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Одной из ключевых составляющих современных программ повышения энергоэффективности экономик большинства индустриальных стран мира является внедрение технологий управления спросом на электропотребление. Отличительной особенностью энергопотребления России является высокая доля потребления природного газа, выравнивание волатильности спроса на который позволяет сократить затраты на энергоресурсы в промышленности. Все это подтверждает целесообразность и возможность выполнения комплексного управления спросом на электроэнергию и природный газ промышленных потребителей. При этом в каждом регионе России характеристики спроса на исследуемые энергоресурсы существенно различаются, что обуславливает дифференциацию регионов по уровню перспективности внедрения механизмов управления спросом, что и стало предметом настоящего исследования. В статье применяются методы статистического анализа, синтеза, математического моделирования и метод построения карт позиционирования. Исходными данными для исследования выступают параметры спроса на потребление электроэнергии и природного газа в регионах России в отраслевом разрезе. Основными результатами исследования являются предложенная методика ранжирования регионов по уровню перспективности внедрения комплексного управления спросом на энергоресурсы, в основу которой положена авторская система показателей, учитывающая уровень абсолютной и относительной плотности спроса региона на электроэнергию и природный газ, долю регионального электропотребления, приходящуюся на промышленность и долю природного газа, используемого для выработки электроэнергии в регионе. На основе анализа вышеперечисленных показателей, характеризующих неравномерность спроса региона на энергоресурсы, построены карты волатильности регионального спроса на электрическую энергию и природный газ и матрица определения уровня перспективности региона с точки зрения эффективности внедрения инструментов управления спросом. Разработанное методическое обеспечение может применяться в процессе разработки адресных региональных программ управления спросом на энергоресурсы на региональном и федеральном уровне. In order to improve the energy efficiency in industrialised countries, energy demand management technologies are being introduced. In Russia, energy consumption is characterised by high natural gas usage. A decrease in demand volatility leads to the reduction of energy costs for industrial consumers. These factors indicate the feasibility of electricity and natural gas demand management. Simultaneously, Russian regions significantly differ in terms of the prospects for introducing integrated demand management. To examine the problem, we used statistical analysis, mathematical modelling and a method for constructing perceptual maps. Parameters of electricity and natural gas demand management in Russian regions were examined. As a result, we developed a methodology to assess the possibility of implementing energy demand management in various entities. This method is based on a system of indicators considering absolute and relative density of regions' electricity and natural gas demand, industrial energy consumption, and natural gas used to generate electricity. The analysis of the relevant indicators allowed us to construct energy demand volatility maps and a matrix indicating the effectiveness of proposed management tools. The research findings can be used when developing targeted programmes for energy demand management at the regional and federal levels. Статья выполнена при поддержке Правительства РФ (Постановление № 211 от 16.03.2013г.), соглашение № 02.А03.21.0011. The article has been prepared with the support of the Government of the Russian Federation (Resolution No. 211 of March 16, 2013), agreement No. 02.A03.21.0011.

Молодость. Интеллект. Инициатива : материалы IX Междунар. науч.-практ. конф. студентов и магистрантов, Витебск, 23 апреля 2021 г. - Витебск : ВГУ имени П. М. Машерова, 2021. – С. 222–223. – Библиогр.: с. 223 (4 назв.).

