, H.M. Al-Lahou, B. Al-Raddadi, R. Alarouj, M. AlBuhairan, F. AlDhukair, S. Ali, M.M. Alkandari, A. Alkerwi, A. Allin, K. Alvarez-Pedrerol, M. Aly, E. Amarapurkar, D.N. Amiri, P. Amougou, N. Amouyel, P. Andersen, L.B. Anderssen, S.A. Ängquist, L. Anjana, R.M. Ansari-Moghaddam, A. Aounallah-Skhiri, H. Araújo, J. Ariansen, I. Aris, T. Arku, R.E. Arlappa, N. Aryal, K.K. Aspelund, T. Assah, F.K. Assunção, M.C.F. Aung, M.S. Auvinen, J. Mária Avdicová Avi, S. Azevedo, A. Azimi-Nezhad, M. Azizi, F. Azmin, M. Babu, B.V. Bæksgaard Jørgensen, M. Baharudin, A. Bahijri, S. Baker, J.L. Balakrishna, N. Bamoshmoosh, M. Banach, M. Bandosz, P. Banegas, J.R. Baran, J. Barbagallo, C.M. Barceló, A. Barkat, A. Barros, A.J.D. Barros, M.V.G. Basit, A. Bastos, J.L.D. Bata, I. Batieha, A.M. Batista, R.L. Battakova, Z. Batyrbek, A. Baur, L.A. Beaglehole, R. Bel-Serrat, S. Belavendra, A. Romdhane, H.B. Benedics, J. Benet, M. Bergh, I.H. Berkinbayev, S. Bernabe-Ortiz, A. Bernotiene, G. Bettiol, H. Bezerra, J. Bhagyalaxmi, A. Bharadwaj, S. Bhargava, S.K. Bhutta, Z.A. Bi, H. Bi, Y. Bia, D. Lele, E.C.B. Bikbov, M.M. Bista, B. Bjelica, D.J. Bjerregaard, P. Bjertness, E. Bjertness, M.B. Björkelund, C. Bloch, K.V. Blokstra, A. Bo, S. Bobak, M. Boddy, L.M. Boehm, B.O. Boeing, H. Boggia, J.G. Bogova, E. Boissonnet, C.P. Bojesen, S.E. Bonaccio, M. Bongard, V. Bonilla-Vargas, A. Bopp, M. Borghs, H. Braeckevelt, L. Braeckman, L. Bragt, M.C.E. Brajkovich, I. Branca, F. Breckenkamp, J. Breda, J. Brenner, H. Brewster, L.M. Brian, G.R. Brinduse, L. Brophy, S. Bruno, G. Bueno-de-Mesquita, H.B. Bugge, A. Buoncristiano, M. Burazeri, G. Burns, C. de León, A.C. Cacciottolo, J. Cai, H. Cama, T. Cameron, C. Camolas, J. Can, G. Candido, A.P.C. Cañete, F. Capanzana, M.V. Capková, N. Capuano, E. Capuano, V. Cardol, M. Cardoso, V.C. Carlsson, A.C. Carmuega, E. Carvalho, J. Casajús, J.A. Casanueva, F.F. Celikcan, E. Censi, L. Cervantes-Loaiza, M. Cesar, J.A. Chamukuttan, S. Chan, A.W. Chan, Q. Chaturvedi, H.K. Chaturvedi, N. Rahim, N.C.A. Chee, M.L. Chen, C.-J. Chen, F. Chen, H. Chen, S. Chen, Z. Cheng, C.-Y. Cheraghian, B. Chetrit, A. Chikova-Iscener, E. Chiolero, A. Chiou, S.-T. Chirlaque, M.-D. Cho, B. Christensen, K. Christofaro, D.G. Chudek, J. Cifkova, R. Cilia, M. Cinteza, E. Claessens, F. Clarke, J. Clays, E. Cohen, E. Concin, H. Confortin, S.C. Cooper, C. Coppinger, T.C. Corpeleijn, E. Costanzo, S. Cottel, D. Cowell, C. Craig, C.L. Crampin, A.C. Crujeiras, A.B. Csilla, S. Cucu, A.M. Cui, L. Cureau, F.V. Czenczek-Lewandowska, E. D’Arrigo, G. d’Orsi, E. Dacica, L. Dal Re Saavedra, M.A. Dallongeville, J. Damsgaard, C.T. Dankner, R. Dantoft, T.M. Dasgupta, P. Dastgiri, S. Dauchet, L. Davletov, K. De Backer, G. De Bacquer, D. de Gaetano, G. De Henauw, S. de Oliveira, P.D. De Ridder, D. De Ridder, K. de Rooij, S.R. De Smedt, D. Deepa, M. Deev, A.D. DeGennaro, V., Jr Dehghan, A. Delisle, H. Delpeuch, F. Demarest, S. Dennison, E. Dereń, K. Deschamps, V. Dhimal, M. Di Castelnuovo, A.F. Dias-da-Costa, J.S. Díaz-Sánchez, M.E. Diaz, A. Dika, Z. Djalalinia, S. Djordjic, V. Do, H.T.P. Dobson, A.J. Donati, M.B. Donfrancesco, C. Donoso, S.P. Döring, A. Dorobantu, M. Dorosty, A.R. Doua, K. Dragano, N. Drygas, W. Duan, J.L. Duante, C.A. Duboz, P. Duda, R.B. Duleva, V. Dulskiene, V. Dumith, S.C. Dushpanova, A. Dzerve, V. Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, E. Eddie, R. Eftekhar, E. Egbagbe, E.E. Eggertsen, R. Eghtesad, S. Eiben, G. Ekelund, U. El-Khateeb, M. Ati, J.E. Eldemire-Shearer, D. Eliasen, M. Elliott, P. Engle-Stone, R. Enguerran, M. Erasmus, R.T. Erbel, R. Erem, C. Eriksen, L. Eriksson, J.G. Escobedo-de la Peña, J. Eslami, S. Esmaeili, A. Evans, A. Faeh, D. Fakhretdinova, A.A. Fall, C.H. Faramarzi, E. Farjam, M. Sant’Angelo, V.F. Farzadfar, F. Fattahi, M.R. Fawwad, A. Felix-Redondo, F.J. Ferguson, T.S. Fernandes, R.A. Fernández-Bergés, D. Ferrante, D. Ferrao, T. Ferrari, M. Ferrario, M.M. Ferreccio, C. Ferrer, E. Ferrieres, J. Figueiró, T.H. Fijalkowska, A. Fink, G. Fischer, K. Foo, L.H. Forsner, M. Fouad, H.M. Francis, D.K. Maria do Carmo Franco Frikke-Schmidt, R. Frontera, G. Fuchs, F.D. Fuchs, S.C. Fujiati, I.I. Fujita, Y. Fumihiko, M. Furusawa, T. Gaciong, Z. Gafencu, M. Galbarczyk, A. Galenkamp, H. Galeone, D. Galfo, M. Galvano, F. Gao, J. Garcia-de-la-Hera, M. García-Solano, M. Gareta, D. Garnett, S.P. Gaspoz, J.-M. Gasull, M. Gaya, A.C.A. Gaya, A.R. Gazzinelli, A. Gehring, U. Geiger, H. Geleijnse, J.M. Ghanbari, A. Ghasemi, E. Gheorghe-Fronea, O.-F. Giampaoli, S. Gianfagna, F. Gill, T.K. Giovannelli, J. Gironella, G. Giwercman, A. Gkiouras, K. Godos, J. Gogen, S. Goldberg, M. Goldsmith, R.A. Goltzman, D. Gómez, S.F. Gomula, A. da Silva, B.G.C. Gonçalves, H. Gonzalez-Chica, D.A. Gonzalez-Gross, M. González-Leon, M. González-Rivas, J.P. González-Villalpando, C. González-Villalpando, M.-E. Gonzalez, A.R. Gottrand, F. Graça, A.P. Graff-Iversen, S. Grafnetter, D. Grajda, A. Grammatikopoulou, M.G. Gregor, R.D. Grodzicki, T. Grøholt, E.K. Grøntved, A. Grosso, G. Gruden, G. Gu, D. Gualdi-Russo, E. Guallar-Castillón, P. Gualtieri, A. Gudmundsson, E.F. Gudnason, V. Guerrero, R. Guessous, I. Guimaraes, A.L. Gulliford, M.C. Gunnlaugsdottir, J. Gunter, M.J. Guo, X.-H. Guo, Y. Gupta, P.C. Gupta, R. Gureje, O. Gurzkowska, B. Gutiérrez-González, E. Gutierrez, L. Gutzwiller, F. Ha, S. Hadaegh, F. Hadjigeorgiou, C.A. Haghshenas, R. Hakimi, H. Halkjær, J. Hambleton, I.R. Hamzeh, B. Hange, D. Hanif, A.A.M. Hantunen, S. Hao, J. Kumar, R.H. Hashemi-Shahri, S.M. Hassapidou, M. Hata, J. Haugsgjerd, T. He, J. He, Y. He, Y. Heidinger-Felso, R. Heinen, M. Hejgaard, T. Hendriks, M.E. dos Santos Henrique, R. Henriques, A. Cadena, L.H. Herrala, S. Herrera, V.M. Herter-Aeberli, I. Heshmat, R. Hill, A.G. Ho, S.Y. Ho, S.C. Hobbs, M. Holdsworth, M. Homayounfar, R. Homs, C. Hopman, W.M. Horimoto, A.R.V.R. Hormiga, C.M. Horta, B.L. Houti, L. Howitt, C. Htay, T.T. Htet, A.S. Htike, M.M.T. Hu, Y. Huerta, J.M. Huhtaniemi, I.T. Huiart, L. Petrescu, C.H. Huisman, M. Husseini, A. Huu, C.N. Huybrechts, I. Hwalla, N. Hyska, J. Iacoviello, L. Ibarluzea, J.M. Ibrahim, M.M. Wong, N.I. Ikram, M.A. Iotova, V. Irazola, V.E. Ishida, T. Islam, M. Islam, S.M.S. Iwasaki, M. Jacobs, J.M. Jaddou, H.Y. Jafar, T. James, K. Jamil, K.M. Jamrozik, K. Janszky, I. Janus, E. Jarani, J. Jarvelin, M.-R. Jasienska, G. Jelakovic, A. Jelakovic, B. Jennings, G. Jha, A.K. Jiang, C.Q. Jimenez, R.O. Jöckel, K.-H. Joffres, M. Johansson, M. Jokelainen, J.J. Jonas, J.B. Jonnagaddala, J. Jørgensen, T. Joshi, P. Joukar, F. Jovic, D.P. Jóźwiak, J.J. Juolevi, A. Jurak, G. Simina, I.J. Juresa, V. Kaaks, R. Kaducu, F.O. Kafatos, A. Kajantie, E.O. Kalmatayeva, Z. Kalter-Leibovici, O. Kameli, Y. Kampmann, F.B. Kanala, K.R. Kannan, S. Kapantais, E. Karakosta, A. Kårhus, L.L. Karki, K.B. Katibeh, M. Katz, J. Katzmarzyk, P.T. Kauhanen, J. Kaur, P. Kavousi, M. Kazakbaeva, G.M. Keil, U. Boker, L.K. Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, S. Kelishadi, R. Kelleher, C. Kemper, H.C.G. Kengne, A.P. Keramati, M. Kerimkulova, A. Kersting, M. Key, T. Khader, Y.S. Khalili, D. Khaw, K.-T. Kheiri, B. Kheradmand, M. Khosravi, A. Khouw, I.M.S.L. Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, U. Kiechl, S. Killewo, J. Kim, D.W. Kim, H.C. Kim, J. Kindblom, J.M. Klakk, H. Klimek, M. Klimont, J. Klumbiene, J. Knoflach, M. Koirala, B. Kolle, E. Kolsteren, P. König, J. Korpelainen, R. Korrovits, P. Korzycka, M. Kos, J. Koskinen, S. Kouda, K. Kovacs, V.A. Kowlessur, S. Koziel, S. Kratenova, J. Kratzer, W. Kriemler, S. Kristensen, P.L. Krokstad, S. Kromhout, D. Kruger, H.S. Kubinova, R. Kuciene, R. Kujala, U.M. Kujundzic, E. Kulaga, Z. Kumar, R.K. Kunešová, M. Kurjata, P. Kusuma, Y.S. Kuulasmaa, K. Kyobutungi, C. La, Q.N. Laamiri, F.Z. Laatikainen, T. Lachat, C. Laid, Y. Lam, T.H. Lambrinou, C.-P. Landais, E. Lanska, V. Lappas, G. Larijani, B. Latt, T.S. Lauria, L. Lazo-Porras, M. Le Coroller, G. Bao, K.L.N. Le Port, A. Le, T.D. Lee, J. Lee, J. Lee, P.H. Lehmann, N. Lehtimäki, T. Lemogoum, D. Levitt, N.S. Li, Y. Liivak, M. Lilly, C.L. Lim, W.-Y. Lima-Costa, M.F. Lin, H.-H. Lin, X. Lin, Y.-T. Lind, L. Linneberg, A. Lissner, L. Litwin, M. Liu, L. Lo, W.-C. Loit, H.