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Cellulose fiber membranes have been of great interest in the battery research community due to their excellent electrolyte affinity and thermal stability. However, they have long been plagued by issues such as unevenly distributed large pores and poor mechanical strength. In this study, we employed a unique method combining cellulose partial dissolution, phase separation, and in situ growth of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) to optimize the pore structure of cellulose fiber membranes, and successfully fabricated a uniform nanoporous cellulose composite membrane. The optimized cellulose composite membrane demonstrated outstanding performance, including higher porosity (63.7%), electrolyte absorption (432%), and ion conductivity (1.43 mS cm−1), lower interfacial resistance (87 Ω), and lower desolvation activation energy (56.1 KJ mol−1). ZIF nanoparticles as an anion-sorbent grown on the nanoporous surface can enhance lithium-ion transportation and alleviate the decomposition of anions. Most importantly, the LiFePO4/membrane/Li cell assembled with this cellulose composite membrane showed excellent cycling stability with a capacity retention of 95% after 300 cycles at a current density of 1C. We anticipate that this work could promote the applications of sustainable cellulose fiber membranes in the battery industry in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An arsenate reductase (Car1) from the Bacteroidetes species Rufibacter tibetensis 1351T was isolated from the Tibetan Plateau. The strain exhibits resistance to arsenite [As(III)] and arsenate [As(V)] and reduces As(V) to As(III). Here we shed light on the mechanism of enzymatic reduction by Car1. AlphaFold2 structure prediction, active site energy minimization, and steady‐state kinetics of wild‐type and mutant enzymes give insight into the catalytic mechanism. Car1 is structurally related to calcineurin‐like metallophosphoesterases (MPPs). It functions as a binuclear metal hydrolase with limited phosphatase activity, particularly relying on the divalent metal Ni2+. As an As(V) reductase, it displays metal promiscuity and is coupled to the thioredoxin redox cycle, requiring the participation of two cysteine residues, Cys74 and Cys76. These findings suggest that Car1 evolved from a common ancestor of extant phosphatases by incorporating a redox function into an existing MPP catalytic site. Its proposed mechanism of arsenate reduction involves Cys74 initiating a nucleophilic attack on arsenate, leading to the formation of a covalent intermediate. Next, a nucleophilic attack of Cys76 leads to the release of As(III) and the formation of a surface‐exposed Cys74‐Cys76 disulfide, ready for reduction by thioredoxin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we introduce the modified Navier-Stokes-Cahn-Hilliard equations with a data assimilation term to utilize the information of the observed data. Based on the idea of feedback control, this term nudges the solutions to the observed data sampled from the reference process. By utilizing the Crank-Nicolson formula and the scalar auxiliary variable approach, we introduce an efficient numerical scheme for the modified Navier-Stokes-Cahn-Hilliard equations. Properties of the mass conservation and unconditional energy stability are proved. We explore the robustness and efficiency of the proposed scheme with various experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveMethodsResultsConclusionThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of virtual reality training combined with traditional Chinese medicine health preservation therapy on cognitive function, neurological function, and physical function of stroke patients.The patients were randomly divided into an experimental group (receiving virtual reality training combined with traditional Chinese medicine health preservation therapy) and a control group (receiving conventional rehabilitation treatment combined with traditional Chinese medicine health preservation therapy). A series of cognitive, neurological, and physical function assessments were conducted to collect and analyze data from both groups before treatment, after treatment, and during follow-up. The application of traditional Chinese medicine health preservation concepts was also explored.After treatment, the experimental group had significantly higher scores in the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) compared to the control group. The overall effective rate of neurological function in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group. The Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) scores for upper limb function in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group. The degree of improvement in the Modified Barthel Index scores after treatment was significantly better in the experimental group compared to the control group (all P < 0.05).The results of this study demonstrate that virtual reality training combined with traditional Chinese medicine health preservation therapy significantly improves cognitive function, neurological function, and physical function in stroke patients. This approach provides new insights and methods for stroke rehabilitation therapy and is worthy of promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim Methods Results Conclusions Cenicriviroc (CVC) is a CCR2/CCR5 antagonist that has been shown to be effective in the treatment of inflammatory and fibrotic diseases. Our study evaluated its efficacy in colitis.Mouse models of DSS‐induced acute and chronic colitis were established. The efficacy of CVC in colitis was assessed by disease activity index (DAI) scores, histological assessment of inflammation and fibrosis, and expression assays of key molecules. In in vitro experiments, HT29 cell line was exposed to TNFα to study inflammatory signaling in intestinal epithelial cells. CCD‐18Co colonic myofibroblasts and human primary colonic fibroblasts were activated by TGFβ1 to mimic fibroblast activation.In HT29 cells, CVC significantly reduced mRNA expression of CCL5 (P < 0.01) but had no effect on CCL2. Furthermore, CVC reduced downstream CX3CL1 (P < 0.01) and TNFα (P < 0.05) expression, thereby inhibiting inflammatory progression. In acute colitis mice, CVC significantly reduced DAI scores and serum TNFα levels (P < 0.05) and attenuated colonic inflammation as shown by HE staining. Meanwhile, CVC had no adverse effects on the liver, heart, and kidney of mice. On the other hand, in cellular models of chronic colitis, CVC decreased the expression of fibrosis markers, including FN, CTGF, α‐SMA, and MMP9, and inhibited TGFβ1‐induced fibrotic activation (P < 0.01). In addition, CVC attenuated colonic fibrosis in chronic colitis mice. Moreover, CVC significantly promoted autophagy, which contributed to its regulation of inflammation.CVC significantly inhibited inflammation through CCL5/CCR5 signaling without damaging vital organs and suppressed fibrotic activation in chronic colitis, suggesting its great potential to relieve colonic inflammation and fibrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To stimulate economic growth, China has launched multiple economic stimulus plans in recent years, intensifying corporate debt financing and subsequently elevating the leverage levels. Addressing and effectively reducing the leverage levels of our country's enterprises has emerged as a pressing issue in the trajectory of our economic development. This paper primarily investigates the drivers, pathways, and mechanisms for reversing the over-leveraged values of enterprises. Key findings include: (1) Excessive indebtedness exerts a negative impact on corporate value, with the suppressing effect intensifying as the degree of over-leverage increases; (2) Over-leveraged enterprises can effectively decrease their debt levels and enhance their value through private placement. Further research suggests that this mechanism operates by amplifying the operational leverage of over-leveraged enterprises post private placement and alleviating financing constraints, thereby elevating corporate value. (3) Compared to non-state-owned enterprises, state-owned enterprises exhibit higher levels of indebtedness. Among over-leveraged firms, enhancements in corporate governance and increased investment efficiency can positively transform corporate value. This study offers valuable insights for the ongoing supply-side structural reforms and governance guidance from the regulatory bodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the synthesis of C f /(Hf 1/2 Zr 1/3 Ti 1/6)C non-equimolar middle-entropy composites was reported through precursor infiltration and pyrolysis processing for the first time. The pyrolysis process of the (Hf 1/2 Zr 1/3 Ti 1/6)C precursor was examined by XRD, while the resultant ceramic was characterized by SEM, EDS, and TEM. The results showed that precursor-derived (Hf 1/2 Zr 1/3 Ti 1/6)C powders were characterized by single-phase and uniformly distributed elements from microscale to nanoscale. The C f /(Hf 1/2 Zr 1/3 Ti 1/6)C composites exhibited a density of 2.741 g/cm3 and a porosity of 11.49 vol%. The various elements were uniformly distributed