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1. An SiO Toroid and Wide-angle Outflow Associated with the Massive Protostar W75N(B)-VLA2

Author

José F. Gómez, José M. Torrelles, Josep M. Girart, Gabriele Surcis, Jeong-Sook Kim, Jorge Cantó, Guillem Anglada, Salvador Curiel, Wouter H. T. Vlemmings, Carlos Carrasco-González, Adriana R. Rodríguez-Kamenetzky, Soon-Wook Kim, Ciriaco Goddi, Huib J. van Langevelde, and Álvaro Sanchez-Monge

Subjects
Protostars, Stellar jets, Radio continuum emission, Circumstellar disks, Stellar winds, Star forming regions, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract

We have carried out Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations of the massive star-forming region W75N(B), which contains the massive protostars VLA1, VLA2, and VLA3. Particularly, VLA2 is an enigmatic protostar associated with a wind-driven H _2 O maser shell, which has evolved from an almost isotropic outflow to a collimated one in just 20 yr. The shell expansion seemed to be halted by an obstacle located to the northeast of VLA2. Here we present our findings from observing the 1.3 mm continuum and H _2 CO and SiO emission lines. Within a region of ∼30″ (∼39,000 au) diameter, we have detected 40 compact millimeter continuum sources, three of them coinciding with VLA1, VLA2, and VLA3. While the H _2 CO emission is mainly distributed in a fragmented structure around the three massive protostars, but without any of the main H _2 CO clumps spatially coinciding with them, the SiO is highly concentrated on VLA2, indicating the presence of very strong shocks generated near this protostar. The SiO emission is clearly resolved into an elongated structure (∼0.″6 × 0.″3; ∼780 au×390 au) perpendicular to the major axis of the wind-driven maser shell. The structure and kinematics of the SiO emission are consistent with a toroid and a wide-angle outflow surrounding a central mass of ∼10 M _⊙ , thus supporting previous theoretical predictions regarding the evolution of the outflow. Additionally, we have identified the expected location and estimated the gas density of the obstacle that is hindering the expansion of the maser shell.

Published
2023
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2. Overview of the Observing System and Initial Scientific Accomplishments of the East Asian VLBI Network (EAVN)

Author

Kazunori Akiyama, Juan-Carlos Algaba, Tao An, Keiichi Asada, Kitiyanee Asanok, Do-Young Byun, Thanapol Chanapote, Wen Chen, Zhong Chen, Xiaopeng Cheng, James O. Chibueze, Ilje Cho, Se-Hyung Cho, Hyun-Soo Chung, Lang Cui, Yuzhu Cui, Akihiro Doi, Jian Dong, Kenta Fujisawa, Wei Gou, Wen Guo, Kazuhiro Hada, Yoshiaki Hagiwara, Tomoya Hirota, Jeffrey A. Hodgson, Mareki Honma, Hiroshi Imai, Phrudth Jaroenjittichai, Wu Jiang, Yongbin Jiang, Yongchen Jiang, Takaaki Jike, Dong-Kyu Jung, Taehyun Jung, Noriyuki Kawaguchi, Dong-Jin Kim, Hyo-Ryoung Kim, Jaeheon Kim, Jeong-Sook Kim, Kee-Tae Kim, Soon-Wook Kim, Motoki Kino, Hideyuki Kobayashi, Shoko Koyama, Busaba H. Kramer, Jee-Won Lee, Jeong Ae Lee, Sang-Sung Lee, Sang Won Lee, Bin Li, Guanghui Li, Xiaofei Li, Zhixuan Li, Qinghui Liu, Xiang Liu, Ru-Sen Lu, Kazuhito Motogi, Masanori Nakamura, Kotaro Niinuma, Chungsik Oh, Hongjong Oh, Junghwan Oh, Se-Jin Oh, Tomoaki Oyama, Jongho Park, Saran Poshyachinda, Hyunwook Ro, Duk-Gyoo Roh, Wiphu Rujopakarn, Nobuyuki Sakai, Satoko Sawada-Satoh, Zhi-Qiang Shen, Katsunori M. Shibata, Bong Won Sohn, Boonrucksar Soonthornthum, Koichiro Sugiyama, Yunxia Sun, Mieko Takamura, Yoshihiro Tanabe, Fumie Tazaki, Sascha Trippe, Kiyoaki Wajima, Jinqing Wang, Na Wang, Shiqiang Wang, Xuezheng Wang, Bo Xia, Shuangjing Xu, Hao Yan, Wenjun Yang, Jae-Hwan Yeom, Kunwoo Yi, Sang-Oh Yi, Yoshinori Yonekura, Hasu Yoon, Linfeng Yu, Jianping Yuan, Youngjoo Yun, Bo Zhang, Hua Zhang, Yingkang Zhang, Guang-Yao Zhao, Rongbing Zhao, Weiye Zhong, and on behalf of the East Asian VLBI Network Collaboration

Subjects
active galactic nucleus, astrometry, evolved star, star-forming region, very long baseline interferometry, Astronomy, QB1-991
Abstract

The East Asian VLBI Network (EAVN) is an international VLBI facility in East Asia and is operated under mutual collaboration between East Asian countries, as well as part of Southeast Asian and European countries. EAVN currently consists of 16 radio telescopes and three correlators located in China, Japan, and Korea, and is operated mainly at three frequency bands, 6.7, 22, and 43 GHz with the longest baseline length of 5078 km, resulting in the highest angular resolution of 0.28 milliarcseconds at 43 GHz. One of distinct capabilities of EAVN is multi-frequency simultaneous data reception at nine telescopes, which enable us to employ the frequency phase transfer technique to obtain better sensitivity at higher observing frequencies. EAVN started its open-use program in the second half of 2018, providing a total observing time of more than 1100 h in a year. EAVN fills geographical gap in global VLBI array, resulting in enabling us to conduct contiguous high-resolution VLBI observations. EAVN has produced various scientific accomplishments especially in observations toward active galactic nuclei, evolved stars, and star-forming regions. These activities motivate us to initiate launch of the ’Global VLBI Alliance’ to provide an opportunity of VLBI observation with the longest baselines on the earth.

Published
2022
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3. Annealing Effect of ZnO Seed Layer on Enhancing Photocatalytic Activity of ZnO/TiO2 Nanostructure

Author

Woo-Young Kim, Soon-Wook Kim, Dae-Hwang Yoo, Eui Jung Kim, and Sung Hong Hahn

Subjects
Renewable energy sources, TJ807-830
Abstract

Zinc oxide (ZnO)/titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanorods have been synthesized via a hydrothermal method for ZnO nanorods and an electron-beam deposition for TiO2 nanorods. This work examined the effect of annealing ZnO seed layer on the photocatalytic activity of the ZnO/TiO2 nanorods which was determined from photodecomposition of methylene blue under UV irradiation. The photocatalytic activity of the ZnO/TiO2 nanorods was improved with increasing annealing temperature of the seed layer from 300°C to 500°C. Annealing the seed layer at 500°C showed the best photocatalytic activity resulting from high UV absorption ability, a large surface area with flower structure and copious oxygen defects which promote separation of electron-hole pairs reducing electron recombination. The prepared nanorods were characterized by field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence (PL), and UV-visible spectroscopy.

Published
2013
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6. Area-Selective Electroless Deposition of Cu for Hybrid Bonding

Author

Serena Iacovo, Fumihiro Inoue, Eric Beyne, Soon-Wook Kim, Zaid El-Mekki, and Herbert Struyf

Subjects
Bonding, Materials science, Annealing (metallurgy), Surface treatment, Polishing, Electroless deposition, Cu deposition, Electrical connection, Surface topography, Annealing, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Surfaces, Chemical-mechanical planarization, Deposition (phase transition), Dielectrics, Chemicals, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Composite material, Layer (electronics)
Abstract

This letter describes the use of area-selective electroless Cu deposition for topography control of Cu-SiCN hybrid bonding pads. The electroless deposition of Cu allows one to obtain protrusions on hybrid bonding Cu pads without further polishing optimization. A recessed Cu pad after chemical mechanical polishing becomes a protrusion after electroless deposition. This indicates that the electroless Cu film was selectively deposited on Cu, without deposition on the SiCN surface. A void-free Cu-Cu bonding interface was observed after annealing at 350 °C with an electroless Cu layer at the interface. 100% electrical connection was obtained at 1.4- μm pitch where the deposition thickness was on target.

