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ABSTRACT The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others.

Background: Aerosols generated during dental procedures carry potential hazardous microorganisms which may harm the patients and the health care worker attending the clinics. Though the risk of aerosol generating procedures had been already in place but has been highlighted after the pandemic of SARS-Cov-2 has setup. Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the microbial profile of air in dental hospital due to aerosol generating procedures during the period of clinical activity. Methods: The air sampling was done by active and passive sampling both. Passive sampling was done by settle plate technique. Result: The significant contamination of air due to aerosol generation while the regular procedures were reported. The viable count of the bacteria present in air during clinical activity ranged from 6.8 to 28.6cfu/m2/h with a mean value of 17.8cfu/m2/h and was more than double than that of period of clinical inactivity. Their difference came out to be statically significant. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate a marked increase in air contamination due to substantial aerosol generated while performing various dental procedures specifically ultrasonic scalar and air rotor during conservative treatment and scaling procedures.

Summary: Accumulation of immunoglobulin and complement components within the kidneys is a hallmark of glomerulonephritis. Staining and detection of IgG, IgA, IgM, and C3 deposits can assist in diagnosing the underlying causes of nephritis and has implications for the pathological processes underpinning glomerulonephritis. Here, we describe a protocol to detect immune deposits within biological specimens such as mouse kidneys. We detail tissue isolation and processing, immunostaining, and fluorescence microscopy to characterize and quantify the extent of immunological deposits contributing to kidney injury.For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Jiang et al. (2021).

Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) can support drug resistance surveillance, but is rare in low- and middle-income countries. Here, the authors integrate WGS within the national antimicrobial resistance surveillance program in the Philippines and conduct a retrospective sequencing survey to characterize bacterial populations and dissect resistance phenotypes.

Los procesos de deforestación y de degradación hacen que el Espinal sea una de las ecorregiones boscosas más amenazadas de la Argentina. En el centro-norte de Entre Ríos, los remanentes de bosques de Espinal nativo son claves para la biodiversidad y para la ganadería integrada al bosque. Por lo tanto, su conservación y uso sostenible requieren incorporar perspectivas de múltiples actores sociales (AS) del sistema productivo. Mediante 21 entrevistas semi-estructuradas con ganaderos familiares y especialistas (investigadores, extensionistas, funcionarios) obtuvimos información sobre sus percepciones acerca de los beneficios que brinda el bosque y su relación con un gradiente de degradación de estados fisonómico-florísticos. Esperábamos que el modo de vida de los ganaderos, vinculado más directamente con el bosque, hiciera que percibieran más beneficios que los especialistas. No obstante, del total de 33 beneficios registrados, 32 fueron reportados por los especialistas y 27 por los ganaderos. Estos beneficios representaron un amplio espectro de contribuciones de la naturaleza para la gente (14 de 18 categorías de IPBES). Ambos AS coincidieron en clasificar la capacidad de provisión de beneficios de los estados del bosque en relación con los modelos de degradación formulados específicamente para la productividad ganadera, atribuyendo pérdidas de beneficios con mayor degradación. No obstante, los ganaderos consideraron que la degradación es provocada en mayor medida por causas naturales, mientras los especialistas responsabilizaron el mal manejo del bosque como factor determinante. A pesar de su degradación, el bosque del Espinal integrado a sistemas ganaderos es percibido como proveedor de múltiples beneficios para la sociedad. Esta información puede aportar a apuntalar la interfaz investigacióngestión del Espinal, incorporando una aproximación constructivista para entender la dimensión humana de los socioecosistemas desde los AS involucrados.