throughout the material. It also demonstrated outstanding mechanical properties, with a flexural strength of 219.34 MPa and a modulus of 24.82 GPa. At the heat flux of 3 MW/m2, the oxides after ablation were inadequate to fully envelop the substrate. When the heat flux increased to 4 MW/m2, a dense Hf-Zr-Ti-O multiphase oxide layer was formed on the surface of the sample, providing the internal C f /(Hf 1/2 Zr 1/3 Ti 1/6)C composites against further ablation. At the heat flux of 5 MW/m2, (Hf, Zr)TiO 4 was severely consumed. Our research expands the application scope of non-equimolar middle-entropy composites in the domain of ultra-high temperature ablation resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The identification of maritime targets plays a critical role in ensuring maritime safety and safeguarding against potential threats. While satellite remote-sensing imagery serves as the primary data source for monitoring maritime targets, it only provides positional and morphological characteristics without detailed identity information, presenting limitations as a sole data source. To address this issue, this paper proposes a method for enhancing maritime target identification and positioning accuracy through the fusion of Automatic Identification System (AIS) data and satellite remote-sensing imagery. The AIS utilizes radio communication to acquire multidimensional feature information describing targets, serving as an auxiliary data source to complement the limitations of image data and achieve maritime target identification. Additionally, the positional information provided by the AIS can serve as maritime control points to correct positioning errors and enhance accuracy. By utilizing data from the Jilin-1 Spectral-01 satellite imagery with a resolution of 5 m and AIS data, the feasibility of the proposed method is validated through experiments. Following preprocessing, maritime target fusion is achieved using a point-set matching algorithm based on positional features and a fuzzy comprehensive decision method incorporating attribute features. Subsequently, the successful fusion of target points is utilized for positioning error correction. Experimental results demonstrate a significant improvement in maritime target positioning accuracy compared to raw data, with over a 70% reduction in root mean square error and positioning errors controlled within 4 pixels, providing relatively accurate target positions that essentially meet practical requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

X‐ray detectors utilizing 2D/3D heterodimensional perovskites have achieved great success. However, the labile nature of halide perovskites generally results in structures with random orientations and interfaces, which in turn increases the dark noise of X‐ray detectors, hindering their use in low‐dose X‐ray detection. Here, it is shown that both anisotropy and ultralow dark current can be achieved in self‐powered X‐ray detectors using well‐oriented 2D/3D heterodimensional perovskite crystals (HPCs). A halide diffusion‐promoted welding approach is devised to create the oriented HPCs, enabling two distinct configurations: A lateral orientation where the inorganic frameworks of the two phases are perpendicular, and a vertical orientation with parallel inorganic slabs. The different crystalline orientations produce unique anisotropic X‐ray detecting performance of 2D/3D HPCs, with a large anisotropic ratio of 4. Moreover, a self‐powered X‐ray detector using vertical HPC exhibits a greatly suppressed dark current density of 0.17 nA cm−2 and a low detection limit of 77 nGyair s−1, enabling high‐resolution X‐ray imaging. In contrast, the lateral devices show higher X‐ray sensitivity (1850 µC Gyair−1cm−2) at zero bias. This work reveals the interplay between crystalline orientation and X‐ray detection performance, opening new possibilities for developing low‐cost, low‐noise X‐ray detectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional methods of spatial interpolation, such as inverse distance weighting (IDW) and ordinary Kriging (OK), utilize geographic distance and specific assumptions to simplify the computation of geospatial data complexity. Nevertheless, these conventional approaches are not as practical in obtaining high-precision estimation because of the intricate nonlinear relationship between geographic distance and correlation weights. In this study, a novel spatial interpolation technique, named WFNNKM, is introduced, which integrates the K-nearest neighbor (KNN) mechanism with a neural network to address this challenge. Firstly, the Lebesgue integral is used for clustering, and KNN tuples are obtained by clustering. Secondly, the KNN training task is constructed for interpolation points, and the bias parameters of each point are obtained through training. Finally, the pre-training parameters of a neural network are modified through bias parameters of nearest neighbors to obtain accurate prediction attribute values. In comparison with two conventional methods and three neural network approaches across three soil sample datasets, the results demonstrate a notably superior performance of the suggested approach compared to the five interpolation methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the most common cause of acute viral hepatitis worldwide. In 2018–2022, we investigated the presence of HEV RNA in 1233 stool samples collected in the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau, including humans (16), Tibetan pigs (624), yaks (312), sheep (267), and dogs (14). HEV RNA was only detected in Tibetan pig faecal samples (18.27%, 114/624). To perform molecular characterization of HEV strains in Tibetan pigs, we obtained 21 complete HEV genome sequences between 2018 and 2022. Sequence comparisons showed that 21 HEV strains from Tibetan pigs shared the mean nucleotide identities with the reference HEV strains ranging between 82.9% and 94.9% and 89.3% and 92.1% similarities with human HEV strains. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that all HEV strains were genotype 4, closely related to human HEV strains. Sequence recombinant analysis showed five potential recombinant strains identified in this study, of which SWU/D18/2018 (GenBank No. MK410044) was recombinant with human and swine HEV strains, located 6509–6878 nt from the recombination point. Based on the Bayesian evolutionary trees, we found that most HEV strains diverged later than human HEV (16 Tibetan pig HEV strains diverged later than 1979, and seven human HEV strains diverged earlier than 1979). Therefore, we speculated that the prevalence of HEV 4 in Tibetan pigs possibly originated from humans in the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bayesian decision theory suggests that optimal decision-making should use and weigh prior beliefs with current information, according to their relative uncertainties. However, some characteristics of borderline personality disorder (BPD) patients, such as fast, drastic changes in the overall perception of themselves and others, suggest they may be underrelying on priors. Here, we investigated if BPD patients have a general deficit in relying on or combining prior with current information. We analyzed this by having BPD patients (n = 23) and healthy controls (n = 18) perform a coin-catching sensorimotor task with varying levels of prior and current information uncertainty. Our results indicate that BPD patients learned and used prior information and combined it with current information in a qualitatively Bayesian-like way. Our results show that, at least in a lower-level, nonsocial sensorimotor task, BPD patients can appropriately use both prior and current information, illustrating that potential deficits using priors may not be widespread or domain-general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Streptococcus thermophilus is an important strain widely used in dairy fermentation, with distinct urea metabolism characteristics compared to other lactic acid bacteria. The conversion of urea by S. thermophilus has been shown to affect the flavor and acidification characteristics of milk. Additionally, urea metabolism has been found to significantly increase the number of cells and reduce cell damage under acidic pH conditions, resulting in higher activity. However, the physiological role of urea metabolism in S. thermophilus has not been fully evaluated. A deep understanding of this metabolic feature is of great significance for its production and application. Genome‐scale metabolic network models (GEMs) are effective tools for investigating the metabolic network of organisms using computational biology methods. Constructing an organism‐specific GEM can assist us in comprehending its characteristic metabolism at a systemic level. RESULTS: In the present study, we reconstructed a high‐quality GEM of S. thermophilus S‐3 (iCH492), which contains 492 genes, 608 metabolites and 642 reactions. Growth phenotyping experiments were employed to validate the model both qualitatively and quantitatively, yielding satisfactory predictive accuracy (95.83%), sensitivity (93.33%) and specificity (100%). Subsequently, a systematic evaluation of urea metabolism in S. thermophilus was performed using iCH492. The results showed that urea metabolism reduces intracellular hydrogen ions and creates membrane potential by producing and transporting ammonium ions. This activation of glycolytic fluxes and ATP synthase produces more ATP for biomass synthesis. The regulation of fluxes of reactions involving NAD(P)H by urea metabolism improves redox balance. CONCLUSION: Model iCH492 represents the most comprehensive knowledge‐base of S. thermophilus to date, serving as a potent tool. The evaluation of urea metabolism led to novel insights regarding the role of urease. