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Film mulching technology has greatly improved the efficiency of agricultural production. However, it also causes environmental problems such as soil contamination. Biodegradable mulch films, which represent environmentally friendly alternatives, present different characteristics depending on regional differences and crop growth differences. This review was based on the literature and data collected from databases such as the Web of Science. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the development, types and degradation characteristics of biodegradable mulch films. The following conclusions are presented: (1) Applying biodegradable mulch films can conserve water, maintain the soil temperature, improve soil nutrition, increase the soil respiration rate, and promote soil microbial activity. (2) Biodegradable mulch films promote crop root system development, suppress weeds, shorten the crop growth cycle, improve crop emergence rates, and expand the planting range of crops. (3) At present, the incomplete degradability of biodegradable mulch films, their relatively high cost and the potential harm to soil from their degradation products still limit their widespread use in agricultural production. The aim of this study is to provide a reference for future research and for the application of biodegradable mulch films in the hope of promoting their role in the sustainable development of agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effects of potassium monopersulfate (KMPS) on the nitrification activity, aquacultural water quality and bacterial community structure of sponge biocarriers with pre-cultured biofilm (SBBF) were analysed through shaking flask experiments and L. vannamei aquaculture experiments. Changes in the ammonia oxidation rate (AOR) and nitrite oxidation rate (NOR) of SBBF under six KMPS concentration treatments (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 mg/L) were studied. The results showed that the AOR and NOR of SBBF treated with high concentrations of KMPS (3, 4 and 5 mg/L) were significantly lower than those of the control group (CK) (p < 0.05). However, compared with the first dosing of NH4Cl and NaNO2, the inhibition of AOR and NOR by KMPS on AOR and NOR was weakened after the second and third dosing times. That is, AOR and NOR can recover partially or completely over time. The L. vannamei aquaculture experiment was performed using four concentrations of KMPS (0, 2, 4 and 8 mg/L). The results showed that with increasing KMPS dosage, the average and peak concentrations of NH4+-N and NO2–-N in each treatment significantly increased (P < 0.05), and the final body weight of shrimp significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Furthermore the highest dose (8.0 mg/L) of KMPS reduced the survival rate by 9.33% compared to the CK. High-throughput sequencing analysis of the biofilm structure showed that the relative abundances of Nitrospirota, Nitrosomonas and Nitrococcus, which are related to nitrogen cycling, and beneficial bacteria including Firmicutes and Bacilli decreased with the addition of KMPS (p < 0.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chlorella pyrenoidosa is a widely used microalgae in the aquaculture process of Litopenaeus vannamei. In order to evaluate the effects of supplementing C. pyrenoidosa on water quality, shrimp growth performance, and biofilm bacterial community structure in L. vannamei aquaculture systems, C. pyrenoidosa suspension was supplemented in the precultured biofilm (PB) and water exchange (WE) culture systems. The results showed that supplementation with C. pyrenoidosa significantly increased the turbidity and the concentrations of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) and nitrite nitrogen (NO 2 − ─N) in the PBC system (the PB system supplemented with C. pyrenoidosa), but had no significant effect on those in the WEC system (the WE system supplemented with C. pyrenoidosa). However, the TAN concentration of all systems remained at a low level (<0.1 mg/L) throughout the experiment. Additionally, supplementation with C. pyrenoidosa decreased the final concentrations of total phosphorus in the PBC and WEC systems by 15.74% and 23.33%, respectively. With the supplementation of C. pyrenoidosa, the final weight, final biomass, and average daily growth rate of L. vannamei increased, while the feed conversion ratio decreased. 16srRNA high-throughput sequencing results showed that the supplementation of C. pyrenoidosa to the PBC system resulted in a decrease in the relative abundances of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes and an increase in the relative abundance of Acidobacteria. Compared to those in the initial biofilm sample, the relative abundances of nitrifying bacteria, Nitrosococcus, Nitrosomonas, Nitrococcus, and Nitrospira, in PBCF (biofilm in the PB systems with C. pyrenoidosa) and PBOF (biofilm in the PB systems without C. pyrenoidosa) decreased from 10.18% to 3.05% and 0.75%, respectively. In conclusion, C. pyrenoidosa, as a supplement to the aquaculture systems, has practical application prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mitochondrial transplantation is a promising treatment for spinal cord injury (SCI), but it has the disadvantage of low efficiency of mitochondrial transfer to targeted cells. Here, we demonstrated that Photobiomodulation (PBM) could promote the transfer process, thus augmenting the therapeutic effect of mitochondrial transplantation. In vivo experiments, motor function recovery, tissue repair, and neuronal apoptosis were evaluated in different treatment groups. Under the premise of mitochondrial transplantation, the expression of Connex36 (Cx36), the trend of mitochondria transferred to neurons, and its downstream effects, such as ATP production and antioxidant capacity, were evaluated after PBM intervention. In in vitro experiments, dorsal root ganglia (DRG) were cotreated with PBM and 18β‐GA (a Cx36 inhibitor). In vivo experiments showed that PBM combined with mitochondrial transplantation could increase ATP production and reduce oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis levels, thereby promoting tissue repair and motor function recovery. In vitro experiments further verified that Cx36 mediated the transfer of mitochondria into neurons. PBM could facilitate this progress via Cx36 both in vivo and in vitro. The present study reports a potential method of using PBM to facilitate the transfer of mitochondria to neurons for the treatment of SCI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]