Quaternary climatic oscillations had strong effects on Palearctic biodiversity. Although Transcaucasia is hypothesised to be a centre of diversity for many taxa, relatively few studies have investigated its potential role as such, or as a Pleistocene refugium. Using AFLP and sequence data (ITS, matK, trnL-F) from samples collected across the entire range of Microthlaspi perfoliatum, from the Iberian peninsula to Kazakhstan, and including the Mediterranean Basin and Central Europe, in this study it is examined how the interplay of Pleistocene climatic oscillations and historical demography may have shaped the current genetic structure of the species. The results of this study provide evidence that M. perfoliatum survived Pleistocene glaciation in five major refugia, Iberia, southwestern France, Italy, the Balkans and Anatolia/Transcaucasia and a sixth, unknown refugium in the disjunct distribution area in Central Asia. Our analyses support an ancient colonisation of M. perfoliatum towards the western and central Palearctic, perhaps, during the early Pleistocene or late Pliocene, likely starting from Transcaucasia. However, postglacial recolonisation of western and Central Europe has taken place from two distinct refugia, namely southwestern France/northern Italy, and Anatolia/Southern Balkans, respectively. The Iberian populations apparently did not contribute to postglacial recolonisation of Europe, perhaps because the Pyrenees acted as a significant barrier to dispersal. It is also conceivable that a rapidly expanding population from southwestern France and the southeastern part of the range effectively blocked the establishment of latecomers. The present study thus reveals a complex pattern of colonisation of Europe from Transcaucasia, with an interplay of climate and physical geography as main factors shaping the present-day genetic structure of M. perfoliatum. C1 [Ali, Tahir; Buch, Ann-Katrin; Dutbayev, Ayan; Khaliq, Imran; Nigrelli, Lisa; Ploch, Sebastian; Runge, Fabian; Xia, Xiaojuan; Thines, Marco] Senckenberg Gesell Nat Forsch, Senckenberg Biodivers & Climate Res Ctr, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany. [Ali, Tahir; Buch, Ann-Katrin; Dutbayev, Ayan; Glynou, Kyriaki; Khaliq, Imran; Runge, Fabian; Solovyeva, Irina; Xia, Xiaojuan; Macia-Vicente, Jose G.; Thines, Marco] Goethe Univ, Inst Ecol Evolut & Divers, Dept Biol, Max von Laue Str 13, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. [Munoz-Fuentes, Violeta; Nowak, Carsten] Senckenberg Res Inst, Conservat Genet Grp, Clamecystr 12, D-63571 Gelnhausen, Germany. [Munoz-Fuentes, Violeta; Nowak, Carsten] Nat Hist Museum Frankfurt, Conservat Genet Grp, Clamecystr 12, D-63571 Gelnhausen, Germany. [Ali, Tahir; Thines, Marco] TBG, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany. [Celik, Ali] Pamukkale Univ, Sci & Arts Fac, Biol Dept, TR-20017 Kinikli, Denizli, Turkey. [Gabrielyan, Ivan] Natl Acad Sci Armenia, Inst Bot, Dept Systemat & Plant Geog, Acharyan Str 1, Yerevan 0063, Armenia. [Kachour, Leila] Univ El Tarf, Dept Biol, BP 73, El Tarf 36000, Algeria. [Khaliq, Imran] Ghazi Univ, Dept Zool, Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan. [Kitner, Miloslav] Palacky Univ Olomouc, Fac Sci, Dept Bot, Slechtitelu 27, Olomouc 78371, Czech Republic. [Schmuker, Angelika] Univ Hohenheim, Inst Bot 210, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany. [Vakhrusheva, Ljudmila] VI Vernadsky Crimean Fed Univ, Taurida Acad, 4 Vernadskogo Ave, UA-295007 Simferopol, Crimea, Ukraine. [Munoz-Fuentes, Violeta] European Bioinformat Inst, European Mol Biol Lab, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SD, England.

One of the worldwide modern instruments to increase power efficiency is the price-dependent electricity consumption. It is one of the elements in managing the demand for power consumption. The programs of price-dependent power consumption are globally relevant. However, in Russia, their development is still on a conceptual phase. This paper analyses regional tariffs for the power transmission from the perspective of encouraging consumers to price-dependent demand management for electricity consumption. We examine the structure of final electricity tariffs for various categories of consumers as well as identify the percentage rate for the electricity transmission for each category. We consider the methodology of single-part and two-part tariffs for electricity transmission, their structure, and advantages of application. On the example of Volga Federal District tariffs, we have calculated single-part and two-part tariffs for the power transmission in industrial enterprises in terms of three typical schedules of electricity consumption. To compare the efficiency of the price-dependent demand management for the electricity transmission in different regions of Russia, we have introduced the indicators “coefficient of the transmission tariff” and “integral coefficient of the transmission tariff”. Furthermore, we made calculations for 65 regions of Russia entering the price zones of power wholesale market. As a result of the analysis, we divided Russian regions of Russia according to the indicator of “integrated coefficient of transmission tariff” in 3 administrative groups. For each group, we have developed recommendations on price-dependent demand management for power transmission. The theoretical significance of the research consists in the development of methods for the analysis and selection of the most appropriate industrial enterprise tariff for electricity transmission. In practice, regional authorities can use the developed groups of regions to change the structure of regional tariffs in order to stimulate consumers to price-dependent power consumption. Moreover, the algorithm for calculating tariffs for electricity transmission can be applied by the industrial Russia enterprises in price-dependent demand management of power consumption to choose an optimum tariff and reduce costs on power transmission. © 2018 Economy of Region. All rights reserved. Проанализированы региональные тарифы на оплату услуг по передаче электрической энергии с позиции стимулирования потребителей электроэнергии к ценозависимому управлению спросом на электропотребление. Рассмотрены методика применения одноставочных и двухставочных тарифов на передачу электроэнергии, их структура и преимущества применения. На примере тарифов, действующих в Приволжском федеральном округе, рассчитаны одноставочные и двухставочные тарифы на оплату услуг по передаче для промышленных предприятий в разрезе трех типовых графиков электропотребления. The article has been supported by the Government of the Russian Federation (Resolution No211 of 16.03.2013), Agreement No 02.A03.21.0011.

