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This study explores the environmental changes in the disturbed area of coal mining and presents the driving factors of ecological self-restoration. Specifically, we measured the soil nutrient and soil enzyme indicators in the mining area and non-mining area from 2014 to 2017 and 2019, and evaluated the stoichiometric characteristics of soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P). The experimental results show that the total phosphorus concentration gradually recovered with the increase of mining years, while organic matter, available potassium, and urease first increased and then decreased with the increase of mining years. There were significant differences in total phosphorus, C/N ratio, N/P ratio, and C/P ratio between the working face and the subsidence disturbance zone. Random forest analysis showed that soil sucrase, urease, available potassium, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, C/P ratio, C/N ratio, and water-soluble salts were the key factors influencing soil nutrient cycling in different time periods; while C/N ratio, N/P ratio, total phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, and water-soluble salts were the key factors influencing soil nutrient cycling at different locations. Mining years of the working face has differing influence path on soil factors and soil enzymes. This study could provide theoretical proof for the artificial guided self-restoration plan in coal mining subsidence areas and for ecological restoration in western mining areas.

The key challenge for 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural oxidation reaction (HMFOR) lies in understanding the synergistic interactions between active sites and adsorption sites, but the uncertain spatial positions of these two sites largely limit their synergistic effect. Here, an embedded Pd/NiFe layered double hydroxide (LDH) with Pd nanoparticles (NPs) (3.6 nm) far larger than the interlayer spacing of LDH is reported, which results in the in situ generation of the defective structures at the interface of the NiFe laminate. The Pd/NiFe shows a lower onset potential of 1.34 V compared to NiFe (1.42 V). Experimental and theoretical calculations reveal that the Pd NPs exhibit a high level of orbital overlap with HMF, leading to a strong adsorption tendency and an increased local concentration of HMF near the Pd NPs. The Ni defects generated around Pd NPs result in the 3d‐orbitals of adjacent Ni sites approaching the Fermi level, reducing the oxidation barrier from Ni2+‐OH to Ni3+‐O active sites. Furthermore, this work provides crucial evidence for the hydration interactions between the aldehyde groups in HMF and the hydroxyl groups on the catalyst surface, demonstrating that the removal ability of the latter one can have an important influence on HMFOR activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional data storage models are inadequate in the face of the growing demand for big data in transportation and transportation management. Its poor horizontal scalability makes it difficult to deal with the growth of massive data; on the other hand, its complex management makes it challenging to achieve unified management and effective resource utilization due to the differences in equipment from different manufacturers. In order to effectively store and manage this huge amount of information, it is urgent to rely on advanced technical tools. In this context, while ensuring data security and simplifying data management, it is also necessary to meet the terminal's demand for high real-time performance, and these factors jointly promote the continuous attention and improvement of data storage terminal performance. This paper proposes a Hadoop solution based on distributed computing. As a distributed system infrastructure, Hadoop allows users to develop distributed programs without a deep understanding of distributed details, fully using the high-speed computing and storage capabilities of Hadoop clusters, which is especially suitable for big data processing tasks on the Internet of Things (IoT) platform. The experimental results show that for a 10 GB data file, the traditional terminal (Terminal 1) can store 7.8 GB, while the Hadoop-based terminal (Terminal 2) can store 9.9 GB. For 50 GB of data files, Terminal 1 and Terminal 2 can store 40.4 GB and 49.8 GB of data respectively. These results show that Hadoop terminals have significant advantages in processing large-scale data, especially in terms of data storage efficiency, and can use storage resources more effectively to meet the high-performance requirements of traffic and transportation management for data storage terminals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficient 2D membranes play a critical role in water purification and desalination. However, most 2D membranes, such as graphene oxide (GO) membranes, tend to swell or disintegrate in liquid, making precise ionic sieving a tough challenge. Herein, the fabrication of the polyoxometalate clusters (PW12) intercalated reduced graphene oxide (rGO) membrane (rGO‐PW12) is reported through a polyoxometalate‐assisted in situ photoreduction strategy. The intercalated PW12 result in the interlayer spacing in the sub‐nanometer scale and induce a nanoconfinement effect to repel the ions in various salt solutions. The permeation rate of