Background: Police officers' high-stress levels and its deleterious consequences are raising awareness to an epidemic of mental health problems and quality of life (QoL) impairment. There is a growing evidence that mindfulness-based interventions are efficacious to promote mental health and well-being among high-stress occupations.Methods: The POLICE study is a multicenter randomized controlled trial (RCT) with three assessment points (baseline, post-intervention, and 6-month follow-up) where police officers were randomized to mindfulness-based health promotion (MBHP) (n = 88) or a waiting list (n = 82). This article focuses on QoL, depression and anxiety symptoms, and religiosity outcomes. Mechanisms of change and MBHP feasibility were evaluated.Results: Significant group × time interaction was found for QoL, depression and anxiety symptoms, and non-organizational religiosity. Between-group analysis showed that MBHP group exhibited greater improvements in QoL, and depression and anxiety symptoms at both post-intervention (QoL d = 0.69 to 1.01; depression d = 0.97; anxiety d = 0.73) and 6-month follow-up (QoL d = 0.41 to 0.74; depression d = 0.60; anxiety d = 0.51), in addition to increasing non-organizational religiosity at post-intervention (d = 0.31). Changes on self-compassion mediated the relationship between group and pre-to-post changes for all QoL domains and facets. Group effect on QoL overall health facet at post-intervention was moderated by mindfulness trait and spirituality changes.Conclusion: MBHP is feasible and efficacious to improve QoL, and depression and anxiety symptoms among Brazilian officers. Results were maintained after 6 months. MBHP increased non-organizational religiosity, although the effect was not sustained 6 months later. To our knowledge, this is the first mindfulness-based intervention RCT to empirically demonstrate these effects among police officers. Self-compassion, mindfulness trait, and spirituality mechanisms of change are examined.Clinical Trial Registration:www.ClinicalTrials.gov. identifier: NCT03114605.

Pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect and major aortopulmonary collaterals is a complex congenital heart defect that includes a heterogeneous subgroup of patients. Variation in the sources of pulmonary blood flow contributes to the complexity of the lesion and the diversity of approaches to its management. Unifocalization and rehabilitation focus on mobilization of collateral arteries and growth of native pulmonary arteries, respectively, with the ultimate surgical goal of achieving separated systemic and pulmonary circulations with the lowest possible right ventricular pressure. Regardless of the strategy, outcomes have altered the natural history of the disease, with a complete repair rate of approximately 80% and low early and late mortality rates. Given this heterogeneity of pulmonary vasculature, a tailored approach should be adopted for each patient, using all diagnostic methods currently offered by technical developments.

Abstract A detailed anatomical revision on Solaropsis brasiliana (Deshayes 1832) has been carried out. New characters on shell, anatomy of soft parts, and a review of the genus distribution in South America, as well as clarification on S. brasiliana distributional area are provided in the present study. Solaropsis brasiliana is diagnosed by its globose, solid, and hirsute shell, with periphery obsoletely angular, bursa copulatrix with a thick, long diverticulum, a thick, long flagellum and a penis retractor muscle forked, with the vas deferens passing through it. This compiled information was used to test the phylogenetic position of S. brasiliana within South American Pleurodontidae through a cladistics analysis. In the phylogenetic hypothesis obtained, S. brasiliana is sister group of S. gibboni (Pfeiffer 1846) and the monophyly of the genus Solaropsis Beck is also supported. Here, we sustain that the distribution of S. brasiliana is restricted to Brazil, inhabiting the States of Rio de Janeiro, Espírito Santo, Bahia and Minas Gerais.

A comprehensive description of morbidity and mortality in patients affected by mutations in genes encoding for signal transducers of the RAS-MAPK cascade (RASopathies) was performed in our study recently published in the International Journal of Cardiology. Seven European cardiac centres participating to the CArdiac Rasopathy NETwork (CARNET), collaborated in this multicentric, observational, retrospective data analysis and collection. In this study, clinical records of 371 patients with confirmed molecular diagnosis of RASopathy were reviewed. Cardiac defects, crude mortality, survival rate of patients with 1) hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and age

Information on the distribution of Anisancylus Pilsbry, 1924 in South America is provided. For first time, we recorded A. dutrae (Santos 1994) in Minas Gerais state and 2 new localities in northeastern Brazil. Anisancylus obliquus (Broderip & Sowerby, 1832) is widely distributed in Chile, Peru, central and southern Argentina, Uruguay and southernBrazil while A. dutrae is restricted to Brazil. This freshwater genus shows a disjunct distribution in South America that could be explained by tectonics and evolution of the basins. To understand this peculiar distributional pattern, additional studies should be performed combining biogeographic and phylogeographic analyses.