-M. Long, K.Q. Lopes, L. Lopes, O. Lopez-Garcia, E. Lopez, T. Lotufo, P.A. Lozano, J.E. Lukrafka, J.L. Luksiene, D. Lundqvist, A. Lundqvist, R. Lunet, N. Lunogelo, C. Lustigová, M. Łuszczki, E. Ma, G. Ma, J. Ma, X. Machado-Coelho, G.L.L. Machado-Rodrigues, A.M. Macieira, L.M. Madar, A.A. Maggi, S. Magliano, D.J. Magnacca, S. Magriplis, E. Mahasampath, G. Maire, B. Majer, M. Makdisse, M. Mäki, P. Malekzadeh, F. Malekzadeh, R. Malhotra, R. Rao, K.M. Malyutina, S.K. Maniego, L.V. Manios, Y. Mann, J.I. Mansour-Ghanaei, F. Manzato, E. Margozzini, P. Markaki, A. Markey, O. Ioannidou, E.M. Marques-Vidal, P. Marques, L.P. Marrugat, J. Martin-Prevel, Y. Martin, R. Martorell, R. Martos, E. Maruszczak, K. Marventano, S. Mascarenhas, L.P. Masoodi, S.R. Mathiesen, E.B. Mathur, P. Matijasevich, A. Matsha, T.E. Mavrogianni, C. Mazur, A. Mbanya, J.C.N. McFarlane, S.R. McGarvey, S.T. McKee, M. McLachlan, S. McLean, R.M. McLean, S.B. McNulty, B.A. Benchekor, S.M. Medzioniene, J. Mehdipour, P. Mehlig, K. Mehrparvar, A.H. Meirhaeghe, A. Meisfjord, J. Meisinger, C. Menezes, A.M.B. Menon, G.R. Mensink, G.B.M. Menzano, M.T. Mereke, A. Meshram, I.I. Metspalu, A. Meyer, H.E. Mi, J. Michaelsen, K.F. Michels, N. Mikkel, K. Milkowska, K. Miller, J.C. Minderico, C.S. Mini, G.K. Miquel, J.F. Mirjalili, M.R. Mirkopoulou, D. Mirrakhimov, E. Mišigoj-Durakovic, M. Mistretta, A. Mocanu, V. Modesti, P.A. Moghaddam, S.S. Mohajer, B. Mohamed, M.K. Mohamed, S.F. Mohammad, K. Mohammadi, Z. Mohammadifard, N. Mohammadpourhodki, R. Mohan, V. Mohanna, S. Yusoff, M.F.M. Mohebbi, I. Mohebi, F. Moitry, M. Molbo, D. Møllehave, L.T. Møller, N.C. Molnár, D. Momenan, A. Mondo, C.K. Monroy-Valle, M. Monterrubio-Flores, E. Monyeki, K.D.K. Moon, J.S. Moosazadeh, M. Moreira, L.B. Morejon, A. Moreno, L.A. Morgan, K. Morin, S.N. Mortensen, E.L. Moschonis, G. Mossakowska, M. Mostafa, A. Mota-Pinto, A. Mota, J. Motlagh, M.E. Motta, J. Moura-dos-Santos, M.A. Mridha, M.K. Msyamboza, K.P. Mu, T.T. Muc, M. Mugoša, B. Muiesan, M.L. Mukhtorova, P. Müller-Nurasyid, M. Murphy, N. Mursu, J. Murtagh, E.M. Musa, K.I. Milanovic, S.M. Musil, V. Mustafa, N. Nabipour, I. Naderimagham, S. Nagel, G. Naidu, B.M. Najafi, F. Nakamura, H. Námešná, J. Nang, E.E.K. Nangia, V.B. Nankap, M. Narake, S. Nardone, P. Nauck, M. Neal, W.A. Nejatizadeh, A. Nekkantti, C. Nelis, K. Nelis, L. Nenko, I. Neovius, M. Nervi, F. Nguyen, C.T. Nguyen, N.D. Nguyen, Q.N. Nieto-Martínez, R.E. Nikitin, Y.P. Ning, G. Ninomiya, T. Nishtar, S. Noale, M. Noboa, O.A. Nogueira, H. Norat, T. Nordendahl, M. Nordestgaard, B.G. Noto, D. Nowak-Szczepanska, N. Al Nsour, M. Nuhoglu, I. Nurk, E. O’Neill, T.W. O’Reilly, D. Obreja, G. Ochimana, C. Ochoa-Avilés, A.M. Oda, E. Oh, K. Ohara, K. Ohlsson, C. Ohtsuka, R. Olafsson, O. Olinto, M.T.A. Oliveira, I.O. Omar, M.A. Onat, A. Ong, S.K. Ono, L.M. Ordunez, P. Ornelas, R. Ortiz, A.P. Ortiz, P.J. Osler, M. Osmond, C. Ostojic, S.M. Ostovar, A. Otero, J.A. Overvad, K. Owusu-Dabo, E. Paccaud, F.M. Padez, C. Pagkalos, I. Pahomova, E. de Paiva, K.M. Pajak, A. Palli, D. Palloni, A. Palmieri, L. Pan, W.-H. Panda-Jonas, S. Pandey, A. Panza, F. Papandreou, D. Park, S.-W. Park, S. Parnell, W.R. Parsaeian, M. Pascanu, I.M. Pasquet, P. Patel, N.D. Pecin, I. Pednekar, M.S. Peer, N. Pei, G. Peixoto, S.V. Peltonen, M. Pereira, A.C. Peres, M.A. Pérez-Farinós, N. Pérez, C.M. Peterkova, V. Peters, A. Petersmann, A. Petkeviciene, J. Petrauskiene, A. Pettenuzzo, E. Peykari, N. Pham, S.T. Pichardo, R.N. Pierannunzio, D. Pigeot, I. Pikhart, H. Pilav, A. Pilotto, L. Pistelli, F. Pitakaka, F. Piwonska, A. Pizarro, A.N. Plans-Rubió, P. Poh, B.K. Pohlabeln, H. Pop, R.M. Popovic, S.R. Porta, M. Posch, G. Poudyal, A. Poulimeneas, D. Pouraram, H. Pourfarzi, F. Pourshams, A. Poustchi, H. Pradeepa, R. Price, A.J. Price, J.F. Providencia, R. Puder, J.J. Pudule, I. Puhakka, S.E. Puiu, M. Punab, M. Qasrawi, R.F. Qorbani, M. Bao, T.Q. Radic, I. Radisauskas, R. Rahimikazerooni, S. Rahman, M. Rahman, M. Raitakari, O. Raj, M. Rakhimova, E. Rakhmatulloev, S. Rakovac, I. Rao, S.R. Ramachandran, A. Ramke, J. Ramos, E. Ramos, R. Rampal, L. Rampal, S. Rarra, V. Rascon-Pacheco, R.A. Rasmussen, M. Rech, C.R. Redon, J. Reganit, P.F.M. Regecová, V. Revilla, L. Rezaianzadeh, A. Ribas-Barba, L. Ribeiro, R. Riboli, E. Richter, A. Rigo, F. Rinaldo, N. de Wit, T.F.R. Rito, A. Ritti-Dias, R.M. Rivera, J.A. Robitaille, C. Roccaldo, R. Rodrigues, D. Rodríguez-Artalejo, F. del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, M. Rodríguez-Villamizar, L.A. Roggenbuck, U. Rojas-Martinez, R. Rojroongwasinkul, N. Romaguera, D. Romeo, E.L. Rosario, R.V. Rosengren, A. Rouse, I. Roy, J.G.R. Rubinstein, A. Rühli, F.J. Ruidavets, J.-B. Ruiz-Betancourt, B.S. Ruiz-Castell, M. Moreno, E.R. Rusakova, I.A. Jonsson, K.R. Russo, P. Rust, P. Rutkowski, M. Sabanayagam, C. Sacchini, E. Sachdev, H.S. Sadjadi, A. Safarpour, A.R. Safiri, S. Saki, N. Salanave, B. Martinez, E.S. Salmerón, D. Salomaa, V. Salonen, J.T. Salvetti, M. Samoutian, M. Sánchez-Abanto, J. Sans, S. Marina, L.S. Santos, D.A. Santos, I.S. Santos, L.C. Santos, M.P. Santos, O. Santos, R. Sanz, S.S. Saramies, J.L. Sardinha, L.B. Sarrafzadegan, N. Sathish, T. Saum, K.-U. Savva, S. Savy, M. Sawada, N. Sbaraini, M. Scazufca, M. Schaan, B.D. Rosario, A.S. Schargrodsky, H. Schienkiewitz, A. Schipf, S. Schmidt, C.O. Schmidt, I.M. Schnohr, P. Schöttker, B. Schramm, S. Schramm, S. Schröder, H. Schultsz, C. Schutte, A.E. Sein, A.A. Selamat, R. Sember, V. Sen, A. Senbanjo, I.O. Sepanlou, S.G. Sequera, V. Serra-Majem, L. Servais, J. Ševcíková, L. Shalnova, S.A. Shamah-Levy, T. Shamshirgaran, M. Shanthirani, C.S. Sharafkhah, M. Sharma, S.K. Shaw, J.E. Shayanrad, A. Shayesteh, A.A. Shengelia, L. Shi, Z. Shibuya, K. Shimizu-Furusawa, H. Shin, D.W. Shirani, M. Shiri, R. Shrestha, N. Si-Ramlee, K. Siani, A. Siantar, R. Sibai, A.M. Silva, A.M. Silva, D.A.S. Simon, M. Simons, J. Simons, L.A. Sjöberg, A. Sjöström, M. Skodje, G. Slowikowska-Hilczer, J. Slusarczyk, P. Smeeth, L. So, H.-K. Soares, F.C. Sobek, G. Sobngwi, E. Sodemann, M. Söderberg, S. Soekatri, M.Y.E. Soemantri, A. Sofat, R. Solfrizzi, V. Somi, M.H. Sonestedt, E. Song, Y. Sørensen, T.I.A. Sørgjerd, E.P. Jérome, C.S. Soto-Rojas, V.E. Soumaré, A. Sovic, S. Sparboe-Nilsen, B. Sparrenberger, K. Spinelli, A. Spiroski, I. Staessen, J.A. Stamm, H. Stathopoulou, M.G. Staub, K. Stavreski, B. Steene-Johannessen, J. Stehle, P. Stein, A.D. Stergiou, G.S. Stessman, J. Stevanovic, R. Stieber, J. Stöckl, D. Stocks, T. Stokwiszewski, J. Stoyanova, E. Stratton, G. Stronks, K. Strufaldi, M.W. Sturua, L. Suárez-Medina, S. Suka, M. Sun, C.-A. Sundström, J. Sung, Y.-T. Sunyer, J. Suriyawongpaisal, P. Swinburn, B.A. Sy, R.G. Syddall, H.E. Sylva, R.C. Szklo, M. Szponar, L. Tai, E.S. Tammesoo, M.-L. Tamosiunas, A. Tan, E.J. Tang, X. Tanrygulyyeva, M. Tanser, F. Tao, Y. Tarawneh, M.R. Tarp, J. Tarqui-Mamani, C.B. Braunerová, R.T. Taylor, A. Taylor, J. Tchibindat, F. Tebar, W.R. Tell, G.S. Tello, T. Tham, Y.C. Thankappan, K.R. Theobald, H. Theodoridis, X. Thijs, L. Thomas, N. Thuesen, B.H. Tichá, L. Timmermans, E.J. Tjonneland, A. Tolonen, H.K. Tolstrup, J.S. Topbas, M. Topór-Madry, R. Torheim, L.E. Tormo, M.J. Tornaritis, M.J. Torrent, M. Torres-Collado, L. Toselli, S. Touloumi, G. Traissac, P. Tran, T.T.-H. Trichopoulos, D. Trichopoulou, A. Trinh, D.T.H. Trivedi, A. Tshepo, L. Tsigga, M. Tsugane, S. Tuliakova, A.M. Tulloch-Reid, M.K. Tullu, F. Tuomainen, T.-P. Tuomilehto, J. Turley, M.L. Twig, G. Tynelius, P. Tzotzas, T. Tzourio, C. Ueda, P. Ugel, E. Ukoli, F.A.M. Ulmer, H. Unal, B. Usupova, Z. Uusitalo, H.M.T. Uysal, N. Vaitkeviciute, J. Valdivia, G. Vale, S. Valvi, D. van Dam, R.M. Van der Heyden, J. van der Schouw, Y.T. Van Herck, K. Van Minh, H. Van Schoor, N.M. van Valkengoed, I.G.M. Vanderschueren, D. Vanuzzo, D. Varbo, A. Varela-Moreiras, G. Varona-Pérez, P. Vasan, S.K. Vega, T. Veidebaum, T. Velasquez-Melendez, G. Velika, B. Veronesi, G. Verschuren, W.M.M. Victora, C.G. Viegi, G. Viet, L. Villalpando, S. Vineis, P. Vioque, J. Virtanen, J.K. Visser, M. Visvikis-Siest, S. Viswanathan, B. Vladulescu, M. Vlasoff, T. Vocanec, D. Vollenweider, P. Völzke, H. Voutilainen, A. Voutilainen, S. Vrijheid, M. Vrijkotte, T.G.M. Wade, A.N. Wagner, A. Waldhör, T. Walton, J. Wambiya, E.O.A. Bebakar, A.M.W. Mohamud, W.N.W. de Souza Wanderley Júnior, R. Wang, M.-D. Wang, N. Wang, Q. Wang, X. Wang, Y.X. Wang, Y.-W. Wannamethee, S.G. Wareham, N. Weber, A. Wedderkopp, N. Weerasekera, D. Weghuber, D. Wei, W. Weres, A. Werner, B. Whincup, P.H. Widhalm, K. Widyahening, I.S. Wiecek, A. Wilks, R.J. Willeit, J. Willeit, P. Williams, J. Wilsgaard, T. Wojtyniak, B. Wong-McClure, R.A. Wong, A. Wong, J.E. Wong, T.Y. Woo, J. Woodward, M. Wu, F.C. Wu, J. Wu, L.J. Wu, S. Xu, H. Xu, L. Yaacob, N.A. Yamborisut, U. Yan, W. Yang, L. Yang, X. Yang, Y. Yardim, N. Yaseri, M. Yasuharu, T. Ye, X. Yiallouros, P.K. Yoosefi, M. Yoshihara, A. You, Q.S. You, S.-L. Younger-Coleman, N.O. Yusof, S.M. Yusoff, A.F. Zaccagni, L. Zafiropulos, V. Zainuddin, A.A. Zakavi, S.R. Zamani, F. Zambon, S. Zampelas, A. Zamrazilová, H. Zapata, M.E. Zargar, A.H. Zaw, K.K. Zdrojewski, T. Zejglicova, K. Vrkic, T.Z. Zeng, Y. Zhang, L. Zhang, Z.-Y. Zhao, D. Zhao, M.-H. Zhao, W. Zhen, S. Zheng, W. Zheng, Y. Zholdin, B. Zhou, M. Zhu, D. Zins, M. Zitt, E. Zocalo, Y. Cisneros, J.Z. Zuziak, M. Ezzati, M. Filippi, S. NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)

