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Cd accumulation in rice grain is a world-wide problem because rice is the staple food of over half the world's population. Over the past few decades, many authors have reported that Si-rich substances can mitigate the negative influence of Cd on the growth of various plants, including rice. The main aim of this research was to summarize the data from literature and the investigation to understand the mechanisms of the Si effect on the migration and transportation of Cd in the paddy soil-rice system. This system was separated into two parts – the soil and the plant – and each part was studied separately. Si-rich soil amendments, Si fertilizers, and Si-based biostimulators were used in laboratory, greenhouse, and field tests. Several mechanisms of Si-Cd interactions in the soil-plant system (precipitation and sorption in soil, accumulation in roots and reduction Cd transport in apoplast and symplast of roots, stem and leaves), were investigated in detail and knowledge about these mechanisls were used for elaborating the practical recommendation. The field tests demonstrated that the use of Si-rich materials can reduce Cd in the rice grain by 50 to 90%, and other pollutants, including As, Cu, Hg, and Pb, by 40 to 95%. The combination of Ca- and Si-rich substances reinforced the reduction of Cd mobility and grain accumulation and is a prospective soil decontamination and food safety technology. The foliar application of Se can also provide an additional reduction of Cd accumulation in the rice grain. Our field tests showed that the application of Si-rich substances makes it possible to reduce traditional NPK fertilizer application rates by 20 to 30% without reducing the rice yield. This effect will also reduce the amount of Cd entering the cultivated soil. The data from the tests provides a reason to strongly recommend the use of Si-rich materials for the reduction of Cd accumulation in rice grain. Si-rich materials can also be used to reduce Cd accumulation in fruits of other cultivated plants.

Cadmium Toxicity and Tolerance in Plants: Agronomic, Genetic, Molecular and Omic Approaches presents research and latest developments on mechanisms of cadmium tolerance covering both lab and field conditions. This book contains important insights and options for minimizing Cd accumulation in plants and mitigating Cd toxicity. Topics covered include using various omics approaches to understanding plant responses to Cd, novel technologies for developing Cd tolerance and integrated breeding approaches to mitigate Cd stress in crops. Cadmium Toxicity and Tolerance in Plants: Agronomic, Genetic, Molecular and Omic Approaches is a valuable resource for both researchers and students working on cadmium pollution and plant responses as well as related fields of environmental contamination and toxicology. - Provides data on mechanisms of cadmium tolerance at the cell, organ and whole plant level - Covers several major approaches, molecular and agronomic, in addressing cadmium toxicity in plants and soil - Offers real-world, application focused techniques

This new book revises some of the most recent advances concerning Cd induced effects at cytotoxicological and genotoxicological levels in several crops and in other model species. Particular emphasis is also given to the whole plant performance, concerning this metal toxicity, including gas-exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters, carbohydrates, Calvin cycle enzymes and pigments content. This book also revises some important aspects concerning Cd accumulation and distribution in plants and their relevance to the trophic transfer of Cd.