Search

Delamination is one of the failure modes of functionally graded materials (FGM), resulting in the critical change of vibration characteristics. The Chebyshev polynomials are commonly used as admissible functions to improve the computational efficiency of numerical algorithms and avoid the occurrence of ill-conditioned problems. This paper extends the Chebyshev–Ritz method to the free vibration analysis of delaminated FGM plates, in which the material variation through the plate thickness follows the exponential-law distribution. A plane crack that is considered to be perpendicular to the thickness direction penetrates through the width direction. Based on the region approach, the analysis of FGM plates with a mid-plane delamination is divided into four sub-regions. The kinetic energy and potential energy of each sub-region are derived by the thin plate theory and von Kármán nonlinear strain–displacement relation. The modal functions of the displacement fields of FGM plates can be constructed in accordance with the displacement continuity conditions of the delamination interface and the boundary conditions of such plates. The effects of asymmetric material distribution, delamination length ratio, Young's modulus ratio, and boundary support on the vibration behavior of FGM plates are investigated. This semi-analytical study provides a reasonable theoretical basis for the behavior prediction and delamination identification of composite structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bi12TiO20nanostructures were prepared in an ionic liquid (1-methyl-3-butyl imidazole bromide, [BMIM]Br)–water solvent mixture through a hydrothermal process. The effect of ionic liquid on the morphology, optical and photocatalytic properties of the products was investigated. By slightly adjusting the amount of [BMIM]Br, Bi12TiO20nanoparticles, nanorods and raft-like ones with different crystallinities, surface areas and bandgap energies could be obtained. In these three kinds of morphologies, Bi12TiO20nanorods with average diameter of 20–30 nm and length of 100–270 nm demonstrate the highest photocatalytic performance for its degradation of methylene orange under visible-light irradiation. The results suggest that the presence of ionic liquid in the synthetic system plays a key role in tuning the phase composition, the shape, size and purity of Bi12TiO20powders, and hence affects their morphology-associated optical adsorption ability and photocatalytic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fertilizer application can play an important role in soil organic carbon (SOC) retention and dynamics. The mechanisms underlying long-term accumulation and protection of SOC in intensive maize cropping systems, however, have not been well documented for cool high-latitude rainfed areas. Based on a 23-year fertilization experiment under a continuous maize cropping system at Gongzhuling, Jilin Province, China, the effects of fertilization regimes on SOC content and soil aggregate-associated carbon (C) composition were investigated. Results showed that, within the 0–1·0 m soil profile, SOC contents decreased significantly with soil depth in all treatments. In the topsoil layer (0–0·2 m), SOC concentrations in balanced inorganic fertilizers plus farmyard manure (MNPK), fallow system (FAL) and balanced inorganic fertilizers plus maize straw residue (SNPK) treatments were significantly greater than initial levels by 61·0, 34·1 and 20·1%, respectively. The MNPK and SNPK treatments increased SOC content by 50·7 and 12·4% compared to the unfertilized control in the topsoil layer, whereas no significant differences were found between balanced inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers (NPK) and the unfertilized control treatment. There were no significant differences in aggregate-size distribution among the unfertilized control, NPK and MNPK treatments, whereas the SNPK treatment significantly enhanced the formation of micro-aggregates (53–250 μm) and decreased the formation of silt+clay aggregates (<53 μm) compared to the unfertilized control, NPK and MNPK treatments. Moreover, SOC concentrations in all aggregate fractions in the MNPK treatment were the highest among treatments. Furthermore, the MNPK treatment significantly increased SOC stock in micro- and silt+clay aggregates, which may slow down C decomposition in the soil. These results indicate that long-term manure amendment can benefit SOC sequestration and stability in the black soil of Northeast China. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The distribution and trends in reference evapotranspiration (ETo) are extremely important to water resources planning for agriculture, and it is widely believed that rates of ETo will increase with global warming. This is a big concern in China, where water deficits are common in the North China Plain (NCP). In this study, Penman-Monteith reference evapotranspiration at 26 meteorological stations during 1961–2006 in and around the NCP was calculated. The temporal variations and spatial distribution of ETo were analyzed and the causes for the variations were discussed. The results showed that: (1) the NCP was divided into two climatic regions based on aridity values: a semiarid region that accounts for 69% of the area and subhumid regions that made of the remaining area; (2) over the entire NCP, the highest annual ETo occurred in the central and western areas and the lowest total ETo was observed in the east. Comparing the mean monthly ETo and annual ETo distributions, the high ETo values from May through July mainly determined the annual ETo distribution; (3) for the whole NCP, annual ETo showed a statistically significant decrease of 11.92 mm/decade over the 46 years of data collection in the NCP or approximately a 5% total decrease compared to the ETo values in 1961; (4) to determine which variable has the greatest effect on the decrease in ETo, decadal changes were observed for daily values of maximum air temperature (+0.16°C), minimum air temperature (+0.35°C), net radiation (-0.13 MJ m-2), and mean wind speed (-0.09 m s-1). These results indicate that the decreasing net radiation and wind speed had a bigger impact on ETo rates than the increases observed by the maximum and minimum temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wheat-corn cropping system is one of the most important grain production systems in the world. However, the integrative impacts of soil tillage on crop yield, N use efficiency (NUE) and greenhouse gases (GHGS) emissions are not well documented in this system. Thus, a twoyear field experiment was carried out in a typical wheat-corn cropping system with four tillage regimes during the wheat season, including no-tillage (NT), rotary tillage (RT), sub-soiling tillage (ST) and sub-soiling with rotary tillage (SRT) in a randomized block design with three replicates. No-tillage was conducted for all treatments during corn season. Over the two years, the highest yields of wheat, corn and annual were found in the SRT treatment, while the lowest annual yield was found in the NT treatment averagely. Two-year average annual yield in the SRT was 19643.9 kg ha-1, which was 4.8, 5.9 and 7.7% higher than that in the ST, RT and NT treatments, respectively (P<0.05). SRT also stimulated plant N uptake with a higher N harvest index and higher partial factor productivity (PFP) than those under the other tillage practices (P<0.05). Although SRT stimulated N2O emission in wheat season, it significantly reduced the emission in corn season compared with the NT (P<0.05). Thus, no significant differences in total GHGS emissions, area-scaled and yield-scaled global warming potential (GWP) were found among the tillage practices. Our results indicate that sub-soiling with rotary tillage might benefit crop production for high yield and N use efficiency with less GHGS emissions for wheat-corn cropping system in North China Plain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the sensitivity of tumor organoids derived from samples of colorectal cancer to lobaplatin and oxaliplatin hyperthermic perfusion in vitro and to assist clinical development of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Method: Tumor samples and relevant clinical data were collected from patients with pathologically confirmed colorectal cancer in the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from July 2021 to December 2022. Organoids were cultured and tumor tissue were passaged. In vitro hyperthermic perfusion experiments were performed on organoids with good viability. Firstly, 10 organoids were treated with oxaliplatin and lobaplatin at the following six concentrations: 1 000, 250, 62.5, 15.6, 3.9, and 0.98 μmol/L. The organoids were exposed to oxaliplatin at 42℃ for 30 minutes and to lobaplatin at 42℃ for 60 minutes. Dose-response curves of responses to in vitro hyperthermic perfusion with these two drugs were constructed and evaluated. Clinical doses of oxaliplatin and lobaplatin were further tested on 30 organoids. This testing revealed oxaliplatin was effective at 579 µmol/L at a hyperthermic perfusion temperature of 42℃ for 30 min and lobaplatin was effective at 240 µmol/L at a hyperthermic perfusion temperature of 42℃ for 60 minutes. Result: Thirty-two tumor organoids were cultured from samples of colorectal cancer. The median concentration required for oxaliplatin to eliminate 50% of tumor cells (IC50) was 577.45 µmol/L (IQR: 1846.09 µmol/L). The median IC50 for lobaplatin was 85.04 µmol/L (IQR: 305.01 µmol/L).The difference between the two groups was not statistically significant ( Z =1.784, P =0.084). In seven of 10 organoids, lobaplatin showed a greater IC50 after in vitro hyperthermic perfusion than did oxaliplatin. Testing of 30 organoids with clinical doses of oxaliplatin and lobaplatin revealed that oxaliplatin achieved an average inhibition rate of 39.6% (95%CI: 32.1%‒47.0%), whereas the average rate of inhibition for lobaplatin was 89.7% (95%CI: 87.0%‒92.3%): this difference is statistically significant ( t =‒15.282, P <0.001). Conclusion: The rate of inhibition achieved by hyperthermic perfusion of lobaplatin in vitro is better than that achieved by hyperthermic perfusion with oxaliplatin. Lobaplatin is more effective than oxaliplatin when administered by hyperthermic intraperitoneal perfusion and therefore has the potential to replace oxaliplatin in this setting.