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the new injection molding device was designed to simulate the process of squeeze-casting. The effect of different Y additions on the compressive properties and corrosion resistance of AZ91D-1.6 Ca alloy was studied. The results proved that the addition of Y further refined the microstructure of the alloy. At the same time, with the addition of Y, the new Al2Y phase appeared in the microstructure. The compressive strength of the alloy increases first and then decreases with the addition of Y, and the maximum compressive strength of 372 MPa was obtained when Y content reaches 1.2 wt%. The corrosion resistance of the alloy was improved after adding the appropriate amount of Y. In general, the mechanical properties of the samples prepared by injection molding are equivalent to those of squeeze-casting samples, which can effectively simulate the squeeze-casting process in the laboratory environment for alloy design. Adding an appropriate amount of Y element can improve the alloy. At the same time, it shows that the combined addition of Ca and Y can improve the compression property and corrosion resistance of the material within a certain composition range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a magnesium alloy injection molding device was designed based on the principle of indirect squeeze casting. The alloy system of Mg–Zn–Mn–Y was manufactured using the injection molding technology. The injection molding samples exhibit a significantly refined microstructure compared to gravity casting samples. Furthermore, the compressibility of the injection molding samples displays notable improvement over gravity casting samples. In addition, the compressive strength increases gradually with higher Y content. However, the thermal conductivity continuously declines after adding Y, and the thermal conductivity of the injection sample is lower than that of the gravity casting sample. Additionally, the T6 treatment leads to further improvements in both the compressibility and thermal conductivity of the alloy. Overall, the experiment successfully designed a magnesium alloy system with high strength and thermal conductivity. Moreover, the injection molding device has proved effective in improving compression performance and rapidly designing new alloy compositions in a laboratory setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Our study aimed to elucidate the possible relationship between endogenous circulating testosterone and the beginning and development of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in postmenopausal women. Patients and methods: The clinical data of female patients with SUI who underwent surgery at our hospital from January 2014 to February 2023 and healthy female volunteers recruited during the same period were retrospectively analyzed according to age and body mass index (BMI). Venous blood samples were taken from all subjects, and levels of estradiol, luteinizing hormone, prolactin, follicle-stimulating hormone, progesterone, and testosterone were measured by radioimmunoassay. After adjusting for age, BMI, hypertension, mode of delivery, hysterectomy, and profession, multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between SUI and serum testosterone levels in postmenopausal women. Results: Serum testosterone levels were significantly lower in women with SUI than in healthy control women (0.92 ± 0.67 vs. 1.28 ± 1.10; P < 0.05). Further comparison of testosterone levels between postmenopausal SUI women and healthy postmenopausal women in postmenopausal subjects revealed that testosterone levels were significantly lower in postmenopausal SUI women than in healthy postmenopausal women (0.84 ± 0.64 vs. 1.23 ± 1.10; P < 0.05). This difference in testosterone levels remained significant after controlling for age, BMI, hypertension, mode of delivery, hysterectomy, and profession in postmenopausal women. Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate that low levels of serum testosterone are associated with an increased likelihood of stress urinary incontinence in women. Low serum testosterone levels may be a risk factor for SUI in postmenopausal women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integral Reinforcement learning (IRL) can optimize control systems through a stable training process without analytical models. However, when online machine learning is applied to industry, the safety constraints of physical processes cannot be violated. To address the safety problem, this paper proposes a safe online IRL scheme for control systems under the control output saturation via controller decomposition. The proposed scheme decomposes a controller into several sub-controllers in which the saturation range is divided into small portions to constrain the learning error of individual sub-controllers, thereby confining the system state within the safety region. To reduce conservatism, a training procedure is proposed for the scheme, which trains the sub-controllers one by one in a loop until all of them are optimal. Theoretical analysis results indicate the proposed scheme can ensure safety under the suggested division of the controller without any performance degradation. The simulation of two cases verifies the safety of the proposed scheme under random initial parameters for learning. Additionally, the proposed scheme is compared with several existing safe reinforcement learning methods, and the results illustrate the advantages of the proposed scheme in ensuring the safety and mitigating the fluctuation of state curves during learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because of its dynamic reversible nature and simple regulation properties, rotaxane systems provided a good route for the construction of responsive supramolecular chiral materials. Here, we covalently encapsulate the photo‐responsive guest molecule azobenzene (Azo) in a chiral macrocycle β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) to prepare self‐locked chiral [1]rotaxane [Azo‐CD]. On this basis, the self‐adaptive conformation of [Azo‐CD] was manipulated by solvent and photoirradiation; meanwhile, dual orthogonal regulation of the [1]rotaxane chiroptical switching could also be realized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Objective: To explore the neurobiological effects of terahertz (THz) radiation on zebrafish larvae using calcium (Ca2+) imaging technology. (2) Methods: Zebrafish larvae at 7 days post fertilization (dpf) were exposed to THz radiation for 10 or 20 min; the frequency was 2.52 THz and the amplitude 50 mW/cm2. The behavioral experiments, neural Ca2+ imaging, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) of the dopamine-related genes were conducted following the irradiation. (3) Results: Compared with the control group, the behavioral experiments demonstrated that THz radiation significantly increased the distance travelled and speed of zebrafish larvae. In addition, the maximum acceleration and motion frequency were elevated in the 20 min radiation group. The neural Ca2+ imaging results indicated a substantial increase in zebrafish neuronal activity. qPCR experiments revealed a significant upregulation of dopamine-related genes, such as drd2b, drd4a, slc6a3 and th. (4) Conclusion: THz radiation (2.52 THz, 50 mW/cm2, 20 min) upregulated dopamine-related genes and significantly enhanced neuronal excitability, and the neurobiological effect of THz radiation can be visualized using neural Ca2+ imaging in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial processing of kelp generates large amounts of kelp-soaking wastewater (KSW), which contains a large amount of nutrient-containing substances. The plant growth-promoting effect might be further improved by combined application of growth-promoting bacteria and the nutrient-containing KSW. Here, a greenhouse experiment was conducted to determine the effect of the mixture of KSW and Bacillus methylotrophicus M4-1 (MS) vs. KSW alone (SE) on wheat seedlings, soil properties and the microbial community structure in wheat rhizosphere soil. The available potassium, available nitrogen, organic matter content and urease activity of MS soil as well as the available potassium of the SE soil were significantly different (p < 0.05) from those of the CK with water only added, increased by 39.51%, 36.25%, 41.61%, 80.56% and 32.99%, respectively. The dry and fresh weight of wheat seedlings from MS plants increased by 166.17% and 50.62%, respectively, while plant height increased by 16.99%, compared with CK. Moreover, the abundance and diversity of fungi in the wheat rhizosphere soil were significantly increased (p < 0.05), the relative abundance of Ascomycetes and Fusarium spp. decreased, while the relative abundance of Bacillus and Mortierella increased. Collectively, the combination of KSW and the plant growth-promoting strain M4-1 can promote wheat seedlings growth and improve the microecology of rhizosphere microorganisms, thereby solving the problems of resource waste and environmental pollution, ultimately turning waste into economic gain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy (NICT) has demonstrated impressive short-term efficacy, with over half of patients experiencing significant tumor shrinkage and achieving major pathological responses (MPR). These findings highlight the pressing need for further investigation into strategies for organ preservation and radiotherapy adjustments in patients who achieve MPR. Our objective was to utilize non-invasive and accessible clinical assessments to predict pathological response before surgery. By employing enhanced CT scans, esophagograms, and esophagoscopy before and after neoadjuvant treatment, we collected objective and quantitative parameters that reflected the dynamic shrinkage of tumors. Subsequently, we constructed prediction models for pathological response using multivariate logistic regression based on those dynamic parameters. These models accurately predicted pathologic complete response (pCR) (AUC 0.879) and MPR (AUC 0.912) of the primary tumor after neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy. This advancement may significantly aid informed decision-making in patient management. To develop accurate and accessible prediction methods for assessing pathologic response following NICT prior to surgery, we conducted a retrospective study including 137 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) who underwent surgery after two cycles of NICT between January 2019 and March 2022 at our center. We collected clinical parameters to evaluate the dynamic changes in the primary tumor. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the correlations between these parameters and the pathologic response of the primary tumor. Subsequently, we constructed prediction models for pCR and MPR using multivariate logistic regression. The MPR prediction Model 2 was internally validated using bootstrapping and externally validated using an independent cohort from our center. The univariate logistic analysis revealed significant differences in clinical parameters reflecting tumor regression among patients with varying pathologic responses. The clinical models based on these assessments demonstrated excellent predictive performance, with the training cohort achieving a C-index of 0.879 for pCR and 0.912 for MPR, while the testing cohort also achieved a C-index of 0.912 for MPR. Notably, the MPR prediction Model 2, with a threshold cut-off of 0.74, exhibited 92.7% specificity and greater than 70% sensitivity, indicating a low rate of underestimating residual tumors. In conclusion, our study demonstrated the high accuracy of clinical assessment-based models in pathologic response prediction, aiding in decision-making regarding organ preservation and radiotherapy adjustments after induction immunochemotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is indispensable to reveal the cellular nanostructure of the 2:17-type Sm-Co based magnets which act as the first choice for high-temperature magnet-associated devices. However, structural deficiencies could be introduced into the TEM specimen during the ion milling process, which would provide misleading information to understand the microstructure–property relationship of such magnets. In this work, we performed a comparative investigation of the microstructure and microchemistry between two TEM specimens prepared under different ion milling conditions in a model commercial magnet Sm13Gd12Co50Cu8.5Fe13Zr3.5 (wt.%). It is found that additional low-energy ion milling will preferably damage the 1:5H cell boundaries, while having no influence on the 2:17R cell phase. The structure of cell boundary transforms from hexagonal into face-centered-cubic. In addition, the elemental distribution within the damaged cell boundaries becomes discontinuous, segregating into Sm/Gd-rich and Fe/Co/Cu-rich portions. Our study suggested that in order to reveal the true microstructure of the Sm-Co based magnets, the TEM specimen should be carefully prepared to avoid structural damage and artificial deficiencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bifidobacteria are representative intestinal probiotics that have extremely high application value in the food and medical fields. However, the lack of molecular biology tools limits the research on functional genes and mechanisms of bifidobacteria. The application of an accurate and efficient CRISPR system to genome engineering can fill the gap in efficient genetic tools for bifidobacteria. In this study, CRISPR system of B. animalis AR668 was established, which successfully knocked out gene 0348 and gene 0208. The influence of different homology arms and fragments on the knockout effect of the system was explored. In addition, the inducible plasmid curing system of bifidobacteria was innovatively established. This study contributes to the genetic modification and functional mechanism analysis of bifidobacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Gallocatechin gallate (GCG), a catechin of tea polyphenols, possesses inhibitory ability against tyrosinase, but few studies have reported how common processing methods affect it. In this research, the influence of heating and ultrasound treatments on the inhibition of GCG against tyrosinase was explored by ultraviolet–visible absorption, fluorescence spectroscopy, high‐performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS: Both heating and ultrasound treatments of GCG alone improved GCG's inhibitory ability against tyrosinase compared with the untreated, and a combination of heating and ultrasound treatment (100 °C, 20 min + 630 W, 20 min) further decreased the relative tyrosinase activity to 26.8%. The treated GCG exhibited a stronger fluorescence quenching effect on tyrosinase, but did not have any influence on the static quenching mechanism. Compared to the untreated GCG, the binding constants of treated GCG by heating, ultrasound and their combination with tyrosinase significantly increased, but the number of binding sites was still approximately one and the main driving force of the treated GCG was still hydrophobic interaction. After treatments of heating, ultrasound and their combination, the composition of GCG solutions was changed. CONCLUSION: The enhanced inhibition of treated GCG on tyrosinase may be due to partial conversion of GCG into epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG) and gallic acid (GA), which may cooperate with GCG to better inhibit the enzyme activity. This study has provided some valuable information for the application of catechins against tyrosinase in food processing and cosmetic industry. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Demand fluctuations and uncertainty bring challenges to inventory management, and intermittent demand patterns increase the risk of inventory backlogs and raise inventory holding costs. In previous studies on inventory routing problems, different variants have been proposed to cope with complicated industrial scenarios. However, there are few studies on inventory routing problems with intermittent demand patterns. To solve this problem, we introduce a lateral transshipment strategy and build a single-product multi-period inventory routing mixed integer programming model to reduce customers' inventory backlogs, balance regional inventory, reduce inventory holding costs, and improve inventory management efficiency. Furthermore, we design an adaptive large-neighborhood search algorithm with new operators to improve the solving efficiency. The experimental results show that an appropriate transshipment price can reduce the share of distribution costs. Another finding is that higher-capacity vehicles lead to higher revenue. Our findings not only expand the scope of the IRP domain but also provide actionable management insights for business practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This retrospective cohort study aimed to compare the clinical and radiological outcomes between two treatment strategies focusing on non-osteoporotic AOSpine-type A3 fractures of the thoracolumbar spine with neurological deficits at levels T11 to L2. Methods: In total, 67 patients between 18 and 60 years of age who were treated operatively with either of the two treatment strategies were included. One treatment strategy included open posterior stabilization and decompression, whereas the other was based on percutaneous posterior stabilization and decompression via a tubular retraction system. Demographic data, surgical variables, and further parameters were assessed. