Search

Background and Objective: Nanosilver particles are one of the functional nanotechnology filed. These nanoparticles have antibacterial characteritics. Combination therapy is one of new and specific therapeutic regiment in medicine. Eucalyptus plant is useful in growth inhibition of bacteria. This study was done to evaluate the inhibitory effect of alcoholic eucalyptus extract with nanosilver on E.coli growth. Materials and Methods: In this laboratory study, E.coli was cultured in nutrient agar medium. Primarily 50 l of bacteria was inocolulated in each plate, antibiograms disc contiminated with 3.1, 6.25, 12.5, 25 and 50 ppm concentration of nanosilver accompanied with 100% of etanolic extract of eucalyptus were placed in each plate subsequently. Diameter of inhibitory zone were evaluated following 24, 48, 72 hrs in 6th and 8th days. Data were analyzed using SPSS-15, ANOVA and Tukey tests. Results: After six days, inhibitory growth zone diameter of E.coli was 0.5 mm. This diameter in experimental group with 3.1, 6.25, 12.5, 25 and 50 ppm of nanosilver in combination with etanolic extract of eucalyptus were 0.55, 0.58, 0.82, 0.83 and 1.02 mm. Inhibitory growth zone in group of 12.5, 25 and 50 ppm of nanosilver was significant in compared to the control (P

Background and Objective: Nanosilver particles are one of functional nanotechnology filed. These nanoparticles have antibacterial and antifungal characteritic. Combination therapy is one of new and specific method for therapy of diseases in medicine and pharmacology. Some plants are useful in growth inhibition of Aspergilus Niger. This study was done to evaluate the synergic effect of alcoholic eucalyptus and nanosilver on colony count of Aspergilus Niger. Materials and Methods: In this laboratory study PAN were cultured in PDA medium. Five experimental and one control group were designed for the comparison of synergic effect of alcoholic eucalyptus and nanosilver, nanosilver 50ppm, nanosilver 12.5ppm, eucalyptus ethanolic extract 100%, eucalyptus ethanolic extract 100% mixed with nanosilver 12.5ppm, eucalyptus ethanolic extract mixed with 50ppm, and double distilled water were given to group 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and control group respectively. Morphological, diameter, and colony numbers in various culture media were compared subsequently. The repeated number of Aspergilus Niger were 24, and they were chosen randomly. Data were analyzed using SPSS-15 and ANOVA test. Results: The Aspergilus niger colony were reduced 8 days following treatment from 200 colony in control group to 90, 75, 55 and 43 in nanosilver group in 12.5 ppm, nanosilver group in 50 ppm, nanosilver group in 50 ppm mixed with eucalyptus ethanolic extract and finally eucalyptus ethanolic extract group, respectivley (P

Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the major causes of peptic ulcer, gastritis and gastric cancer. This bacterium has a special lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is responsible for its pathogenesis and its high resistance against gastric acid and escape from the human immune system. This property makes it a target for further research and diagnostic goals. In this study, the extraction of the LPS and separation from the outer membrane is required. Methods: The LPS was extracted from the outer membrane, or envelope, of H. pylori obtained from patients suffering from gastritis, gastric ulcer and gastric cancer. LPS extraction was performed using the proteinase K method. SDS-PAGE and silver staining were applied to investigate the electrophoretic pattern of the LPS. This pattern was compared with that of E. coli serotype O111:B4 and Salmonella serotype ATCC 14028. Results: The extracted LPS has a ladder-shaped electrophoretic pattern and the bands are located in three groups: high, medium and low molecular weights. Conclusion: The distribution of the bands of the ladder-shaped electrophoretic pattern is caused by the different number of oligosaccharide chains associated with the LPS. The high molecular weight bands represent S-LPS and the low molecular weight bands represent the R-LPS, which lacks the O-chain.

Background: Malaria is still one of the main health problems in south and southeast provinces of Iran and recently on average 10,000-30,000 malaria cases were reported annually. Mosquitoes of Anopheles superpictus are one of the main malaria vectors in Iran and have been reported from all areas of the country including central plateau and plains of Alborz and Zagrous Mountains chains, and with low numbers in shore plains of the Persian Gulf and Caspian Sea. There are variations in larval and adult morphological characters and also in vectorial capacity of this species in different areas of Iran. Methods: This study has been conducted to investigate rate of mtDNA variation among various populations of this species in Iran. The sequence variation of an 1512 bp length of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cytochrome oxidase subunits 1 and 2 (COI-COII) and an 708 bp sequences of COI gene were analyzed by PCR-RFLP and PCR-direct sequencing respectively. Results: This study showed that there are considerable variations between and within populations. Rate of variation was 12.3 % between populations and this was 2-5% for within Baluchistan population. Totally 4 haplotypes were observed between populations where 3 occur in Baluchistan and one in other places. Conclusion: This is the first report on existence of various haplotypes in An. superpictus in science, and presumably this species comprising siblings and is a species complex. Further studies need to confirm this result and to determine the relationship between mtDNA haplotypes and their role in malaria transmission in each locality.