Objective: To analyze the status of measuring the blood glucose among Chinese residents aged 18 years and above and to provide a scientific basis for evaluating the Healthy China Initiative. Methods: China Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance were conducted in 298 counties/districts in China in 2018, covering 31 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities). A multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method selected permanent residents aged 18 years and above. Questionnaires collected demographic characteristics, blood glucose measurements, and significant chronic disease prevalence. Body measurements were conducted to collect body height, weight, and waist circumference; Fasting venous blood was collected from participants to measure FPG before OGTT-2 h was obtained among participants without a self-reported history of diagnosed diabetes. The analysis included 177 904 residents aged 18 and above. After being weighed, the blood glucose measurement rates of adults in different groups were compared. Results: Among adults who had not been diagnosed with diabetes, The blood glucose measurement rates of regular, prediabetes, and newly detected elevated blood glucose within 12 months were 32.0% (95% CI : 30.5%-33.5%), 39.5% (95% CI : 37.4%-41.6%) and 43.8% (95% CI : 41.0%-46.4%), respectively. The measurement rates were higher in females than males; urban was higher than rural. The blood glucose rates increased with age, education, and BMI. These differences were significant ( P <0.05). Among the adults with diabetes, the blood glucose measurement rate within six months was 89.6% (95% CI : 88.4%-90.8%); the measurement rate was higher in females than in males and higher in the west than in east and central regions of China, with statistical significance ( P <0.05). Among adults in the study who did not have 1 or 2 or ≥3 major chronic diseases, the blood glucose measurement rates within six months were 19.6% (95% CI : 18.4%-20.7%), 41.8% (95% CI : 40.1%-43.5%), 58.9% (95% CI :57.0%-60.7%),71.9% (95% CI : 69.0%-74.9%), respectively. The blood glucose measurement rate was on the rise and increased with the number of comorbidities ( P <0.001). The blood glucose measurement rate of adults who did not have 1 or 2 major chronic diseases was higher in urban areas than in rural areas. The blood glucose rates increased with age, education, and BMI and the differences were significant ( P <0.05). The blood glucose measurement rate of adults with ≥3 major chronic diseases was higher in females than in males ( P <0.001), and there was no difference among other groups ( P >0.05). Conclusion: It is necessary to promote blood glucose measurement in residents aged 18 years and above in China. Relevant departments should strengthen the publicity and education to promote regular blood glucose measurement for high-risk populations to improve the efficiency of preventing and treating diabetes and its complications.

Objective: To analyze the blood pressure measurement of Chinese adult residents in 2018 and provide a scientific basis for early detection and intervention of hypertension. Methods: In 2018, China Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance were conducted in 298 counties (districts) of 31 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) across the country, using a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method to survey permanent residents aged 18 years and above. We selected 184 509 people and carried out a face-to-face questionnaire survey and body measurement method to collect demographic data, major chronic diseases, and blood pressure measurement information of the survey subjects. Blood glucose and blood lipid-related indicators were obtained by laboratory testing. There were 170 551 adult residents included in the study after excluding abnormal and missing data for key variables. After complex weighting, blood pressure detection rates and detection times in people with different blood pressure levels and other diseases were analyzed. SAS 9.4 software was used to perform the χ 2 -test and trend test. Results: Among adult residents in China, the proportions of those with normal blood pressure, commonly recognized 'high' blood pressure, and newly detected hypertension who had their blood pressure tested within three months were 44.4%, 50.4%, and 52.6%, respectively. The proportions all appeared higher in women than in men (all P <0.05), in urban than in rural areas (all P <0.05), and showed an increasing trend with age (all P <0.001); The proportion of these three populations who had never had their blood pressure measured was 27.6%, 24.2%, and 23.5% respectively. The proportion of people with diagnosed hypertension who had their blood pressure tested within seven days was 44.0%, 51.4% in urban areas, higher than 37.7% in rural areas ( P <0.001), and the proportion of people who had their blood pressure tested increased with education, per capita annual income and BMI (all P <0.001). Conclusions: The behavior of regular self-monitoring of blood pressure among adult residents in China still needs to be improved, especially among men and rural areas. Relevant health promotion and education should be strengthened. More targeted policies and measures should be developed to improve blood pressure measurement behavior in people with normal high blood pressure and other high-risk groups to control elevated blood pressure effectively.