Published
2021
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7. Spectral Inversion of 43 to 22 GHz During Small Flares in a Hard State of Cyg X-3 in February 2016

Author

Jeong Sook Kim and Soon-Wook Kim

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Physics, General Physics and Astronomy, Flux, 02 engineering and technology, Astrophysics, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Brightness temperature, 0103 physical sciences, Spectral slope, 0210 nano-technology, Spectral inversion, Radio astronomy
Abstract

We present simultaneous 22 and 43 GHz observations of the microquasar Cyg X-3 during a series of small-scale flaring activity in a hard state. In the end of January 2016, Cyg X-3 was in a state transition from a soft to hard state after a minimum hard X-ray flux at 15–50 keV. We have observed Cyg X-3 in 3–6 February immediately after Cyg X-3 went into the hard state. We found a series of episodic, low-flux flaring activity of < 500 mJy in the hard state at 22 and 43 GHz, simultaneously observed for the first time. The spectral slope was negative on 3 February, while there were the events of spectral inversion on 5 and 6 February, typical for a rise phase, indicating the optically thick emission, with an alternative possibility of a flat spectrum on 5 February. The previous observations of the small flares with the flux similar to our observation lasted < aday. The brightness temperature argument requires the time scale of such flares should be much less than a day for the flaring activity and associated jets to be non-thermal. Therefore, the flaring activity observed in 5 and 6 February would be more likely to be two separate flares of < 1 day in the rise, rather than a longer, single event.

Published
2020
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8. Characterizing the radio continuum nature of sources in the massive star-forming region W75N (B)

Author

Wouter Vlemmings, Jaeheon Kim, Jorge Cantó, N. Añez-López, G. Surcis, Soon-Wook Kim, Salvador Curiel, Adriana R Rodríguez-Kamenetzky, José-Luis Gómez, Ciriaco Goddi, Luis F. Rodríguez, Carlos Carrasco-González, José M. Torrelles, H. J. van Langevelde, ITA, ESP, ARG, KOR, NLD, SWE, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (Argentina), European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (México), and Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)

Subjects
HII regions, H II REGIONS, JETS AND OUTFLOWS [ISM], Astronomy, Young stellar object, Continuum (design consultancy), FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Stars: protostars, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], Herbig-Haro objects, 0103 physical sciences, MASSIVE [STARS], Protostar, Radio continuum: ISM, Angular resolution, Stars: massive, Herbig–Haro object, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Physics, PROTOSTARS [STARS], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.3 [https], Atacama Large Millimeter Array, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Wavelength, ISM: jets and outflows, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), HERBIG–HARO OBJECTS, Millimeter, ISM [RADIO CONTINUUM]
Abstract

The massive star-forming region W75N (B) is thought to host a cluster of massive protostars (VLA 1, VLA 2, and VLA 3) undergoing different evolutionary stages. In this work, we present radio continuum data with the highest sensitivity and angular resolution obtained to date in this region, using the VLA-A and covering a wide range of frequencies (4-48 GHz), which allowed us to study the morphology and the nature of the emission of the different radio continuum sources. We also performed complementary studies with multi-epoch Very Large Array (VLA) data and Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) archive data at 1.3 mm wavelength. We find that VLA 1 is driving a thermal radio jet at scales of approximate to 0.1 arcsec (approximate to 130 au), but also shows signs of an incipient hypercompact HII region at scales of less than or similar to 1 arcsec (less than or similar to 1300 au). VLA 3 is also driving a thermal radio jet at scales of a few tenths of arcsec (few hundred of au). We conclude that this jet is shock exciting the radio continuum sources Bc and VLA 4 (obscured Herbig-Haro objects), which show proper motions moving outward from VLA 3 at velocities of approximate to 112-118 km s(-1). We have also detected three new weak radio continuum sources, two of them associated with millimetre continuum cores observed with ALMA, suggesting that these two sources are also embedded young stellar objects in this massive star-forming region. © 2020 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society, The work of AR-K and CC-G was supported by Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico DGAPA-PAPIIT grant number IN108218. JC acknowledges support from grant PAPIIT-UNAM-IG100218. AR-K thanks the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient ' ificas y T ' ecnicas (CONICET) to support postdoctoral research. AR-K and JMT acknowledge support from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement number 734374 -Project acronym: LACEGAL. NA-L, JFG, and JMT are supported by the Spanish grant AYA201784390-C2-R (AEI/FEDER, UE). SC acknowledges support from DGAPA, UNAM and CONACYT, Mexico. JFG acknowledges financial support from the State Agency for Research of the SpanishMinisterio deCiencia, Innovacion yUniversidades (MCIU) through the `Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa' award for the Instituto de Astrof ' isica de Andaluc ' ia (SEV-2017-0709). This paper makes use of the following ALMA data: ADS/JAO.ALMA 2017.1.01593.S. ALMA is a partnership of ESO (representing its member states), NSF (USA) and NINS (Japan), together with NRC (Canada), MOST and ASIAA (Taiwan), and KASI (Republic of Korea), in cooperation with the Republic of Chile. The Joint ALMA Observatory is operated by ESO, AUI/NRAO and NAOJ.

Published
2020
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9. The unique properties of SiCN as bonding material for hybrid bonding

Author

Eric Beyne, Fuya Nagano, Lan Peng, Fumihiro Inoue, Serena Iacovo, Soon-Wook Kim, and Alain Phommahaxay

Subjects
Materials science, Thermal, Process control, Dielectric, Composite material
Abstract

Direct Cu-SiCN hybrid bonding is successfully realized by using a thermal budget of 250 °C. The excellent results should be attributed to the tight control on the different processing steps but also to the properties of the SiCN dielectric used as bonding material.

Published
2021
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10. Characterization of bonding activation sequences to enable ultra-low Cu/SiCN wafer level hybrid bonding

Author

Fuya Nagano, Serena Iacovo, Eric Beyne, Jürgen Burggraf, Thierry Conard, Joeri De Vos, Alain Phommahaxay, Andreas Fehkührer, Soon-Wook Kim, Fumihiro Inoue, Lan Peng, and Thomas Uhrmann

Subjects
Materials science, Passivation, Chemical engineering, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Bond strength, Annealing (metallurgy), Ellipsometry, Wafer, Dielectric, Bond energy
Abstract

A key factor enabling the reduction of the thermal budget in W2W bonding integration flows is the activation sequence, consisting of cleaning and plasma treatment, used before bonding. For hybrid bonding such activation sequence needs to be selected to fulfill multiple functions: activation of the dielectric bonding surface to obtain a high bonding energy during room temperature bonding, minimize the dielectric bonding annealing temperature while avoiding exposed Cu oxidation and reducing the required annealing temperature for proper Cu-to-Cu bonding. In this paper we discuss the effect of different wafer clean methods (Deionized (DI) water and citric acid) and the effect of different plasma treatments on SiCN and Cu surfaces before bonding. The characterization techniques used include XPS, TEM, ellipsometry, SAM, OES and wafer-to-wafer bond strength testing. It is observed that Nitrogen plasma treatment can help in reducing the CuOx and a mild passivation effect of the surface is observed. Whereas on the Cu pads citric acid, used just before bonding, appears a good option, since clear effectiveness in reducing the CuOx is observed, on the dielectric it may leave some residues which can result sometimes in bonding defects. Moreover, a metric to evaluate efficient SiCN-SiCN bonding is proposed and further understanding of the physical mechanisms involved in SiCN-SiCN bonding are suggested.