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs), including the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) impairment score, were measured to assess functional outcomes. The regional Cobb angle (CA), the anterior height ratio of the fractured vertebrae (AHRV), and the degree of canal encroachment (DCE) were assessed. The ASIA score was used to assess neurological function recovery. The follow-up period was at least 12 months. Results: Surgical time and postoperative hospital stay were significantly shorter in the minimally invasive surgery (MIS) group. Intraoperative blood loss was significantly less in the MIS group. Regarding radiological outcome, CA and AHRV at the time of follow-up did not show a significant difference. DCE at the time of follow-up was significantly improved in the MIS group. Lower VAS scores and better ODIs were observed in the MIS group at the 6-month follow-up, but similar outcomes were observed at the 12-month follow-up. The ASIA score was similar between both groups at the 12-month follow-up. Conclusions: Both treatment strategies are safe and effective; however, MIS could provide earlier pain relief and better functional outcomes compared with OS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study purpose was to compare unilateral biportal endoscopic lumbar interbody fusion (ULIF) with minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF) for the treatment of lumbar degenerative diseases in terms of surgical trauma and short-to medium-term postoperative results. Forty-nine patients with lumbar degenerative diseases (25 underwent ULIF, 24 underwent MIS-TLIF) who were treated between May 2019 and October 2021, were included in this retrospective analysis. We compared the 2 groups' blood loss, serum C-reactive protein (CRP), visual analog scale (VAS) scores for low back and leg pain, and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) score and slip percentage (SP). The modified Macnab score was obtained at the last follow-up. On the postoperative day, the CRP levels (P < 0.05) were considerably lower in the ULIF group than those in the MIS-TLIF group. In addition, the ULIF group had significantly decreased intraoperative blood loss (P = 0.00) and postoperative blood loss (P = 0.00). After surgery, there was significant improvement in both groups in the VAS scores for low back and leg pain and in the ODI scores (P < 0.05). Two weeks after surgery, the ODI and VAS scores for low back pain of the ULIF group were considerably lower than those of the MIS-TLIF group (P < 0.05). The excellent and good rates of the Macnab criteria between the 2 groups were not significantly different at the last follow-up (P = 0.95). The ULIF technique can effectively treat short-segment lumbar degenerative diseases and is a feasible alternative to the traditional minimally invasive surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Pymetrozine is one of the most common insecticides used to control the rice pest Nilaparvata lugens in China. Because of its unique mechanism of action and the fact that there is no obvious lethal effect after pymetrozine treatment, it is unreasonable to determine the sensitivity of pymetrozine by only calculating the mortality rate. In the context of traditional bioassay methods, which do not reflect pymetrozine's control effect on the pest populations in the field, we established fecundity assay bioassay methods to monitor N. lugens' resistance level to pymetrozine, and systematically evaluated pymetrozine's effect on the fecundity of N. lugens. Treatment with pymetrozine significantly reduced the number of offspring in both N. lugens nymphs and adults. On the basis of the inhibition effects of pymetrozine on the reproductive behavior of N. lugens, we established a bioassay method to accurately evaluate the toxicity of pymetrozine in N. lugens and clarified the level of pymetrozine resistance of N. lugens in the field. In this study, pymetrozine's effects on the fecundity of N. lugens were evaluated using the topical application method and rice-seedling-dipping method. Moreover, the resistance of N. lugens to pymetrozine in a pymetrozine-resistant strain (Pym-R) and two field populations (YZ21 and QS21) was determined using the rice-seedling-dipping method and fecundity assay methods. The results showed that treatment of N. lugens third-instar nymphs with LC15, LC50, and LC85 doses of pymetrozine resulted in a significantly reduced fecundity of N. lugens. In addition, N. lugens adults treated with pymetrozine, using the rice-seedling-dipping and topical application method, also exhibited a significantly inhibited fecundity. Using the rice-stem-dipping method, pymetrozine resistance levels were shown to be high in Pym-R (194.6-fold), YZ21 (205.9-fold), and QS21 (212.8-fold), with LC50 values of 522.520 mg/L (Pym-R), 552.962 mg/L (YZ21), and 571.315 (QS21) mg/L. However, when using the rice-seedling-dipping or topical application fecundity assay method, Pym-R (EC50: 14.370 mg/L, RR = 12.4-fold; ED50: 0.560 ng/adult, RR = 10.8-fold), YZ21 (EC50: 12.890 mg/L, RR = 11.2-fold; ED50: 0.280 ng/adult; RR = 5.4-fold), and QS21 (EC50: 13.700 mg/L, RR = 11.9-fold) exhibited moderate or low levels of resistance to pymetrozine. Our studies show that pymetrozine can significantly inhibit the fecundity of N. lugens. The fecundity assay results showed that N. lugens only developed low to moderate levels of resistance to pymetrozine, indicating that pymetrozine can still achieve effective control on the next generation of N. lugens populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article considers a joint modeling framework for simultaneously examining the dynamic pattern of longitudinal and ultrahigh-dimensional images and their effects on the survival of interest. A functional mixed effects model is considered to describe the trajectories of longitudinal images. Then, a high-dimensional functional principal component analysis (HD-FPCA) is adopted to extract the principal eigenimages to reduce the ultrahigh dimensionality of imaging data. Finally, a Cox regression model is used to examine the effects of the longitudinal images and other risk factors on the hazard. A theoretical justification shows that a naive two-stage procedure that separately analyzes each part of the joint model produces biased estimation even if the longitudinal images have no measurement error. We develop a Bayesian joint estimation method coupled with efficient Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling schemes to perform statistical inference for the proposed joint model. A Monte Carlo dynamic prediction procedure is proposed to predict the future survival probabilities of subjects given their historical longitudinal images. The proposed model is assessed through extensive simulation studies and an application to Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, which turns out to hold the promise of accuracy and possess higher predictive capacity for survival outcome compared with existing methods. for this article are available online. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the effect of the temperature of quenching‐tempering and partitioning on the corrosion resistance of 6Cr13 martensitic stainless steel was investigated by immersion test and electrochemical test. The results show that tempering and partitioning can improve the stability of the retained austenite at room temperature. The volume fraction of austenite increases with the increase of the temperature of tempering and partitioning. From the results of the corrosion experiment, the corrosion resistance of 6Cr13 martensitic stainless steel first increases with the increase of heat treatment temperature. The best corrosion resistance is obtained at 400°C. Subsequently, the corrosion resistance decreased with the further increase in heat treatment temperature. The reason for the increase in corrosion resistance is that with the increase of heat treatment temperature, retained austenite's content gradually increases, enhancing the corrosion resistance. The decrease in corrosion resistance is related to the growth of retained austenite and carbide at high temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the changes in quantity and cost of bank loans after a private placement of common stocks by A-share listed companies in China from 2011 to 2021. This research is derived from the signaling theory and is based on a difference-in-difference design. Through propensity score matching, the sample comprises companies that placed equity privately in the experiment group and companies that did not place equity privately in the control group. We find evidence that the increase in bank loans slowed down, and the cost of bank loans increased after the private placement. The signaling effect of private placements is robust to various additional tests. Further analysis indicates that when state-owned enterprises place equity privately, their access to bank loans is not affected. When institutional investors participate in the private placement, the company's access to bank credit does not go through significant changes. In addition, private placements by companies located in regions with higher levels of marketization of the financial market do not reduce the cost of bank loans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let D = (V (D) , A (D)) be a finite, simple digraph and k a positive integer. A function f : V (D) → { 0 , 1 , 2 , ... , k + 1 } is called a [ k ] -Roman dominating function (for short, [ k ] -RDF) if f (A N − [ v ]) ≥ | A N − (v) | + k for any vertex v ∈ V (D) , where A N − (v) = { u ∈ N − (v) : f (u) ≥ 1 } and A N − [ v ] = A N − (v) ∪ { v } . The weight of a [ k ] -RDF f is ω (f) = ∑ v ∈ V (D) f (v) . The minimum weight of any [ k ] -RDF on D is the [ k ] -Roman domination number, denoted by γ [ k R ] (D) . For k = 2 and k = 3 , we call them the double Roman domination number and the triple Roman domination number, respectively. In this paper, we presented some general bounds and the Nordhaus–Gaddum bound on the [ k ] -Roman domination number and we also determined the bounds on the [ k ] -Roman domination number related to other domination parameters, such as domination number and signed domination number. Additionally, we give the exact values of γ [ k R ] (P n) and γ [ k R ] (C n) for the directed path P n and directed cycle C n . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Probiotic lactic acid bacterium Lactiplantibacillus plantarum is widely used in the dairy and other fermented food industries. L. plantarum AR113 harbors a C30 carotenoid operon crtNM based on genomic analysis, but the yield of C30 carotenoid is only 8.1 μg g‐1 DCW. RESULTS: To improve the productivity of C30 carotenoid, crtNM from L. plantarum AR113 was cloned and reconstructed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). The proteins crtN and crtM were successfully expressed based on a sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) analysis, and the carotenoid was detected using high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS). In comparison with the constitutive promoter P44, the use of the inducible T7 promoter significantly increased the carotenoid content in E. coli. The fermentation conditions were also optimized with induction by 0.5 mmol/L IPTG at 20 °C for 7 h. The yield of C30 carotenoid reached 154.5 μg g‐1 DCW, which was 18‐fold higher than that of L. plantarum AR113. The 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picryl (DPPH) and 2,2′‐azino‐bis (3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging capacity of C30 carotenoids synthesized by heterologous expression in E. coli was also higher than that of the antioxidant food additive butylated hydroxytoluene. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that E. coli has strong potential as a basic chassis for the production of C30 carotenoids from Lactiplantibacillus with high antioxidant activity. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The severe aggregation property of the small molecule electron‐transporting layer (ETL) not only deteriorates the photovoltaic performance and operational reliability but also constrains its compatibility with large‐scale coating techniques. Herein, by applying N,N′‐Bis{3‐[3‐(Dimethylamino)propylamino]propyl}perylene‐3,4,9,10‐tetracarboxylic diimide (PDINN) (a well‐known ETL) as a demo, a solvent‐induced anti‐aggregation (SIAA) strategy is proposed to cope with these hurdles via the mixing of ethanol and trifluoroethanol solvents at an optimal volume ratio. In situ photoluminescence and dynamic light scattering synergistically reveals the suppressed aggregation behavior of the SIAA‐treated PDINN dispersion during the film‐forming process. Owing to this amendment, the film quality and electron‐transport capability of the PDINN layer are remarkably enhanced. In consequence, based on the PM6:L8‐BO system, a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.0% together with an impressive fill factor of 80.6% is harvested. A 1 cm2 device with an excellent PCE of 16.6% is also fabricated using the doctor‐blading SIAA‐treated PDINN ink. More strikingly, this SIAA treatment impels better reliability under long‐term shelf‐lifetime and thermal stress periods. This work provides a promising and tractable approach to address the inherent self‐aggregation issue of electron‐transporting materials, which is beneficial for the development of efficient and stable organic optoelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

GRB 220426A is a bright gamma-ray burst (GRB) dominated by the photospheric emission. We perform several tests to speculate the origin of this photospheric emission. The dimensionless entropy η is large, which is not usual if we assume that it is a pure hot fireball launched by neutrino–antineutrino annihilation mechanism only. Moreover, the outflow has larger η with lower luminosity L in the first few seconds, so that the trend of time-resolved η − L can not be described as a monotonically positive correlation between η and L. A hybrid outflow with almost completely thermalized Poynting flux could account for the quasi-thermal spectrum as well as large η. More importantly, the existence of magnetic field could affect the proton density and neutron–proton coupling effect, so that it could account for the observed trend of time-resolved η − L. The other origins for the photospheric emission, such as non-dissipative hybrid outflow or magnetic reconnection, are not supported because their radiation efficiencies are low, which is not consistent with non-detection of the afterglow for GRB 220426A. Therefore, we think the hybrid outflow may be the most likely origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study the antioxidant and immune protection activity of velvet antler (VA) in cyclophosphamide-induced immunocompromised mice, BALB/c mice were intragastrically administered 100, 300, or 500 mg/(kg·d) VA for 30 days, and were intraabdominally injected with cyclophosphamide to create a hypoimmune murine model. Cellular immunity, macrophage phagocytic activity, natural killer (NK) cell activity, white blood cell count, splenic lymphocyte subsets and the mRNA expression levels of serum cytokines were analysed. We found that the IC50 for removing 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), OH, and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals of VA were 0.476, 4.33, and 37.92 mg/mL, respectively. VA could enhance innate and adaptive immunity of mice by improving cellular immunity, macrophage phagocytic ability, and NK cell activity; promoting the production of IL-4, IFN-γ, TNF-α and other cytokines; increasing the content and ratio of lymphocyte subsets. These results indicate that VA has good antioxidant activity and can improve the immune function of cyclophosphamide-induced immunodeficient mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Waterborne polyurethane (WPU) prepolymer with acrylate terminal was prepared by using hydroxyethyl acrylate as an end-capping agent. Modified gelatin (mGH) was prepared by grafting vinyl groups which were obtained from hydrolysis and condensation of vinyl trimethoxysilane onto the renewable natural polymer material cold-water fish skin gelatin. Due to the excellent biodegradability and mechanical properties of cold-water fish skin gelatin, mGH was introduced into the WPU backbone by covalent bonding to improve WPU comprehensive property. The vinyl groups in mGH and the acrylate ends in the WPU prepolymer were connected by UV curing to prepare biodegradable and renewable mGH/WPU chemical hybrid materials. The test results showed that the film-forming properties, the water resistance and thermal stability of WPU were improved by covalent bonding. Water contact angle increased from79.6° to 96.5°, and the maximum thermal degradation rate temperature increased from 340 to 400 °C. In addition, incorporation of mGH with high modulus improved the moduli and yield strength of WPU, in which the yield strength increased from 11.3 to 18.2 MPa. The degradation performance of mGH/WPU chemical hybrid materials was also evaluated that the degradation rate reached 68% in 0.6% lipase PBS solution and 56% in soil after 60 days. The study provides a novel polymerization method for preparing high biodegradable decorative coatings and prints of specialty metals, polymer plastics and certain types of woodware as well as medical scaffold materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the continuous development of earth observation technology, space-based synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has become an important source of information for maritime surveillance, and ship classification in SAR images has also become a hot research direction in the field of maritime ship monitoring. In recent years, the remote sensing community has proposed several solutions to the problem of ship object classification in SAR images. However, it is difficult to obtain an adequate amount of labeled SAR samples for training classifiers, which limits the application of machine learning, particularly deep learning methods, in SAR image ship object classification. In contrast, as a real-time automatic tracking system for monitoring ships at sea, a ship automatic identification system (AIS) can provide a large amount of relatively easy-to-obtain labeled ship samples. Therefore, to solve the problem of SAR image ship classification and improve the classification performance of learning models with limited samples, we proposed a SAR image ship classification method based on multiple classifiers ensemble learning (MCEL) and AIS data transfer learning. The core idea of our method is to transfer the