The range-wide genetic diversity of Microthlaspi erraticum (Brassicaceae), a Eurasian calcareous annual plant, was investigated with respect to its migration and post-glacial re-colonisation of Central Europe. Both AFLP and sequence data (ITS, matK, trnL-F) were used to analyse 85 populations of the species sampled across its range, including Europe and Anatolia as well as the disjunct populations in Central Asia. A substantial portion of the explainable genetic variation was found to be correlated with climatic heterogeneity. A low level of within-population genetic diversity throughout the range, and a clear genetic differentiation among populations is consistent with the mainly selfing nature and fragmented distribution of the species. The highest within-population genetic diversity was found in Central Europe. However, the number of rare and private fragments was substantially higher in southern Europe and Anatolia, the inferred ancestral range of M. erraticum, whereas populations found in Kazakhstan originated from Anatolia, following a profound population bottleneck. The diversity patterns found in Central Europe and migration models support postglacial re-colonisation from two regions; the south-western Alps and the Balkans. Hence, our results provide molecular evidence for a suture zone in Central Europe, where advancing genotypes from different refugia meet and mix.

The article is devoted to the problems of price-dependent management of energy consumed by industrial enterprises which are involved in purchasing energy in the wholesale and retail energy markets. On the basis of analysis of functioning of enterprises in the conditions of innovative development of the economy, the author substantiates new requirements and principles of energy management in industrial enterprises. Based on the proposed principles, the author proposes an intellectual price-dependent approach to cost management of electricity consumption of industrial enterprises. A distinctive feature of the proposed approach is its intellectual foundation and focus on the reduction of the cost of electricity consumption for all three components of the cost of electricity (cost of electricity, cost of capacity, cost of transmission services). The article provides an analysis of forming the mandatory value to be paid with regard to each component of the cost of energy. Ways and time intervals for managing demand for electric power have been identified in order to minimize the mandatory value to be paid energy. In addition, the article provides a description of the developed elements of the information support of the process of application of the developed intellectual price-dependent approach to cost management of electricity consumption. The trial application of the proposed approach confirms the existence of substantial reserves of the reduction of the cost of electricity consumption when using price-dependent management approach. An advantage of the developed approach is the possibility of its phased implementation in business, starting with one or two facilities consuming electricity and on to complex implementation. The results of the study have scientific and practical significance and can be used when performing everyday purchases of electricity by industrial enterprises regardless of their size and activity. Статья посвящена вопросам ценозависимого управления электропотреблением промышленных предприятий, осуществляющих покупку электроэнергии в рамках оптового и розничного рынков электроэнергии. На основе проведенного анализа особенностей функционирования предприятий в условиях инновационного вектора развития экономики автором обоснованы новые требования и принципы управления энергозатратами на промышленных предприятиях. Опираясь на разработанные принципы, предложен и описан подход интеллектуального ценозависимого управления затратами на электропотрбеление на промышленных предприятиях. Отличительной особенностью предлагаемого подхода является его интеллектуальная основа и направленность на снижение затрат на электропотребление по всем трем компонентам стоимости электроэнергии (стоимость электроэнергии, стоимость электрической мощности, стоимость услуг по передаче). В статье проведен анализ формирования величины обязательств по оплате каждого компонента стоимости электрической энергии и определены направления и часовые диапазоны управления величиной спроса на электропотребление с целью минимизации величины затрат на оплату. Кроме того, в статье приведено описание разработанных элементов информационного обеспечения процесса применения разработанного интеллектуального ценозависимого подхода к управлению затратами на электропотребление. Проведенная автором апробация позволяет констатировать существенные резервы снижения затрат на электропотребление для промышленных предприятий при использовании предложенного подхода. Преимуществом разработанного подхода является возможность его поэтапного внедрения в деятельность предприятия, начиная с одного двух электропотребляющих объектов и заканчивая комплексным внедрением. Результаты исследования имеют научную и практическую значимость и могут быть использованы в повседневной деятельности по покупке электроэнергии промышленными предприятиями вне зависимости от их масштаба и вида деятельности.