Published
2021
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11. Characterization of the DIMS system based on astronomical meteor techniques for macroscopic dark matter search

Author

Alberto Cellino, Hiroyuki Sagawa, Simone Valenti, Sachiko Tada, Daiki Shinto, F. Kajino, Mizuho Arahori, Soon-Wook Kim, Toshikazu Ebisuzaki, Glenn D. Starkman, Shinsuke Abe, Maria Hajdukova, Daniele Gardiol, Corbin Covault, Ryushin Ide, Dario Barghini, Marco Casolino, M. E. Bertaina, Yuichiro Tameda, John N. Matthews, Il Han Park, Kenji Shinozaki, Yoshiyuki Takizawa, Jagjit Singh Sidhu, Yugo Iwami, Lech Wiktor Piotrowski, Kaoru Nadamoto, and Yasunori Fujiwara

Subjects
Meteor (satellite), Physics, Dark matter, Astronomy, Characterization (materials science)
Published
2021

12. Fault Isolation of Resistive/Open 3-D Wafer Bonding Interconnects by Thermal Laser Stimulation and Light-Induced Capacitance Alteration

Author

Kristof J. P. Jacobs, Eric Beyne, I. De Wolf, and Soon-Wook Kim

Subjects
Thermal laser stimulation, Resistive touchscreen, Materials science, Wafer bonding, business.industry, Light induced, Optoelectronics, business, Capacitance, Fault detection and isolation
Abstract

This paper presents novel optical beam-based defect localization approaches for resistive and open failed wafer-towafer (W2W) bonding interconnects for 3-D integration. The use of an etch back process in combination with thermal laser stimulation (TLS) and light-induced capacitance alteration (LICA) using visible laser excitation enables us to accurately pinpoint defects in high-density W2W interconnect structures down to a pitch of 2.2 µm. We confirm our results by focusedion beam (FIB) cross sectioning.

Published
2020
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13. 3D Wafer-to-Wafer Bonding Thermal Resistance Comparison: Hybrid Cu/dielectric Bonding versus Dielectric via-last Bonding

Author

Joeri De Vos, Herman Oprins, Eric Beyne, T. Webers, Vladimir Cherman, Geert Van der Plas, and Soon-Wook Kim

Subjects
Materials science, Fabrication, Wafer bonding, Thermal resistance, Three-dimensional integrated circuit, 02 engineering and technology, Dielectric, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 020202 computer hardware & architecture, Stack (abstract data type), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Wafer, Composite material, 0210 nano-technology, Flip chip
Abstract

3D wafer-to-wafer bonding is a promising fabrication method to create 3D systems with a very high interconnect density. The thermal resistance of the 3D bonding interface can represent a significant contribution of the overall thermal resistance in the 3D chip stack and should therefore be accurately characterized. In this paper, we present the experimental characterization of two different types of 3D wafer-to-wafer bonding: Cu/dielectric hybrid bonding and via-last dielectric bonding. First, we introduce the wafer-level test vehicles and the characterization methodology for the analysis of both bonding interfaces. Then, we estimate the thermal resistance of the bonding interface based on a combination of temperature measurements and finite element thermal simulations. Benchmarking of the measurement results with available literature data on thermal resistance values of 3D interfaces shows that wafer-to-wafer bonding results in a reduction of the bonding layer thermal resistance of 5x and 20x for the hybrid bonding and dielectric bonding respectively, compared to the standard die-to-wafer bonding approach with micro-bumps and underfill.

Published
2020
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14. Novel Cu/SiCN surface topography control for 1 μm pitch hybrid wafer-to-wafer bonding

Author

Gerald Beyer, Andy Miller, Serena Iacovo, Joeri De Vos, Nancy Heylen, Soon-Wook Kim, Ferenc Fodor, and Eric Beyne

Subjects
Void (astronomy), Hybrid Bond, Materials science, business.industry, Atomic force microscopy, Wafer bonding, Acoustic microscopy, 02 engineering and technology, 020202 computer hardware & architecture, Chemical-mechanical planarization, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Optoelectronics, Wafer, business, Scaling
Abstract

This paper presents our approach to hybrid bond scaling to 1μm pitch and recent demonstration results. The direct wafer stacking of two Cu/SiCN surface is realized between slightly protruding Cu nano-pad on one wafer and slightly recessed, but larger, Cu nano-pad on the second wafer. The protruding nano-pad is tailored as smaller than the recessed nano-pad to compensate for the overlay tolerance in the wafer-to-wafer (W2W) bonding. To control the stability and performance of Cu nano-pad integration process, the intensive inline atomic force microscopy (AFM) and surface acoustic microscopy (SAM) characterization is used on various test structures before/after wafer bonding. The surface flatness should be less than 1 nm/μm to ensure void free bonding. This surface planarization is readily achieved for Cu pad densities up to 25%. Finally, we have demonstrated the high yield and low resistance performance across the 300mm wafer for hybrid bond pitches between 5 and 1μm.

Published
2020
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15. KVN observations reveal multiple γ-ray emission regions in 3C 84?

Author

Jae-Young Kim, Bindu Rani, Soon-Wook Kim, Juan-Carlos Algaba, Jeong-Sook Kim, Mark Gurwell, Sascha Trippe, Jong-Ho Park, Jeffrey A. Hodgson, Motoki Kino, Sincheol Kang, Sang-Sung Lee, Do-Young Byun, Guang-Yao Zhao, Kiyoaki Wajima, Atsushi Miyazaki, Junghwan Oh, and Dae-Won Kim

Subjects
Physics, Supermassive black hole, Active galactic nucleus, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gamma ray, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Intensity (physics), Wavelength, Space and Planetary Science, law, Coincident, 0103 physical sciences, Very-long-baseline interferometry, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Flare
Abstract

3C 84 (NGC 1275) is a well-studied mis-aligned Active Galactic Nucleus (AGN), which has been active in Gamma rays since at least 2008. We have monitored the source at four wavelengths (14 mm, 7 mm, 3 mm and 2 mm) using the Korean VLBI network (KVN) since 2013 as part of the interferometric monitoring of $\gamma$-ray bright AGN (iMOGABA) program. 3C 84 exhibits bright radio emission both near the central supermassive black hole (SMBH) feature known as C1 and from a moving feature located to the south known as C3. Other facilities have also detected these short-term variations above a slowly rising trend at shorter wavelengths, such as in Gamma ray and 1 mm total intensity light-curves. We find that the variations in the $\gamma$ rays and 1 mm total intensity light-curves are correlated, with the $\gamma$ rays leading and lagging the radio emission. Analysis of the 2 mm KVN data shows that both the Gamma rays and 1 mm total intensity short-term variations are better correlated with the SMBH region than C3, likely placing the short-term variations in C1. We interpret the emission as being due to the random alignment of spatially separated emission regions. We place the slowly rising trend in C3, consistent with previous results. Additionally, we report that since mid-2015, a large mm-wave radio flare has been occurring in C3, with a large Gamma ray flare coincident with the onset of this flare at all radio wavelengths.

Published
2018
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16. Chemical-hydrothermal synthesis of oval-shaped graphene/ZnO quantum hybrids and their photocatalytic performances

Author

Jin Suk Chung, Soon Wook Kim, Eui Jung Kim, Sung Hong Hahn, Seung Hyun Hur, Tri Khoa Nguyen, Doan Van Thuan, and Mingsong Wang

Subjects
Photoluminescence, Materials science, Hydrogen, Graphene, Process Chemistry and Technology, Inorganic chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, General Chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Photochemistry, 01 natural sciences, Catalysis, 0104 chemical sciences, law.invention, Electron transfer, Reaction rate constant, chemistry, law, Quantum dot, Photocatalysis, Hydrothermal synthesis, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

Oval-shaped graphene/ZnO quantum hybrid (GZQH) is synthesized via chemical-hydrothermal method and tested for the photoenhanced selective reduction of nitroarenes. A facile molecular fusion process is employed to produce graphene quantum dots (GQDs) from pyrene, which is followed by hydrothermal treatment with embryonic ZnO quantum dots (5 nm in size) to yield the GZQHs. Zn2 + ions on ZnO embryo react with a functional group of graphene, which forms Zn-O-C bonding leading to highly crystalline quantum hybrids with uniform interface. The GZQHs have a quenched photoluminescence intensity as compared to the GQDs (2 nm in size) due to electron transfer at the graphene-ZnO interface. Hydrogen molecules dissociate into hydrogen atoms by photogenerated electrons which transfer and perturb at the interface under UV irradiation. The GZQHs exhibit an excellent UV-induced catalytic performance for the selective reduction of nitroarenes. The effect of ZnO:graphene ratio on reduction reaction rate constant is also investigated.

