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Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) resins are widely used in medical and dental applications. Their susceptibility to bacterial biofilm formation poses significant challenges related to material degradation and infection risk. This study investigated the effects of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) biofilms on PMMA resin surface properties over a 45‐day period at 35°C. The study examined various parameters including biofilm adhesion, morphology, surface roughness, hydrophobicity, solid fraction, and zeta potential. PMMA resin specimens were inoculated with bacteria and incubated for 45 days. Biofilm adhesion was visually assessed, while surface characterization was conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), roughness analysis, contact angle measurements, solid fraction determination, and zeta potential analysis. The P. aeruginosa and S. aureus isolates were selected based on their biofilm‐positive characteristics, which were further confirmed using Congo red and biofilm formation assays through crystal violet staining and spectrophotometric analysis. The results demonstrated robust biofilm adhesion on PMMA surfaces. SEM and AFM imaging revealed textured surfaces with elevated structures and depressions within the biofilm matrix. Biofilm‐exposed resins exhibited significantly increased roughness (Ra = 164.5 nm, Rq = 169.5 nm) and hydrophobicity (mean angle = 85.5°−90.5°) compared to control samples (Ra = 38–50 nm, angle = 55°). Solid fraction measurements indicated a denser biofilm matrix on exposed resins (0.908) compared to controls (0.65). Additionally, zeta potential values were more negative for biofilm‐exposed resins (mean = −84.2 mV) than controls (−45.0 mV). These findings underscore the substantial alterations in PMMA resin surface properties induced by bacterial biofilms, emphasizing the critical need for strategies to prevent biofilm formation and mitigate associated risks in healthcare settings. Future research should focus on developing anti‐biofilm coatings or treatments to preserve the integrity and functionality of PMMA materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare maternal complications and labor outcome in obese and non-obese women. Materials and methods: It is a retrospective comparative study conducted at the Department of obstetrics and gynecology, Unit 1, Civil Hospital, Karachi from December 2008 to December 2009. A sample size of 220 gravid women is selected by Non Probability Convenience sampling technique. In these 110 obese women as cases was compared with 110 non-obese women as controls, booked at <20 weeks of gestation. Data were collected regarding maternal complication, mode of delivery and neonatal outcome by trained medical officers. Data were entered and analyzed by SPSS version 11.0 through descriptive analysis, chi-square test and independent sample t test. The p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Pregnancy induced hypertension was present in 9 (8.2%) women in control group and 21 (19.1%) in cases (p=0.01). Gestational diabetes was seen in one (0.9%) in control compared to 8 (7.3%) in obese women (p=0.01). Obese women were found to be at increased risk of caesarean section [17 (15.5%) Vs. 39 (35.4%), p=0.002]. Apgar score at 1 and 10 minute were lower in cases compared to controls (p=0.0001). Conclusion: Obese women are at increased risk of pregnancy induced obesity and associated with an increased risk of hypertension, gestational diabetes mellitus, thromboembolic disease and urinary tract infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine association between sideropaenic anaemia among women and adverse perinatal outcome., Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted at Civil Hospital a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, from February to August 2011, and comprised pregnant women. The participants were divided into two equal groups: those who had sideropaenic anaemia were in Group A, and those without it were in Group B. Data was collected by random choice (lottery) method. SPSS 13 was used for data analysis., Results: Of the 234 women, there were 117(50%) in each group. Besides, there were 130(55.5%) women aged 26-30 years, 62(26.5%) 21-25 years and 42(18%) 31-35 years. There were 78(66.7%) cases of preterm births in Group A compared to 23(19.7%) in Group B. Low birth weight was witnessed in 43(36.8%) cases in Group A and in 20(17.1%) cases in Group B. There were 8(6.8%) perinatal mortalities in Group A and 2(1.7%) in Group B. In Group A, 38(32.5%) cases showed Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration score <5 at 1 minute compared to 16(13.7%) cases in the other group. Similarly, the score <7 at 5 minutes was recorded in 25(21.4%) deliveries in Group A and 12(10.3%) in Group B., Conclusions: Sideropaenic anaemia was found to be an important risk factor for adverse perinatal outcome.