This paper, which was partially presented at the lll Simposio de Investigadores en Educación en Física, is a review of studies published in Proceedings, poster presentations and workshops that have taken place at the Reuniones Nacionales de Educación en Física (REF) of the Asociación de Profesores de Física de Argentina (APFA) in the last ten years.The categories used in papers classification in each event are also analyzed as well as a global classification by the application of the same categories to all papers and workshops is made. The results show that more emphasis is put on how teaching is made an what is learned than on about what contents teaching and leaming occur. As Physics Education can't be done without Physics, we should be concemed about these results.

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Estudo exploratório-descritivo, transversal, com objetivo de determinar a prevalência, caracterização, localização, mensuração e discussão de medidas farmacológicas analgésicas em dor aguda em cinco unidades de internação de um hospital universitário. MÉTODO: Participaram 856 sujeitos, dos quais 272 com dor no momento. As informações relacionadas à dor foram obtidas através de entrevista estruturada junto ao leito. Usou-se a escala numérica de dor e diagrama corporal. RESULTADOS: A analgesia foi verificada no prontuário. A prevalência geral de dor foi de 31,8%, sendo intensa em 44,2% e a média de 6,6 na escala numérica de dor. O motivo principal foi traumatismo, o local mais frequente, o abdômen. O analgésico mais usado foi a dipirona em 76,1%, com/sem associação. Opioide forte foi prescrito em 4,4%. Para 27,5% não houve melhoria. CONCLUSÃO: Conclui-se que a dor é de alta prevalência, pouco avaliada, subtratada, com uso incorreto de analgésicos.

The freshwater snail Gundlachia ticaga (Marcus & Marcus, 1962) is widely distributed in Brazil, but its morphology has been poorly studied. We compared the shell morphology of samples from four sites (Vila do Abraão, Vila de Provetá, Parnaioca and Praia do Sul) in Ilha Grande (Angra dos Reis, state of Rio de Janeiro) in order to evaluate differences within and among four populations. We used nine morphometric characters representing shell size and shape. To analyze shell morphology we considered aperture shape, sculpture of teleoconch, apex carving and position. The resulting dataset was correlated by Pearson´s linear correlation and shell differences among populations were tested using ANOVA and Discriminant Function Analysis. The results showed that there is significant variation among populations concerning shell shape and morphology. Shells from preserved localities (Praia do Sul and Parnaioca) and shells from highly modified environments (Vila do Abraão and Vila de Provetá) were the most similar to each other. Results from the visual assessment and from the discriminant analysis were almost identical. The shell indices are the most important variables in the differentiation of samples. The observed variation corroborates the hypothesis that G. ticaga displays phenotypic plasticity, which may lead to wrong identifications. Narrower shells with an elongate aperture could be misidentified as Ferrissia Walker, 1903 and, broader shells with a roundish aperture could be wrongly identified as Burnupia Walker, 1912. We confirmed that the absence of radial lines is not a good diagnostic character for G. ticaga. The analysis of the apical micro-sculpture and soft parts is essential for a correct identification.