Published
2017
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17. Photo-Enhanced Selective Reduction of Nitroarenes Over Pt/ZnO Catalyst

Author

Jin Suk Chung, Eui Jung Kim, Mingsong Wang, Soon Wook Kim, Nguyen Tri Khoa, Sung Hong Hahn, Seung Hyun Hur, and Doan Van Thuan

Subjects
Hydrogen, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, General Chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Photochemistry, 01 natural sciences, Electron transport chain, Catalysis, Dissociation (chemistry), 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Reaction rate constant, chemistry, Selective reduction, Irradiation, 0210 nano-technology, Organometallic chemistry
Abstract

Pt–ZnO hybrid catalysts were synthesized via a facile wet chemical method for use in the photoenhanced selective hydrogenation of nitroarenes. The Pt–ZnO hybrid exhibited a good catalytic performance under UV irradiation. The reaction rate constant for the reduction of o-nitroaniline was significantly increased more than eight times upon UV illumination. This resulted from the increased photo-excited electron transport from ZnO to Pt interface, making electrons strongly perturb at the Pt surface to enhance hydrogen dissociation. Furthermore, we investigated the durable cyclic catalytic performance of the Pt–ZnO hybrid.

Published
2017
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18. 3D-optimized SRAM Macro Design and Application to Memory-on-Logic 3D-IC at Advanced Nodes

Author

Julien Ryckaert, Eric Beyne, Rongmei Chen, G. Van der Plas, G. Sisto, Peter Debacker, Rogier Baert, Pieter Weckx, Soon-Wook Kim, Shairfe Muhammad Salahuddin, Michele Stucchi, M. H. Na, and Dragomir Milojevic

Subjects
Data memory, Computer science, business.industry, Embedded system, Three-dimensional integrated circuit, Parasitic extraction, Static random-access memory, Performance improvement, Routing (electronic design automation), Macro, business, Partition (database)
Abstract

We present local & global SRAM macro optimizations for 3nm FinFET and 2nm Nanosheet using Face-to-Face (F2F) and Wafer-to-Wafer (W2W) hybrid bonding at sub 1um pitch. Bonding pad parasitics are measured experimentally to calibrate RC models of the pad used to evaluate 3D-optimized memory macro delays. 3Doptimized macros are designed to reduce the macro external delay by ~50%. With customized SRAM BEOL, performance improvement of up to 70% for larger memories is observed compared with 2D macro. We also show that bit-cell tech-level optimizations have minor impact on the performance of large caches at advanced nodes due to high metal resistance in the macro global routing. Finally, at system-level we partition a L2 data memory (with 3D-optimized macro) from logic showing that the 3D implementation achieves a total of 33% performance gain with respect to a 2D implementation.

Published
2020
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20. Origin and Evolution of the Multi–band Variability in the Flat Spectrum Radio Source 4C 38.41

Author

Kiyoaki Wajima, Jongh-Ho Park, Soon-Wook Kim, Mark Gurwell, Do-Young Byun, Motoki Kino, Juan Carlos Algaba_Marcos, Jeffrey A. Hodgson, Sang-Sung Lee, Jeong-Sook Kim, Jae-Young Kim, Dae-Won Kim, Guang-Yao Zhao, Sascha Trippe, Bindu Rani, and Sincheol Kang

Subjects
Physics, Active galactic nucleus, Electromagnetic spectrum, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Quasar, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Synchrotron, Magnetic field, law.invention, law, Very-long-baseline interferometry, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Equipartition theorem, Flare
Abstract

The flat spectrum radio quasar 4C 38.41 showed a significant increase of its radio flux density during the period 2012 March - 2015 August which correlates with gamma-ray flaring activity. Multi-frequency simultaneous VLBI observations were conducted as part of the interferometric monitoring of gamma-ray bright active galactic nuclei (iMOGABA) program and supplemented with additional monitoring observations at various bands across the electromagnetic spectrum. The epochs of the maxima for the two largest gamma-ray flares coincide with the ejection of two respective new VLBI components and the evolution of the physical properties seem to be in agreement with the shock-in-jet model. Derived synchrotron self absorption magnetic fields, of the order of 0.1 mG, do not seem to dramatically change during the flares, and are much smaller, by a factor 10,000, than the estimated equipartition magnetic fields, indicating that the source of the flare may be associated with a particle dominated emitting region.

Published
2019
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21. Pre-bonding Characterization of SiCN Enabled Wafer Stacking

Author

Serena Iacovo, Erik Sleeckx, Joeri De Vos, Andy Miller, Lan Peng, Gerald Beyer, Eric Beyne, Soon-Wook Kim, and Fumihiro Inoue

Subjects
Atomic layer deposition, Materials science, Chemical engineering, Plasma activation, Plasma, Dielectric, Hafnium compounds, Wafer stacking, Deposition (law), Characterization (materials science)
Abstract

We present recent study in pre-bonding characterizations for SiCN-to-SiCN wafer stacking. An alternative approach is evaluated to quantify surface hydroxyl density on SiCN after plasma activation by HfO 2 deposition. In addition, in-depth analysis of plasma activation effects is employed prior to bonding by means of TEM. The characterization results complement the post-bonding behavior of SiCN dielectric which deviates from conventional SiO 2 -SiO 2 bonding.

Published
2019
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22. Direct Bonding of low Temperature Heterogeneous Dielectrics

Author

Alain Phommahaxay, Serena Iacovo, Andy Miller, Eric Beyne, G. Beyer, Soon-Wook Kim, Lan Peng, Erik Sleeckx, Fumihiro Inoue, and Patrick Verdonck

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Materials science, Bond strength, 02 engineering and technology, Direct bonding, Dielectric, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Quality (physics), 0103 physical sciences, Thermal, Deposition (phase transition), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Composite material, 0210 nano-technology, Layer (electronics)
Abstract

Nowadays, the direct bonding process is embedded in a BEOL manufacturing process where the maximum temperature is 400C. For certain applications there is the need to lower such thermal budget. One of the first process steps which will be modified will be the bonding layer deposition step as well as the densification step. It is known that by lowering the deposition temperature the quality of the dielectric will be decreased as well. This change will have a direct consequence on the bonding process which relies on the quality of the dielectric. It is found that if we use a post bond anneal temperature which exceeds the densification temperature voids originate at the bonding interface. By means of FTIR studies and ERD analysis the origin of the voids is tentatively ascribed to H or H related species. These findings provide a basic understanding on how to tune the deposition condition to select a proper low temperature dielectric which will enable us to obtain a good bonding uniformity and a good bond strength for the described application.

Published
2019
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23. Polyol-mediated synthesis of ZnO nanoparticle-assembled hollow spheres/nanorods and their photoanode performances

Author

Eui Jung Kim, Dinh Khoi Dang, Sung Hong Hahn, Soon Wook Kim, Tri Khoa Nguyen, Seung Hyun Hur, and Doan Van Thuan

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Materials science, General Chemical Engineering, Diethylene glycol, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, General Chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Catalysis, Dye-sensitized solar cell, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Polyol, Nanorod, SPHERES, 0210 nano-technology, Current density, Ethylene glycol
Abstract

ZnO nanoparticle-assembled hollow spheres (raspberry-like) and elliptical nanorods (rice-like) were synthesized via a facile polyol process. Employing ethylene glycol as a polyol led to a ZnO nanoparticle-assembled hollow sphere structure, while diethylene glycol resulted in an elliptical nanorod structure. The ZnO hollow spheres had a higher Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area, better dye adsorption, more incident light trapping, and lower defect density than the ZnO elliptical nanorods. The ZnO hollow sphere-based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) exhibited a three-times higher current density than the ZnO elliptical nanorod-based DSSCs.

Published
2016
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24. Effect of Annealing Time on the Performance of ZnO Nanoparticles-Assembled Microsphere-Based Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell

Author

Soon Wook Kim, Tri Khoa Nguyen, Su Min Choi, Eui Jung Kim, Yong Soo Kim, Sujung Park, Jong-Won Yun, Sung Hong Hahn, and Shinuk Cho

Subjects
Dye-sensitized solar cell, Materials science, Photoluminescence, Chemical engineering, Zno nanoparticles, Annealing (metallurgy), Dye adsorption, General Physics and Astronomy, Microsphere
Published
2016
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25. Flaring activity in 2008 VERA observation and classification of intraday radio flares in microquasar Cyg X-3

Author

Soon-Wook Kim and Jeong-Sook Kim

Subjects
Physics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, X-ray binary, General Physics and Astronomy, Astronomy, Context (language use), Astrophysics, Light curve, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Equal time, law, 0103 physical sciences, Very-long-baseline interferometry, Exponential decay, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Flare
Abstract

We present the intraday flaring activity of Cyg X-3 in the rise phase of a major flare observed in November-December 2008 at 22 GHz with the VLBI Exploration of Radio Astrometry (VERA). The two consecutive intraday flares with a time scale of ~ 3 - 4 hours are similar in their light curve morphologies. The intraday flares observed in 2008 are compared to other interferometric observations of intraday flares in Cyg X-3, as well as to those observed in GRS 1915+105. The intraday flares observed in Cyg X-3 can be classified into three types: flares with a fast rise and exponential decay (type A), flares with an almost equal time scale in the rise and decay (type B), and asymmetric flares with a slow rise and rapid decay (type C). Such types of intraday flares have also been observed in another representative microquasar GRS 1915+105, and are, therefore, a common characteristic in both microquasars. The long-term multiwavelengh light curves in 2007 and 2008 are similar except during a few-day-long transition from an unltrasoft to harder states. In the transition state, the intraday flares of type A were observed in the 2008 VERA observation whereas, in the 2007 VERA observation, a type C flare was observed, opposite to the flares observed in 2008. The 2007 observation is the only observation of a type C flare in Cyg X-3. A possible cause of the different types of intraday flares is briefly discussed in the context of the jet propagation process.

