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Topologically nontrivial materials host protected edge states associated with the bulk band inversion through the bulk-edge correspondence. Manipulating such edge states is highly desired for developing new functions and devices practically using their dissipation-less nature and spin-momentum locking. Here we introduce a transition-metal dichalcogenide VTe$_2$, that hosts a charge density wave (CDW) coupled with the band inversion involving V3$d$ and Te5$p$ orbitals. Spin- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with first-principles calculations reveal the huge anisotropic modification of the bulk electronic structure by the CDW formation, accompanying the selective disappearance of Dirac-type spin-polarized topological surface states that exist in the normal state. Thorough three dimensional investigation of bulk states indicates that the corresponding band inversion at the Brillouin zone boundary dissolves upon CDW formation, by transforming into anomalous flat bands. Our finding provides a new insight to the topological manipulation of matters by utilizing CDWs' flexible characters to external stimuli., Comment: 46 pages, 6 main figures, 12 supplementary figures

The low energy electronic structure of LaFeAsO1-xHx (0.0 < x < 0.60), the system which exhibits two superconducting domes in its phase diagram, is investigated by utilizing the laser photoemission spectroscopy. From the precise temperature-dependent measurement of the spectra near the Fermi level, we find the suppression of the density of states with cooling, namely the pseudogap formation, for all doping range. The pseudogap in the low x range (i.e. the first superconducting dome regime) gets suppressed with increasing x, more or less similarly to the previous results in F-doped LaFeAsO system. On the other hand, the pseudogap behavior in the second superconducting dome regime at high-x becomes stronger with increasing the H-doping level. The systematic doping dependence shows that the pseudogap is enhanced toward the both ends of the phase diagram where the different types of antiferromagnetic order exist., Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures

We investigate the in-plane anisotropy of Fe 3d orbitals occurring in a wide temperature and composition range of BaFe2(As1-xPx)2 system. By employing the angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, the lifting of degeneracy in dxz and dyz orbitals at the Brillouin zone corners can be obtained as a measure of the orbital anisotropy. In the underdoped regime, it starts to evolve on cooling from high temperatures above both antiferromagnetic and orthorhombic transitions. With increasing x, it well survives into the superconducting regime, but gradually gets suppressed and finally disappears around the non-superconducting transition (x = 0.7). The observed spontaneous in-plane orbital anisotropy, possibly coupled with anisotropic lattice and magnetic fluctuations, implies the rotational-symmetry broken electronic state working as the stage for the superconductivity in BaFe2(As1-xPx)2.

We investigate the electronic reconstruction across the tetragonal-orthorhombic structural transition in FeSe by employing polarization-dependent angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) on detwinned single crystals. Across the structural transition, the electronic structures around the G and M points are modified from four-fold to two-fold symmetry due to the lifting of degeneracy in dxz/dyz orbitals. The dxz band shifts upward at the G point while it moves downward at the M point, suggesting that the electronic structure of orthorhombic FeSe is characterized by a momentum-dependent sign-changing orbital polarization. The elongated directions of the elliptical Fermi surfaces (FSs) at the G and M points are rotated by 90 degrees with respect to each other, which may be related to the absence of the antiferromagnetic order in FeSe., Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures

We study superconducting FeSe (Tc = 9 K) exhibiting the tetragonal-orthorhombic structural transition (Ts = 90 K) without any antiferromagnetic ordering, by utilizing angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. In the detwinned orthorhombic state, the energy position of the dyz orbital band at the Brillouin zone corner is 50 meV higher than that of dxz, indicating the orbital order similar to NaFeAs and BaFe2As2 families. Evidence of orbital order also appears in the hole bands at the Brillouin zone center. Precisely measured temperature dependence using strain-free samples shows that the onset of the orbital ordering (To) occurs very close to Ts, thus suggesting that the electronic nematicity above Ts is considerably weaker in FeSe compared to BaFe2As2 family., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures

The nature of the pseudogap in high transition temperature (high-Tc) superconducting cuprates has been a major issue in condensed matter physics. It is still unclear whether the high-Tc superconductivity can be universally associated with the pseudogap formation. Here we provide direct evidence of the existence of the pseudogap phase via angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy in another family of high-Tc superconductor, iron-pnictides. Our results reveal a composition dependent pseudogap formation in the multi-band electronic structure of BaFe2(As1-xPx)2. The pseudogap develops well above the magnetostructural transition for low x, persists above the nonmagnetic superconducting dome for optimal x and is destroyed for x ~ 0.6, thus showing a notable similarity with cuprates. In addition, the pseudogap formation is accompanied by inequivalent energy shifts in xz/yz orbitals of iron atoms, indicative of a peculiar iron orbital ordering which breaks the four-fold rotational symmetry., Comment: 14 pages, 10 figures

In layered polar semiconductor BiTeI, giant Rashba-type spin-split band dispersions show up due to the crystal structure asymmetry and the strong spin-orbit interaction. Here we investigate the 3-dimensional (3D) bulk band structures of BiTeI using the bulk-sensitive $h\nu$-dependent soft x-ray angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (SX-ARPES). The obtained band structure is shown to be well reproducible by the first-principles calculations, with huge spin splittings of ${\sim}300$ meV at the conduction-band-minimum and valence-band-maximum located in the $k_z=\pi/c$ plane. It provides the first direct experimental evidence of the 3D Rashba-type spin splitting in a bulk compound., Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures

The X-ray spectrum in a $1^{\circ}\times1^{\circ}$ region of the Galactic center observed with the ASCA satellite is examined in detail, following the first report by Koyama et al. (1996, AAA 65.155.208). The observed spectrum contains prominent emission lines from helium-like and hydrogen-like ions of various elements, and is essentially the same all over the region. If the observed spectrum is thermal emission from hot plasmas, it requires multi-temperature plasma components, each at a different degree of ionization and with a different amount of absorption. The absence of adiabatic cooling and of systematic changes in the degree of ionization over the region is against the Galactic center origin of hot plasmas. A significant broadening of the helium-like and hydrogen-like iron K-lines is confirmed. The line width corresponds to a rms velocity of $\sim3300$ km~s$^{-1}$, which far exceeds the sound velocity in a plasma of $kT\sim14$ keV measured with the Ginga satellite. These facts cast doubt on a thermal origin of the observed X-ray emission., Comment: 12 pages, Latex

Earlier, using the X-ray satellite ASCA, we had identified the soft gamma-ray burst repeater (SGR) 1806-20 with a persistent X-ray source, AX 1805.7-2025 which is located close to the center of the radio supernova remnant G10.0-0.3. A burst seen by Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE) was shown to be centered on G10.0-0.3. Here we report detailed temporal and spectral analysis of the persistent source. We find that AX 1805.7-2025 is a very compact source, size less than 30 sec in diameter, with a power-law spectrum. The count rate from AX 1805.7-2025 is steady on timescales of minutes, days, and 1 week. Most supernova remnants have extended X-ray emission ascribed to shocked gas. We set an upper limit to an extended X-ray emission both in continuum and line emission. We conclude that an isolated neutron star, most likely a pulsar, powers the radio remnant G10.0-0.3. Finally, we note that the persistent spectrum appears to be less absorbed than the burst spectrum.