Subjects
nutritional and metabolic diseases, sense organs, skin and connective tissue diseases
Abstract

From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions. © Copyright.

Published
2021

17. High mortality despite good care-seeking behaviour: a community study of childhood deaths in Guinea-Bissau

Author

Sodemann, M., Jakobsen, M.S., Molbak, K., Alvarenga, Jr., I.C., and Aaby, P.

Subjects
Guinea-Bissau -- Health aspects, Patient outcomes, Health aspects, Mortality, Children -- Patient outcomes -- Health aspects
Abstract

Introduction Many studies have reported a significant decrease in child mortality following general improvements in primary health care (PHC) (1,2). Such decreases are mainly the result of improvements in antenatal [...], The care-seeking behaviour of mothers of 125 children deceased aged 1-30 months was investigated by verbal autopsy in an urban area of Guinea-Bissau. A total of 93% of the children were seen at a health centre or hospital during the 2 weeks before death. In a previous survey covering the period 1987-90 we found that 78% of the children who died had presented for consultation (8); despite this increase in care seeking, infant mortality had not decreased. Comparison of elapsed time from disease onset to first consultation between children who died and matched surviving controls indicated that the interval was shorter for children who died than for those who survived (odds ratio (OR) = 0.7; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.5-0.99). Of the 125 terminally ill children, 56 were hospitalized. A total of 20 children died on the way to hospital or while waiting in the outpatient clinic. Lack of hospital beds resulted in 15 mothers being refused hospitalization for their child. Of hospitalized children, 42% were discharged as improved or recovered during the 30 days preceding death. These results reveal a need for improved hospital admission criteria, improved recognition of the symptoms of serious illness, better discharge criteria, and the implementation of quality assurance systems for health services.

Published
1997

21. The CODATwins Project: The Current Status and Recent Findings of COllaborative Project of Development of Anthropometrical Measures in Twins

Author

Silventoinen, K., primary, Jelenkovic, A., additional, Yokoyama, Y., additional, Sund, R., additional, Sugawara, M., additional, Tanaka, M., additional, Matsumoto, S., additional, Bogl, L. H., additional, Freitas, D. L., additional, Maia, J. A., additional, Hjelmborg, J. v. B., additional, Aaltonen, S., additional, Piirtola, M., additional, Latvala, A., additional, Calais-Ferreira, L., additional, Oliveira, V. C., additional, Ferreira, P. H., additional, Ji, F., additional, Ning, F., additional, Pang, Z., additional, Ordoñana, J. R., additional, Sánchez-Romera, J. F., additional, Colodro-Conde, L., additional, Burt, S. A., additional, Klump, K. L., additional, Martin, N. G., additional, Medland, S. E., additional, Montgomery, G. W., additional, Kandler, C., additional, McAdams, T. A., additional, Eley, T. C., additional, Gregory, A. M., additional, Saudino, K. J., additional, Dubois, L., additional, Boivin, M., additional, Brendgen, M., additional, Dionne, G., additional, Vitaro, F., additional, Tarnoki, A. D., additional, Tarnoki, D. L., additional, Haworth, C. M. A., additional, Plomin, R., additional, Öncel, S. Y., additional, Aliev, F., additional, Medda, E., additional, Nisticò, L., additional, Toccaceli, V., additional, Craig, J. M., additional, Saffery, R., additional, Siribaddana, S. H., additional, Hotopf, M., additional, Sumathipala, A., additional, Rijsdijk, F., additional, Jeong, H.-U., additional, Spector, T., additional, Mangino, M., additional, Lachance, G., additional, Gatz, M., additional, Butler, D. A., additional, Gao, W., additional, Yu, C., additional, Li, L., additional, Bayasgalan, G., additional, Narandalai, D., additional, Harden, K. P., additional, Tucker-Drob, E. M., additional, Christensen, K., additional, Skytthe, A., additional, Kyvik, K. O., additional, Derom, C. A., additional, Vlietinck, R. F., additional, Loos, R. J. F., additional, Cozen, W., additional, Hwang, A. E., additional, Mack, T. M., additional, He, M., additional, Ding, X., additional, Silberg, J. L., additional, Maes, H. H., additional, Cutler, T. L., additional, Hopper, J. L., additional, Magnusson, P. K. E., additional, Pedersen, N. L., additional, Dahl Aslan, A. K., additional, Baker, L. A., additional, Tuvblad, C., additional, Bjerregaard-Andersen, M., additional, Beck-Nielsen, H., additional, Sodemann, M., additional, Ullemar, V., additional, Almqvist, C., additional, Tan, Q., additional, Zhang, D., additional, Swan, G. E., additional, Krasnow, R., additional, Jang, K. L., additional, Knafo-Noam, A., additional, Mankuta, D., additional, Abramson, L., additional, Lichtenstein, P., additional, Krueger, R. F., additional, McGue, M., additional, Pahlen, S., additional, Tynelius, P., additional, Rasmussen, F., additional, Duncan, G. E., additional, Buchwald, D., additional, Corley, R. P., additional, Huibregtse, B. M., additional, Nelson, T. L., additional, Whitfield, K. E., additional, Franz, C. E., additional, Kremen, W. S., additional, Lyons, M. J., additional, Ooki, S., additional, Brandt, I., additional, Nilsen, T. S., additional, Harris, J. R., additional, Sung, J., additional, Park, H. A., additional, Lee, J., additional, Lee, S. J., additional, Willemsen, G., additional, Bartels, M., additional, van Beijsterveldt, C. E. M., additional, Llewellyn, C. H., additional, Fisher, A., additional, Rebato, E., additional, Busjahn, A., additional, Tomizawa, R., additional, Inui, F., additional, Watanabe, M., additional, Honda, C., additional, Sakai, N., additional, Hur, Y.-M., additional, Sørensen, T. I. A., additional, Boomsma, D. I., additional, and Kaprio, J., additional

Published
2019
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22. The CODATwins Project: The Current Status and Recent Findings of COllaborative Project of Development of Anthropometrical Measures in Twins