OBJETIVO: Verificar a influência do tipo de aleitamento materno e da presença de anemia na mãe no nível de hemoglobina de lactentes aos 6 meses de idade. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, aninhado em estudo de intervenção de base comunitária, randomizado, controlado, que objetivou aumentar a duração do aleitamento materno exclusivo nos primeiros 6 meses de vida. O estudo foi realizado em quatro cidades do estado de Pernambuco, sendo os recém-nascidos recrutados no período de março a agosto de 2001. Seis meses após o parto, avaliou-se a concentração da hemoglobina de 330 mães/lactentes e o tipo de aleitamento. A identificação dos fatores que, de modo independente, contribuíram na concentração de hemoglobina das crianças foi realizada utilizando análise de regressão linear multivariada. RESULTADOS: O tipo de aleitamento não influenciou a concentração de hemoglobina na amostra como um todo. No entanto, ao se analisar o grupo de crianças em aleitamento exclusivo/predominante, verificou-se uma diferença significante na mediana da hemoglobina de 0,7 g/dL em detrimento das filhas de mães anêmicas. A hemoglobina materna, o tipo de piso da residência, o tipo de parto e o peso ao nascer contribuíram significantemente na variação da concentração de hemoglobina das crianças. CONCLUSÕES: Ao contrário do observado em relação ao tipo de aleitamento materno, a anemia materna exerceu influência sobre os valores de hemoglobina de lactentes aos 6 meses, mesmo quando consideradas apenas as crianças em aleitamento exclusivo/predominante, apontando para a necessidade de prevenção da anemia materna antes da concepção, durante a gravidez e na lactação.OBJECTIVE: To verify the influence of breastfeeding type and of maternal anemia on hemoglobin concentration in 6-month-old infants. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study nested in a community-based, randomized and controlled intervention study that aimed to prolong the duration of exclusive breastfeeding during the first 6 months of life. This study was conducted in four towns in the Brazilian state of Pernambuco and newborn infants were recruited from March to August of 2001. The hemoglobin concentrations of 330 mothers and infants were assayed and type of breastfeeding was assessed 6 months after delivery. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to identify factors that independently contributed to the infants hemoglobin concentration. RESULTS: The type of feeding had no influence on the hemoglobin concentration in the sample as a whole, however, there was a significant difference when the exclusive + predominant breastfeeding” subset of infants was analyzed, with the children of anemic mothers exhibiting a reduction of 0.7g/dL in median hemoglobin. Mothers hemoglobin level, type of flooring at home, type of delivery, and birthweight all significantly contributed to the variation in the infants hemoglobin concentration. CONCLUSIONS: In contrast with type of breastfeeding, maternal anemia did have an influence on the hemoglobin levels of 6-month-old infants, even when only children on exclusive + predominant breastfeeding” were analyzed. These findings highlight the need to prevent maternal anemia before conception, during pregnancy and throughout lactation.

Este artículo surge de resultados parciales de la investigación "Hacia una interpretación de la violencia en las clases de educación física escolar" desarrollada por un equipo de profesionales y de alumnos avanzados del Instituto de Formación Docente Continua en Educación Física. La misma se realizó en el segundo ciclo de escuelas primarias de la ciudad de Viedma, Río Negro. La necesidad de investigar la problemática de la violencia en las clases de educación física en el ámbito escolar tiene como propósito, conocer los factores que inciden en la generación de situaciones de violencia y la significación atribuida a este fenómeno desde aquellos que la actúan y viven, con la finalidad de proponer el desarrollo de estrategias tendientes a su prevención. Para el desarrollo de la investigación se adoptó una perspectiva cualitativa, ya que interesa investigar las singularidades, los sentidos y simbolizaciones puestos en juego, por cada alumno y grupo escolar en la clase de educación física.

En el marco del proyecto “Auxología humana, nivel socioeconómico familiar y hábitos alimentarios en Jujuy (Argentina)” y luego de estimar con técnicas antropométricas el estado nutricional de los alumnos concurrentes a la escuela Nº 430 del Barrio Norte de la capital jujeña, decidimos profundizar la investigación, buscando la interrelación con aspectos socioeconómicos y efectivas prácticas alimentarias. Para cumplir con este objetivo, recurrimos a instrumentos y técnicas de investigación que metodológicamente dieran cuenta de la complejidad del fenómeno. De este modo, se realizaron -en hogares seleccionados- entrevistas semiestructuradas dirigidas principalmente a aspectos sociodemográficos y socioeconómicos, y a continuación se aplicó anamnesis alimentaria a los/as encargados/as de la alimentación familiar. Luego del diseño, se efectuaron dos pruebas piloto, con la correspondiente adecuación de los instrumentos, surgiendo: a) la conveniencia de aplicar primero la entrevista para facilitar el diálogo con el informante, y luego la encuesta al permitir repreguntar y corroborar respuestas antes dadas; y b) la importancia de tener en cuenta la representación que el informante construye de su interlocutor y el rol que le asigna.

Desde la Biodemografía, los datos relativos a las uniones conyugales son importantes, en razón de su influencia en la estructura genética de las poblaciones. En el estudio de las migraciones de origen boliviano hacia Argentina -desde diferentes disciplinas- se han caracterizado a aquéllas como altamente endogámicas. De allí que nuestro objetivo fue explorar -desde una perspectiva antropológica- las prácticas matrimoniales de bolivianos residentes en la ciudad de San Salvador de Jujuy; para lo cual recurrimos a entrevistas en profundidad realizadas en el marco del proyecto “Los procesos de construcción/reconstrucción de identidades sociales y culturales en espacios fronterizos”. Encontramos 46% de uniones exógamas y 54% endógamas (24% constituidas en Argentina y 30 % en Bolivia); situación que no se correspondería con lo reportado para otras ciudades argentinas. Dinámica migratoria en espacios de frontera -como lo es Jujuy-, podría contribuir a la comprensión de lo hasta aquí observado.