Quantum random number generators employ the inherent randomness of quantum mechanics to generate truly unpredictable random numbers, which are essential in cryptographic applications. While a great variety of quantum random number generators have been realized using photonics, few exploit the high-field confinement offered by plasmonics, which enables device footprints an order of magnitude smaller in size. Here we integrate an on-chip nanowire plasmonic waveguide into an optical time-of-arrival based quantum random number generation setup. Despite loss, we achieve a random number generation rate of 14.4 Mbits s − 1 using low light intensity, with the generated bits passing industry standard tests without post-processing. By increasing the light intensity, we were then able to increase the generation rate to 41.4 Mbits s − 1 , with the resulting bits only requiring a shuffle to pass all tests. This is an order of magnitude increase in the generation rate and decrease in the device size compared to previous work. Our experiment demonstrates the successful integration of an on-chip nanoscale plasmonic component into a quantum random number generation setup. This may lead to new opportunities in compact and scalable quantum random number generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The notion of a (branchwise) commutative BI-algebra is presented, and some related properties are investigated. We show that the class of commutative BH-algebras is broader than the class of commutative BI-algebras. Moreover, we prove every singular BI-algebra is a BH-algebra. Also, we define the commutative ideals in BI-algebras and characterize the commutative BI-algebras in terms of commutative ideals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, silicate nanomesopore SBA-16 was synthesized and functionalized by NH2 group to increase its efficiency, and the purpose of preparing SBA-16-NH2 was to use it to remove the color pollutant methylene blue. The SBA-16-NH2 mesoporous structure was analyzed by FTIR, XRD, SEM and TEM. Then, important parameters for pollutant removal were investigated with the help of experiment design software. The results of the predicted experiments demonstrate that the highest absorption of methylene blue can be seen in pH = 2.04, temperature 50 °C, contact time 10 min, initial adsorbent concentration 10 ppm and amount of adsorbent 0.04 g. In optimal conditions, SBA-16-NH2 adsorbent could remove 98.58% of methylene blue. Also, adsorption isotherms, thermodynamics and kinetics were studied. The results show that the adsorption follows the Langmuir isotherm and is thermodynamically exothermic and spontaneous. The adsorption kinetics is a function of the pseudo-first-order model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we define the notion of the right independent (resp., left independent) subsets of BI-algebras. Some of the properties are investigated and get more results in BI-algebras. Moreover, we consider the notion of the right absorbent (resp., left absorbent) subset. It is proved that in a right distributive BI-algebra X, every right(left) independent subset of X absorbs X from the right. We show that these new concepts are different by presenting several examples. The goal and benefits of our proposed extension of this study are to extend the theory of BI-algebras, and so we enlarge the field of research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[1] At Iranian longitude, the Arabian plate is moving northward relative to Eurasia (~20 mm [yr.sup.-1] according to GPS). To the east, this relative motion is accommodated by northward subduction under the E-W Makran emerged accretionary prism. To the west, it is accommodated partly by the Zagros fold-and-thrust belt and partly by the Alborz/Kopet Dagh deforming zones further north. This work investigates the NNW striking transition zone that connects Zagros and Makran: the Minab-Zendan fault system. Satellite images, and structural and geomorphic field observations show a distributed deformation pattern covering a wide domain. Five north to NW trending major faults were identified. They exhibit evidence for late Quaternary reverse right-lateral slip, and correspond to two distinct fault systems: the western one transferring the Zagros deformation to the Makran prism, and the eastern one northward transferring the deformation to the Alborz/Kopet Dagh. Tectonic study and fault slip vector analyses indicate that two distinct tectonic regimes have occurred successively since the Miocene within a consistent regional NE trending compression: (1) an upper Miocene to Pliocene tectonic regime characterized by partitioned deformation, between reverse faulting and en echelon folding; (2) a NE trending [[sigma].sub.1] axis transpressional regime homogeneously affecting the region since upper Pliocene. The change is contemporaneous with major tectonic reorganization regionally recorded. Therefore this study provides evidence for active deformation that is not localized, but distributed across a wide zone. It accommodates the convergence and transfers it from collision to subduction by transpressional tectonics without any partitioning process in the present-day period. INDEX TERMS: 8122 Tectonophysics: Dynamics. gravity and tectonics: 8102 Tectonophysics: Continental contractional orogenic belts: 8105 Tectonophysics: Continental margins and sedimentary basins (1212); 8010 Structural Geology: Fractures and faults: 9320 Information Related to Geographic Region: Asia: KEYWORDS: Zagros, Makran, Arabia, Collision, Subduction, transpressional, partitioning, active tectonics. Citation: Regard, V., O. Bellier, J.-C. Thomas, M. R. Abbassi, J. Mercier, E. Shabanian, K. Feghhi, and S. Soleymani (2004), Accommodation of Arabia-Eurasia convergence in the Zagros-Makran transfer zone, SE Iran: A transition between collision and subduction through a young deforming system, Tectonics, 23, TC4007, doi: 10.1029/ 2003TC001599.

This paper proposes an advanced distribution automation planning problem in which emergency-based demand response plans are incorporated during service restoration process. The fitness function of this planning problem consists of various costs associated with fault occurrence in electric distribution systems consisting of the total yearly cost of customers' interruptions, the total annualized investment cost of control and protection devices deployment, including sectionalizing switches, circuit breakers, and fuses and the total annual cost of performing emergency-based demand response programs in the service restoration process. Moreover, the customers' behavior in participating in the service restoration process is also modeled through using an S-function. The proposed advanced distribution automation planning method is implemented on the fourth bus of the Roy Bilinton test system in order to evaluate its efficacy. The obtained results show that the reliability indices and the total cost of distribution automation are reduced by about 9% and 12% more than the published methods for distribution automation, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]