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Abstract The etiological and therapeutic complexities of schizophrenia (SCZ) persist, prompting exploration of anti-inflammatory therapy as a potential treatment approach. Methyl salicylate glycosides (MSGs), possessing a structural parent nucleus akin to aspirin, are being investigated for their therapeutic potential in schizophrenia. Utilizing bioinformation mining, network pharmacology, molecular docking and dynamics simulation, the potential value and mechanism of MSGs (including MSTG-A, MSTG-B, and Gaultherin) in the treatment of SCZ, as well as the underlying pathogenesis of the disorder, were examined. 581 differentially expressed genes related to SCZ were identified in patients and healthy individuals, with 349 up-regulated genes and 232 down-regulated genes. 29 core targets were characterized by protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, with the top 10 core targets being BDNF, VEGFA, PVALB, KCNA1, GRIN2A, ATP2B2, KCNA2, APOE, PPARGC1A and SCN1A. The pathogenesis of SCZ primarily involves cAMP signaling, neurodegenerative diseases and other pathways, as well as regulation of ion transmembrane transport. Molecular docking analysis revealed that the three candidates exhibited binding activity with certain targets with binding affinities ranging from −4.7 to −109.2 kcal/mol. MSTG-A, MSTG-B and Gaultherin show promise for use in the treatment of SCZ, potentially through their ability to modulate the expression of multiple genes involved in synaptic structure and function, ion transport, energy metabolism. Molecular dynamics simulation revealed good binding abilities between MSTG-A, MSTG-B, Gaultherin and ATP2B2. It suggests new avenues for further investigation in this area.

Abstract The leaf beetle Ophraella communa LeSage (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is an effective biological control agent of the common ragweed. Here, we assembled a chromosome-level genome of the O. communa by combining Illumina, Nanopore, and Hi-C sequencing technologies. The genome size of the final genome assembly is 733.1 Mb, encompassing 17 chromosomes, with an improved contig N50 of 7.05 Mb compared to the original version. Genome annotation reveals 25,873 protein-coding genes, with functional annotations available for 22,084 genes (85.35%). Non-coding sequence annotation identified 204 rRNAs, 626 tRNAs, and 1791 small RNAs. Repetitive elements occupy 414.41 Mb, constituting 57.76% of the genome. This high-quality genome is fundamental for advancing biological control strategies employing O. communa.

Abstract Background Increasing evidence suggested that immune abnormalities involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. However, the relationship between immunity and clinical features has not been clarified. The aim of this study was to measure the plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and soluble TNF-α receptor 1 (sTNF-α R1) and to investigate their association with agitation in first episode patients with schizophrenia (FEPS). Methods The plasma TNF-α and sTNF-α R1 levels were measured using sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the FEPS with (n = 36) and without agitation (n = 49) symptoms, and healthy controls (HCs, n = 54). The psychopathology was assessed by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and the agitation symptoms were evaluated by the PANSS excitatory component (PANSS-EC). Results The plasma TNF-α levels in patients with and without agitation symptoms were significantly higher than those in HCs. The patients with agitation had significantly higher plasma TNF-α levels compared to the patients without agitation. There were no significant differences in the sTNF-α R1 levels among the three groups. Furthermore, the plasma TNF-α levels were positively correlated with the PANSS total score, Positive and General psychopathological subscores, and PANSS-EC score in the FEPS, but the relationships were not found for the plasma sTNF-α R1 levels. Conclusions These results suggested that TNF-α might play an important role in the onset and development of agitation symptoms of schizophrenia.