Published
2016
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26. Hierarchical ZnO nanosheets/nanodisks hydrothermally grown on microrod backbones

Author

Jong Won Yun, Sung Hong Hahn, Soon Wook Kim, Doan Van Thuan, Eui Jung Kim, and Nguyen Tri Khoa

Subjects
Nanostructure, Materials science, Precipitation (chemistry), Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Hydrothermal circulation, 0104 chemical sciences, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, law, Photocatalysis, General Materials Science, Crystallization, 0210 nano-technology, Dissolution, Nanosheet, Trisodium citrate
Abstract

We synthesized hierarchical ZnO nanosheets/nanodisks on microrod backbones via a hydrothermal process using trisodium citrate as a mediator. The trisodium citrate facilitated the formation of the nanosheet structure and induced dramatic transformation to nanodisk structure as reaction time elapses. The morphological, optical, and photocatalytic properties of ZnO nanosheets, nanosheets/nanodisks, and nanodisks coated microrods (NSMR, NSDMR, and NDMR) were investigated. The hierarchical structures on the MR were changed from NS, NSD, to ND with reaction time by crystallization, dissolution, and precipitation processes. The NDMR had a lower defect density and exhibited a better photocatalytic performance than the NSMR and NSDMR due to its excellent charge transfer.

Published
2016
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27. Ultra-violet imaging of the night-time earth by EUSO-Balloon towards space-based ultra-high energy cosmic ray observations