MCEL model trained on AIS data to SAR image ship classification, which mainly includes three steps: first, we use the acquired global space-based AIS data to build a dataset for ship object classification models training; then, the ensemble learning model is constructed by combining multiple base classifiers; and finally, the trained classification model is transferred to SAR images for ship type prediction. Experiments show that the proposed method achieves a classification accuracy of 85.00% for the SAR ship classification, which is better than the performance of each base classifier. This proves that AIS data transfer learning can effectively solve the problem of SAR ship classification with limited samples, and has important application value in maritime surveillance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deep learning has gradually appeared in the field of teacher education research and is considered as an effective way to promote teacher professional development. To explore the relationship between teacher gender and deep learning strategies, as well as the mediating role of teachers' deep learning motivation, we conducted a questionnaire survey in this study on 429 valid teachers of different genders, ages and backgrounds. The results show that male teachers are more likely to adopt deep learning strategies and deep learning motivations than female teachers. Deep learning motivation is positively correlated with deep learning strategy while negatively correlated with superficial learning strategy. It can be seen that deep learning motivation plays a mediating role between teacher gender and deep learning strategies. These findings expand the understanding of teachers' learning and indicate that in professional development programs, we should pay more attention to the deep learning of female teachers, to help female teachers improve their deep learning motivation and deep learning strategies. Highlights: Teacher's deep learning motivation (DM) can positively predict the deep learning strategy (DS). Teacher's DM plays a mediating role between gender and DS. Male teachers have higher levels of DM and DS than female teachers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the establishment of satellite constellations equipped with ship automatic identification system (AIS) receivers, the amount of AIS data is continuously increasing, and AIS data have become an important part of ocean big data. To further improve the ability to use AIS data for maritime surveillance, it is necessary to explore a ship classification and anomaly detection method suitable for spaceborne AIS data. Therefore, this paper proposes a ship classification and anomaly detection method based on machine learning that considers ship behavior characteristics for spaceborne AIS data. In view of the characteristics of different types of ships, this paper introduces the extraction and analysis of ship behavior characteristics in addition to traditional geometric features and discusses the ability of the proposed method for ship classification and anomaly detection. The experimental results show that the classification accuracy of the five types of ships can reach 92.70%, and the system can achieve better results in the other classification evaluation metrics by considering the ship behavior characteristics. In addition, this method can accurately detect anomalous ships, which further proves the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the rapid development of the digital industry, the international use of XBRL as a computer language for the exchange of corporate financial data is of great significance in promoting the standardization of financial data. This paper provides an in-depth study and quantitative measurement of the applicability of the Chinese XBRL common taxonomy elements in enterprises, examining the interoperability of the elements between enterprises and the possible absence and ambiguity of the elements. The research study shows significant differences between the elements of XBRL defined in the general classification standard and the elements used in financial reports of listed companies in China. Furthermore, the quantitative interoperability model results show significant differences in the interoperability of elements between companies in the same industry and the same category of industries. Therefore, updates to the Chinese XBRL taxonomy should start from the underlying logic of accounting and improve the process of calling the elements in the accounting process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Manganese dioxide (MnO2) has been widely used in the field of energy storage due to its high specific capacitance, low cost, natural abundance, and being environmentally friendly. However, suffering from poor electrical conductivity and high dissolvability, the performance of MnO2 can no longer meet the needs of rapidly growing technological development, especially for the application as electrode material in metal‐ion batteries and supercapacitors. In this review, recent studies on the development of binary or multiple MnO2‐based composites with conductive components for energy storage are summarized. Firstly, general preparing methods for MnO2‐based composites are introduced. Subsequently, the binary and multiple MnO2‐based composites with carbon, conducting polymer, and other conductive materials are discussed respectively. The improvement in their performance is summarized as well. Finally, perspectives on the practical applications of MnO2‐based composites are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The production of nitrogen oxides (NOx) in coal-fired boiler combustion has been found as a significant source of environmental pollution. Flue gas denitrification is a standard NOx control technology for small- and medium-sized coal-fired boilers. Achieving steady-state control in flue gas denitrification can be challenging since coal-fired boiler systems have complexity and significant delay. A model based on a learning-based K-nearest neighbor (KNN) query mechanism created for NOx output soft prediction is proposed in this study. First, a knowledge base in the proposed model is established through spatial division in accordance with the previous combustion parameters. Moreover, the clusters are established based on the output NOx values. Next, the domain of values of combustion parameters for the respective cluster is obtained. Second, the optimal cluster is selected using the knowledge base for an input vector q with new combustion parameters ( q 1 , q 2 , ... , q n). Lastly, the K tuples in the cluster the closest to the values of the input vector q are adopted to predict the output NOx value of q. The predicted NOx value can serve as a feedforward signal to control the output of the reductant for accurate denitrification. As revealed by the experimental results, the proposed practical model, capable of conducting the prediction in a sub-second time, is highly competitive with existing techniques. Furthermore, a deep learning algorithm (DLA) is designed, whereas it underperforms the KNN model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium garnet oxides with 6.5 mol Li, such as Li 6.5 La 3 Zr 1.5 (Ta/Nb) 0.5 O 12 , typically crystallise in cubic structure and exhibit excellent room-temperature ionic conductivity close to 1 mS cm−1. However, it is challenging to densify garnet oxides. In this work, we investigated how the co-doping of tantalum (Ta) and niobium (Nb) affects the densification of pressureless sintered garnet electrolytes with compositions of Li 6.5 La 3 Zr 1.5 Ta (0.5−x) Nb x O 12 , where x = 0–0.5. The highest densification (94.5% of relative density) was achieved in Li 6.5 La 3 Zr 1.5 Ta 0.1 Nb 0.4 O 12 (TN-LLZO) when it was sintered at 1150 °C for 6 h. This TN-LLZO garnet electrolyte delivers an ionic conductivity of 1.04 × 10−3 S cm−1 (at 22 °C) with a low activation energy of 0.41 eV. Our findings demonstrate that the content of dopants (Ta and Nb) plays a critical role in enhancing the sintering performance of garnet ceramics at ambient pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It remains a formidable challenge to realize thermo‐rulable circularly polarized luminescence (CPL). Herein, we propose a new strategy by covalently "potting" the emitter into a flexible chiral macrocycle as an adaptive chiral [1]rotaxane to address this issue. Different from its included analogue, the potted emitter [DS] showed adaptive conformers with tunable CPL in varied solvents. Significantly, upon controlled self‐assembly, [DS] formed a channel‐type nanoarchitecture ([DS]A), which exhibited an extraordinary thermo‐rulable CPL between 25–100 °C. Impressively, the glum was large as 0.024 at 25 °C, which was amplified to 0.040 at 90 °C with a decrease of QY (from 92 % to 80 %). By comparison, the assemblies of cage‐type [DS]B and the unpotted emitter showed irreversible or unanswered thermal behaviors. The work demonstrated the thermo‐rulable and durable CPL for the first time and provided an insightful understanding of thermal effect on high‐temperature and switchable CPL materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It remains a formidable challenge to realize