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Viticultural adaptations to climate change are needed, and the utilization of grapevine varieties that are better-adapted to water scarcity could contribute to finding grape varieties that are adapted to climate change. The present research was carried out to expand the limited knowledge on the minor varieties Arcos and Forcallat in comparison with three other more widespread traditional Mediterranean cultivars (Bobal, Garnacha, and Monastrell). An ampelographic characterization was carried out and provided with the characteristics for the cv. Arcos, which have not been previously described, as well as traits that are useful for differentiating it from the cv. Forcallat. Both varieties maintained low stomatal conductance, having the highest number of small stomata in comparison to the rest of varieties. Arcos and Forcallat also showed the highest intrinsic water use efficiency in addition to being late ripening, a characteristic that could be of interest in the context of water scarcity and warm climates for better coupling of technological and phenolic maturity. In parallel, we analyzed Veremeta plants considered a synonym of Monastrell, which were growing in the same field. The synonymy was confirmed by SSR markers, but phenotypic differences between plant materials were determined in relation to their ampelographic, agronomical, and physiological traits. Indeed, both accessions are very interesting as materials to be studied in agronomic trials under different watering regimes in order to deepen our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the drought tolerance of the evaluated Mediterranean varieties.

[EN] Genetic variability is needed to face environmental changes and pathogen constrains. In addition, the search for intravarietal variability contributes to the avoidance of genetic erosion, preserving clones that are adapted to particular conditions. Variability is also important to diversify grapevine-derived products. In this work, we have analyzed the genetic variability of `Muscat germplasm¿ including samples from neglected vineyards from Alicante and Valencia provinces, accessions of the germplasm collections of `Colección de Vides de El Encín¿ (Alcalá de Henares, Madrid) and `La Casa de las Vides¿ (Agullent, Valencia), accessions supplied by nurseries of Valencia province, and `Muscat of Alexandria¿ clones selected using differential ampelographic characteristics in selection programs (La Marina, Alicante). Fifteen microsatellites (SSRs) were used to study intervarietal variability. The SSR fingerprinting allowed the identification of some accessions, variants, and synonymies. Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms (AFLPs) markers and Microsatellite-AFLPs were used to determine the variability attended in `Muscat of Alexandria¿ accessions. A CAPs (Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic Sequences) marker, recently developed for the discrimination of `Muscat¿ flavor genotypes using the SNP1822 G>T, was assessed and showed that all the analyzed accessions were `Muscat¿ flavored. The variation found among the analyzed germplasm is very interesting because variants within `Muscat of Alexandria¿, `Muscat Italia¿, and `Muscat d¿Istambul¿ have been identified. In addition, intravarietal genetic variation was found among the analyzed accessions in `Muscat of Alexandria¿ from selection programs.