In this paper, the last of a series dealing with the survey of freshwater gastropods of the state of Rio de Janeiro, the results of collections carried out in the Noroeste Fluminense Mesoregion from 2002 to 2005 are presented and revealed the occurrence of 20 species: Antillorbis nordestensis; Biomphalaria glabrata; B. straminea; B. tenagophila; Drepanotrema anatinum; D. cimex; D. depressissimum; D. lucidum; Ferrissia sp.; Gundlachia ticaga; Gundlachia sp.; Heleobia sp.; Idiopyrgus sp.; Lymnaea columella; Melanoides tuberculatus; Physa acuta; P. marmorata; Plesiophysa guadeloupensis; Pomacea lineata; and Pomacea sp. Concerning the snail hosts of schistosomiasis the three natural vectors were identified and, although no specimens were found harbouring larval forms of Schistosoma mansoni, different kinds of cercariae had been observed.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o impacto de treinamento baseado na Iniciativa Hospital Amigo da Criança sobre práticas relacionadas à amamentação na maternidade e freqüências de aleitamento materno nos primeiros 6 meses de vida. MÉTODOS: Foram treinadas 90% das auxiliares de enfermagem e parteiras de duas maternidades (A e B) de Palmares (PE). Foram entrevistadas 334 mães nas primeiras 48 horas e 10 dias após o parto, para avaliar práticas que estimulam a amamentação nas maternidades e o cumprimento do quarto ao 10º passo da Iniciativa Hospital Amigo da Criança. Uma subamostra de 166 mães recebeu sete visitas domiciliares, para avaliar as freqüências do aleitamento materno nos 6 primeiros meses de vida. Os resultados foram comparados com os de estudo de coorte realizado na área em 1998. RESULTADOS: O desempenho da maternidade B foi melhor que o da maternidade A quanto às práticas que promovem o aleitamento materno relacionadas aos passos avaliados e quanto às freqüências de amamentação exclusiva. Comparação com coorte histórica evidenciou melhora nas práticas relacionadas à amamentação nas maternidades e aumento nas freqüências do aleitamento materno exclusivo (de 21,2 para 70%), nas primeiras 48 horas após o parto e durante os 6 primeiros meses de vida. CONCLUSÕES: O treinamento promoveu mudanças parciais em algumas práticas relacionadas à amamentação, repercutindo de forma positiva sobre as freqüências de aleitamento materno e aleitamento materno exclusivo nas maternidades. Contudo, não houve mudanças expressivas nessas freqüências ao longo dos 6 meses de vida, sugerindo a necessidade de intervenções efetivas no apoio ao aleitamento exclusivo nos serviços de saúde e na comunidade.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of training based on the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative on breastfeeding practices in maternity wards and during the first 6 months of life. METHODS: Ninety percent of nursing auxiliaries and midwives were trained at two institutions (A and B) in Palmares, Pernambuco state. Three hundred and thirty-four mothers were interviewed within the first 48 hours and 10 days after childbirth to evaluate breastfeeding practices at the maternities and fulfillment of steps 4 through 10 of the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative. A subset of 166 mothers received seven home visits to evaluate breastfeeding practices throughout the first 6 months of life and to compare results with those of a cohort study conducted in the area in 1998. RESULTS: The performance of maternity B was significantly better than that of maternity A, from steps 4 to 10 and also in terms of exclusive breastfeeding and offering less water or tea to infants (p < 0.001). The comparison with a previous cohort study demonstrated an improvement in breastfeeding practices at the maternity wards and an increase of exclusive breastfeeding prevalence (from 21.2 to 70%), during the first 48 hours after delivery and throughout the first 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: The training promoted partial change to some practices related to breastfeeding, having a positive effect on total and exclusive breastfeeding at the maternity wards. However, there was no significant change to these practices over the first 6 months of life, suggesting the need for effective interventions to support exclusive breastfeeding in the health sector and in the community.