Author

A. Anzalone, Toshiyuki Nonaka, Javier Licandro, K. Benmessai, B. Beldjilali, E. Kuznetsov, N. Blanc, J. L. Marcos, G. Puehlhofer, T. Djemil, Toshiki Tajima, Giuseppe Giraudo, A. Kedadra, K. S. Caballero, M. Di Martino, M. Ave Pernas, S. Blin-Bondil, G. Cordero, H. Khales, L. Allen, P. Baragatti, A. Marini, Hitoshi Ohmori, Alberto Cellino, Hiroyuki Sagawa, I. Dutan, Yoshiya Kawasaki, T. Napolitano, malek mastafa, B. A. Khrenov, Sebastián Franchini, T. Paul, G. Cotto, C. De Donato, I. Stan, P. Gorodetzky, A. Pagliaro, S. Jeong, J. Watanabe, Piergiorgio Picozza, D. Allard, M. Suzuki, L. López Campano, Soon-Wook Kim, J. Rabanal, G. Osteria, Guillaume Prévôt, O. Larsson, L. R. Wiencke, A. Ebersoldt, Yoshio Arai, Francesca Bisconti, J. Hernández Carretero, Katsuhiko Tsuno, I. Kreykenbohm, D. Kolev, A. Radu, N. Tajima, M. Takeda, Shigehiro Nagataki, A. Guzmán, C. Lachaud, Christer Fuglesang, José Meseguer, A. Menshikov, Osvaldo Catalano, Silvia Ferrarese, R. Greg, J. Mimouni, C. González Alvarado, M. E. Bertaina, Valentina Scotti, M. Bogomilov, N. Mebarki, Y. Martín, C. De Santis, Ken'ichi Nomoto, G. Chiritoi, R. Attallah, N. Tone, K. Martens, Valerie Connaughton, Angel Sanz-Andrés, L. Marcelli, G. Masciantonio, I. S. Zgura, J. Tubbs, Hirohiko M. Shimizu, Austin Cummings, M. Wille, H. Krantz, F. Kajino, A. Jung, Y. Tsunesada, Y. Uchihori, A. La Barbera, H. Lahmar, Daisuke Yonetoku, G. Medina-Tanco, Mohammed Bakiri, Maciej Rybczyński, K. Kudela, J. F. Krizmanic, J. Genci, Konstantin Belov, F.J. Ronga, Yoshimasa Kurihara, C. Moretto, A. Diaz Damian, Jin Yong Lee, H. Schieler, Alfonso Monaco, Antonella Castellina, Mitsuteru Sato, N. Inoue, L. del Peral, A. Franceschi, E. Parizot, Z. Polonsky, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, T. Shirahama, T. Jammer, Santiago Pindado, Junpei Fujimoto, G. Abdellaoui, L. Villaseñor, Y. Hachisu, G. Roudil, H. Tokuno, Pavol Bobik, F. Perfetto, Hajime Yano, O. Martinez, Bruno Spataro, Tokonatsu Yamamoto, S. Kalli, M. Yu. Zotov, John N. Matthews, Katsuaki Asano, Estíbaliz Gascón, B. Harlov, Carlo Vigorito, Roberto Bellotti, K. Mase, R. Nava, B. Pastirčák, J. Watts, E. Bozzo, S. Turriziani, Toshikazu Ebisuzaki, M. A. Mendoza, Pierre Barrillon, S. Briz, Eduardo García-Ortega, M. Sanz Palomino, E. M. Popescu, Barbara Szabelska, W. Painter, James H. Adams, Sergei A. Sharakin, Rossella Caruso, M. Vrabel, P. Prat, Francesco Isgrò, S. Bartocci, M. Traïche, Josef Jochum, Piero Vallania, M. D. Sabau, Z. Sahnoune, J. A. Morales de los Ríos, T. Peter, S. Naitamor, R. Tsenov, Tomás Belenguer, J. C. Sanchez Balanzar, Gustavo Alonso, F. Cafagna, W. Marszał, Satoshi Wada, Toshitaka Kajino, Piotr Orleanski, J.N. Capdevielle, R. Young, D. Campana, F. Lakhdari, T. Ogawa, W. Hidber Cruz, Thomas Schanz, Daisuke Ikeda, E. Joven, Inkyu Park, N. Belkhalfa, Francesca Capel, P. Galeotti, A. Pollini, Pavel Klimov, B. Panico, M. C. Talai, S. Bacholle, A. J. de Castro, M. Putis, M. Haiduc, Lech Wiktor Piotrowski, Susumu Inoue, S. S. Meyer, Francesco Fenu, S. B. Thomas, H. Miyamoto, Livio Conti, Angela V. Olinto, H. Attoui, Ovidiu Vaduvescu, C. Tenzer, T. Sugiyama, J. Błȩcki, Sergio Fernández-González, R. Matev, J. F. Valdés-Galicia, J. Bayer, Claudio Cassardo, Andrea Santangelo, A. Neronov, L. G. Tkachev, Simona Toscano, A. Weindl, A. Zuccaro Marchi, M. C. Maccarone, M. Fouka, S. Mackovjak, S. Yoshida, J. Szabelski, L. Caramete, Jörn Wilms, Takayuki Tomida, Dmitri Semikoz, C. de la Taille, Naoto Sakaki, C. Catalano, G. Vankova, D. Supanitsky, Mark Christl, O. Tibolla, O. A. Saprykin, Yoshitaka Itow, K. Katahira, A. Belov, H. Prieto, A. Caramete, R. Cremonini, Andrés Merino, Hajime Takami, F. López, M. Rezazadeh, S. Selmane, D. Maravilla, S. Biktemerova, Masaki Fukushima, E. G. Judd, Isabel Pérez-Grande, Shinsuke Abe, P. Carlson, F. Sarazin, A. Haungs, S. Piraino, Kenji Shinozaki, Zbigniew Wlodarczyk, H. J. Crawford, Gali Garipov, Marc Weber, R. Weigand Muñoz, A. Kusenko, S. Pliego, M. Martucci, Shoichi Ogio, Y. Karadzhov, M. Flamini, J. Yang, B. Vlcek, Y. Takizawa, Amine Ahriche, L. Placidi, P. L. Biermann, M. D. Rodríguez Frías, M. Kleifges, I. Rusinov, Z. Plebaniak, I. V. Yashin, K. Kawai, Michiyuki Chikawa, Marcos Reyes, Akinori Saito, S. E. Csorna, Johannes Eser, M. Serra, Luis A. Anchordoqui, A. Bruno, Jeong-Sook Kim, I. Kaneko, T. Patzak, Yoshihiko Mizumoto, J. Karczmarczyk, G. Sáez Cano, Fausto Guarino, P. von Ballmoos, M. Ricci, S. Dagoret-Campagne, Yukihiro Takahashi, José Luis Sánchez, Marco Casolino, Claudio Fornaro, Mikhail Panasyuk, Ralph Engel, Takahiro Fujii, M. Mahdi, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Organisation de Micro-Électronique Générale Avancée (OMEGA), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Abdellaoui, G., Abe, S., Adams, J. H., Ahriche, A., Allard, D., Allen, L., Alonso, G., Anchordoqui, L., Anzalone, A., Arai, Y., Asano, K., Attallah, R., Attoui, H., Ave Pernas, M., Bacholle, S., Bakiri, M., Baragatti, P., Barrillon, P., Bartocci, S., Bayer, J., Beldjilali, B., Belenguer, T., Belkhalfa, N., Bellotti, R., Belov, A., Belov, K., Benmessai, K., Bertaina, M., Biermann, P. L., Biktemerova, S., Bisconti, F., Blanc, N., Blecki, J., Blin-Bondil, S., Bobik, P., Bogomilov, M., Bozzo, E., Briz, S., Bruno, A., Caballero, K. S., Cafagna, F., Campana, D., Capdevielle, J. -N., Capel, F., Caramete, A., Caramete, L., Carlson, P., Caruso, R., Casolino, M., Cassardo, C., Castellina, A., Catalano, C., Catalano, O., Cellino, A., Chikawa, M., Chiritoi, G., Christl, M. J., Connaughton, V., Conti, L., Cordero, G., Cotto, G., Crawford, H. J., Cremonini, R., Csorna, S., Cummings, A., Dagoret-Campagne, S., de Castro, A. J., De Donato, C., de la Taille, C., De Santis, C., del Peral, L., Di Martino, M., Diaz Damian, A., Djemil, T., Dutan, I., Ebersoldt, A., Ebisuzaki, T., Engel, R., Eser, J., Fenu, F., Fernandez-Gonzalez, S., Ferrarese, S., Flamini, M., Fornaro, C., Fouka, M., Franceschi, A., Franchini, S., Fuglesang, C., Fujii, T., Fujimoto, J., Fukushima, M., Galeotti, P., Garcia-Ortega, E., Garipov, G., Gascon, E., Genci, J., Giraudo, G., Gonzalez Alvarado, C., Gorodetzky, P., Greg, R., Guarino, F., Guzman, A., Hachisu, Y., Haiduc, M., Harlov, B., Haungs, A., Hernandez Carretero, J., Hidber Cruz, W., Ikeda, D., Inoue, N., Inoue, S., Isgro, F., Itow, Y., Jammer, T., Jeong, S., Joven, E., Judd, E. G., Jung, A., Jochum, J., Kajino, F., Kajino, T., Kalli, S., Kaneko, I., Karadzhov, Y., Karczmarczyk, J., Katahira, K., Kawai, K., Kawasaki, Y., Kedadra, A., Khales, H., Khrenov, B. A., Kim, J. -S., Kim, S. -W., Kleifges, M., Klimov, P. A., Kolev, D., Krantz, H., Kreykenbohm, I., Krizmanic, J. F., Kudela, K., Kurihara, Y., Kusenko, A., Kuznetsov, E., La Barbera, A., Lachaud, C., Lahmar, H., Lakhdari, F., Larsson, O., Lee, J., Licandro, J., Lopez Campano, L., Lopez, F., Maccarone, M. C., Mackovjak, S., Mahdi, M., Maravilla, D., Marcelli, L., Marcos, J. L., Marini, A., Marszal, W., Martens, K., Martin, Y., Martinez, O., Martucci, M., Masciantonio, G., Mase, K., Mastafa, M., Matev, R., Matthews, J. N., Mebarki, N., Medina-Tanco, G., Mendoza, M. A., Menshikov, A., Merino, A., Meseguer, J., Meyer, S. S., Mimouni, J., Miyamoto, H., Mizumoto, Y., Monaco, A., Morales de los Rios, J. A., Moretto, C., Nagataki, S., Naitamor, S., Napolitano, T., Nava, R., Neronov, A., Nomoto, K., Nonaka, T., Ogawa, T., Ogio, S., Ohmori, H., Olinto, A. V., Orleanski, P., Osteria, G., Pagliaro, A., Painter, W., Panasyuk, M. I., Panico, Beatrice, Parizot, E., Park, I. H., Pastircak, B., Patzak, T., Paul, T., Perez-Grande, I., Perfetto, F., Peter, T., Picozza, P., Pindado, S., Piotrowski, L. W., Piraino, S., Placidi, L., Plebaniak, Z., Pliego, S., Pollini, A., Polonsky, Z., Popescu, E. M., Prat, P., Prevot, G., Prieto, H., Puehlhofer, G., Putis, M., Rabanal, J., Radu, A. A., Reyes, M., Rezazadeh, M., Ricci, M., Rodriguez Frias, M. D., Ronga, F., Roudil, G., Rusinov, I., Rybczynski, M., Sabau, M. D., Saez Cano, G., Sagawa, H., Sahnoune, Z., Saito, A., Sakaki, N., Salazar, H., Sanchez Balanzar, J. C., Sanchez, J. L., Santangelo, A., Sanz-Andres, A., Sanz Palomino, M., Saprykin, O., Sarazin, F., Sato, M., Schanz, T., Schieler, H., Scotti, V., Selmane, S., Semikoz, D., Serra, M., Sharakin, S., Shimizu, H. M., Shinozaki, K., Shirahama, T., Spataro, B., Stan, I., Sugiyama, T., Supanitsky, D., Suzuki, M., Szabelska, B., Szabelski, J., Tajima, N., Tajima, T., Takahashi, Y., Takami, H., Takeda, M., Takizawa, Y., Talai, M. C., Tenzer, C., Thomas, S. B., Tibolla, O., Tkachev, L., Tokuno, H., Tomida, T., Tone, N., Toscano, S., Traiche, M., Tsenov, R., Tsunesada, Y., Tsuno, K., Tubbs, J., Turriziani, S., Uchihori, Y., Vaduvescu, O., Valdes-Galicia, J. F., Vallania, P., Vankova, G., Vigorito, C., Villasenor, L., Vlcek, B., von Ballmoos, P., Vrabel, M., Wada, S., Watanabe, J., Watts, J., Weber, M., Weigand Munoz, R., Weindl, A., Wiencke, L., Wille, M., Wilms, J., Wlodarczyk, Z., Yamamoto, T., Yang, J., Yano, H., Yashin, I. V., Yonetoku, D., Yoshida, S., Young, R., Zgura, I. S., Zotov, M. Y., Zuccaro Marchi, A., Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
lens, air, media_common.quotation_subject, tube, JEM-EUSO, Extensive air shower, Airglow, EUSO-Balloon, Ultra-high energy cosmic ray, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, detector: fluorescence, Aeronáutica, pixel, 0103 physical sciences, ultraviolet, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, cosmic radiation: UHE, backscatter, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, particle source, Astrophysique, media_common, Physics, COSMIC cancer database, showers: atmosphere, Settore FIS/05, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, background, photon, Astronomy, imaging, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astronomie, Photon counting, Universe, observatory, Pathfinder, Refracting telescope, trajectory, Trajectory, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], satellite: orbit
Abstract

