Search

Aims: Population‐wide, person‐level, linked electronic health record data are increasingly used to estimate epidemiology, guide resource allocation, and identify events in clinical trials. The accuracy of data from NHS Digital (now part of NHS England) for identifying hospitalization for heart failure (HHF), a key HF standard, is not clear. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of NHS Digital data for identifying HHF. Methods and results: Patients experiencing at least one HHF, as determined by NHS Digital data, and age‐ and sex‐matched patients not experiencing HHF, were identified from a prospective cohort study and underwent expert adjudication. Three code sets commonly used to identify HHF were applied to the data and compared with expert adjudication (I50: International Classification of Diseases‐10 codes beginning I50; OIS: Clinical Commissioning Groups Outcomes Indicator Set; and NICOR: National Institute for Cardiovascular Outcomes Research, used as the basis for the National Heart Failure Audit in England and Wales). Five hundred four patients underwent expert adjudication, of which 10 (2%) were adjudicated to have experienced HHF. Specificity was high across all three code sets in the first diagnosis position {I50: 96.2% [95% confidence interval (CI) 94.1–97.7%]; NICOR: 93.3% [CI 90.8–95.4%]; OIS: 95.6% [CI 93.3–97.2%]} but decreased substantially as the number of diagnosis positions expanded. Sensitivity [40.0% (CI 12.2–73.8%)] and positive predictive value (PPV) [highest with I50: 17.4% (CI 8.1–33.6%)] were low in the first diagnosis position for all coding sets. PPV was higher for the National Heart Failure Audit criteria, albeit modestly [36.4% (CI 16.6–62.2%)]. Conclusions: NHS Digital data were not able to accurately identify HHF and should not be used in isolation for this purpose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is characterised by severe exercise intolerance, particularly in those living with obesity. Low-energy meal-replacement plans (MRPs) have shown significant weight loss and potential cardiac remodelling benefits. This pragmatic randomised trial aims to evaluate the efficacy of MRP-directed weight loss on exercise intolerance, symptoms, quality of life and cardiovascular remodelling in a multiethnic cohort with obesity and HFpEF., Methods and Analysis: Prospective multicentre, open-label, blinded endpoint randomised controlled trial comparing low-energy MRP with guideline-driven care plus health coaching. Participants (n=110, age ≥18 years) with HFpEF and clinical stability for at least 3 months will be randomised to receive either MRP (810 kcal/day) or guideline-driven care for 12 weeks. Randomisation is stratified by sex, ethnicity, and baseline Sodium Glucose Cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2-i) use, using the electronic database RedCap with allocation concealment. Key exclusion criteria include severe valvular, lung or renal disease, infiltrative cardiomyopathies, symptomatic biliary disease or history of an eating disorder. Participants will undergo glycometabolic profiling, echocardiography, MRI for cardiovascular structure and function, body composition analysis (including visceral and subcutaneous adiposity quantification), Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) and Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT), at baseline and 12 weeks. An optional 24-week assessment will include non-contrast CMR, 6MWT, KCCQ score. Optional substudies include a qualitative study assessing participants' experiences and barriers to adopting MRP, and skeletal muscle imaging and cardiac energetics using 31Phosphorus MR spectroscopy., Statistical Analysis: Complete case analysis will be conducted with adjustment for baseline randomisation factors including sex, ethnicity and baseline SGLT2-i use. The primary outcome is the change in distance walked during the 6MWT. The primary imaging endpoint is the change in left atrial volume indexed to height on cardiac MRI. Key secondary endpoints include symptoms and quality of life measured by the KCCQ score., Ethics and Dissemination: The Health Research Authority Ethics Committee (REC reference 22/EM/0215) has approved the study. The findings of this study will be published in peer-reviewed journals., Trial Registration Number: NCT05887271., Competing Interests: Competing interests: CM, Advanced Fellowship, NIHR301338 is funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR). CM acknowledges support from the University of Manchester British Heart Foundation Research Excellence Award (RE/24/130017) and the NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre (NIHR203308). CM has participated on advisory boards/consulted for AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim and Lilly Alliance, Novartis and PureTech Health, serves as an advisor for HAYA Therapeutics, has received speaker fees from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim and Novo Nordisk, conference attendance support from AstraZeneca and research support from Amicus Therapeutics, AstraZeneca, Guerbet Laboratories Limited, Roche and Univar Solutions B.V., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2025. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ Group.)