AIM: To observe the effect of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) secretions on the relevant factors in mouse retinal astrocytes, and to investigate the effect of hUCMSCs on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) and to observe the therapeutic effect on the mouse model of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). METHODS: Cultured hUCMSCs and extracted exosomes from them and then retinal astrocytes were divided into control group and hypoxia group. MTT assay, flow cytometry, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot were used to detect related indicators. Possible mechanisms by which hUCMSCs exosomes affect VEGF-A expression in hypoxia-induced mouse retinal astrocytes were explored. At last, the efficacy of exosomes of UCMSCs in a mouse ROP model was explored. Graphpad6 was used to comprehensively process data information. RESULTS: The secretion was successfully extracted from the culture supernatant of hUCMSCs by gradient ultracentrifugation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) of mice retinal astrocytes under different hypoxia time and the expression level of VEGF-A protein and VEGF-A mRNA increased, and the ROP cell model was established after 6h of hypoxia. The secretions of medium and high concentrations of hUCMSCs can reduce ROS and HIF-1α, the expression levels of VEGF-A protein and VEGF-A mRNA are statistically significant and concentration dependent. Compared with the ROP cell model group, the expression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signal pathway related factors in the hUCMSCs exocrine group is significantly decreased. The intravitreal injection of the secretions of medium and high concentrations of hUCMSCs can reduce VEGF-A and HIF-1α in ROP model tissues. HE staining shows that the number of retinal neovascularization in ROP mice decreases with the increase of the dose of hUCMSCs secretion. CONCLUSION: In a hypoxia induced mouse retinal astrocyte model, hUCMSCs exosomes are found to effectively reduce the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF-A, which are positively correlated with the concentration of hUCMSCs exosomes. HUCMSCs exosomes can effectively reduce the number of retinal neovascularization and the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF-A proteins in ROP mice, and are positively correlated with drug dosage. Besides, they can reduce the related factors on the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.

Abstract Top emission can enhance luminance, color purity, and panel-manufacturing compatibility for emissive displays. Still, top-emitting quantum-dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) suffer from poor stability, low light outcoupling, and non-negligible viewing-angle dependence because, for QLEDs with non-red emission, the electrically optimum device structure is incompatible with single-mode optical microcavity. Here, we demonstrate that by improving the way of determining reflection penetration depths and creating refractive-index-lowering processes, the issues faced by green QLEDs can be overcome. This leads to advanced device performance, including a luminance exceeding 1.6 million nits, a current efficiency of 204.2 cd A−1, and a T 95 operational lifetime of 15,600 hours at 1000 nits. Meanwhile, our design does not compromise light outcoupling as it offers an external quantum efficiency of 29.2% without implementing light extraction methods. Lastly, an angular color shift of Δu’v’ = 0.0052 from 0° to 60° is achieved by narrowing the emission linewidth of quantum dots.

Abstract Background Clozapine is an off-label drug used in most countries to prevent suicide in individuals with schizophrenia. However, few studies have reported real-world prescription practices. This study aimed to explore the association between a history of suicidal behavior and clozapine prescribing during eight weeks of hospitalization for individuals with early-stage schizophrenia. Methods This observational cohort study used routine health data collected from a mental health hospital in Beijing, China. The study included 1057 inpatients who had schizophrenia onset within 3 years. History of suicidal behavior was coded from reviewing medical notes according to the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale. Information on antipsychotic use during hospitalization was extracted from the prescription records. Time to clozapine use was analyzed using Cox regression models adjusted for sociodemographic and clinical covariates. Results The prevalence rates of self-harm, suicidal behavior, and suicide attempt were 12.3%, 7.5%, and 5.4%, respectively. A history of self-harm history was positively associated with clozapine uses upon admission (4.1% vs. 0.8%, exact p = 0.009). Among those who had not used clozapine and had no clozapine contraindication, A history of suicidal behavior increased the possibility of switch to clozapine within 56 days after admission (Hazard Ratio[95% CI], 6.09[2.08–17.83]) or during hospitalization (4.18[1.62–10.78]). Conclusion The use of clozapine for early-stage schizophrenia was more frequent among those with suicidal behavior than among those without suicidal behavior in China, although the drug instructions do not label its use for suicide risk.