Author

Silventoinen, K., Jelenkovic, A., Yokoyama, Y., Sund, R., Sugawara, M., Tanaka, M., Matsumoto, S., Bogl, L. H., Freitas, D. L., Maia, J. A., Hjelmborg, J. v. B., Aaltonen, S., Piirtola, M., Latvala, A., Calais-Ferreira, L., Oliveira, V. C., Ferreira, P. H., Ji, F., Ning, F., Pang, Z., Ordonana, J. R., Sanchez-Romera, J. F., Colodro-Conde, L., Burt, S. A., Klump, K. L., Martin, N. G., Medland, S. E., Montgomery, G. W., Kandler, C., McAdams, T. A., Eley, T. C., Gregory, A. M., Saudino, K. J., Dubois, L., Boivin, M., Brendgen, M., Dionne, G., Vitaro, F., Tarnoki, A. D., Tarnoki, D. L., Haworth, C. M. A., Plomin, R., Oncel, S. Y., Aliev, F., Medda, E., Nistico, L., Toccaceli, V., Craig, J. M., Saffery, R., Siribaddana, S. H., Hotopf, M., Sumathipala, A., Rijsdijk, F., Jeong, H. -U., Spector, T., Mangino, M., Lachance, G., Gatz, M., Butler, D. A., Gao, W., Yu, C., Li, L., Bayasgalan, G., Narandalai, D., Harden, K. P., Tucker-Drob, E. M., Christensen, K., Skytthe, A., Kyvik, K. O., Derom, C. A., Vlietinck, R. F., Loos, R. J. F., Cozen, W., Hwang, A. E., Mack, T. M., He, M., Ding, X., Silberg, J. L., Maes, H. H., Cutler, T. L., Hopper, J. L., Magnusson, P. K. E., Pedersen, N. L., Dahl Aslan, A. K., Baker, L. A., Tuvblad, C., Bjerregaard-Andersen, M., Beck-Nielsen, H., Sodemann, M., Ullemar, V., Almqvist, C., Tan, Q., Zhang, D., Swan, G. E., Krasnow, R., Jang, K. L., Knafo-Noam, A., Mankuta, D., Abramson, L., Lichtenstein, P., Krueger, R. F., McGue, M., Pahlen, S., Tynelius, P., Rasmussen, F., Duncan, G. E., Buchwald, D., Corley, R. P., Huibregtse, B. M., Nelson, T. L., Whitfield, K. E., Franz, C. E., Kremen, W. S., Lyons, M. J., Ooki, S., Brandt, I., Nilsen, T. S., Harris, J. R., Sung, J., Park, H. A., Lee, J., Lee, S. J., Willemsen, G., Bartels, M., Van Beijsterveldt, C. E. M., Llewellyn, C. H., Fisher, A., Rebato, E., Busjahn, A., Tomizawa, R., Inui, F., Watanabe, M., Honda, C., Sakai, N., Hur, Y. -M., Sørensen, T. I. A., Boomsma, D. I., Kaprio, J., Silventoinen, K., Jelenkovic, A., Yokoyama, Y., Sund, R., Sugawara, M., Tanaka, M., Matsumoto, S., Bogl, L. H., Freitas, D. L., Maia, J. A., Hjelmborg, J. v. B., Aaltonen, S., Piirtola, M., Latvala, A., Calais-Ferreira, L., Oliveira, V. C., Ferreira, P. H., Ji, F., Ning, F., Pang, Z., Ordonana, J. R., Sanchez-Romera, J. F., Colodro-Conde, L., Burt, S. A., Klump, K. L., Martin, N. G., Medland, S. E., Montgomery, G. W., Kandler, C., McAdams, T. A., Eley, T. C., Gregory, A. M., Saudino, K. J., Dubois, L., Boivin, M., Brendgen, M., Dionne, G., Vitaro, F., Tarnoki, A. D., Tarnoki, D. L., Haworth, C. M. A., Plomin, R., Oncel, S. Y., Aliev, F., Medda, E., Nistico, L., Toccaceli, V., Craig, J. M., Saffery, R., Siribaddana, S. H., Hotopf, M., Sumathipala, A., Rijsdijk, F., Jeong, H. -U., Spector, T., Mangino, M., Lachance, G., Gatz, M., Butler, D. A., Gao, W., Yu, C., Li, L., Bayasgalan, G., Narandalai, D., Harden, K. P., Tucker-Drob, E. M., Christensen, K., Skytthe, A., Kyvik, K. O., Derom, C. A., Vlietinck, R. F., Loos, R. J. F., Cozen, W., Hwang, A. E., Mack, T. M., He, M., Ding, X., Silberg, J. L., Maes, H. H., Cutler, T. L., Hopper, J. L., Magnusson, P. K. E., Pedersen, N. L., Dahl Aslan, A. K., Baker, L. A., Tuvblad, C., Bjerregaard-Andersen, M., Beck-Nielsen, H., Sodemann, M., Ullemar, V., Almqvist, C., Tan, Q., Zhang, D., Swan, G. E., Krasnow, R., Jang, K. L., Knafo-Noam, A., Mankuta, D., Abramson, L., Lichtenstein, P., Krueger, R. F., McGue, M., Pahlen, S., Tynelius, P., Rasmussen, F., Duncan, G. E., Buchwald, D., Corley, R. P., Huibregtse, B. M., Nelson, T. L., Whitfield, K. E., Franz, C. E., Kremen, W. S., Lyons, M. J., Ooki, S., Brandt, I., Nilsen, T. S., Harris, J. R., Sung, J., Park, H. A., Lee, J., Lee, S. J., Willemsen, G., Bartels, M., Van Beijsterveldt, C. E. M., Llewellyn, C. H., Fisher, A., Rebato, E., Busjahn, A., Tomizawa, R., Inui, F., Watanabe, M., Honda, C., Sakai, N., Hur, Y. -M., Sørensen, T. I. A., Boomsma, D. I., and Kaprio, J.

Published
2019

23. The CODATwins Project: The Current Status and Recent Findings of COllaborative Project of Development of Anthropometrical Measures in Twins

Author

Silventoinen, K, Jelenkovic, A, Yokoyama, Y, Sund, R, Sugawara, M, Tanaka, M, Matsumoto, S, Bogl, L H, Freitas, D L, Maia, J A, Hjelmborg, J V B, Aaltonen, S, Piirtola, M, Latvala, A, Calais-Ferreira, L, Oliveira, V C, Ferreira, P H, Ji, F, Ning, F, Pang, Z, Ordoñana, J R, Sánchez-Romera, J F, Colodro-Conde, L, Burt, S A, Klump, K L, Martin, N G, Medland, S E, Montgomery, G W, Kandler, C, McAdams, T A, Eley, T C, Gregory, A M, Saudino, K J, Dubois, L, Boivin, M, Brendgen, M, Dionne, G, Vitaro, F, Tarnoki, A D, Tarnoki, D L, Haworth, C M A, Plomin, R, Öncel, S Y, Aliev, F, Medda, E, Nisticò, L, Toccaceli, V, Craig, J M, Saffery, R, Siribaddana, S H, Hotopf, M, Sumathipala, A, Rijsdijk, F, Jeong, H-U, Spector, T, Mangino, M, Lachance, G, Gatz, M, Butler, D A, Gao, W, Yu, C, Li, L, Bayasgalan, G, Narandalai, D, Harden, K P, Tucker-Drob, E M, Christensen, K, Skytthe, A, Kyvik, K O, Derom, C A, Vlietinck, R F, Loos, R J F, Cozen, W, Hwang, A E, Mack, T M, He, M, Ding, X, Silberg, J L, Maes, H H, Cutler, T L, Hopper, J L, Magnusson, P K E, Pedersen, N L, Dahl Aslan, A K, Baker, L A, Tuvblad, C, Bjerregaard-Andersen, M, Beck-Nielsen, H, Sodemann, M, Ullemar, V, Almqvist, C, Tan, Q, Zhang, D, Swan, G E, Krasnow, R, Jang, K L, Knafo-Noam, A, Mankuta, D, Abramson, L, Lichtenstein, P, Krueger, R F, McGue, M, Pahlen, S, Tynelius, P, Rasmussen, F, Duncan, G E, Buchwald, D, Corley, R P, Huibregtse, B M, Nelson, T L, Whitfield, K E, Franz, C E, Kremen, W S, Lyons, M J, Ooki, S, Brandt, I, Nilsen, T S, Harris, J R, Sung, J, Park, H A, Lee, J, Lee, S J, Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, C.E.M., Llewellyn, C H, Fisher, A, Rebato, E, Busjahn, A, Tomizawa, R, Inui, F, Watanabe, M, Honda, C, Sakai, N, Hur, Y-M, Sørensen, T I A, Boomsma, D.I., Kaprio, J, Silventoinen, K, Jelenkovic, A, Yokoyama, Y, Sund, R, Sugawara, M, Tanaka, M, Matsumoto, S, Bogl, L H, Freitas, D L, Maia, J A, Hjelmborg, J V B, Aaltonen, S, Piirtola, M, Latvala, A, Calais-Ferreira, L, Oliveira, V C, Ferreira, P H, Ji, F, Ning, F, Pang, Z, Ordoñana, J R, Sánchez-Romera, J F, Colodro-Conde, L, Burt, S A, Klump, K L, Martin, N G, Medland, S E, Montgomery, G W, Kandler, C, McAdams, T A, Eley, T C, Gregory, A M, Saudino, K J, Dubois, L, Boivin, M, Brendgen, M, Dionne, G, Vitaro, F, Tarnoki, A D, Tarnoki, D L, Haworth, C M A, Plomin, R, Öncel, S Y, Aliev, F, Medda, E, Nisticò, L, Toccaceli, V, Craig, J M, Saffery, R, Siribaddana, S H, Hotopf, M, Sumathipala, A, Rijsdijk, F, Jeong, H-U, Spector, T, Mangino, M, Lachance, G, Gatz, M, Butler, D A, Gao, W, Yu, C, Li, L, Bayasgalan, G, Narandalai, D, Harden, K P, Tucker-Drob, E M, Christensen, K, Skytthe, A, Kyvik, K O, Derom, C A, Vlietinck, R F, Loos, R J F, Cozen, W, Hwang, A E, Mack, T M, He, M, Ding, X, Silberg, J L, Maes, H H, Cutler, T L, Hopper, J L, Magnusson, P K E, Pedersen, N L, Dahl Aslan, A K, Baker, L A, Tuvblad, C, Bjerregaard-Andersen, M, Beck-Nielsen, H, Sodemann, M, Ullemar, V, Almqvist, C, Tan, Q, Zhang, D, Swan, G E, Krasnow, R, Jang, K L, Knafo-Noam, A, Mankuta, D, Abramson, L, Lichtenstein, P, Krueger, R F, McGue, M, Pahlen, S, Tynelius, P, Rasmussen, F, Duncan, G E, Buchwald, D, Corley, R P, Huibregtse, B M, Nelson, T L, Whitfield, K E, Franz, C E, Kremen, W S, Lyons, M J, Ooki, S, Brandt, I, Nilsen, T S, Harris, J R, Sung, J, Park, H A, Lee, J, Lee, S J, Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, C.E.M., Llewellyn, C H, Fisher, A, Rebato, E, Busjahn, A, Tomizawa, R, Inui, F, Watanabe, M, Honda, C, Sakai, N, Hur, Y-M, Sørensen, T I A, Boomsma, D.I., and Kaprio, J

Abstract

The COllaborative project of Development of Anthropometrical measures in Twins (CODATwins) project is a large international collaborative effort to analyze individual-level phenotype data from twins in multiple cohorts from different environments. The main objective is to study factors that modify genetic and environmental variation of height, body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) and size at birth, and additionally to address other research questions such as long-term consequences of birth size. The project started in 2013 and is open to all twin projects in the world having height and weight measures on twins with information on zygosity. Thus far, 54 twin projects from 24 countries have provided individual-level data. The CODATwins database includes 489,981 twin individuals (228,635 complete twin pairs). Since many twin cohorts have collected longitudinal data, there is a total of 1,049,785 height and weight observations. For many cohorts, we also have information on birth weight and length, own smoking behavior and own or parental education. We found that the heritability estimates of height and BMI systematically changed from infancy to old age. Remarkably, only minor differences in the heritability estimates were found across cultural-geographic regions, measurement time and birth cohort for height and BMI. In addition to genetic epidemiological studies, we looked at associations of height and BMI with education, birth weight and smoking status. Within-family analyses examined differences within same-sex and opposite-sex dizygotic twins in birth size and later development. The CODATwins project demonstrates the feasibility and value of international collaboration to address gene-by-exposure interactions that require large sample sizes and address the effects of different exposures across time, geographical regions and socioeconomic status.