Objective: To describe and compare blood glucose levels in adults aged 18 years old and above in China and explore the relationship between BMI and waist circumference with blood glucose. Methods: China Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance were conducted in 298 counties/districts in China in 2018, covering 31 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities). A multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method selected permanent residents aged 18 years and above. Information on demographics, behavior-related risk factors, BMI, waist circumference, and blood glucose were collected through a face-to-face questionnaire, physical measurement, and laboratory examination. After complex weighting of data, they described the blood glucose levels of people with different characteristics and explored the relationship of BMI and waist circumference with blood glucose by multiple linear regression model analysis. Results: A total of 177 816 adults were included in the study. The average fasting blood glucose and average glycosylated hemoglobin were (5.73±1.46) mmol/L and (5.37±0.83) %, with people aged 60 years old and above group highest than that of other, with males higher than females ( P <0.001); and urban was higher slightly than rural for the average of average glycosylated hemoglobin ( P <0.001). The average fasting blood glucose and average glycosylated hemoglobin increased with increased BMI and waist circumference ( P <0.001). Results from multiple linear regression model analysis showed that: 1) for each increase in BMI unit and waist circumference, the fasting glucose levels increased by 0.019 mmol/L and 0.008 mmol/L (all P <0.001) in those not diagnosed with diabetes, 2) by 0.021 mmol/L ( P =0.163) and 0.014 mmol/L ( P =0.004) in those newly detected as diabetes, and 3) by 0.028 mmol/L ( P =0.088) and 0.023 mmol/L ( P <0.001) in those self-reported as having been diagnosed as diabetes, respectively. However, glycosylated hemoglobin levels increased: 1) by 0.015% and 0.006% in those not diagnosed as diabetes (all P <0.001), 2) by 0.050% and 0.019% in those newly detected as diabetes (all P <0.001), and 3) by 0.033% and 0.019% in those self-reported as having been diagnosed as diabetes (all P <0.001), respectively. These associations with waist circumference were more robust than with BMI. Conclusions: Adults not diagnosed with diabetes with abnormal BMI or waist circumference are the key population for prevention and control. Measures improving the awareness rate of waist circumference should be taken to maintain average blood glucose in various groups.