The JEM-EUSO (Joint Experiment Missions for the Extreme Universe Space Observatory) program aims at developing Ultra-Violet (UV) fluorescence telescopes for efficient detections of Extensive Air Showers (EASs) induced by Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs) from satellite orbit. In order to demonstrate key technologies for JEM-EUSO, we constructed the EUSO-Balloon instrument that consists of a ∼1 m 2 refractive telescope with two Fresnel lenses and an array of multi-anode photo-multiplier tubes at the focus. Distinguishing it from the former balloon-borne experiments, EUSO-Balloon has the capabilities of single photon counting with a gate time of 2.3 µs and of imaging with a total of 2304 pixels. As a pathfinder mission, the instrument was launched for an 8 h stratospheric flight on a moonless night in August 2014 over Timmins, Canada. In this work, we analyze the count rates over ∼2.5 h intervals. The measurements are of diffuse light, e.g. of airglow emission, back-scattered from the Earth's atmosphere as well as artificial light sources. Count rates from such diffuse light are a background for EAS detections in future missions and relevant factor for the analysis of EAS events. We also obtain the geographical distribution of the count rates over a ∼780 km 2 area along the balloon trajectory. In developed areas, light sources such as the airport, mines, and factories are clearly identified. This demonstrates the correct location of signals that will be required for the EAS analysis in future missions. Although a precise determination of count rates is relevant for the existing instruments, the absolute intensity of diffuse light is deduced for the limited conditions by assuming spectra models and considering simulations of the instrument response. Based on the study of diffuse light by EUSO-Balloon, we also discuss the implications for coming pathfinders and future space-based UHECR observation missions., 0, SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2019
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28. Detection of Local Cu-to-Cu Bonding Defects in Wafer-to-Wafer Hybrid Bonding Using GHz-SAM

Author

Michael Kögel, Eric Beyne, Tatjana Djuric-Rissner, Ingrid De Wolf, Soon-Wook Kim, Ingo Wiesler, Sebastian Brand, and A. Khaled

Subjects
Materials science, business.industry, Optoelectronics, Wafer, business
Abstract

This paper demonstrates the application of GHz-SAM for the detection of local non-bonded regions between micron-sized Cu-pads in a wafer-to-wafer hybrid bonded sample. GHz-SAM is currently the only available non-destructive failure analysis technique that can offer this information on wafer level scale, with such high resolution.

Published
2018
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29. First observations of speed of light tracks by a fluorescence detector looking down on the atmosphere

Author

G. Abdellaoui, S. Abe, J.H. Adams Jr., A. Ahriche, D. Allard, L. Allen, G. Alonso, L. Anchordoqui, A. Anzalone, Y. Arai, K. Asano, R. Attallah, H. Attoui, M. Ave Pernas, S. Bacholle, M. Bakiri, P. Baragatti, P. Barrillon, S. Bartocci, J. Bayer, B. Beldjilali, T. Belenguer, N. Belkhalfa, R. Bellotti, A. Belov, K. Belov, K. Benmessai, M. Bertaina, P.L. Biermann, S. Biktemerova, F. Bisconti, N. Blanc, J. Błȩcki, S. Blin-Bondil, P. Bobik, M. Bogomilov, E. Bozzo, A. Bruno, K.S. Caballero, F. Cafagna, D. Campana, J-N. Capdevielle, F. Capel, A. Caramete, L. Caramete, P. Carlson, R. Caruso, M. Casolino, C. Cassardo, A. Castellina, C. Catalano, O. Catalano, A. Cellino, M. Chikawa, G. Chiritoi, M.J. Christl, V. Connaughton, L. Conti, G. Cordero, G. Cotto, H.J. Crawford, R. Cremonini, S. Csorna, A. Cummings, S. Dagoret-Campagne, C. De Donato, C. de la Taille, C. De Santis, L. del Peral, M. Di Martino, A. Diaz Damian, T. Djemil, I. Dutan, A. Ebersoldt, T. Ebisuzaki, R. Engel, J. Eser, F. Fenu, S. Fernández-González, J. Fernández-Soriano, S. Ferrarese, M. Flamini, C. Fornaro, M. Fouka, A. Franceschi, S. Franchini, C. Fuglesang, T. Fujii, J. Fujimoto, M. Fukushima, P. Galeotti, E. García-Ortega, G. Garipov, E. Gascón, J. Genci, G. Giraudo, C. González Alvarado, P. Gorodetzky, R. Greg, F. Guarino, A. Guzmán, Y. Hachisu, M. Haiduc, B. Harlov, A. Haungs, J. Hernández Carretero, W. Hidber Cruz, D. Ikeda, N. Inoue, S. Inoue, F. Isgrò, Y. Itow, T. Jammer, S. Jeong, E. Joven, E.G. Judd, A. Jung, J. Jochum, F. Kajino, T. Kajino, S. Kalli, I. Kaneko, Y. Karadzhov, J. Karczmarczyk, K. Katahira, K. Kawai, Y. Kawasaki, A. Kedadra, H. Khales, B.A. Khrenov, Jeong-Sook Kim, Soon-Wook Kim, M. Kleifges, P.A. Klimov, D. Kolev, H. Krantz, I. Kreykenbohm, K. Kudela, Y. Kurihara, A. Kusenko, E. Kuznetsov, A. La Barbera, C. Lachaud, H. Lahmar, F. Lakhdari, R. Larson, O. Larsson, J. Lee, J. Licandro, L. López Campano, M.C. Maccarone, S. Mackovjak, M. Mahdi, D. Maravilla, L. Marcelli, J.L. Marcos, A. Marini, W. Marszał, K. Martens, Y. Martín, O. Martinez, M. Martucci, G. Masciantonio, K. Mase, M. Mastafa, R. Matev, J.N. Matthews, N. Mebarki, G. Medina-Tanco, M.A. Mendoza, A. Menshikov, A. Merino, J. Meseguer, S.S. Meyer, J. Mimouni, H. Miyamoto, Y. Mizumoto, A. Monaco, J.A. Morales de los Ríos, C. Moretto, S. Nagataki, S. Naitamor, T. Napolitano, W. Naslund, R. Nava, A. Neronov, K. Nomoto, T. Nonaka, T. Ogawa, S. Ogio, H. Ohmori, A.V. Olinto, P. Orleański, G. Osteria, A. Pagliaro, W. Painter, M.I. Panasyuk, B. Panico, G. Pasqualino, E. Parizot, I.H. Park, B. Pastircak, T. Patzak, T. Paul, I. Pérez-Grande, F. Perfetto, T. Peter, P. Picozza, S. Pindado, L.W. Piotrowski, S. Piraino, L. Placidi, Z. Plebaniak, S. Pliego, A. Pollini, Z. Polonski, E.M. Popescu, P. Prat, G. Prévôt, H. Prieto, G. Puehlhofer, M. Putis, J. Rabanal, A.A. Radu, M. Reyes, M. Rezazadeh, M. Ricci, M.D. Rodríguez Frías, M. Rodencal, F. Ronga, G. Roudil, I. Rusinov, M. Rybczyński, M.D. Sabau, G. Sáez Cano, H. Sagawa, Z. Sahnoune, A. Saito, N. Sakaki, H. Salazar, J.C. Sanchez Balanzar, J.L. Sánchez, A. Santangelo, A. Sanz-Andrés, M. Sanz Palomino, O. Saprykin, F. Sarazin, M. Sato, T. Schanz, H. Schieler, V. Scotti, S. Selmane, D. Semikoz, M. Serra, S. Sharakin, H.M. Shimizu, K. Shinozaki, T. Shirahama, B. Spataro, I. Stan, T. Sugiyama, D. Supanitsky, M. Suzuki, B. Szabelska, J. Szabelski, N. Tajima, T. Tajima, Y. Takahashi, H. Takami, M. Takeda, Y. Takizawa, M.C. Talai, C. Tenzer, S.B. Thomas, O. Tibolla, L. Tkachev, H. Tokuno, T. Tomida, N. Tone, S. Toscano, M. Traïche, R. Tsenov, Y. Tsunesada, K. Tsuno, J. Tubbs, S. Turriziani, Y. Uchihori, O. Vaduvescu, J.F. Valdés-Galicia, P. Vallania, G. Vankova, C. Vigorito, L. Villaseñor, B. Vlcek, P. von Ballmoos, M. Vrabel, S. Wada, J. Watanabe, J. Watts Jr., M. Weber, R. Weigand Muñoz, A. Weindl, L. Wiencke, M. Wille, J. Wilms, Z. Włodarczyk, T. Yamamoto, J. Yang, H. Yano, I.V. Yashin, D. Yonetoku, S. Yoshida, R. Young, I.S Zgura, M.Yu. Zotov, A. Zuccaro Marchi, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Organisation de Micro-Électronique Générale Avancée (OMEGA), École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), JEM-EUSO, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Abdellaoui, G., Abe, S., Adams, J., Ahriche, A., Allard, D., Allen, L., Alonso, G., Anchordoqui, L., Anzalone, A., Arai, Y., Asano, K., Attallah, R., Attoui, H., Ave Pernas, M., Bacholle, S., Bakiri, M., Baragatti, P., Barrillon, P., Bartocci, S., Bayer, J., Beldjilali, B., Belenguer, T., Belkhalfa, N., Bellotti, R., Belov, A., Belov, K., Belz, J. W., Benmessai, K., Bertaina, M., Biermann, P. L., Biktemerova, S., Bisconti, F., Blanc, N., Blecki, J., Blin-Bondil, S., Bobik, P., Bogomilov, M., Bozzo, E., Bruno, A., Caballero, K. S., Cafagna, F., Campana, D., Capdevielle, J-N., Capel, F., Caramete, A., Caramete, L., Carlson, P., Caruso, R., Casolino, M., Cassardo, C., Castellina, A., Catalano, O., Cellino, A., Chikawa, M., Chiritoi, G., Christl, M. J., Connaughton, V., Conti, L., Cordero, G., Cotto, G., Crawford, H. J., Cremonini, R., Csorna, S., Cummings, A., Dagoret-Campagne, S., De Donato, C., de la Taille, C., De Santis, C., del Peral, L., Di Martino, M., Djemil, T., Dutan, I., Ebersoldt, A., Ebisuzaki, T., Engel, R., Eser, J., Fenu, F., Fernández-González, S., Fernández-Soriano, J., Ferrarese, S., Flamini, M., Fornaro, C., Fouka, M., Franceschi, A., Franchini, S., Fuglesang, C., Fujii, T., Fujimoto, J., Fukushima, M., Galeotti, P., García-Ortega, E., Garipov, G., Gascón, E., Genci, J., Giraudo, G., González Alvarado, C., Gorodetzky, P., Greg, R., Guarino, F., Guzmán, A., Hachisu, Y., Haiduc, M., Harlov, B., Haungs, A., Hernández Carretero, J., Hidber Cruz, W., Ikeda, D., Inoue, N., Inoue, S., Isgrò, F., Itow, Y., Jammer, T., Jeong, S., Joven, E., Judd, E., Jung, A., Jochum, J., Kajino, F., Kajino, T., Kalli, S., Kaneko, I., Karadzhov, Y., Karczmarczyk, J., Katahira, K., Kawai, K., Kawasaki, Y., Kedadra, A., Khales, H., Khrenov, B. A., Kim, Jeong-Sook, Kim, Soon-Wook, Kleifges, M., Klimov, P. A., Kolev, D., Krantz, H., Kreykenbohm, I., Kudela, K., Kurihara, Y., Kusenko, A., Kuznetsov, E., La Barbera, A., Lachaud, C., Lahmar, H., Lakhdari, F., Larsson, O., Lee, J., Licandro, J., López Campano, L., Maccarone, M. C., Mackovjak, S., Mahdi, M., Maravilla, D., Marcelli, L., Marcos, J., Marini, A., Marszal, W., Martens, K., Martín, Y., Martinez, O., Martucci, M., Masciantonio, G., Mase, K., Mustafa, M., Matev, R., Matthews, J., Mebarki, N., Medina-Tanco, G., Mendoza, M. A., Menshikov, A., Merino, A., Meseguer, J., Meyer, S. S., Mimouni, J., Miyamoto, H., Mizumoto, Y., Monaco, A., Morales de los Ríos, J. A., Nagataki, S., Naitamor, S., Napolitano, T., Nava, R., Neronov, A., Nomoto, K., Nonaka, T., Ogawa, T., Ogio, S., Ohmori, H., Olinto, A. V., Orleański, P., Osteria, G., Pagliaro, A., Painter, W., Panasyuk, M. I., Panico, B., Parizot, E., Park, I. H., Pastircak, B., Patzak, T., Paul, T., Pérez-Grande, I., Perfetto, F., Peter, T., Picozza, P., Pindado, S., Piotrowski, L. W., Piraino, S., Placidi, L., Plebaniak, Z., Pliego, S., Pollini, A., Polonski, Z., Popescu, E. M., Prat, P., Prévôt, G., Prieto, H., Puehlhofer, G., Putis, M., Rabanal, J., Radu, A. A., Reyes, M., Rezazadeh, M., Ricci, M., Rodríguez Frías, M. D., Ronga, F., Roudil, G., Rusinov, I., Rybczyński, M., Sabau, M., Sáez Cano, G., Sagawa, H., Sahnoune, Z., Saito, A., Sakaki, N., Salazar, H., Sanchez Balanzar, J. C., Sánchez, J. L., Santangelo, A., Sanz-Andrés, A., Sanz Palomino, M., Saprykin, O., Sarazin, F., Sato, M., Schanz, T., Schieler, H., Scotti, V., Selmane, S., Semikoz, D., Serra, M., Sharakin, S., Shimizu, H. M., Shin, H. S., Shinozaki, K., Shirahama, T., Sokolsky, P., Spataro, B., Stan, I., Sugiyama, T., Supanitsky, D., Suzuki, M., Szabelska, B., Szabelski, J., Tajima, N., Tajima, T., Takahashi, Y., Takami, H., Takeda, M., Takizawa, Y., Talai, M. C., Tameda, Y., Tenzer, C., Thomas, S. B., Thomson, G. B., Tibolla, O., Tkachev, L., Tokuno, H., Tomida, T., Tone, N., Toscano, S., Traïche, M., Tsenov, R., Tsunesada, Y., Tsuno, K., Tubbs, J., Turriziani, S., Uchihori, Y., Vaduvescu, O., Valdés-Galicia, J. F., Vallania, P., Vankova, G., Vigorito, C., Villaseñor, L., Vlcek, B., von Ballmoos, P., Vrabel, M., Wada, S., Watanabe, J., Watts, J., Weber, M., Weigand Muñoz, R., Weindl, A., Wiencke, L., Wille, M., Wilms, J., Włodarczyk, Z., Yamamoto, T., Yang, J., Yano, H., Yashin, I. V., Yonetoku, D., Yoshida, S., Young, R., Zgura, I. S., Zotov, M. Yu., and Zuccaro Marchi, A.