Se presenta una investigación acerca de las ideas previas sobre el tema cuerpos en movimiento, con las que los estudiantes inician un curso básico de Mecánica en el nivel universitario. El problema consistente en cuáles son los conceptos físicos específicos involucrados en las representaciones de los estudiantes acerca de dicho tema, fue abordado desde dos perspectivas: la de los investigadores, a través de una revisión de investigaciones publicadas sobre el tema, y desde la de los estudiantes, por medio del estudio de sus ideas y conceptualizaciones. La escasa coherencia y la diversidad de resultados encontrados en las investigaciones analizadas proveyeron pautas para abordar el problema desde una nueva perspectiva tanto teórica como metodológica. Se encontró que el concepto físico de cantidad de movimiento está presente en las preconcepciones de los estudiantes, aunque usen para referirse a él la palabra fuerza. El problema del conocimiento intuitivo estaría relacionado con cuestiones semánticas.

OBJETIVO: Identificar a relação entre os níveis de hemoglobina e o consumo de leite materno, alimentos complementares e líquidos não nutritivos no primeiro ano de vida. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal envolvendo 553 crianças menores de 12 meses de vida, que freqüentavam os serviços públicos de saúde. A concentração de hemoglobina foi avaliada pelo método cianometahemoglobina, usando-se o sistema HemoCue. Utilizou-se a técnica da regressão linear múltipla para avaliar as associações de interesse. RESULTADOS: Níveis de hemoglobina compatíveis com a anemia foram identificados em 62,8% das crianças investigadas, com maior ocorrência naquelas de seis a 12 meses de idade (72,6%). O aleitamento materno exclusivo nos primeiros seis meses de vida assegurou os mais elevados níveis de hemoglobina. Os demais regimes alimentares declinaram de maneira diferenciada os níveis de hemoglobina, que se tornaram compatíveis com a anemia quando o regime de aleitamento artificial foi adotado (p=0,009). O consumo de chá e/ou água declinou em 0,76 g/dl (pOBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between hemoglobin concentration and breastfeeding and complementary feeding during the first years of life. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with 553 children under age 12 months, who attended public healthcare facilities. Hemoglobin concentration was measured by the cyanmethaemoglobin method, using the HemoCue system. Associations of interest were analyzed through multiple linear regression. RESULTS: Hemoglobin concentrations compatible with anemia were identified in 62.8% of the children studied, with greater occurrence among the 6-12 months age group (72.6%). Exclusive breastfeeding during the first six months of life was associated with the highest levels of hemoglobin. The remaining feeding regimes were associated with different levels of reduction in hemoglobin levels, which became compatible with anemia in children fed with formula (p=0,009). Tea and/or water consumption was associated with a reduction in hemoglobin concentration of 0.76 g/dl (p

In this paper, the fifth of a series dealing with the survey of freshwater gastropods of the state of Rio de Janeiro, the results of collections carried out in the Norte Fluminense Mesoregion from 2002 to 2003 are presented and revealed the occurrence of 19 species: Antillorbis nordestensis; Burnupia sp.; Biomphalaria tenagophila; Drepanotrema anatinum; Drepanotrema cimex; Drepanotrema depressissimum; Drepanotrema lucidum; Ferrissia sp.; Gundlachia ticaga; Gundlachia sp.; Heleobia sp.; Hebetancylus moricandi; Idiopyrgus sp.; Lymnaea columella; Melanoides tuberculatus; Physa acuta; Physa marmorata; Pomacea sordida, and Pomacea sp. Concerning the snail hosts of Schistosoma mansoni only B. tenagophila was found, in contrast with other previuosly studied mesoregions.No specimens were found harbouring larval forms of S. mansoni although different kinds of cercariae had been observed.An account about the current schistosomiasis transmission sites in this Mesoregion is presented as well.