Published
2019
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27. Associations between birth size and later height from infancy through adulthood: An individual based pooled analysis of 28 twin cohorts participating in the CODATwins project

Author

Jelenkovic, A, Yokoyama, Y, Sund, R, Hur, Y-M, Harris, JR, Brandt, I, Nilsen, TS, Ooki, S, Ullemar, V, Almqvist, C, Magnusson, PKE, Saudino, KJ, Stazi, MA, Fagnani, C, Brescianini, S, Nelson, TL, Whitfield, KE, Knafo-Noam, A, Mankuta, D, Abramson, L, Cutler, TL, Hopper, JL, Llewellyn, CH, Fisher, A, Corley, RP, Huibregtse, BM, Derom, CA, Vlietinck, RF, Bjerregaard-Andersen, M, Nielsen, HB, Sodemann, M, Krueger, RF, McGue, M, Pahlen, S, Burt, SA, Klump, KL, Dubois, L, Boivin, M, Brendgen, M, Dionne, G, Vitaro, F, Willemsen, G, Bartels, M, van Beijsterveld, CEM, Craig, JM, Saffery, R, Rasmussen, F, Tynelius, P, Heikkila, K, Pietilainen, KH, Bayasgalan, G, Narandalai, D, Haworth, CMA, Plomin, R, Ji, F, Ning, F, Pang, Z, Rebato, E, Tarnoki, AD, Tarnoki, DL, Kim, J, Lee, J, Lee, S, Sung, J, Loos, RJF, Boomsma, DI, Sorensen, TIA, Kaprio, J, Silventoinen, K, Jelenkovic, A, Yokoyama, Y, Sund, R, Hur, Y-M, Harris, JR, Brandt, I, Nilsen, TS, Ooki, S, Ullemar, V, Almqvist, C, Magnusson, PKE, Saudino, KJ, Stazi, MA, Fagnani, C, Brescianini, S, Nelson, TL, Whitfield, KE, Knafo-Noam, A, Mankuta, D, Abramson, L, Cutler, TL, Hopper, JL, Llewellyn, CH, Fisher, A, Corley, RP, Huibregtse, BM, Derom, CA, Vlietinck, RF, Bjerregaard-Andersen, M, Nielsen, HB, Sodemann, M, Krueger, RF, McGue, M, Pahlen, S, Burt, SA, Klump, KL, Dubois, L, Boivin, M, Brendgen, M, Dionne, G, Vitaro, F, Willemsen, G, Bartels, M, van Beijsterveld, CEM, Craig, JM, Saffery, R, Rasmussen, F, Tynelius, P, Heikkila, K, Pietilainen, KH, Bayasgalan, G, Narandalai, D, Haworth, CMA, Plomin, R, Ji, F, Ning, F, Pang, Z, Rebato, E, Tarnoki, AD, Tarnoki, DL, Kim, J, Lee, J, Lee, S, Sung, J, Loos, RJF, Boomsma, DI, Sorensen, TIA, Kaprio, J, and Silventoinen, K

Abstract

BACKGROUND: There is evidence that birth size is positively associated with height in later life, but it remains unclear whether this is explained by genetic factors or the intrauterine environment. AIM: To analyze the associations of birth weight, length and ponderal index with height from infancy through adulthood within mono- and dizygotic twin pairs, which provides insights into the role of genetic and environmental individual-specific factors. METHODS: This study is based on the data from 28 twin cohorts in 17 countries. The pooled data included 41,852 complete twin pairs (55% monozygotic and 45% same-sex dizygotic) with information on birth weight and a total of 112,409 paired height measurements at ages ranging from 1 to 69 years. Birth length was available for 19,881 complete twin pairs, with a total of 72,692 paired height measurements. The association between birth size and later height was analyzed at both the individual and within-pair level by linear regression analyses. RESULTS: Within twin pairs, regression coefficients showed that a 1-kg increase in birth weight and a 1-cm increase in birth length were associated with 1.14-4.25 cm and 0.18-0.90 cm taller height, respectively. The magnitude of the associations was generally greater within dizygotic than within monozygotic twin pairs, and this difference between zygosities was more pronounced for birth length. CONCLUSION: Both genetic and individual-specific environmental factors play a role in the association between birth size and later height from infancy to adulthood, with a larger role for genetics in the association with birth length than with birth weight.

Published
2018

28. Birth size and gestational age in opposite-sex twins as compared to same-sex twins: An individual-based pooled analysis of 21 cohorts

Author

Jelenkovic, A, Sund, R, Yokoyama, Y, Hur, Y-M, Ullemar, V, Almqvist, C, Magnusson, PKE, Willemsen, G, Bartels, M, van Beijsterveldt, CEM, Bogl, LH, Pietilainen, KH, Vuoksimaa, E, Ji, F, Ning, F, Pang, Z, Nelson, TL, Whitfield, KE, Rebato, E, Llewellyn, CH, Fisher, A, Bayasgalan, G, Narandalai, D, Bjerregaard-Andersen, M, Beck-Nielsen, H, Sodemann, M, Tarnoki, AD, Tarnoki, DL, Ooki, S, Stazi, MA, Fagnani, C, Brescianini, S, Dubois, L, Boivin, M, Brendgen, M, Dionne, G, Vitaro, F, Cutler, TL, Hopper, JL, Krueger, RF, McGue, M, Pahlen, S, Craig, JM, Saffery, R, Haworth, CMA, Plomin, R, Knafo-Noam, A, Mankuta, D, Abramson, L, Burt, SA, Klump, KL, Vlietinck, RF, Derom, CA, Loos, RJF, Boomsma, DI, Sorensen, TIA, Kaprio, J, Silventoinen, K, Jelenkovic, A, Sund, R, Yokoyama, Y, Hur, Y-M, Ullemar, V, Almqvist, C, Magnusson, PKE, Willemsen, G, Bartels, M, van Beijsterveldt, CEM, Bogl, LH, Pietilainen, KH, Vuoksimaa, E, Ji, F, Ning, F, Pang, Z, Nelson, TL, Whitfield, KE, Rebato, E, Llewellyn, CH, Fisher, A, Bayasgalan, G, Narandalai, D, Bjerregaard-Andersen, M, Beck-Nielsen, H, Sodemann, M, Tarnoki, AD, Tarnoki, DL, Ooki, S, Stazi, MA, Fagnani, C, Brescianini, S, Dubois, L, Boivin, M, Brendgen, M, Dionne, G, Vitaro, F, Cutler, TL, Hopper, JL, Krueger, RF, McGue, M, Pahlen, S, Craig, JM, Saffery, R, Haworth, CMA, Plomin, R, Knafo-Noam, A, Mankuta, D, Abramson, L, Burt, SA, Klump, KL, Vlietinck, RF, Derom, CA, Loos, RJF, Boomsma, DI, Sorensen, TIA, Kaprio, J, and Silventoinen, K

Abstract

It is well established that boys are born heavier and longer than girls, but it remains unclear whether birth size in twins is affected by the sex of their co-twin. We conducted an individual-based pooled analysis of 21 twin cohorts in 15 countries derived from the COllaborative project of Development of Anthropometrical measures in Twins (CODATwins), including 67,850 dizygotic twin individuals. Linear regression analyses showed that boys having a co-twin sister were, on average, 31 g (95% CI 18 to 45) heavier and 0.16 cm (95% CI 0.045 to 0.274) longer than those with a co-twin brother. In girls, birth size was not associated (5 g birth weight; 95% CI -8 to -18 and -0.089 cm birth length; 95% CI -0.202 to 0.025) with the sex of the co-twin. Gestational age was slightly shorter in boy-boy pairs than in boy-girl and girl-girl pairs. When birth size was standardized by gestational age, the magnitude of the associations was attenuated in boys, particularly for birth weight. In conclusion, boys with a co-twin sister are heavier and longer at birth than those with a co-twin brother. However, these differences are modest and partly explained by a longer gestation in the presence of a co-twin sister.

Published
2018

30. Implementation of Tuberculosis Intensive Case Finding, Isoniazid Preventive Therapy, and Infection Control ('Three I's') and HIV-Tuberculosis Service Integration in Lower Income Countries