Hydrogeochemical studies of geothermal fluid are widely used to determine the formation mechanism and occurrence environment and predict favourable exploration areas for geothermal resources. Objective In order to understand the heat source and causative mechanisms of the geothermal system, the areas of geothermal anomalies are delineated in Yingcheng City, Hubei Province. Methods This study examines the geochemical origins of major components in geothermal fluid and evaluates the thermal reservoir temperatures of geothermal fluid based on the hydrochemical and isotopic characteristics of geothermal water and shallow groundwater. By integrating the temperature and hydrochemical data of shallow groundwater in the area, the geothermal anomaly zones are delineated. Results The results show that geothermal water hydrochemistry is mainly SO4-Ca, and the main thermal storage enclosing rock of the geothermal system is marine carbonate rock, with a thermal reservoir temperature of approximately 112.2 ℃. Atmospheric precipitation infiltration and water-rock interactions in carbonate thermal reservoirs are the main sources of chemical components in geothermal water. The hydrochemical and hydrogen-oxygen isotope characteristics of the geothermal water indicate that the recharge source of the geothermal water is the precipitation from the mountainous areas in the western part of the study area.The atmospheric precipitation infiltrates from the recharge area and then continuously moves to the centre of the southeastern basin with a circulation depth of 3 436.7 m to 5 030.2 m. Conclusion Comparisons with the typical magma-heat source type of geothermal system as well as the results of the data of radioactive elements in the rocks, this study showed that the geothermal system of Yingcheng is formed by the heating of geothermal temperature gradient. Combined with the temperature and hydrochemistry data of the shallow underground cold water in the area, the final geothermal anomaly area is located in North of Chenhe Town Southwest of Yingchengcity, but the influence of objective constraints such as well depths and anthropogenic contamination on the results of the circle still needs to be considered.

Abstract Background Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a common clinical disease. Improper treatment can lead to femoral head collapse and hip joint dysfunction. Core decompression is particularly important for early ONFH. However, subtrochanteric fractures after core decompression cause some clinical problems. Case presentation This article describes a 34-year-old male patient with early ONFH. After core decompression, he suffered a subtrochanteric fracture of the femur while bearing weight on the affected limb when going up stairs. He was subsequently treated with open reduction and intramedullary nail fixation. Conclusion When core decompression is used to treat ONFH, the location or size of the drill hole, whether a tantalum rod or bone is inserted, and partial weight-bearing of the affected limb may directly affect whether a fracture occurs after surgery. It is hoped that this case report can provide a reference for clinical orthopedic surgeons in the treatment of early ONFH.

Abstract Background 8-Oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1), a well-known DNA repair enzyme, has been demonstrated to promote lung fibrosis, while the specific regulatory mechanism of OGG1 during pulmonary fibrosis remains unclarified. Methods A bleomycin (BLM)-induced mouse pulmonary fibrosis model was established, and TH5487 (the small molecule OGG1 inhibitor) and Mitochondrial division inhibitor 1 (Mdivi-1) were used for administration. Histopathological injury of the lung tissues was assessed. The profibrotic factors and oxidative stress-related factors were examined using the commercial kits. Western blot was used to examine protein expression and immunofluorescence analysis was conducted to assess macrophages polarization and autophagy. The conditional medium from M2 macrophages was harvested and added to HFL-1 cells for culture to simulate the immune microenvironment around fibroblasts during pulmonary fibrosis. Subsequently, the loss- and gain-of function experiments were conducted to further confirm the molecular mechanism of OGG1/PINK1. Results In BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis, OGG1 was upregulated while PINK1/Parkin was downregulated. Macrophages were activated and polarized to M2 phenotype. TH5487 administration effectively mitigated pulmonary fibrosis, M2 macrophage polarization, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction while promoted PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy in lung tissues of BLM-induced mice, which was partly hindered by Mdivi-1. PINK1 overexpression restricted M2 macrophages-induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy inactivation in lung fibroblast cells, and OGG1 knockdown could promote PINK1/Parkin expression and alleviate M2 macrophages-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in HFL-1 cells. Conclusion OGG1 inhibition protects against pulmonary fibrosis, which is partly via activating PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy and retarding M2 macrophage polarization, providing a therapeutic target for pulmonary fibrosis.