Objective: To understand the current status of community health management, treatment and control of hypertension in patients aged 35 years and above in China in 2015, and identify the influencing factors. Methods: Using the questionnaire survey results and physical measurement information collected by China Chronic Diseases and Nutrition Monitoring System in 2015, hypertension patients aged 35 years and above diagnosed at township health center level (community health service centers) or above were selected as the research subjects. The patients were complexly weighted to analyze their general characteristics, community health management, treatment and control status. Results: This study included 23 974 hypertension patients aged 35 years and above diagnosed by medical and health institutions at township level and above in 2015. After complex weighting, the community health management rate of hypertension patients aged 35 years and above was 54.10% (95% CI : 51.02%-57.17%), the standardized community management rate was 45.72% (95% CI : 42.93%-48.51%), the treatment rate was 88.16% (95% CI : 87.00%-89.31%), and the control rate was 22.67% (95% CI : 21.25%-24.09%), the treatment control rate was 27.76% (95% CI : 26.09%-29.42%). Multivariate analysis showed that patients in urban areas as well as in rural areas who were aged over 65 years old ( OR =1.40, 95% CI : 1.05-1.87; OR =3.11, 95% CI : 2.22-4.36), taking medicine as prescribed ( OR =2.15, 95% CI : 1.46-3.15; OR =1.35, 95% CI : 1.13-1.62), monitoring blood pressure ( OR =2.34, 95% CI : 1.88-2.90; OR =3.10, 95% CI : 2.72-3.53) were more willing to accept community health management of hypertension. Urban hypertension patients with high education level ( OR =0.51, 95% CI : 0.39-0.66), moderate alcohol consumption ( OR =0.69, 95% CI : 0.57-0.84) or excessive alcohol consumption ( OR =0.73, 95% CI : 0.58-0.92) had a poor acceptance of community hypertension management. Overweight ( OR =0.74, 95% CI : 0.61-0.91; OR =0.83, 95% CI : 0.71-0.98), obesity ( OR =0.54, 95% CI : 0.45-0.65; OR =0.67, 95% CI : 0.54-0.83) patients in urban areas as well as in rural areas with hypertension had poor blood pressure control, and patient taking medication as prescribed ( OR =4.58, 95% CI : 3.16-6.63; OR =2.84, 95% CI : 2.18-3.69) had better blood pressure control. Urban hypertension patients in central China ( OR =0.74, 95% CI : 0.61-0.89) or with excessive alcohol consumption ( OR =0.72, 95% CI : 0.54-0.97) had poor blood pressure control while urban hypertension patients with other chronic diseases ( OR =1.22, 95% CI : 1.04-1.44) and participating in standardized hypertension community management ( OR =1.29, 95% CI : 1.06-1.58) had better blood pressure control.Rural hypertension patients who located in central and western China ( OR =0.71, 95% CI : 0.58-0.87; OR =0.62, 95% CI : 0.47-0.80), with moderate alcohol consumption ( OR =0.81, 95% CI : 0.67-0.98), taking salt more than 6 g per day ( OR =0.80, 95% CI : 0.69-0.93) had poor blood pressure control, and the rural hypertension patients who underwent blood pressure monitoring ( OR =1.38, 95% CI : 1.18-1.61) had better blood pressure control. Conclusions: The community health management of hypertension in patients aged 35 years and above has been improved in China, but there is still a certain gap between the control of hypertension and related indicators. It is necessary to take multi standardized intervention measures for the better prevention and control of hypertension.

Objective: To study the group noise exposure level of typical coal-fired power plants and explore the establishment of risk assessment methods for noise exposed posts. Methods: In April 2020, 295 typical workers in 11 coal-fired power plants were selected as the study subjects. The noise exposure dose of typical posts and the proportion of exposure groups under different exposure doses were analyzed, and the risk assessment based on the dose-response relationship was conducted. Results: The exposure level of typical noise posts in coal-fired power plants was (84.24±4.10) dB (A) , and the over-standard rate was 44.07% (130/295) . The highest noise over-standard rate in main posts were desulfurization inspectors (51.52%) , followed by steam turbine inspectors (47.92%) and belt inspectors (46.32%) . Taking 30 years as an example, the incidence rate of occupational noise deafness of noise-exposed posts in coal-fired power plants was 12.30%. The position with the highest incidence rate was belt inspector (13.21%) , followed by steam turbine inspector (12.97%) , desulfurization inspectors (12.42%) , boiler inspectors (11.59%) and chemical water inspectors (6.89%) . Conclusion: The risk of noise exposure in coal-fired power plants is relatively high. Comprehensive control measures are recommended to effectively reduce the risk of noise deafness.

Stroke has high disability rate and high mortality rate, resulting in huge disease burden to society and individuals. In the context of highly informationization of global health system, countries have built and improved various public health information platform to provide support for health decision-making through public health information collection, classification, extraction, analysis and sharing in the research of disease burden of stroke. Based on the retrieval of domestic and foreign literatures, this paper summarizes the research methods of stroke-caused disease burden and its public health information sources in China, evaluates the significance of public health as well as the limitations of each research method of disease burden and describes the application and development of stroke-caused disease burden big data platform in the world, and provide suggestions for establishing a more modern and information-based stroke-caused disease burden evaluation system in China by analyzing the limitations of the existing stroke-caused disease burden evaluation system.