Author

Charles, M.K., Lindegren, M.L., Wester, C.W., Blevins, M., Sterling, T.R., Dung, N.T., Dusingize, J.C., Avit-Edi, D., Durier, N., Castelnuovo, B., Nakigozi, G., Cortes, C.P., Ballif, M., Fenner, L., Ajayi, S., Anastos, K., Bashi, J., Bishai, W., Boulle, A., Braitstein, P., Carriquiry, G., Carter, J.E., Cegielski, P., Chimbetete, C., Davies, M.-A., Diero, L., Duda, S., Egger, M., Eboua, T.F., Gasser, A., Geng, E., Gnokori, J.C., Hardwicke, L., Hoffmann, C., Huebner, R., Kancheya, N., Kiertiburanakul, S., Kim, P., Lameck, D., Leroy, V., Lewden, C., Mandalakas, A., Maskew, M., McKaig, R., Mofenson, L., Mpoudi-Etame, M., Okwara, B., Phiri, S., Prasitsuebsai, W., Petit, A., Prozesky, H., Reid, S.E., Renner, L., Reubenson, G., Sohn, A., Vo, Q., Walker, D., Wehbe, F., Wejse, C., Williams, C., Wood, R., Wools-Kaloustian, K., Yao, Z., Yunihastuti, E., Zhang, F.J., Zhao, H.X., Han, N., Merati, T.P., Wirawan, D.N., Yuliana, F., Ditangco, R., Uy, E., Bantique, R., Phanuphak, P., Ruxrungtham, K., Avihingsanon, A., Khongphattanayothin, M., Sungkanuparph, S., Sanmeema, N., Chaiwarith, R., Sirisanthana, T., Kotarathititum, W., Pham, T.T., Cuong, D.D., Ha, H.L., Nguyen, V.K., Bui, V.H., Nguyen, T.D., Sohn, A.H., Petersen, B., Cooper, D.A., Law, M.G., Jiamsakul, A., Boettiger, D.C., Wati, D.K., Atmikasari, L.P.P., Malino, I.Y., Nallusamy, R., Chan, K.C., Lumbiganon, P., Kosalaraksa, P., Tharnprisan, P., Udomphanit, T., Phongsamart, W., Wittawatmongkol, O., Dung, K.T.K., Lam, N.V., An, P.N., Loan, N.T., Truong, H.K., Du, T.Q., Chau, N.H., Do, C.V., Ha, M.T., Nipathakosol, P., Kariminia, A., Mutimura, E., Gitembagara, A., Tatwangire, J., Izabelle, I., Niyongabo, T., Twizere, C., Baramperanye, E., Edmonds, A., Yotebieng, M., Azinyue, I., Ayangma, L., Dickinson, D., Eley, B., Fritz, C., Garone, D., Giddy, J., MacPhail, P., Moultrie, H., Ndirangu, J., Pestilli, S., Rabie, H., Stringer, J., Technau, K., Graber, C., Kaeser, F., Keiser, O., Cornell, M., Maxwell, N., Zannou, D.M., Ahouada, C., Akakpo, J., Ahomadegbé, C., Gougounon-Houéto, A., Azon-Kouanou, A., Houngbé, F., Sehonou, J., Koumakpaï, S., Alihonou, F., D'Almeida, M., Hodonou, I., Hounhoui, G., Sagbo, G., Tossa-Bagnan, L., Adjide, H., Drabo, J., Bognounou, R., Dienderé, A., Traore, E., Zoungrana, L., Zerbo, B., Sawadogo, A.B., Zoungrana, J., Héma, A., Soré, I., Bado, G., Tapsoba, A., Yé, D., Kouéta, F., Ouedraogo, S., Ouédraogo, R., Hiembo, W., Gansonré, M., Messou, E., Gnokoro, J.C., Koné, M., Kouakou, G.M., Bosse, C.A., Brou, K., Assi, A.I., Chenal, H., Hawerlander, D., Soppi, F., Minga, A., Abo, Y., Yoboue, J.-M., Eholié, S.P., Amego, M.D.N., Andavi, V., Diallo, Z., Ello, F., Tanon, A.K., Koule, S.O., Anzan, K.C., Guehi, C., Aka, E.A., Issouf, K.L., Kouakou, J.-C., N'Gbeche, M.-S., Pety, T., Kouakou, K., Moh, M., Yao, V.A., Folquet, M.A., Dainguy, M.-E., Kouakou, C., Méa-Assande, V.T., Oka-Berete, G., Zobo, N., Acquah, P., Kokora, M.-B., Timité-Konan, M., Ahoussou, L.D., Assouan, J.K., Sami, M.F., Kouadio, C., Goka, B., Welbeck, J., Sackey, A., Owiafe, S.N., Da Silva, Z.J., Paulo, J., Rodrigues, A., Da Silva, D., Medina, C., Oliviera-Souto, I., Østergaard, L., Laursen, A., Sodemann, M., Aaby, P., Fomsgaard, A., Erikstrup, C., Eugen-Olsen, J., Maïga, M.Y., Diakité, F.F., Kalle, A., Katile, D., Traore, H.A., Minta, D., Cissé, T., Dembelé, M., Doumbia, M., Fomba, M., Kaya, A.S., Traoré, A.M., Traoré, H., Toure, A.A., Dicko, F., Sylla, M., Berthé, A., Traoré, H.C., Koïta, A., Koné, N., N'Diaye, C., Coulibaly, S.T., Traoré, M., Traoré, N., Charurat, M., Alim, G., Dapiap, S., Otu, Igbinoba, F., Benson, O., Adebamowo, C., James, J., Obaseki, Osakede, P., Olasode, J., Seydi, M., Sow, P.S., Diop, B., Manga, N.M., Tine, J.M., Bassabi, C.C., Sy, H.S., Ba, A., Diagne, A., Dior, H., Faye, M., Gueye, R.D., Mbaye, A.D., Patassi, A., Kotosso, A., Kariyare, B.G., Gbadamassi, G., Komi, A., Mensah-Zukong, K.E., Pakpame, P., Lawson-Evi, A.K., Atakouma, Y., Takassi, E., Djeha, A., Ephoévigah, A., Djibril, S.E.-H., Dabis, F., Bissagnene, E., Arrivé, E., Coffie, P., Ekouevi, D., Jaquet, A., Sasco, A.J., Amani, D., Azani, J.-C., Balestre, E., Bessekon, S., Bohossou, F., Gilbert, C., Karcher, S., Gonsan, J.M., Le Carrou, J., Lenaud, S., Nchot, C., Malateste, K., Yao, A.R., Siloué, B., Clouet, G., Dosso, M., Doring, A., Kouakou, A., Rabourdin, E., Rivenc, J., Anglaret, X., Ba, B., Essanin, J.B., Ciaranello, A., Datté, S., Desmonde, S., Diby, J.-S.E., Gottlieb, G.S., Horo, A.G., Kangah, S.N., Malvy, D., Meless, D., Mounkaila-Harouna, A., Ndondoki, C., Shiboski, C., Tchounga, B., Thiébaut, R., Wandeler, G., McGowan, C., Cahn, P., Gotuzzo Herencia, José Eduardo, Reyes, M.W., Grinsztejn, B., Pape, J.W., Padgett, D., and Madero, J.S.

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Program evaluation, Bacterial Diseases, poverty, Physiology, Antitubercular Agents, lcsh:Medicine, HIV Infections, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Occupational safety and health, Geographical Locations, 0302 clinical medicine, case finding, Health care, lowest income group, Medicine and Health Sciences, Coughing, Medicine, Infection control, 030212 general & internal medicine, lcsh:Science, fever, Multidisciplinary, antiretrovirus agent, adult, HIV diagnosis and management, sputum smear, Vaccination and Immunization, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Caribbean Region, Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Management, protective equipment, tuberculosis control, Research Article, medicine.medical_specialty, isoniazid, Tuberculosis, Asia, integrated health care system, 030106 microbiology, HIV prevention, Immunology, Developing country, Antiretroviral Therapy, complication, 610 Medicine & health, World Health Organization, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Signs and Symptoms, Tuberculosis diagnosis, Antiviral Therapy, Human immunodeficiency virus infection, night sweat, 360 Social problems & social services, Environmental health, parasitic diseases, Isoniazid, Humans, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.01.05 [https], human, coughing, Poverty, tuberculin test, Caribbean, Preventive medicine, Infection Control, AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections, business.industry, screening, lcsh:R, Biology and Life Sciences, occupational safety, South America, medicine.disease, Tropical Diseases, Diagnostic medicine, mask, Public and occupational health, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.02.07 [https], People and Places, Africa, Physical therapy, tuberculostatic agent, lcsh:Q, weight reduction, business, Physiological Processes
Abstract

SETTING World Health Organization advocates for integration of HIV-tuberculosis (TB) services and recommends intensive case finding (ICF), isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT), and infection control ("Three I's") for TB prevention and control among persons living with HIV. OBJECTIVE To assess the implementation of the "Three I's" of TB-control at HIV treatment sites in lower income countries. DESIGN Survey conducted between March-July, 2012 at 47 sites in 26 countries: 6 (13%) Asia Pacific, 7 (15%), Caribbean, Central and South America, 5 (10%) Central Africa, 8 (17%) East Africa, 14 (30%) Southern Africa, and 7 (15%) West Africa. RESULTS ICF using symptom-based screening was performed at 38% of sites; 45% of sites used symptom-screening plus additional diagnostics. IPT at enrollment or ART initiation was implemented in only 17% of sites, with 9% of sites providing IPT to tuberculin-skin-test positive patients. Infection control measures varied: 62% of sites separated smear-positive patients, and healthcare workers used masks at 57% of sites. Only 12 (26%) sites integrated HIV-TB services. Integration was not associated with implementation of TB prevention measures except for IPT provision at enrollment (42% integrated vs. 9% non-integrated; p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Implementation of TB screening, IPT provision, and infection control measures was low and variable across regional HIV treatment sites, regardless of integration status.

Published
2016
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31. Awareness, attitudes and perceptions regarding HIV and PMTCT amongst pregnant women in Guinea-Bissau- a qualitative study

Author

Vieira, N, Rasmussen, DN, Oliveira, I, Gomes, A, Aaby, P, Wejse, C, Sodemann, M, Reynolds, L, Unger, HW, Vieira, N, Rasmussen, DN, Oliveira, I, Gomes, A, Aaby, P, Wejse, C, Sodemann, M, Reynolds, L, and Unger, HW

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to be a major cause of maternal and infant mortality and morbidity in sub-Saharan Africa. Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) strategies have proven effective in decreasing the number of children infected in utero, intrapartum and during the breastfeeding period. This qualitative study explores knowledge and perceptions of HIV amongst pregnant women, healthcare workers' experiences of the national PMTCT services, and barriers to PMTCT, during a period of programme scale-up in urban Guinea-Bissau (2010-11). METHODS: In-depth interviews were undertaken amongst 27 women and 19 key informants at local antenatal clinics and the national maternity ward in Bissau, Guinea-Bissau. RESULTS: Amongst women who had been tested for HIV, awareness and knowledge of HIV and PMTCT remained low. Testing without informed consent was reported in some cases, in particular when the test was performed around the time of delivery. Possible drivers of inadequate counselling included lack of confidentiality, suboptimal healthcare worker training, lack of time, and perceived occupational risk. Demand-side barriers to PMTCT included lack of HIV and PMTCT knowledge, customary and cultural beliefs associated with HIV and ill-health, HIV stigma and discrimination, and fear of partnership dissolution. CONCLUSIONS: Socio-cultural and operational challenges, including HIV testing without informed consent, present significant barriers to the scale-up of PMTCT services in Bissau. Strengthening local capacity for effective counselling and testing in the antenatal setting is paramount. Further research into local customary beliefs relating to HIV is warranted.