Abstract Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction (CO2RR), an emerging sustainable energy technology to convert atmospheric CO2 into value‐added chemicals, has received extensive attention. However, the high thermodynamic stability of CO2 and the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction lead to poor catalytic performances, hardly meeting industrial application demands. Due to abundant reserves and favorable CO selectivity, zinc (Zn)‐based catalysts have been considered one of the most prospective catalysts for CO2‐to‐CO conversion. A series of advanced zinc‐based electrocatalysts, including Zn nanosheets, Zn single atoms, defective ZnO, and metallic Zn alloys, have been widely reported for CO2RR. Despite significant progress, a comprehensive and fundamental summary is still lacking. Herein, this review provides a thorough discussion of effective modulation strategies such as morphology design, doping, defect, heterointerface, alloying, facet, and single‐atom, emphasizing how these methods can influence the electronic structure and adsorption properties of intermediates, as well as the catalytic activity of Zn‐based materials. Moreover, the challenges and opportunities of Zn‐based catalysts for CO2RR are also discussed. This review is expected to promote the broader application of efficient Zn‐based catalysts in electrocatalytic CO2RR, thus contributing to a future of sustainable energy.

Abstract Background This study aimed to explore the expression, molecular mechanism and its biological function of potassium two pore domain channel subfamily K member 1 (KCNK1) in bladder cancer (BC). Methods We integrated large numbers of external samples (n = 1486) to assess KCNK1 mRNA expression levels and collected in-house samples (n = 245) for immunohistochemistry (IHC) experiments to validate at the KCNK1 protein level. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis was performed to further assess KCNK1 expression and cellular communication. The transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of KCNK1 expression were explored by ChIP-seq, ATAC-seq and ChIA-PET data. Highly expressed co-expressed genes (HECEGs) of KCNK1 were used to explore potential signalling pathways. Furthermore, the immunoassay, clinical significance and molecular docking of KCNK1 were calculated. Results KCNK1 mRNA was significantly overexpressed in BC (SMD = 0.58, 95% CI [0.05; 1.11]), validated at the protein level (p

Abstract High temperature and humidity in the environment are known to be associated with discomfort and disease, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We observed a decrease in plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 levels in response to high-temperature and humidity conditions. Through 16S rRNA gene sequencing, alterations in the gut microbiota composition were identified following exposure to high temperature and humidity conditions. Notably, changes in the gut microbiota have been implicated in bile acid synthesis. Further analysis revealed a decrease in lithocholic acid levels in high-temperature and humidity conditions. Subsequent in vitro experiments demonstrated that lithocholic acid increases glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion in NCI-H716 cells. Proteomic analysis indicated upregulation of farnesoid X receptor expression in the ileum. In vitro experiments revealed that the combination of lithocholic acid with farnesoid X receptor inhibitors resulted in a significant increase in GLP-1 levels compared to lithocholic acid alone. In this study, we elucidate the mechanism by which reduced lithocholic acid suppresses glucagon-like peptide 1 via farnesoid X receptor activation under high-temperature and humidity condition.

Abstract Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which cannot be synthesized by animals and must be supplied from the diet, have been strongly associated with human health. However, the mechanisms for their accretion remain poorly understood. Here, we show that LDL receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5), but not its homolog LRP6, selectively transports unesterified PUFAs into a number of cell types. The LDLa ligand-binding repeats of LRP5 directly bind to PUFAs and are required and sufficient for PUFA transport. In contrast to the known PUFA transporters Mfsd2a, CD36 and FATP2, LRP5 transports unesterified PUFAs via internalization to intracellular compartments including lysosomes, and n-3 PUFAs depend on this transport mechanism to inhibit mTORC1. This LRP5-mediated PUFA transport mechanism suppresses extracellular trap formation in neutrophils and protects mice from myocardial injury during ischemia-reperfusion. Thus, this study reveals a biologically important mechanism for unesterified PUFA transport to intracellular compartments.

