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Photosynthetic microorganisms, especially microalgae and cyanobacteria, have been well-developed as attractive biomaterials with their eigen oxygen production capability, high-value metabolites, and diverse biofunctionalities. Moreover, recent advances in nanotechnology and materials sciences also witnessed promising prospects by integrating unique properties of distinctive functional materials with photosynthetic microorganisms to construct material-decorated photosynthetic microorganisms (MPMs) that can foster diversified biomedical functions. These integrated MPM hybrids can serve as smart cargoes for targeting therapeutic delivery, mainly due to their modifiable surface morphology, actuated propulsion, good biocompatibility, and spacious encapsulating effect. Moreover, attributing to the intrinsic oxygenation and autofluorescence, the MPMs can also act as the oxygen supplier to conduct various oxygen-related modulation and image-guided therapies. This review systematically outlines the recent advances of MPMs as unique platforms to achieve their targeted drug delivery. In addition, promising applications of these micro-sized biohybrids for in situ oxygen modulation and oxygen-related therapeutic manipulation are also summarized. Some relevant applications regarding their synergistic theranostics and the feasibility as the macro-sized scaffold for tissue engineering and wound healing are also carefully covered. Finally, current challenges and future perspectives of these multifunctional material-microbe hybridized conjugations are also discussed. Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Ministry of Education (MOE) Submitted/Accepted version This work was supported by MOE Tier 1 RG4/22, RG6/20, RG69/21, MoE AcRF Tier 1 Theme RT7/22, A*Star SERC A1983c0028, A20E5c0090, awarded at Nanyang Technological University (NTU), National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (Nos. 51929201 and 22007083).

Epigenetic mediation through bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) proteins have progressively translated protein imbalance into effective cancer treatment. Perturbation of druggable BET proteins through proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) has recently contributed to the discovery of effective therapeutics. Unfortunately, precise and microenvironment-activatable BET protein degradation content with promising tumor selectivity and pharmacological suitability remains elusive. Here, we present an enzyme-derived clicking PROTACs (ENCTACs) capable of orthogonally cross-linking two disparate small-molecule warhead ligands that recognize BET bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) protein and E3 ligase within tumors only upon hypoxia-induced activation of nitroreductase enzyme. This localized formation of heterobifunctional degraders promotes specific down-regulation of BRD4, which subsequently alters expression of epigenetic targets and, therefore, allows precise modulation of hypoxic signaling in live cells, zebrafish, and living mice with solid tumors. Our activation-feedback system demonstrates compelling superiorities and may enable the PROTAC technology with more flexible practicality and druggable potency for precision medicine in the near future. Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Ministry of Education (MOE) National Medical Research Council (NMRC) Published version This work is supported by the Ministry of Education, Singapore (MOE), Tier 1 RG6/20, the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) (grant nos. A1883c0011 and A20E5c0090), awarded at NTU, National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC; no. 51929201), National Medical Research Council Singapore Large Collaborative Grant DYNAMO (NMRC/OFLCG/001/2017), and National Medical Research Council Singapore Large Collaborative Grant TAAP (NMRC/OFLCG/004/2018).

We report on remote sensing of vectorial vibration based on locally stabilized Mach–Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) using commercial multi-core fiber (MCF). Hexa-MZIs with a shared common reference arm are constructed by a 7-core MCF to acquire remotely vectorial vibration. A set of corresponding local receivers consisting of optical phase-locked loops (OPLLs) for not only eliminating the impact of environmental perturbations but also maintaining the stable operation and relative stability among the MZIs, allows guaranteed stabilized remote sensing. It moreover ensures a linearized phase detection, and thus an improved sensing sensitivity and dynamic range. This way, by exploiting the symmetrically geometric distribution for the cores of 7-core MCF, the proposed all-fiber design can enable highly precise remote extraction of vibration in a vectorial manner with a simplified remote structure. We achieve vectorial remote sensing for vibrations with ∼0.1076° and ∼0.3603 µm precision for the angle and displacement, respectively, over 10 km.

This work presents a smart solar energy regulation strategy using photon tunable long persistent phosphors as solar energy harvesting antennas to enhance overall sunlight utilization by photosynthetic organisms in multiple modes. Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Ministry of Education (MOE) Z.Z. acknowledges the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (No. 22007083), the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. LQ20B010010), and the Science Foundation of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University (ZSTU) under Grant No. 19062410-Y. B.X. acknowledges the financial support from Tier 1 RG6/20, 04MNP002205C230, A*Star 002425-00001, SERC A1983c0028 and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (No. 51929201).

In contrast to reactive inhibition, intentional inhibition is the internally generated decision to "stop" without any external signals. Whether adults and adolescents' neural correlates on these two inhibitions have any differences is still unknown. We measured 20 adults and 21 adolescents' ERP-related N2 using a free-choice Go/Nogo task. The results of the adult's group showed that the mean amplitude and peak latency of intentional Nogo-N2 did not differ from the reactive Nogo-N2. In contrast, the mean amplitude and peak latency for reactive Nogo-N2 in the adolescent group was significantly greater than what was observed for the intentional Nogo-N2. Comparison across groups revealed that the mean amplitude and peak latency of reactive Nogo-N2 were significantly greater in adolescents than in adults, while intentional Nogo-N2 did not differ between groups. These findings may indicate that adolescents lack of self-control is more reflected in reactive inhibition, if adolescents decide whether to do, they will be as good as adults.

A coherent dual-wavelength frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) lidar utilizing dual-heterodyne mixing which permits efficient phase noise cancellation has been proposed. Consistent ranging resolution about 1.4 × 10−6 over distances beyond tens of intrinsic coherence length is achieved.

We present a remote Michelson interferometric phase sensor based on dual-core fiber transmission and linear phase demodulation. The former allows for synchronous transmission of both sensing signal and reference lights, enabling efficient suppression for the environmental disturbances along the transmission link and for the incoherent phase noise between the two lights. The latter is conducted by two optical phase-locked loops, one of which consists of a fiber stretcher that is used to eliminate the residual phase noises, thus stabilizing the operation point while the other relies on a phase modulator that is used to track the remote phase changes, thus achieving a highly linearized phase demodulation. A remote phase sensing over a 20 km fiber link with less than 3% nonlinear phase error over 3 π range has been readily realized, corresponding to more than 10 times extension in a linear phase demodulation range. The proposed system shows great potential in the field of remote phase sensing for a variety of physical quantities.