Search

This thesis is divided in two parts in which the invariant probability measures on solenoids play a major role. The solenoids (that is a compact finite dimensional connected abelian group) are a natural generalization of the usual torus. In the first part, we will study the action of groups on a solenoid by affine transformation; we obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for the action of such a group to have the spectral gap property when the solenoid is provided with the Haar measure. In the second part we will study the trace and characters of algebraic groups over the field of rational numbers. The trace of a countable group are function of positive type on the group which are invariant under conjugation. The characters (that are the indecomposable traces in a certain way) are generalization of the usual characters of finite dimensional representations and intervene in the theory of operator algebra and in the study of invariant random subgroups. We begin with the classification of this characters in the case of unipotent groups. Then we extend this classification to general algebraic groups, using the study of the unipotent case et the establishment of the invariant measure on adelic solenoids., Cette thèse comporte deux parties dans lesquelles les mesures de probabilités invariantes sur les solénoïdes jouent un rôle majeur. Les solénoïdes (c’est-à-dire les groupes abéliens compacts connexes de dimension topologique finie) sont des généralisations naturelles des tores usuels. Dans la première partie, nous étudions les groupes de transformations affines de solénoïdes ; nous obtenons une condition nécessaire et suffisante pour que l’action d’un tel groupe possède un trou spectral quand le solénoïde est muni de la mesure de Haar. Dans la deuxième partie nous étudions les traces et caractères des groupes algébriques sur le corps des nombres rationnels. Les traces d’un groupe dénombrable sont des fonctions de type positif sur le groupe qui sont invariantes par conjugaison. Les caractères (c’est-à-dire les traces qui sont indécomposables dans un certain sens) sont des généralisations des caractères usuels des représentations de dimension finie et interviennent en théorie des algèbres d’opérateurs ainsi que dans l’étude des sous-groupes distingués aléatoires. Nous commençons par classifier ces caractères dans le cas des groupes unipotents. Puis nous étendons cette classification au cas des groupes algébriques généraux, à l’aide de l’étude du cas unipotent et de la détermination des mesures invariantes sur les solénoïdes adéliques.

El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar el efecto que causa el campo electromagnético de onda sinusoidal a 60Hz; en la incubación del embrión del huevo de gallina. El marco teórico en las que se sustenta la investigación: las teorías de campo magnético, teoría moderna del magnetismo, teoría electromagnética, leyes electromagnéticas, radiaciones y ondas electromagnéticas. Desde esta figura, se ha hipotetizado que el Campo electromagnético de onda sinusoidal a 60Hz influye en la incubación del huevo de gallina. En ese sustento de la investigación consideramos como problema científico: ¿cuál es el efecto que causa el campo electromagnético de onda sinusoidal a 60Hz; en la incubación del embrión del huevo de gallina? Con la finalidad de determinar el impacto de los campos electromagnético de onda sinusoidal a frecuencia de 60 Hz en la incubación, el experimento se ejecutó con 04 tratamientos que fueron: la aplicación de campos electromagnéticos de 7uT (T1), 5uT (T2), 0,7 uT (T3) y un testigo (T4); estos campos fueron aplicados en forma continua durante el proceso de incubación. Los tratamientos fueron dispuestos en un diseño experimental completamente al azar con 10 repeticiones. Manejamos los embriones del huevo de gallina, debidamente codificados y ubicados en solenoides; con capacidad para diez embriones. La investigación se desarrolló en la ciudad de Tarapoto, provincia y Región San Martin – Perú. Localizamos que la aplicación continuada de campos electromagnéticos de 7uT, 5uT y 0,7uT a frecuencia de 60 Hz; afecta la actividad biológica de la incubación del huevo de gallina; siendo notoria en la deformación de los dedos. The objective of the research was to determine the effect that causes the electromagnetic field of sinusoidal wave to 60Hz; in the incubation of the chicken egg embryo. The theoretical framework on which the research is based: the theories of magnetic field, modern theory of magnetism, electromagnetic theory, electromagnetic laws, radiation and electromagnetic waves. From this figure, it has been hypothesized that the electromagnetic field of sine wave at 60Hz influences the incubation of the chicken egg. In that sustenance of the investigation we consider as scientific problem: what is the effect that causes the electromagnetic field of sinusoidal wave to 60Hz; in the incubation of the chicken egg embryo? In order to determine the impact of electromagnetic fields of sine wave at 60 Hz frequency in the incubation, the experiment was executed with 04 treatments that were: the application of electromagnetic fields of 7ut (T1), 5uT (T2), 0 , 7 uT (T3) and a witness (T4); these fields were applied continuously during the incubation process. The treatments were arranged in a completely randomized experimental design with 10 repetitions. We handle the chicken egg embryos, duly codified and located in solenoids; with capacity for ten embryos. The research was developed in the city of Tarapoto, province and San Martin Region - Peru. We locate that the continued application of electromagnetic fields of 7uT, 5uT and 0.7uT at a frequency of 60 Hz; affects the biological activity of chicken egg incubation; being notorious in the deformation of the fingers.