AIM: To identify different metabolites, proteins and related pathways to elucidate the causes of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and resistance to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs, and to provide biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of PDR. METHODS: Vitreous specimens from patients with diabetic retinopathy were collected and analyzed by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analyses based on 4D label-free technology. Statistically differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway representation and protein interactions were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 12 samples were analyzed. The proteomics results showed that a total of 58 proteins were identified as DEPs, of which 47 proteins were up-regulated and 11 proteins were down-regulated. We found that C1q and tumor necrosis factor related protein 5 (C1QTNF5), Clusterin (CLU), tissue inhibitor of metal protease 1 (TIMP1) and signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα) can all be specifically regulated after aflibercept treatment. GO functional analysis showed that some DEPs are related to changes in inflammatory regulatory pathways caused by PDR. In addition, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network evaluation revealed that TIMP1 plays a central role in neural regulation. In addition, CD47/SIRPα may become a key target to resolve anti-VEGF drug resistance in PDR. CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis is an approach of choice to explore the molecular mechanisms of PDR. Our data show that multiple proteins are differentially changed in PDR patients after intravitreal injection of aflibercept, among which C1QTNF5, CLU, TIMP1 and SIRPα may become targets for future treatment of PDR and resolution of anti-VEGF resistance.

Abstract Hyperuricemia (HUA) is a metabolic syndrome caused by abnormal purine metabolism. Although recent studies have noted a relationship between the gut microbiota and gout, whether the microbiota could ameliorate HUA-associated systemic purine metabolism remains unclear. In this study, we constructed a novel model of HUA in geese and investigated the mechanism by which Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) could have beneficial effects on HUA. The administration of antibiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) experiments were used in this HUA goose model. The effects of LGG and its metabolites on HUA were evaluated in vivo and in vitro. Heterogeneous expression and gene knockout of LGG revealed the mechanism of LGG. Multi-omics analysis revealed that the Lactobacillus genus is associated with changes in purine metabolism in HUA. This study showed that LGG and its metabolites could alleviate HUA through the gut-liver-kidney axis. Whole-genome analysis, heterogeneous expression, and gene knockout of LGG enzymes ABC-type multidrug transport system (ABCT), inosine-uridine nucleoside N-ribohydrolase (iunH), and xanthine permease (pbuX) demonstrated the function of nucleoside degradation in LGG. Multi-omics and a correlation analysis in HUA patients and this goose model revealed that a serum proline deficiency, as well as changes in Collinsella and Lactobacillus, may be associated with the occurrence of HUA. Our findings demonstrated the potential of a goose model of diet-induced HUA, and LGG and proline could be promising therapies for HUA.

Abstract Background The evolutionarily conserved protein FBXO9 acts as a substrate receptor for the SKP1-cullin-1-RBX1 ubiquitin ligase and is implicated in cancer, exhibiting either tumor-suppressive or oncogenic effects depending on the specific tumor type. However, their role in lung cancer metastasis remains unclear. Methods Lentiviral vectors carrying miRNA-based shRNA sequences for gene-specific knockdown were generated, and Lenti-CRISPR-Cas9 vectors containing gene-specific sgRNA sequences were designed. Gene overexpression was achieved using doxycycline-inducible lentiviral constructs, while gene knockdown or knockout cells were generated using shRNA and CRISPR-Cas9, respectively. Functional assays included migration, clonogenic survival assays, tumor sphere assays, and protein interaction studies using mass spectrometry, immunoprecipitation, and immunoblot analysis. Results This study identified FBXO9 as a crucial regulator that suppresses lung cancer cell migration, tumor sphere growth and restricts metastasis. We showed that FBXO9 facilitates the ubiquitination of the catalytic subunit A (ATP6V1A) of the Vacuolar-type H+-ATPase (V-ATPase), resulting in its interaction with the cytoplasmic chaperone HSPA8 and subsequent sequestration within the cytoplasm. This process hinders the assembly of functional V-ATPase, resulting in reduced vesicular acidification. In contrast, depletion of FBXO9 reduced ATP6V1A ubiquitination, resulting in increased V-ATPase assembly and vesicular acidification, thus promoting pro-metastatic Wnt signaling and metastasis of lung cancer cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated the effectiveness of inhibitors targeting V-ATPase in inhibiting lung cancer metastasis in a mouse model. Finally, we established a correlation between lower FBXO9 levels and poorer survival outcomes in patients with lung cancer. Conclusion These findings collectively elucidate the critical role of FBXO9 in regulating V-ATPase assembly and provide a molecular basis for FBXO9’s function in inhibiting lung cancer metastasis. This highlights the potential therapeutic opportunities of FBXO9 supplementation.