O Transtorno do Pânico tem sido um problema de saúde importante, apesar de não ser o transtorno ansioso mais freqüente. Ele está associado a uma diminuição marcante da qualidade de vida. No Transtorno do Pânico, é comum a procura contínua por serviços médicos em busca de uma explicação para os sintomas físicos e psicológicos apresentados. Entretanto, a falha no diagnóstico é habitual nestas situações, reforçando o comportamento de visitas repetidas a serviços médicos, aumentando os custos sociais e econômicos. Estes custos poderiam ser minimizados por meio de tratamentos bem estabelecidos e eficientes, como os tratamentos com medicamentos e psicoterapia comportamental-cognitiva. Estudos recentes mostraram que a combinação medicamentos antidepressivos e psicoterapia comportamental-cognitiva tem sido mais indicada pelos bons resultados obtidos. Este trabalho tem como objetivo discutir os principais modelos de tratamento para o Transtorno do Pânico.

In this paper, the third of a series dealing with the survey of freshwater gastropods of the state of Rio de Janeiro, the results of collections carried out in the Mesoregion Baixadas from 2000 to 2002 are presented. Twenty-two species, belonging to seven families, were found. As to the snail intermediate hosts of Schistosoma mansoni, the most frequent species was Biomphalaria tenagophila besides some new findings of Biomphalaria straminea. No specimens were found harboring larval forms of S. mansoni although different kinds of cercariae had been observed.

During the course of a survey carried out from 2000 to 2001 in the Centro Fluminense Mesoregion of the State of Rio de Janeiro 22 molluscan species were found. Many of the records are new due to the dearth of previous studies. Concerning the snail hosts of Schistosoma mansoni, the most frequently encountered species was Biomphalaria tenagophila, as it occurred in all the surveyed municipalities. There are new records of Biomphalaria straminea and Biomphalaria peregrina which is regarded as a potential intermediate host. Drepanotrema lucidum and Antillorbis nordestensis were found to be shedding echinostome cercariae and strigid cercariae respectively. An account about the current schistosomiasis transmission sites in this Mesoregion is presented as well.

The exploration of the photophysical properties of push–pull molecules incorporating pyrimidine rings as electron-attracting moieties in their structure continues to be a fascinating area of investigation. A thorough examination of these properties not only contributes to fundamental knowledge but also provides crucial insights for the rational design of emissive materials in prospective applications. In this context, this work conducts an in-depth analysis of four families of 4,6-bis(arylvinyl)pyrimidines, evaluating the influence of substituents on both the aryl groups and position 2 of the pyrimidine ring. While previous research has primarily focused on solution studies, this work emphasizes the importance of examining solid-state photophysics. Through a multidisciplinary approach encompassing optical techniques, x-ray diffraction, and quantum chemical calculations, a comprehensive understanding of the structure-property relationships is achieved. This study underscores the intricate interplay between molecular structure, aggregation, and fluorescence behavior in pyrimidines, offering valuable insights with broader implications beyond academic realms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is generally assumed that the toxicity of pyrethroid insecticides to birds is negligible, though few species have been tested. The oral acute toxicity of formulated beta-cyfluthrin was determined for canaries (Serinus sp.), shiny cowbirds (Molothrus bonariensis), and eared doves (Zenaida auriculata). Single doses were administered to adults by gavage. Approximate lethal doses 50 (LD50) and their confidence intervals were determined by approximate D-optimal design. Canaries were found to be substantially more sensitive to formulated beta-cyfluthrin (LD50=(170±41) mg/kg) than the other two species tested (LD50=(2234±544) mg/kg and LD50=(2271±433) mg/kg, resp.). The LD50 obtained for canaries was also considerably lower than typical toxicity values available in the literature for pyrethroids. This study emphasizes the need for testing a broader range of species with potentially toxic insecticides, using modern up and down test designs with minimal numbers of birds.

In the title compound, C10H10N4O4·0.5H2O, the two rings of the pteridine system are nearly coplanar [dihedral angle = 4.25 (9)°]. The atoms of the carboxyl group are also coplanar with the pteridine unit [r.m.s. deviation from the mean plane of the pteridine skeleton = 0.092 (2) Å]. In the crystal, the presence of the water molecule of crystallization (O atom site symmetry 2) leads to a hydrogen-bonding pattern different from the one shown by many carboxylic acid compounds (dimers formed through O—H...O hydrogen bonds between neighbouring carboxyl groups): in the present structure, the water molecule, which lies on a binary axis, acts as a bridge between two molecules, forming a hydrogen-bonded dimer. In addition to the hydrogen bonds, there are π–π ring stacking interactions involving the pyrimidine and pyrazine rings [centroid–centroid distance = 3.689 (1)Å], and two different pyrazine rings [centroid–centroid distance = 3.470 (1)Å]. Finally, there is a C—O...π contact involving a carboxylate C—O and the pyrimidine ring with a short O...Cg distance of 2.738 (2) Å.