The article is devoted to the analysis and evaluation of the potential of the electric structure of Russian regions. The authors introduce the category of the "potential of electric infrastructure" understood as the integrated indicator characterizing the regional power infrastructure. The authors assess the potential of electric infrastructure on the basis of the proposed methodology and the developed indicators: "the ratio of electricity tariff", "coefficient of technological connection", "integral coefficient of electric infrastructure potential." The article presents the results of testing the developed method on the example of the analysis and evaluation of the characteristics of electric power infrastructure of Russian regions. The result of testing was the construction of a rating of regions by the level of electric infrastructure potential. On the basis of the calculated parameters of electric infrastructure potential, we developed a map and a matrix of indicators of the potential of electric infrastructure of Russian regions. This allowed to classify Russian regions to several groups. The practical value of the map and matrix of the potential of electric infrastructure of Russian regions is the possibility to conduct the comparative assessment of the characteristics of the electric infrastructure of the territorial units and enables more informed management and decision-making concerning the choice of the most effective industrial investment. In addition, based on the developed indicators of electric infrastructure potential, the authors propose the improvement of the existing methods for the evaluation of investment potential of Russian regions. Previous research on the investment potential of regions does not take in account the characteristics of the potential of elecrtic infrastructure. The obtained results are of a theoretical and practical importance and can be used for the energy efficiency management of territorial units as well as for the analysis of the potential of electric infrastructure of possible industrial investments with the aim of increasing it. Представлена характеристика электроструктурного потенциала регионов. Рассмотрены факторы, влияющие на стоимость электрической энергии. Выявлены показатели, которые используются для оценки составляющих и интегрального значения электроинфраструктурного потенциала. The article has been supported by the Government of the Russian Federation (Resolution No. 211 of 16 March, 2013), Agreement No. 02.A03.21.0011.

Microthlaspi is a predominantly Eurasian genus which also occurs in the northernmost parts of Africa (Maghreb). The most widespread species of the genus is M. perfoliatum, which can be found from Sweden to Algeria and from Portugal to China. The other species are thought to have much more confined distribution ranges, often covering only a few hundred kilometres. This is also believed for the diploid M. erraticum, which was recently re-appraised as a taxon independent from the tetra- to hexaploid M. perfoliatum. Previously, M. erraticum was believed to be present only in Central Europe, from the East of France to Slovenia. In order to gain a deeper understanding of the ecology, evolution and migration history of Microthlaspi it was the focus of the current study to investigate, if M. erraticum is present in habitats outside Central Europe, but with microclimates similar to Central Europe. It is demonstrated that M. erraticum is much more widespread than previously thought, while other lineages apart from M. perfoliatum s.str. and M. erraticum seem to have restricted distribution ranges. The latter species was observed from the Alps and their foreland, the Balkans, the mountainous areas around the Black Sea, Southern Siberia, as well as the Altai and Tien Shan mountains. This demonstrates a widespread occurrence of this easily-overlooked species. (C) 2016 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