Abstract Background Rural settlements are undergoing significant changes under the rapid urbanisation, and understanding their evolution characteristics and surrounding land use will provide a basis for land spatial planning. This study takes Pingnan County, Fujian Province, China as study area, reveals the characteristics of spatial–temporal evolution and surrounding land use transition of settlements during 1985–2020 through landscape metrics, spatial “hot spot” analysis, scale classification statistics, rank-size model, Gini index, land use transition matrix. Results The results show that: (1) Concerning the size and morphological characteristics, the settlements have witnessed a considerable increase in number and scale while remaining stable in shape. (2) Regarding spatial distribution characteristics, the settlements became more evenly spread, forming three main hotspot clusters. (3) Concerning scale structure characteristics, there are significant differences in scale, growth rates, and polarisation of settlements; the polarisation of large settlements shifted from a marked divergence before 2010 to a more balanced trend after 2010. (4) The land use transition around settlements differed in buffer zones and periods. During 1985–2010, settlement expansion heavily depended on cropland, depleting nearby resources, with an increase of woodland and grassland. During 2010–2020, expansion integrated cropland, woodland, and grassland, with cropland growth mainly encroaching on woodland and grassland. Conclusions The study's findings are significant for optimising rural settlement structure in mountains and promoting sustainable land resource use.

Abstract The response to programmed death-1 (PD-1) blockade varies in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We utilize a panel of 16 serum factors to show that a circulating level of serum amyloid A (SAA) > 20.0 mg/L has the highest accuracy in predicting anti-PD-1 resistance in HCC. Further experiments show a correlation between peritumoral SAA expression and circulating SAA levels in patients with progressive disease after PD-1 inhibition. In vitro experiments demonstrate that SAA induces neutrophils to express PD-L1 through glycolytic activation via an LDHA/STAT3 pathway and to release oncostatin M, thereby attenuating cytotoxic T cell function. In vivo, genetic or pharmacological inhibition of STAT3 or SAA eliminates neutrophil-mediated immunosuppression and enhances antitumor efficacy of anti-PD-1 treatment. This study indicates that SAA may be a critical inflammatory cytokine implicated in anti-PD-1 resistance in HCC. Targeting SAA-induced PD-L1+ neutrophils through STAT3 or SAA inhibition may present a potential approach for overcoming anti-PD1 resistance.

Nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) are two key mineral nutrient elements involved in rice growth. Accurate diagnosis of N and K status is very important for the rational application of fertilizers at a specific rice growth stage. Therefore, we propose a hybrid model for diagnosing rice nutrient levels at the early panicle initiation stage (EPIS), which combines a convolutional neural network (CNN) with an attention mechanism and a long short-term memory network (LSTM). The model was validated on a large set of sequential images collected by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) from rice canopies at different growth stages during a two-year experiment. Compared with VGG16, AlexNet, GoogleNet, DenseNet, and inceptionV3, ResNet101 combined with LSTM obtained the highest average accuracy of 83.81% on the dataset of Huanghuazhan (HHZ, an indica cultivar). When tested on the datasets of HHZ and Xiushui 134 (XS134, a japonica rice variety) in 2021, the ResNet101-LSTM model enhanced with the squeeze-and-excitation (SE) block achieved the highest accuracies of 85.38 and 88.38%, respectively. Through the cross-dataset method, the average accuracies on the HHZ and XS134 datasets tested in 2022 were 81.25 and 82.50%, respectively, showing a good generalization. Our proposed model works with the dynamic information of different rice growth stages and can efficiently diagnose different rice nutrient status levels at EPIS, which are helpful for making practical decisions regarding rational fertilization treatments at the panicle initiation stage.