Published
2017

32. Association between birthweight and later body mass index: an individual-based pooled analysis of 27 twin cohorts participating in the CODATwins project

Author

Jelenkovic, A, Yokoyama, Y, Sund, R, Pietilainen, KH, Hur, Y-M, Willemsen, G, Bartels, M, van Beijsterveldt, TCEM, Ooki, S, Saudino, KJ, Stazi, MA, Fagnani, C, D'Ippolito, C, Nelson, TL, Whitfield, KE, Knafo-Noam, A, Mankuta, D, Abramson, L, Heikkila, K, Cutler, TL, Hopper, JL, Wardle, J, Llewellyn, CH, Fisher, A, Corley, RP, Huibregtse, BM, Derom, CA, Vlietinck, RF, Loos, RJF, Bjerregaard-Andersen, M, Beck-Nielsen, H, Sodemann, M, Tarnoki, AD, LTarnoki, D, Burt, SA, Klump, KL, Ordonana, JR, Sanchez-Romera, JF, Colodro-Conde, L, Dubois, L, Boivin, M, Brendgen, M, Dionne, G, Vitaro, F, Harris, JR, Brandt, L, Nilsen, TS, Craig, JM, Saffery, R, Rasmussen, F, Tynelius, P, Bayasgalan, G, Narandalai, D, Haworth, CMA, Plomin, R, Ji, F, Ning, F, Pang, Z, Rebato, E, Krueger, RF, Mcgue, M, Pahlen, S, Boomsma, DI, Sorensen, TIA, Kaprio, J, Silventoinen, K, Jelenkovic, A, Yokoyama, Y, Sund, R, Pietilainen, KH, Hur, Y-M, Willemsen, G, Bartels, M, van Beijsterveldt, TCEM, Ooki, S, Saudino, KJ, Stazi, MA, Fagnani, C, D'Ippolito, C, Nelson, TL, Whitfield, KE, Knafo-Noam, A, Mankuta, D, Abramson, L, Heikkila, K, Cutler, TL, Hopper, JL, Wardle, J, Llewellyn, CH, Fisher, A, Corley, RP, Huibregtse, BM, Derom, CA, Vlietinck, RF, Loos, RJF, Bjerregaard-Andersen, M, Beck-Nielsen, H, Sodemann, M, Tarnoki, AD, LTarnoki, D, Burt, SA, Klump, KL, Ordonana, JR, Sanchez-Romera, JF, Colodro-Conde, L, Dubois, L, Boivin, M, Brendgen, M, Dionne, G, Vitaro, F, Harris, JR, Brandt, L, Nilsen, TS, Craig, JM, Saffery, R, Rasmussen, F, Tynelius, P, Bayasgalan, G, Narandalai, D, Haworth, CMA, Plomin, R, Ji, F, Ning, F, Pang, Z, Rebato, E, Krueger, RF, Mcgue, M, Pahlen, S, Boomsma, DI, Sorensen, TIA, Kaprio, J, and Silventoinen, K

Abstract

BACKGROUND: There is evidence that birthweight is positively associated with body mass index (BMI) in later life, but it remains unclear whether this is explained by genetic factors or the intrauterine environment. We analysed the association between birthweight and BMI from infancy to adulthood within twin pairs, which provides insights into the role of genetic and environmental individual-specific factors. METHODS: This study is based on the data from 27 twin cohorts in 17 countries. The pooled data included 78 642 twin individuals (20 635 monozygotic and 18 686 same-sex dizygotic twin pairs) with information on birthweight and a total of 214 930 BMI measurements at ages ranging from 1 to 49 years. The association between birthweight and BMI was analysed at both the individual and within-pair levels using linear regression analyses. RESULTS: At the individual level, a 1-kg increase in birthweight was linearly associated with up to 0.9 kg/m2 higher BMI (P < 0.001). Within twin pairs, regression coefficients were generally greater (up to 1.2 kg/m2 per kg birthweight, P < 0.001) than those from the individual-level analyses. Intra-pair associations between birthweight and later BMI were similar in both zygosity groups and sexes and were lower in adulthood. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that environmental factors unique to each individual have an important role in the positive association between birthweight and later BMI, at least until young adulthood.

Published
2017

33. Genetic and environmental effects on body mass index from infancy to the onset of adulthood: an individual-based pooled analysis of 45 twin cohorts participating in the COllaborative project of Development of Anthropometrical measures in Twins (CODATwins)

Author

Silventoinen, K, Jelenkovic, A, Sund, R, Hur, Y-M, Yokoyama, Y, Honda, C, Hjelmborg, JV, Möller, S, Ooki, S, Aaltonen, S, Ji, F, Ning, F, Pang, Z, Rebato, E, Busjahn, A, Kandler, C, Saudino, KJ, Jang, KL, Cozen, W, Hwang, AE, Mack, TM, Gao, W, Yu, C, Li, L, Corley, RP, Huibregtse, BM, Christensen, K, Skytthe, A, Kyvik, KO, Derom, CA, Vlietinck, RF, Loos, RJ, Heikkilä, K, Wardle, J, Llewellyn, CH, Fisher, A, McAdams, TA, Eley, TC, Gregory, AM, He, M, Ding, X, Bjerregaard-Andersen, M, Beck-Nielsen, H, Sodemann, M, Tarnoki, AD, Tarnoki, DL, Stazi, MA, Fagnani, C, D'Ippolito, C, Knafo-Noam, A, Mankuta, D, Abramson, L, Burt, SA, Klump, KL, Silberg, JL, Eaves, LJ, Maes, HH, Krueger, RF, McGue, M, Pahlen, S, Gatz, M, Butler, DA, Bartels, M, van Beijsterveldt, TC, Craig, Jeffrey, Saffery, R, Freitas, DL, Maia, JA, Dubois, L, Boivin, M, Brendgen, M, Dionne, G, Vitaro, F, Martin, NG, Medland, SE, Montgomery, GW, Chong, Y, Swan, GE, Krasnow, R, Magnusson, PK, Pedersen, NL, Tynelius, P, Lichtenstein, P, Haworth, CM, Plomin, R, Bayasgalan, G, Narandalai, D, Harden, KP, Tucker-Drob, EM, Öncel, SY, Aliev, F, Spector, T, Mangino, M, Lachance, G, Baker, LA, Tuvblad, C, Duncan, GE, Buchwald, D, Willemsen, G, Rasmussen, F, Goldberg, JH, Sørensen, TI, Boomsma, DI, Kaprio, J, Silventoinen, K, Jelenkovic, A, Sund, R, Hur, Y-M, Yokoyama, Y, Honda, C, Hjelmborg, JV, Möller, S, Ooki, S, Aaltonen, S, Ji, F, Ning, F, Pang, Z, Rebato, E, Busjahn, A, Kandler, C, Saudino, KJ, Jang, KL, Cozen, W, Hwang, AE, Mack, TM, Gao, W, Yu, C, Li, L, Corley, RP, Huibregtse, BM, Christensen, K, Skytthe, A, Kyvik, KO, Derom, CA, Vlietinck, RF, Loos, RJ, Heikkilä, K, Wardle, J, Llewellyn, CH, Fisher, A, McAdams, TA, Eley, TC, Gregory, AM, He, M, Ding, X, Bjerregaard-Andersen, M, Beck-Nielsen, H, Sodemann, M, Tarnoki, AD, Tarnoki, DL, Stazi, MA, Fagnani, C, D'Ippolito, C, Knafo-Noam, A, Mankuta, D, Abramson, L, Burt, SA, Klump, KL, Silberg, JL, Eaves, LJ, Maes, HH, Krueger, RF, McGue, M, Pahlen, S, Gatz, M, Butler, DA, Bartels, M, van Beijsterveldt, TC, Craig, Jeffrey, Saffery, R, Freitas, DL, Maia, JA, Dubois, L, Boivin, M, Brendgen, M, Dionne, G, Vitaro, F, Martin, NG, Medland, SE, Montgomery, GW, Chong, Y, Swan, GE, Krasnow, R, Magnusson, PK, Pedersen, NL, Tynelius, P, Lichtenstein, P, Haworth, CM, Plomin, R, Bayasgalan, G, Narandalai, D, Harden, KP, Tucker-Drob, EM, Öncel, SY, Aliev, F, Spector, T, Mangino, M, Lachance, G, Baker, LA, Tuvblad, C, Duncan, GE, Buchwald, D, Willemsen, G, Rasmussen, F, Goldberg, JH, Sørensen, TI, Boomsma, DI, and Kaprio, J

Published
2016

34. Genetic and environmental influences on height from infancy to early adulthood: An individual-based pooled analysis of 45 twin cohorts

Author

Jelenkovic, A, Sund, R, Hur, Y-M, Yokoyama, Y, Hjelmborg, JVB, Moller, S, Honda, C, Magnusson, PKE, Pedersen, NL, Ooki, S, Aaltonen, S, Stazi, MA, Fagnani, C, D'Ippolito, C, Freitas, DL, Maia, JA, Ji, F, Ning, F, Pang, Z, Rebato, E, Busjahn, A, Kandler, C, Saudino, KJ, Jang, KL, Cozen, W, Hwang, AE, Mack, TM, Gao, W, Yu, C, Li, L, Corley, RP, Huibregtse, BM, Derom, CA, Vlietinck, RF, Loos, RJF, Heikkila, K, Wardle, J, Llewellyn, CH, Fisher, A, McAdams, TA, Eley, TC, Gregory, AM, He, M, Ding, X, Bjerregaard-Andersen, M, Beck-Nielsen, H, Sodemann, M, Tarnoki, AD, Tarnoki, DL, Knafo-Noam, A, Mankuta, D, Abramson, L, Burt, SA, Klump, KL, Silberg, JL, Eaves, LJ, Maes, HH, Krueger, RF, McGue, M, Pahlen, S, Gatz, M, Butler, DA, Bartels, M, van Beijsterveldt, TCEM, Craig, JM, Saffery, R, Dubois, L, Boivin, M, Brendgen, M, Dionne, G, Vitaro, F, Martin, NG, Medland, SE, Montgomery, GW, Swan, GE, Krasnow, R, Tynelius, P, Lichtenstein, P, Haworth, CMA, Plomin, R, Bayasgalan, G, Narandalai, D, Harden, KP, Tucker-Drob, EM, Spector, T, Mangino, M, Lachance, G, Baker, LA, Tuvblad, C, Duncan, GE, Buchwald, D, Willemsen, G, Skytthe, A, Kyvik, KO, Christensen, K, Oncel, SY, Aliev, F, Rasmussen, F, Goldberg, JH, Sorensen, TIA, Boomsma, DI, Kaprio, J, Silventoinen, K, Jelenkovic, A, Sund, R, Hur, Y-M, Yokoyama, Y, Hjelmborg, JVB, Moller, S, Honda, C, Magnusson, PKE, Pedersen, NL, Ooki, S, Aaltonen, S, Stazi, MA, Fagnani, C, D'Ippolito, C, Freitas, DL, Maia, JA, Ji, F, Ning, F, Pang, Z, Rebato, E, Busjahn, A, Kandler, C, Saudino, KJ, Jang, KL, Cozen, W, Hwang, AE, Mack, TM, Gao, W, Yu, C, Li, L, Corley, RP, Huibregtse, BM, Derom, CA, Vlietinck, RF, Loos, RJF, Heikkila, K, Wardle, J, Llewellyn, CH, Fisher, A, McAdams, TA, Eley, TC, Gregory, AM, He, M, Ding, X, Bjerregaard-Andersen, M, Beck-Nielsen, H, Sodemann, M, Tarnoki, AD, Tarnoki, DL, Knafo-Noam, A, Mankuta, D, Abramson, L, Burt, SA, Klump, KL, Silberg, JL, Eaves, LJ, Maes, HH, Krueger, RF, McGue, M, Pahlen, S, Gatz, M, Butler, DA, Bartels, M, van Beijsterveldt, TCEM, Craig, JM, Saffery, R, Dubois, L, Boivin, M, Brendgen, M, Dionne, G, Vitaro, F, Martin, NG, Medland, SE, Montgomery, GW, Swan, GE, Krasnow, R, Tynelius, P, Lichtenstein, P, Haworth, CMA, Plomin, R, Bayasgalan, G, Narandalai, D, Harden, KP, Tucker-Drob, EM, Spector, T, Mangino, M, Lachance, G, Baker, LA, Tuvblad, C, Duncan, GE, Buchwald, D, Willemsen, G, Skytthe, A, Kyvik, KO, Christensen, K, Oncel, SY, Aliev, F, Rasmussen, F, Goldberg, JH, Sorensen, TIA, Boomsma, DI, Kaprio, J, and Silventoinen, K

Abstract

Height variation is known to be determined by both genetic and environmental factors, but a systematic description of how their influences differ by sex, age and global regions is lacking. We conducted an individual-based pooled analysis of 45 twin cohorts from 20 countries, including 180,520 paired measurements at ages 1-19 years. The proportion of height variation explained by shared environmental factors was greatest in early childhood, but these effects remained present until early adulthood. Accordingly, the relative genetic contribution increased with age and was greatest in adolescence (up to 0.83 in boys and 0.76 in girls). Comparing geographic-cultural regions (Europe, North-America and Australia, and East-Asia), genetic variance was greatest in North-America and Australia and lowest in East-Asia, but the relative proportion of genetic variation was roughly similar across these regions. Our findings provide further insights into height variation during childhood and adolescence in populations representing different ethnicities and exposed to different environments.