The title compound, [Cu(C11H12N4O3)(C18H15P)2]PF6, is the third example reported in the literature of a five-coordinated CuIP2NO2 system. The metal is coordinated to both PPh3 molecules through the P atoms and to the pyrazine ring of the lumazine molecule through an N atom in a trigonal–planar arrangement; two additional coordinated O atoms, at Cu—O distances longer than 2.46 Å, complete the coordination. The coordination environment can be described as an intermediate square-pyramidal/trigonal–bipyramidal (SP/TBP) polyhedron.

O objetivo de nosso estudo é enfatizar a exuberante anarquia dos mecanismos imunológicos na síndrome de imunodeficiência adquirida. Tal anarquia propicia a eclosão de manifestações clínicas atípicas e, por vezes, bizarras, de difícil diagnóstico. No estudo em questão, chamamos a atenção para duas raras manifestações da doença: vasculite isolada do sistema nervoso central (SNC) e acometimento do> VIII nervo craniano, que exigem amplo diagnóstico diferencial, o que significa dizer intervenção de especialistas de diversas áreas. Após revisão da literatura, identificamos apenas dois casos de vasculite isolada do SNC induzida pelo vírus da imunodeficiência, humana e um caso de surdez neurossensorial comprovadamente ocasionada pelo retrovírus mencionado. Em passado longínquo, os médicos de boa formação clínica diziam ser necessário raciocinar «sifiliticamente» e hoje, diante de doença tão complexa e multissistêmica, nos parece necessário raciocinar «aideticamente».

OBJETIVO: Comparar la prevalencia y determinar los factores de riesgo asociados a la violencia entre las mujeres derechohabientes del IMSS y sin servicios de seguridad social (SSS). MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se analizó la información sobre violencia doméstica de la ENVIM notificada por las mujeres usuarias de los servicios de salud del IMSS y de la población femenina sin servicios de seguridad social SSA y seguro popular. El análisis bivariado y multivariado se realizó en STATA V.7. RESULTADOS: La prevalencia en mujeres derechohabientes del IMSS de violencia psicológica fue 18%; seguida por la física (9.1%); la sexual (6.7%) y la económica (5%). En mujeres sin seguridad social fue: psicológica (21.4%); física (10.5%); sexual (7.5%) y económica (5.2%). Las mujeres entre 25 y 44 años, con nivel secundaria o menor instrucción educativa, casadas, sufren de mayor violencia doméstica en ambas poblaciones. Los factores de riesgo identificados para los cuatro tipos de violencia fueron el consumo de alcohol en la pareja, las edades jóvenes, el estar casadas o en unión libre y el antecedente de violencia ejercida por los padres u otros miembros de la familia. CONCLUSIONES: La violencia es ligeramente mayor en mujeres sin seguridad social. El consumo diario de alcohol por su pareja es un factor de riesgo muy importante para cualquier tipo de violencia, en particular cuando el consumo es diario o casi habitual. La detección de la violencia doméstica en los servicios de salud es indispensable para conocer su magnitud como problema social.OBJECTIVE: To compare the prevalence of violence and determine its risk factors among women who use Mexican Social Services (IMSS) clinics and do not have access to social security services. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sociodemographic data linked to domestic violence reported by women attending the Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS) health services was analyzed. Bivariate and multivariate analysis was performed using STATA V.7. RESULTS: Psychological violence in IMSS women was 18% followed by physical violence (9.1%), sexual (6.7%) and economic (5%). Prevalence of violence in women with no social security care was psychological (21.4%), physical (10.5%), sexual (7.5%) and economical (5%). Women between 25 and 44 years of age with basic schooling and married and with family background of violence were the most affected. The daily consumption of alcohol by their partners was an important predictor of domestic violence. CONCLUSION: Violence in women with no social security is higher. Partner's alcohol intake pattern is an important risk factor. Detection of domestic violence in the clinical setting is necessary to recognize its real magnitude as a social problem.