AIM: To observe the retinal and choroidal circulations in patients with non-arteritic permanent central retinal artery occlusion (NA-CRAO) via optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and analyze their correlation with visual acuity. METHODS: Sixty-two eyes with clinically confirmed acute NA-CRAO were included in the study and divided into: A type (mild n=29), B type (moderate n=27) and C type (severe n=6) based on the degree of visual loss, retinal edema, and arterial blood flow delay in fundus fluorescence angiography (FFA). Contralateral healthy eyes were used as the control group. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), slit lamp microscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy, fundus color photography, OCTA, and FFA were performed. Spearman's correlation analysis was used to determine the correlations between retinal and choroidal vessels and visual acuity. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in age, gender, and intraocular pressure among the three types and the control group (P>0.05). Vessel density in deep capillary plexus (VD-DCP) significantly decreased (P

Summary: The oxidative-stress-related protein Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) is a substrate articulator of E3 ubiquitin ligase, which plays an important role in the ubiquitination modification of proteins. However, the function of KEAP1 in breast cancer and its impact on the survival of patients with breast cancer remain unclear. Our study demonstrates that KEAP1, a positive prognostic factor, plays a crucial role in regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle transition in breast cancer. We investigate the underlying mechanism using human tumor tissues, high-throughput detection technology, and a mouse xenograft tumor model. KEAP1 serves as a key regulator of cellular metabolism, the reprogramming of which is one of the hallmarks of tumorigenesis. KEAP1 has a significant effect on mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative phosphorylation by regulating HSPA9 ubiquitination and degradation. These results suggest that KEAP1 could serve as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in the treatment of breast cancer.

Osteoporotic femoral neck fractures (OFNFs) pose a significant orthopedic challenge in the elderly population, accounting for up to 40% of all osteoporotic fractures and leading to considerable health deterioration and increased mortality. In addressing the critical need for early identification of osteoporosis through routine screening of femoral neck bone mineral density (FNBMD), this study developed a user-friendly prediction model aimed at men aged 50 years and older, a demographic often overlooked in osteoporosis screening. Utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), the study involved outlier detection and handling, missing value imputation via the K nearest neighbor (KNN) algorithm, and data normalization and encoding. The dataset was split into training and test sets with a 7:3 ratio, followed by feature screening through the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and the Boruta algorithm. Eight different machine learning algorithms were then employed to construct predictive models, with their performance evaluated through a comprehensive metric suite. The random forest regressor (RFR) emerged as the most effective model, characterized by key predictors such as age, body mass index (BMI), poverty income ratio (PIR), serum calcium, and race, achieving a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.218 and maintaining robustness in sensitivity analyses. Notably, excluding race from the model resulted in sustained high performance, underscoring the model’s adaptability. Interpretations using Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) highlighted the influence of each feature on FNBMD. These findings indicate that our predictive model effectively aids in the early detection of osteoporosis, potentially reducing the incidence of OFNFs in this high-risk population.

Isoprenoid metabolism and its derivatives took part in photosynthesis, growth regulation, signal transduction, and plant defense to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, how aluminum (Al) stress affects the isoprenoid metabolism and whether isoprenoid metabolism plays a vital role in the Citrus plants in coping with Al stress remain unclear. In this study, we reported that Al–treatment–induced alternation in the volatilization rate of monoterpenes (α–pinene, β–pinene, limonene, α–terpinene, γ–terpinene and 3–carene) and isoprene were different between Citrus sinensis (Al-tolerant) and C. grandis (Al-sensitive) leaves. The Al-induced decrease of CO2 assimilation, maximum quantum yield of primary PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm), the lower contents of glucose and starch, and the lowered activities of enzymes involved in the mevalonic acid (MVA) pathway and 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway might account for the different volatilization rate of isoprenoids. Furthermore, the altered transcript levels of genes related to isoprenoid precursors and/or derivatives metabolism, such as geranyl diphosphate (GPP) synthase (GPPS) in GPP biosynthesis, geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGPPS), chlorophyll synthase (CHS) and GGPP reductase (GGPPR) in chlorophyll biosynthesis, limonene synthase (LS) and α-pinene synthase (APS) in limonene and α–pinene synthesis, respectively, might be responsible for the different contents of corresponding products in C. grandis and C. sinensis. Our data suggested that isoprenoid metabolism was involved in Al tolerance response in Citrus, and the alternation of some branches of isoprenoid metabolism could confer different Al-tolerance to Citrus species.