Published
2016

35. Twin's Birth-Order Differences in Height and Body Mass Index From Birth to Old Age: A Pooled Study of 26 Twin Cohorts Participating in the CODATwins Project

Author

Yokoyama, Y, Jelenkovic, A, Sund, R, Sung, J, Hopper, JL, Ooki, S, Heikkila, K, Aaltonen, S, Tarnoki, AD, Tarnoki, DL, Willemsen, G, Bartels, M, van Beijsterveldt, TCEM, Saudino, KJ, Cutler, TL, Nelson, TL, Whitfield, KE, Wardle, J, Llewellyn, CH, Fisher, A, He, M, Ding, X, Bjerregaard-Andersen, M, Beck-Nielsen, H, Sodemann, M, Song, Y-M, Yang, S, Lee, K, Jeong, H-U, Knafo-Noam, A, Mankuta, D, Abramson, L, Burt, SA, Klump, KL, Ordonana, JR, Sanhez-Romera, JF, Colodro-Conde, L, Harris, JR, Brandt, I, Nilsen, TS, Craig, JM, Saffery, R, Ji, F, Ning, F, Pang, Z, Dubois, L, Boivin, M, Brendgen, M, Dionne, G, Vitaro, F, Martin, NG, Medland, SE, Montgomery, GW, Magnusson, PKE, Pedersen, NL, Aslan, AKD, Tynelius, P, Haworth, CMA, Plomin, R, Rebato, E, Rose, RJ, Goldberg, JH, Rasmussen, F, Hur, Y-M, Sorensen, TIA, Boomsma, DI, Kaprio, J, Silventoinen, K, Yokoyama, Y, Jelenkovic, A, Sund, R, Sung, J, Hopper, JL, Ooki, S, Heikkila, K, Aaltonen, S, Tarnoki, AD, Tarnoki, DL, Willemsen, G, Bartels, M, van Beijsterveldt, TCEM, Saudino, KJ, Cutler, TL, Nelson, TL, Whitfield, KE, Wardle, J, Llewellyn, CH, Fisher, A, He, M, Ding, X, Bjerregaard-Andersen, M, Beck-Nielsen, H, Sodemann, M, Song, Y-M, Yang, S, Lee, K, Jeong, H-U, Knafo-Noam, A, Mankuta, D, Abramson, L, Burt, SA, Klump, KL, Ordonana, JR, Sanhez-Romera, JF, Colodro-Conde, L, Harris, JR, Brandt, I, Nilsen, TS, Craig, JM, Saffery, R, Ji, F, Ning, F, Pang, Z, Dubois, L, Boivin, M, Brendgen, M, Dionne, G, Vitaro, F, Martin, NG, Medland, SE, Montgomery, GW, Magnusson, PKE, Pedersen, NL, Aslan, AKD, Tynelius, P, Haworth, CMA, Plomin, R, Rebato, E, Rose, RJ, Goldberg, JH, Rasmussen, F, Hur, Y-M, Sorensen, TIA, Boomsma, DI, Kaprio, J, and Silventoinen, K

Abstract

We analyzed birth order differences in means and variances of height and body mass index (BMI) in monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins from infancy to old age. The data were derived from the international CODATwins database. The total number of height and BMI measures from 0.5 to 79.5 years of age was 397,466. As expected, first-born twins had greater birth weight than second-born twins. With respect to height, first-born twins were slightly taller than second-born twins in childhood. After adjusting the results for birth weight, the birth order differences decreased and were no longer statistically significant. First-born twins had greater BMI than the second-born twins over childhood and adolescence. After adjusting the results for birth weight, birth order was still associated with BMI until 12 years of age. No interaction effect between birth order and zygosity was found. Only limited evidence was found that birth order influenced variances of height or BMI. The results were similar among boys and girls and also in MZ and DZ twins. Overall, the differences in height and BMI between first- and second-born twins were modest even in early childhood, while adjustment for birth weight reduced the birth order differences but did not remove them for BMI.

Published
2016

36. The CODATwins Project: the cohort description of collaborative project of development of anthropometrical measures in twins to study macro-environmental variation in genetic and environmental effects on anthropometric traits

Author

Silventoinen, K., Jelenkovic, A., Sund, R., Honda, C., Aaltonen, S., Yokoyama, Y., Tarnoki, AD, Tarnoki, D. L., Ning, F., Ji, F., Pang, Z., Ordoñana, J. R., Sánchez-Romera, J. F., Colodro-Conde, L., Burt, S. A., Klump, K. L., Medland, S. E., Montgomery, G. W., Kandler, C., McAdams, T. A., Eley, T. C., Gregory, A. M., Saudino, K. J., Dubois, L., Boivin, M., Haworth, C. M. A., Plomin, R., Öncel, S. Y., Aliev, F., Stazi, M. A., Fagnani, C., D'Ippolito, C., Craig, J., Saffery, R., Siribaddana, S. H., Hotopf, M., Sumathipala, A., Spector, T., Mangino, M., Lachance, G., Gatz, M., Butler, D. A., Bayasgalan, G., Narandalai, D., Freitas, D. L., Maia, J. A., Harden, K. P., Tucker-Drob, E. M., Christensen, K., Skytthe, A., Kyvik, K. O., Hong, C., Chong, Y., Derom, C. A., Vlietinck, R. F., Loos, R. J. F., Cozen, W., Hwang, A. E., Mack, T. M., He, M., Ding, X., Chang, B., Silberg, J. L., Eaves, L. J., Maes, H. H., Cutler, T. L., Hopper, J. L., Aujard, K., Magnusson, P. K. E., Pedersen, N. L., Aslan, A. K. D., Song, Y.- M., Yang, S., Lee, K., Baker, L. A., Tuvblad, C., Bjerregaard-Andersen, M., Beck-Nielsen, H., Sodemann, M., Heikkilä, K., Tan, Q., Zhang, D., Swan, G. E., Krasnow, R., Jang, K. L., Knafo-Noam, A., Mankuta, D., Abramson, L., Lichtenstein, P., Krueger, R. F., McGue, M., Pahlen, S., Tynelius, P., Duncan, G. E., Buchwald, D., Corley, R. P., Huibregtse, B. M., Nelson, T. L., Whitfield, K. E., Franz, C. E., Kremen, W. S., Lyons, M. J., Ooki, S., Brandt, I., Nilsen, T. S., Inui, F., Watanabe, M., Bartels, M., van Beijsterveldt, T. C. E. M., Wardle, J., Llewellyn, C. H., Fisher, A., Rebato, E., Martin, N. G., Iwatani, Y., Hayakawa, K., Rasmussen, F., Sung, J., Harris, J. R., Willemsen, G., Busjahn, A., Goldberg, J. H., Boomsma, D. I., Hur, Y. - M., Sørensen, T. I. A., Kaprio, J., Silventoinen, K., Jelenkovic, A., Sund, R., Honda, C., Aaltonen, S., Yokoyama, Y., Tarnoki, AD, Tarnoki, D. L., Ning, F., Ji, F., Pang, Z., Ordoñana, J. R., Sánchez-Romera, J. F., Colodro-Conde, L., Burt, S. A., Klump, K. L., Medland, S. E., Montgomery, G. W., Kandler, C., McAdams, T. A., Eley, T. C., Gregory, A. M., Saudino, K. J., Dubois, L., Boivin, M., Haworth, C. M. A., Plomin, R., Öncel, S. Y., Aliev, F., Stazi, M. A., Fagnani, C., D'Ippolito, C., Craig, J., Saffery, R., Siribaddana, S. H., Hotopf, M., Sumathipala, A., Spector, T., Mangino, M., Lachance, G., Gatz, M., Butler, D. A., Bayasgalan, G., Narandalai, D., Freitas, D. L., Maia, J. A., Harden, K. P., Tucker-Drob, E. M., Christensen, K., Skytthe, A., Kyvik, K. O., Hong, C., Chong, Y., Derom, C. A., Vlietinck, R. F., Loos, R. J. F., Cozen, W., Hwang, A. E., Mack, T. M., He, M., Ding, X., Chang, B., Silberg, J. L., Eaves, L. J., Maes, H. H., Cutler, T. L., Hopper, J. L., Aujard, K., Magnusson, P. K. E., Pedersen, N. L., Aslan, A. K. D., Song, Y.- M., Yang, S., Lee, K., Baker, L. A., Tuvblad, C., Bjerregaard-Andersen, M., Beck-Nielsen, H., Sodemann, M., Heikkilä, K., Tan, Q., Zhang, D., Swan, G. E., Krasnow, R., Jang, K. L., Knafo-Noam, A., Mankuta, D., Abramson, L., Lichtenstein, P., Krueger, R. F., McGue, M., Pahlen, S., Tynelius, P., Duncan, G. E., Buchwald, D., Corley, R. P., Huibregtse, B. M., Nelson, T. L., Whitfield, K. E., Franz, C. E., Kremen, W. S., Lyons, M. J., Ooki, S., Brandt, I., Nilsen, T. S., Inui, F., Watanabe, M., Bartels, M., van Beijsterveldt, T. C. E. M., Wardle, J., Llewellyn, C. H., Fisher, A., Rebato, E., Martin, N. G., Iwatani, Y., Hayakawa, K., Rasmussen, F., Sung, J., Harris, J. R., Willemsen, G., Busjahn, A., Goldberg, J. H., Boomsma, D. I., Hur, Y. - M., Sørensen, T. I. A., and Kaprio, J.

Published
2015

42. High mortality despite good care-seeking behaviour:a community study of childhood deaths in Guinea-Bissau

Author

Sodemann, M., Jakobsen, M. S., Mølbak, K., Alvarenga Jr, I. C., and Peter Aaby

Subjects
Hospitalization, Parents, Questionnaires, Case-Control Studies, Infant Mortality, Odds Ratio, Humans, Infant, Guinea-Bissau, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Survival Analysis
Abstract

The care-seeking behaviour of mothers of 125 children deceased aged 1-30 months was investigated by verbal autopsy in an urban area of Guinea-Bissau. A total of 93% of the children were seen at a health centre or hospital during the 2 weeks before death. In a previous survey covering the period 1987-90 we found that 78% of the children who died had presented for consultation (8); despite this increase in care seeking, infant mortality had not decreased. Comparison of elapsed time from disease onset to first consultation between children who died and matched surviving controls indicated that the interval was shorter for children who died than for those who survived (odds ratio (OR) = 0.7; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.5-0.99). Of the 125 terminally ill children, 56 were hospitalized. A total of 20 children died on the way to hospital or while waiting in the outpatient clinic. Lack of hospital beds resulted in 15 mothers being refused hospitalization for their child. Of hospitalized children, 42% were discharged as improved or recovered during the 30 days preceding death. These results reveal a need for improved hospital admission criteria, improved recognition of the symptoms of serious illness, better discharge criteria, and the implementation of quality assurance systems for health services.

Published
1997

49. A multicolour CCD photometer

Author

Jones, A, Kjeldsen, H, Frandsen, S, and Sodemann, M

Subjects
Detectors and Experimental Techniques
Published
1992

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