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Multicultural counseling competencies of university counseling center staff (N=176) were assessed. A one-model multiple regression analysis using a four-step forced entry method accounted for 34% of the variability. Variables are placed in order of influence. Minority scores varied from white counselors; multicultural competencies increased with training. Results are discussed. (Author/EMK)

Measurements of internal ethnic identity and external ethnic identity show that Chinese American immigrants could be differentiated into different identity groups. Internal ethnic identity significantly predicted salience of ethnicity and loss of face. Income, ethnicity salience, external ethnic identity, and loss of face were significant predictors of acculturative stress. (Author/RJM)

Discusses the literature on the drinking practices of Mexican Americans from the perspectives of three acculturation models: linear acculturation, acculturative stress, and marginality stress. Presents within-gender comparisons of Mexican and U.S. drinking patterns, looks at acculturation and alcohol use among Mexican-American women and men separately, and discusses implications for counseling. Proposes culturally competent alcohol counseling practice. (Author/NB)

Studied acculturation of international people (n=606). Found that Africans, Asians, and South Americans were significantly less acculturated than were Europeans. Significant differences emerged for permanent versus nonpermanent U.S. residence status, length of residence in United States, and religion. Participants related their identity to values, religion, physical appearance, and language of national origins. (Author/NB)

Investigated causes of international students' perception of counselor credibility. White American students (n=48) and Asian Indian (n=48) and South Korean (n=33) international students viewed videotapes consistent with either Asian Indian cultural values or mainstream counseling, then completed Counselor Rating Form. Asian Indians found culturally consistent counselor significantly more expertlike and trustworthy than culturally discrepant counselor. (Author/NB)

Made two counseling videotapes: Tape A proposed to be consistent with cultural upbringing and values of international students, and Tape B proposed to by culturally discrepant. Two tapes were empirically shown to be significantly different from each other by counseling professionals as well as by counselor trainees. Both counseling perspectives were considered equally plausible by experts. (NB)

Hispanic-American and Asian-American college students, faculty, and staff (n=282) completed the Majority-Minority Relations Survey to assess acculturation attitudes. Significant effects for ethnicity; Asian culture subgroups; and for sociocultural variables of generational status, voluntary immigration versus political asylum, and religion were indicated by parametric and nonparametric tests. (Author/NB)

Worldviews of White American women clients, White American women counselors, and Chinese international women students were surveyed. Multivariate planned comparisons showed significant differences between (a) White American clients and White American counselors and (b) Chinese international students and White American counselors. Income was a significant predictor of worldviews for White American clients. Age and marital status contributed strongly to the worldviews of White American counselors. Among the Chinese students, the Taiwanese and the Mainland Chinese held significantly different worldviews. Worldviews of women are discussed from feminist as well as cross-cultural perspectives. Future directions for practice, research, and theory are suggested regarding the multicultural counseling process with clients of different worldview orientations.

The effects of race and acculturation on the eating attitudes of Native American and African American women were investigated. Thirty-four Native American and 28 African American women participated in the study that involves measures of eating disorders and acculturation. African American women seem to be more concerned about their body weight and shape than their Native American counterparts. It was also found that women who were more acculturated to the white culture had greater concerns than those with lower levels of acculturation.

Examines unique adjustment problems faced by Asian Indian immigrants to the United States. Looks at the impact of higher education; pretransition factors of religion and family roles; posttransition factors related to social adjustment (middle class status, voluntary migration, ethnic social support, assimilation, intergenerational conflict); and posttransition issues related to psychological adjustment. (NB)

Measured acculturation-related demographic and attitudinal changes that first generation Asian Indians in the United States have sought or rejected. Results suggest that knowledge of such characteristics as perceptions of national identity, food and style of clothing preferences, language uses in reading and thinking, and marital status may help in predicting attitudes and attitude-related adjustment difficulties of Asian Indians. (NB)

Examines the two views of the protagonist Betsy in Peter Taylor's short fiction 'A Spinster's Tale.' Psychological interpretation; Determined failure and self-styled success; Profundity of characterization.