Objective: To explore the value of free forearm flap with double skin island in repairing large perforating defect of palate. Method: The free forearm flap with double skin island was used to repair 6 cases of large perforating palatal defect due to oral malignant tumor. Preoperative Allen test and ultrasound doppler examination were used to judge the forearm vessels. Result: All the free forearm flap with double skin island survived in 6 cases, followed up for 3 months to 24 months, the patients ate normally, swallowing without nasal regurgitation. The patients had mild to moderate nasal sounds, and the patients were satisfied with the effect of operation and the quality of life. Conclusion: The double skin island free forearm flap is a reliable method for repairing large perforating defect of palate, with satisfactory morphological function and good effect., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Editorial Department of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery.)

A reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic method for the quantitative determination of the five isoflavones (tectoridin, iridin, tectorigenin, irigenin and irisflorentin) in the rhizome of Belamcanda and Iris was developed. The column was packed with TSK gel ODS 80 TS (150 mm x 4.6 mm). Methanol-water (36%-60%) was used as mobile phase. The method was rapid, sensitive, precise and has good reproducibility. The five isoflavones in the crude drugs were completely separated within 40 min. Recoveries of the five constituents were 98.41%-101.93%. The crude drugs were analysed as follows: The powdered sample was refluxed with methanol for 6 hours. The extract was transferred into a 2 ml volumetric flask and diluted to mark with methanol. A definite amount of this sample solution was injected into RP-HPLC. The contents of the five constituents in the rhizomes of Belamcanda and Iris were calculated from the relevant peak heights or peak areas. The analytical results of determination for various species and habitats are shown in Tab 2-5.

Three elderberry lectins isolated from the bark of three different species of the genus Sambucus which are native to Europe (S. nigra), North America (S. canadensis), and Japan (S. sieboldiana) were studied comparatively with regard to their carbohydrate binding properties and some structural features. All three lectins contained two identical carbohydrate binding sites per molecule and showed a very high specificity for the Neu5Ac(alpha 2-6)-Gal/GalNAc sequence. However, relative affinities for various oligosaccharides were significantly different among them, suggesting differences in the detailed structure of the carbohydrate binding sites of these lectins. The three lectins were immunologically related, but not identical, and all were composed of hydrophobic and hydrophilic subunit regions, although the molecular sizes of these subunits were slightly different among the three lectins. N-terminal sequence analysis of the subunits of these lectins suggested that they have a very similar structure in this region but also indicated the occurrence of N-terminal processing such as the deletion of several amino acid residues at the N-termini for both hydrophobic and hydrophilic subunits of all three lectins. Tryptic peptide mapping of the three lectins showed a similar pattern for all of them but also showed the presence of some unique peptides for each lectin.

This paper reports 414 cases of supratentorial ischemic cerebral infarcts diagnosed by CT. The clinical analysis was presented. CT value, specific changes in the CT pictures of the infarcts and ventricles were observed in accordance with the stages of the disorder. On the basis of these observations the development of the infarcts on CT can be divided into 4 stages. It is the first time that an latent stage of infarct has been mentioned. This stage is the time necessary for the pathological process to develop and cause the onset of changes in density. It is emphasized that negative CT in stroke not only can rule out the cerebral haemorrhage, but also should indicate the existence of the infarct, leading to the initiation of the treatment at extremely early stage.

The kidneys of man, sheep, cattle and pig were all found to contain 1-aspartamido-beta-acetylglucosamine amidohydrolase activity. However, among these, only human kidney was found to contain endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity. The absence of this enzyme in the kidneys of sheep and cattle explains why the oligosaccharides accumulated in, and excreted by, sheep and cattle afflicted with disorders of glycoprotein catabolism (i.e. alpha-mannosidosis and beta-mannosidosis) contain two N-acetylglucosamine residues at the reducing terminus instead of one, as is the case for human patients afflicted with similar disorders.