Este projeto, baptizado com o nome Buddy, trata da construção de uma caixa de ritmos robótica, inspirada e baseada no modelo convencional da caixa de ritmos digital. Concretamente, foi concebida uma bateria musical robótica pela implementação de um sistema de solenóides controlados em tempo real por interfaces MIDI. O robot permite desenvolver o mesmo tipo de trabalho que as caixas de ritmos convencionais possibilitam (e.g. interpretar padrões rítmicos pré-compostos), favorecendo contudo uma experiência sonora acústica e, por conseguinte, uma experiência musical e sonora mais estimulante. Além da abordagem convencional que esta bateria robótica possibilita (e.g. tocar padrões rítmicos), este projecto prevê outras abordagens que possibilitam uma exploração artística e musical mais abrangente, por exemplo, pela implementação de ideias que promovam a interactividade (e.g. controlo da performance do robot pela análise áudio da performance do músico, controlo do robot via internet). O desenvolvimento deste projecto teve como base a plataforma open-source Arduino e foi publicado e documentado online com acesso ao código fonte e aos esquemas electrónicos, permitindo assim que artistas e educadores sem formação em engenharia electrotécnica possam construir robots semelhantes para usar em contextos artísticos ou pedagógicos. This project, named Buddy, deals with the construction of a robotic rhythm box, inspired and based on a conventional model of a digital rhythm box. More specifically, a robotic musical drum set was conceived through the implementation of a real-time automatic system of solenoids controlled via MIDI interfaces. The robot allows the development of the same type of approach that traditional rhythm machines enable (e.g. to interpret pre-composed rhythm patterns), favouring, however, an acoustic sonic experience, and therefore, a more stimulating sound and musical experience. Besides the conventional approach that this robotic drums allows (e.g. to play rhythm patterns), this project foresees other approaches that can enable a wider artistic and musical exploration, for example, by implementing ideas that promote interactivity (e.g. robot performance controled by audio analysis of the musician’s performance, internet robot control). The development of this project was based on the Arduino open-source platform, and it was published and documented online with access to the source code and to the electronic schemes, allowing artists and educators without a formal education in electric and electronics engineering, to be able to build similar robots to use in artistic or pedagogical contexts.

Mestrado em Engenharia Física Os solenóides para eletroválvulas, em conjunto com outros produtos e equipamentos, permitem a automação dos sistemas de distribuição de águas não potáveis, como, por exemplo, em sistemas de rega. Deste modo é possível controlar diversos parâmetros, como o caudal e a pressão da água que passa na válvula, podendo estes ser fiscalizados à distância. Neste trabalho, foram desenvolvidos solenóides para acoplar a válvulas que se destinam à rega agrícola, comercializadas pela empresa JPrior, Fábrica de Plásticos, Lda. Para o efeito, foram definidos vários processos necessários para a criação de uma linha piloto de pré industrialização destes dispositivos. Etapas como a conceção do dispositivo, prototipagem, testes de temperatura, consumo de corrente, estabilidade eletromecânica e testes de desempenho associados a diferentes valores de pressão e de caudal de funcionamento, foram essenciais para este desenvolvimento, assim como, análises estruturais e morfológicas do material que constitui o núcleo dos solenóides. Além disso, procurou-se responder às necessidades do mercado numa perspetiva mais completa do que a existente. Para isso, foram produzidos dois tipos de solenóides de 24 V AC, com pressões máximas de funcionamento de 4 bar e de 12 bar. The solenoids valves when combined with some other products and equipment, allow the automation of non-potable water distribution processes, like for instance, the automation of irrigation systems. This permits the control of parameters such as the flow and pressure of the water that passes the valve, which can also be monitored remotely. In the present work were studied and developed solenoids designed for solenoids valves production in the company JPrior, Fábrica de Plásticos, Lda, which have as primary application crop irrigation. For this purpose was necessary to define along this work, several processes which are required for the establishment of a pilot assembly line of these devices. Steps like the product design, prototyping, temperature tests, current consumption, electromechanical stability and performance tests with different pressure and operating flow values, were essential to this development. Additionally, structural and morphological analysis of the material which constitutes the solenoid’s core were performed. Besides the referred analysis and work, it was also intended that the developed product could provide a more complete and extensive response to the market needs. Therefore, two types of 24 V AC solenoids valves were produced, with maximum operating pressure of 4 bar and 12 bar.

National audience; Almost 25% of proteins contains internal repeats, these repeats may have a major role in the protein function. Furthermore some proteins actually are the same substructure repeated many times, these proteins are solenoids. But only few repeat detection programs exist, we present here Kunoichi, a simple and efficient tool for discovering protein repeats. Kunoichi is based on protein fragment comparison and clique detection. As first results, we show that Kunoichi can find different levels of repetitions and successfully identify protein tiles. Kunoichi is available on request from the authors. Détection de novo de structures répétées au sein des protéines Résumé Environ un quart des protéines contiennent des répétitions internes, ces répétitions peuvent jouer un rôle crucial dans la fonction de leurs protéines.De plus, certaines protéines ne sont en fait qu'une succession d'une sous-structure répétées plusieurs fois. Ces protéines modulaires sont appelées protéines solénoïdes. Néanmoins, peu d'outils de détection de répétitions existent. Nous présentons ici Kunoichi, un outil de détection de répétitions simple et efficace. Kunoichi est basé sur la comparaison des fragments ainsi que sur la détection de cliques. Les premiers résultats montrent que Kunoichi peut trouver différents niveaux de répétitions et identifier avec succès les "tuiles" composants les protéines multi-répétées. Kunoichi est disponible sur demande auprès des auteurs.

Este documento describe los resultados obtenidos con el Sistema de Alineamiento Link de CMS durante las pruebas del Solenoide en 2006 y las tomas de datos “CRAFT” 08 y 09, en el pozo, en 2008 y 2009. Se describe brevemente el sistema y se discuten los desplazamientos y rotaciones observados en las estructuras, comparando las observaciones hechas en superfi cie y en el punto P5 (UX5), 100 m bajo tierra.