thermo‐rulable circularly polarized luminescence (CPL). Herein, we propose a new strategy by covalently "potting" the emitter into a flexible chiral macrocycle as an adaptive chiral [1]rotaxane to address this issue. Different from its included analogue, the potted emitter [DS] showed adaptive conformers with tunable CPL in varied solvents. Significantly, upon controlled self‐assembly, [DS] formed a channel‐type nanoarchitecture ([DS]A), which exhibited an extraordinary thermo‐rulable CPL between 25–100 °C. Impressively, the glum was large as 0.024 at 25 °C, which was amplified to 0.040 at 90 °C with a decrease of QY (from 92 % to 80 %). By comparison, the assemblies of cage‐type [DS]B and the unpotted emitter showed irreversible or unanswered thermal behaviors. The work demonstrated the thermo‐rulable and durable CPL for the first time and provided an insightful understanding of thermal effect on high‐temperature and switchable CPL materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lactobacillus salivarius AR809 was isolated from a healthy adult oral cavity with multiple probiotic properties, such as high antimicrobial activity, adhesion to the oral epithelium, resistance to acidic pH, bile, lysozyme, and H2O2. In this study, to investigate the genetic basis on probiotic potential and identify the functional genes in the strain, the complete genome of strain AR809 was sequenced by Illumina and PacBio platforms. Then comparative genome analysis on 11 strains of Lactobacillus salivarius was performed. The complete genome of AR809 consisted of a circular 1,747,224 bp chromosome with 33.00% GC content and four circular plasmids [pA (247,948 bp), pB (27,292 bp), pC (3349 bp), and pD (2898 bp), respectively]. From among the 1866 protein-coding genes, 130 carbohydrate metabolism-related genes, 18 bacteriocin biosynthesis-related genes, 74 environmental stress-related genes, and a series of adhesion-related genes were identified via clusters of orthologous genes, Koyto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, and carbohydrate-active enzymes annotation. The comparative genome analysis indicated that genomic homology between AR809 and CICC23174 was the highest. In conclusion, the present work provided valuable insights into the gene’s function prediction and understanding the genetic basis on adapting to host oropharyngeal-gastrointestinal tract in strain AR809. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Streptococcus thermophilus is a major starter used in the dairy industry and it could improve the flavor of fermented products. It is necessary to improve biomass of S. thermophilus for its application and industrialization. The utilization of carbon sources directly affects the biomass of S. thermophilus. Therefore, the carbohydrate metabolism of S. thermophilus should be investigated. RESULTS: In the present study, metabolic parameters and gene expression of S. thermophilus S‐3 with different carbon sources were investigated. The physicochemical results showed that S. thermophilus S‐3 had high lactose utilization. Transcriptome analysis found that approximately 104 genes were annotated onto 15 carbohydrate metabolic pathways, of which 15 unigenes were involved in the phosphotransferase system and 75 were involved in the ATP‐binding cassette transporter system. In addition, 171 differentially expressed genes related to carbohydrate metabolism were identified. Expression of the galactose metabolism genes lacSZ and galKTEM increased significantly from the lag phase to the mid‐exponential growth phase as a result of the global regulator protein, catabolite control protein A (CcpA). The high expression of galK in the mid‐ to late‐ phases indicated that the metabolite galactose is re‐transported for intracellular utilization. CcpA regulation may also induce high expressions of glycolytic pathway regulated‐genes related to lactose utilization, including ldh, fba, eno, pfkA, bglA, pgi, pgm and pyk, producing optimal glycolytic flux and S. thermophilus S‐3 growth. CONCLUSION: The present study provides new insights into the carbon metabolism regulation and provide theoretical support for high‐density fermentation of S. thermophilus S‐3. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Nodal metastasis and late neck recurrence are uncommon in SNACC. • Lymph node metastasis was an independent predictor of PFS but did not impact OS. • No survival advantage for cN0 patients who underwent PNI compared with those who did not. • PNI is not necessary for cN0 patients unless there is clinical suspicion. To study the prevalence of nodal metastases in sinonasal adenoid cystic carcinoma (SNACC) and to evaluate whether prophylactic neck irradiation (PNI) should be performed in patients with clinical N0 (cN0) disease. Between April 1992 and November 2020, 166 patients with SNACC who had undergone radiotherapy at our department were retrospectively analyzed. The median follow-up time was 71.3 months. Among 166 cases of SNACC, a total of 13 (7.8%) had retropharyngeal or cervical nodal metastasis and 93% (12/13) cases occurred in patients with advanced T stage (T3-T4). Levels VIIa, Ib, and IIa were the most common sites of initial nodal involvement. Only 1.2% (2/166) of patients presented late neck recurrence. Lymph node metastasis independently predicted a poor progression-free survival (PFS) (P = 0.017) but had no impact on overall survival (OS) (P = 0.38). PNI was performed on 36% (55/153) of cN0 patients. The OS (P = 0.42), PFS (P = 0.59), nodal recurrence-free survival (NRFS) (P = 0.46) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) (P = 0.63) rates showed no significant difference between cases with and without PNI. Furthermore, cN0 patients with T4b (P = 0.53; P = 0.61), tumor origin from maxillary sinus (P = 0.55; P = 0.53) or nasopharynx involvement (P = 0.56; P = 0.60) showed no extended OS or PFS associated with PNI. Regardless of the T stage or the site of origin, prophylactic neck irradiation (PNI) for cN0 patients did not provide any benefit on OS and PFS, suggesting that its application on such patients is not warranted unless there is clinical suspicion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CH 3 COOH oxidation is the rate-determining step in the oxidation process of C 2 H 5 OH and CH 3 CHO. The generation of sulfuric acid consumes the active metal component Mn3+/Mn2+ on the Mn-HTLCs surface of Mn-HTLCs, resulting in catalyst deactivation. [Display omitted] • The adsorption strength order was CH 3 CHO-O > C 4 H 10 S-Mn > C 2 H 5 OH-Mg. • Mg–O–H...O-C, O...O=C, and Mn–O–H...S–C promoted the adsorption process. • Mn3+/Mn2+ and oxygen defects contribute to the active sites. • CH 3 COOH oxidation determines the oxidation process of C 2 H 5 OH and CH 3 CHO. • Free O atoms, O 2, and ·HO 2 promote the oxidation removal of VOCs. The biological fermentation industry faces a challenge in simultaneously purifying complex sulfur-containing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and reducing tail gas emissions. This is due to the multi-step purification process required for sulfur-containing VOCs and the high energy usage involved. The adsorption performance and controllability of elements in hydrotalcite-like compounds are noteworthy and have the potential to enhance the catalytic purification of sulfur-containing VOCs. This study utilizes Mn-based hydrotalcite-like compounds as a highly efficient catalyst for the simultaneous catalytic removal of complex sulfur-containing VOCs such as ethanol (C 2 H 5 OH), acetaldehyde (CH 3 CHO), and diethyl sulfide (C 4 H 10 S). The study successfully achieves the simultaneous and efficient removal of sulfur-containing VOCs at a temperature of 325 °C. The removal rates of three types of gas pollutants can reach 100 % for 420 min, 450 min, and 360 min, respectively. Meanwhile, the VOCs breakthrough capacity is 426 mg/g. The competitive adsorption effect, adsorption sites, and reaction mechanism were investigated using experimental and theoretical calculation methods. The simultaneous adsorption of three gases resulted in competitive adsorption, with the priority order of adsorption being CH 3 CHO > C 4 H 10 S > C 2 H 5 OH. The various adsorption effects were attributed to the formation of Mg–O–H...O-C, O...O=C, and Mn–O–H...S-C, respectively. CH 3 CHO was initially adsorbed at the O-Top site, while C 4 H 10 S was adsorbed at the Mn-Top site. C 2 H 5 OH was adsorbed at the Mg-Top site. High-temperatures promote the oxidation of elemental S to sulfate. The primary reason for catalyst deactivation is the buildup and coating of sulfate on the surface of the catalyst. The main active sites responsible for the catalytic oxidation of C 4 H 10 S were Mn2+ and Mn3+. The oxygen defects act as active sites for the oxidation of C 2 H 5 OH and CH 3 CHO. C 2 H 5 OH undergoes gradual oxidation to form CH 3 CHO and CH 3 COOH (acetic acid), which are further oxidized to CO 2 and H 2 O. C 4 H 10 S was oxidized to elemental S and eventually to sulfate. The experimental results in this work are consistent with the theoretical results, providing a theoretical basis for the simultaneous catalytic removal of sulfur-containing VOCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]