rGO‐PW12 membranes are about two orders of magnitude lower than those through the GO membrane. The confinement of nanochannels also generate the excellent non‐swelling stability of rGO‐PW12 membranes in aqueous solutions up to 400 h. Moreover, when applied in forward osmosis, the rGO‐PW12 membranes with a thickness of 90 nm not only exhibit a high‐water permeance of up to 0.11790 L m−2 h−1 bar−1 and high NaCl rejection (98.3%), but also reveal an ultrahigh water/salt selectivity of 4740. Such significantly improved ion‐exclusion ability and high‐water flux benefit from the multi‐interactions and nanoconfinement effect between PW12 and rGO nanosheets, which afford a well‐interlinked lamellar structure via hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the influence of fissure morphology on soil moisture-content changes under different fissure types, this study established HYDRUS 2.0 numerical models of stepped fissures and planar fissures with different fissure widths and depths based on the experimental condition parameters obtained from physical simulation tests. Then, we simulated the spatial and temporal variation rules of soil moisture around the fissures. The results showed a high level of agreement between the HYDRUS numerical simulations and actual measurements, indicating that the model accurately reflects the movement of soil moisture near fissures. The study found that ground fissures affected the spatial distribution of soil moisture, leading to an increased rate of moisture loss in the deep soil near the fissure walls. Moreover, larger fissures had greater horizontal and vertical effects on soil moisture. The soil moisture content is lower closer to the fissure walls. As the soil depth increased, the influence of the fissures gradually diminished. For planar fissure with a depth of 50 cm, the soil moisture content was 30.6%, 17.8%, and 8.4% lower at depths of 10, 30, and 50 cm, respectively, compared to a fissure with a depth of 10 cm. For a stepped fissure with a depth of 50 cm, the soil moisture content was 29.2%, 20.9%, and 13.9% lower at depths of 10, 30, and 50 cm, respectively, compared to a fissure with a depth of 10 cm. Under the same conditions of fissure width and depth, stepped fissures exhibit faster moisture loss, and the larger the fissure, the more significant the additional moisture loss compared to planar fissures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coal mining exacerbates drought stress and poor soil. How to improve the water use efficiency, promote plant growth and soil improvement has become the key to the field restoration. The soil type of the experimental area is aeolian sand soil, which is loose and has poor ability of water and fertilizer conservation. The experiment set up 4 treatments: control(CK), cover grass(F), inoculate arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(M), cover grass combined with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(FM), with 3 repetitions for each treatment, thus there were 12 communities in total. The results showed that the biomass and yield of maize could be effectively increased by inoculation, and the yield of inoculated maize was 13 % higher than that of the control group. The yield of maize can be increased effectively by combining with the treatment of bacteria. After grass mulching in May, the soil water content in that month was 30 % higher than that of the treatment without grass mulching. In September, the precipitation was less, the evaporation increased, the evaporation of water was effectively reduced by grass mulching, and the water retention was 37.5 % higher than that of the treatment without grass mulching.

Riboflavin (RF) and cysteamine (Cys) are vital in clinical and other fields, but their detection is often intricate and reliant on costly equipment and materials. Plasmon-enhanced fluorescence (PEF) using plasmonic nanoparticles offers a solution to enhance the optical properties of fluorophores. Additionally, fluorescence quenching becomes apparent when the distance between the fluorophores and nanostructures shrinks to a few nanometers. Harnessing these effects holds tremendous promise for improved detection performance. In this study, the PEF of RF by Ag@SiO2 nanoparticles was presented and used to improve RF detection. The fluorescence enhancement of RF was "turned off" in the presence of Cys because of the aggregation of Ag@SiO2 nanoparticles caused by Cys, which can be used for the detection of Cys. On the other hand, the quenched fluorescence of RF caused by small Ag nanoparticles was "turned on" in the presence of Cys, which can further realize the detection of Cys with lower concentrations. Additionally, the color of the Ag NPs-RF composites changed in the presence of Cys, which can also be used for the colorimetric detection of Cys. A minimum detected concentration as low as 16.6 nM was realized by fluorescence and colorimetric dual-mode detection. Depending on the interactions between the plasmonic nanoparticles and Cys, the plasmonic nanoparticles show great potential for the dual-mode detection strategy in the sensitive evaluation of analytes. The dual-mode detection based on the Ag nanoparticles provides the feasibility of the nanoprobe in potential applications, which opens a promising avenue for simple, sensitive, and selective detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]