The genus Thlaspi has been variously subdivided since its description by Linnaeus in 1753, but due to similarities in fruit shape several segregates have still not gained broad recognition, despite the fact that they are not directly related to Thlaspi. This applies especially to segregates now considered to belong to the tribe Coluteocarpeae, which includes several well-studied taxa, e.g., Noccaea caerulescens (syn. Thlaspi caerulescens), and the widespread Microthlaspi perfoliatum (syn. Thlaspi perfoliatum). The taxonomy of this tribe is still debated, as a series of detailed monographs on Coluteocarpeae was not published in English and a lack of phylogenetic resolution within this tribe was found in previous studies. The current study presents detailed phylogenetic investigations and a critical review of morphological features, with focus on taxa previously placed in Microthlaspi. Based on one nuclear (ITS) and two chloroplast (matK, trnL-F) loci, four strongly supported major groups were recovered among the Coluteocarpeae genera included, corresponding to Ihsanalshehbazia gen. nov., Friedrichkarlmeyeria gen. nov., Microthlaspi s.str., and Noccaea s.l. In addition, two new species of Microthlaspi, M. sylvarum-cedri sp. nov. and M. mediterraneo-orientale sp. nov., were discovered, which are well supported by both morphological and molecular data. Furthermore, M. erraticum comb. nov. (diploid) and M. perfoliatum s.str. (polyploid) were shown to be distinct species, phylogenetically widely separate, but with some overlap in several morphological characters. Detailed descriptions, notes on taxonomy, geographical distribution, and line drawings for the new species and each species previously included in Microthlaspi are provided. In addition, the current taxonomic state of the tribe Coluteocarpeae is briefly discussed and it is concluded that while several annual taxa are clearly distinct from Noccaea, many perennial taxa, after thorough phylogenetic and morphological investigations, may have to be merged with this genus. © International Association for Plant Taxonomy (IAPT) 2016.

The genus Thlaspi has been variously subdivided since its description by Linnaeus in 1753, but due to similarities in fruit shape several segregates have still not gained broad recognition, despite the fact that they are not directly related to Thlaspi. This applies especially to segregates now considered to belong to the tribe Coluteocarpeae, which includes several well-studied taxa, e.g., Noccaea caerulescens (syn. Thlaspi caerulescens), and the widespread Microthlaspi perfoliatum (syn. Thlaspi perfoliatum). The taxonomy of this tribe is still debated, as a series of detailed monographs on Coluteocarpeae was not published in English and a lack of phylogenetic resolution within this tribe was found in previous studies. The current study presents detailed phylogenetic investigations and a critical review of morphological features, with focus on taxa previously placed in Microthlaspi. Based on one nuclear (ITS) and two chloroplast (matK, trnL-F) loci, four strongly supported major groups were recovered among the Coluteocarpeae genera included, corresponding to Ihsanalshehbazia gen. nov., Friedrichkarlmeyeria gen. nov., Microthlaspi s.str., and Noccaea s.l. In addition, two new species of Microthlaspi, M. sylvarum-cedri sp. nov. and M. mediterraneo-orientale sp. nov., were discovered, which are well supported by both morphological and molecular data. Furthermore, M. erraticum comb. nov. (diploid) and M. perfoliatum s.str. (polyploid) were shown to be distinct species, phylogenetically widely separate, but with some overlap in several morphological characters. Detailed descriptions, notes on taxonomy, geographical distribution, and line drawings for the new species and each species previously included in Microthlaspi are provided. In addition, the current taxonomic state of the tribe Coluteocarpeae is briefly discussed and it is concluded that while several annual taxa are clearly distinct from Noccaea, many perennial taxa, after thorough phylogenetic and morphological investigations, may have to be merged with this genus.

Microthlaspi is a predominantly Eurasian genus which also occurs in the northernmost parts of Africa (Maghreb). The most widespread species of the genus is M. perfoliatum, which can be found from Sweden to Algeria and from Portugal to China. The other species are thought to have much more confined distribution ranges, often covering only a few hundred kilometres. This is also believed for the diploid M. erraticum, which was recently re-appraised as a taxon independent from the tetra- to hexaploid M. perfoliatum. Previously, M. erraticum was believed to be present only in Central Europe, from the East of France to Slovenia. In order to gain a deeper understanding of the ecology, evolution and migration history of Microthlaspi it was the focus of the current study to investigate, if M. erraticum is present in habitats outside Central Europe, but with microclimates similar to Central Europe. It is demonstrated that M. erraticum is much more widespread than previously thought, while other lineages apart from M. perfoliatum s.str. and M. erraticum seem to have restricted distribution ranges. The latter species was observed from the Alps and their foreland, the Balkans, the mountainous areas around the Black Sea, Southern Siberia, as well as the Altai and Tien Shan mountains. This demonstrates a widespread occurrence of this easily-overlooked species. (C) 2016 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.