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Silicate-based microporous materials like zeolites are nano enabled particles and used for various applications including pharmaceutical formulations. This study reports on the chemo-enzymatic functionalization of chitosan-zeolite particles (CTS-zeolites) with caffeic acid (CA) and glucose oxidase (GOX) to impart combined antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. CA was grafted on the chitosan moieties by using laccase generating stable particles (zeta potential -36.7 mV) of high antioxidant activity (44% DPPH inhibition). GOX was immobilized both on CTS-zeolites and on CA modified CTS-zeolites and creating a hydrogen peroxide generation system continuously and in-situ producing this oxidative and antimicrobial agent. The system prevented bacterial growth of E. coli and S. aureus over 24 h whereby a steady-state concentration of around 60 μM hydrogen peroxide in the culture medium was observed. CA and GOX functionalized CTS-zeolite particles additionally showed combinatorial antioxidant and antimicrobial properties providing a powerful bioactive system for medical applications. These particles proved their suitability for incorporation in bioactive formulations which could be used, inter alia, for topical wound treatments., (© 2018 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)

Mixed fermentative/hydrolytic bacteria were enriched on lignocellulose substrates in minimal medium under semi-anaerobic mesophilic conditions in the presence or absence of natural zeolite as growth supporter to ultimately bioaugment non-adapted sludge and thereby enhance the overall anaerobic digestion (AD) of recalcitrant plant material. Desired enzyme activities, i.e. xylanases and cellulase were monitored during subsequent cultivation cycles. Furthermore, enriched microbial communities were characterized by 16S rRNA-based 454-Pyrosequencing, revealing Firmicutes, Bacteriodetes, Proteobacteria and Spirochaetes to be the predominant bacterial groups in cultures derived from anaerobic sludge and raw crop material, i.e. maple green cut and wheat straw as well. Enriched populations relevant for biopolymer hydrolysis were then compared in biological methane potential tests to demonstrate positive effects on the biogasification of renewable plant substrate material. A significant impact on methane productivity was observed with adapted mixed cultures when used in combination with clinoptilolite to augment and supplement non-adapted bioreactor sludge., (Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

The colonisation of activated zeolites (i.e. clinoptilolites) as carriers for microorganisms involved in the biogas process was investigated. Zeolite particle sizes of 1.0-2.5mm were introduced to anaerobic laboratory batch-cultures and to continuously operated bioreactors during biogas production from grass silage. Incubation over 5-84 days led to the colonisation of zeolite surfaces in small batch-cultures (500 ml) and even in larger scaled and flow-through disturbed bioreactors (28 l). Morphological insights were obtained by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis based on amplification of bacterial and archaeal 16S rRNA fragments demonstrated structurally distinct populations preferring zeolite as operational environment. via sequence analysis conspicuous bands from SSCP patterns were identified. Populations immobilised on zeolite (e.g. Ruminofilibacter xylanolyticum) showed pronounced hydrolytic enzyme activity (xylanase) shortly after re-incubation in sterilised sludge on model substrate. In addition, the presence of methanogenic archaea on zeolite particles was demonstrated., (Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Biogas from agricultural biomass and residues is a valuable source of renewable energy. However, recalcitrant plant cell structures represent a barrier in the fermentative biodegradation process in single- and two-stage reactors. Therefore, approaches concerning a more efficient de-polymerisation of cellulose and hemicellulose to monomeric sugars are required amongst others in order to optimise the fermentation efficiency and to increase methane yields. Here we show a new strategy for the enhancement of biogas production from hemicellulose-rich substrates. Hemicellulolytic populations from a common biogas fermenter consortium were successively enriched in batch-cultures using a synthetic medium containing xylan powder as single carbon source under anaerobic mesophilic conditions. Enriched hemicellulolytic bacteria were immobilised on trace metal activated zeolite to ensure a stable storage and easy application. Xylanase activity increased continuously during subsequent enrichment cycles by up to 162%. In batch-culture experiments we were able to observe an increase of methane by 53% compared to controls without additionally introduced microorganisms immobilised on zeolite. Specific enrichment of hemicellulolytic bacteria during the process was confirmed by using single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis based on amplification of the eubacterial 16S rDNA fragments. Using sequence analysis conspicuous bands from SSCP patterns could be identified as belonging to the groups Bacteroides sp., Azospira oryzae (Dechlorosoma sp.) as well as to a wide spectrum of diverse species within the order of Clostridiales (Firmicutes)., (Copyright 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)