Subjects
visible and IR photons, Balloon instrumentation, Detectors for UV, visible and IR photons, Lasers, Space instrumentation, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Laser, chemistry.chemical_element, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, Fluorescence spectroscopy, law.invention, Aeronáutica, Atmosphere, Xenon, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Calibration, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Detectors for UV, Physics, Instrumentation et méthodes en physique, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, Autres mathématiques, Speed of light (cellular automaton), 3. Good health, Pathfinder, chemistry, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Detectors for UV, visible and IR photon
Abstract

EUSO-Balloon is a pathfinder mission for the Extreme Universe Space Observatory onboard the Japanese Experiment Module (JEM-EUSO). It was launched on the moonless night of the 25th of August 2014 from Timmins, Canada. The flight ended successfully after maintaining the target altitude of 38 km for five hours. One part of the mission was a 2.5 hour underflight using a helicopter equipped with three UV light sources (LED, xenon flasher and laser) to perform an inflight calibration and examine the detectors capability to measure tracks moving at the speed of light. We describe the helicopter laser system and details of the underflight as well as how the laser tracks were recorded and found in the data. These are the first recorded laser tracks measured from a fluorescence detector looking down on the atmosphere. Finally, we present a first reconstruction of the direction of the laser tracks relative to the detector., 0, SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2018
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30. Exploring the Variability of the Flat Spectrum Radio Source 1633+382. II: Physical Properties

Author

Jae-Young Kim, Jong Ho Park, Dae-Won Kim, Sincheol Kang, Jeong-Sook Kim, Do-Young Byun, Mark Gurwell, Kiyoaki Wajima, Guang-Yao Zhao, Bindu Rani, Juan-Carlos Algaba, Motoki Kino, Sang-Sung Lee, Sascha Trippe, Jeffrey A. Hodgson, and Soon-Wook Kim

Subjects
Active galactic nucleus, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Submillimeter Array, law.invention, Telescope, law, 0103 physical sciences, Very-long-baseline interferometry, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Quasar, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Synchrotron, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Spectral energy distribution, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Flare
Abstract

The flat spectrum radio quasar 1633+382 (4C~38.41) showed a significant increase of its radio flux density during the period 2012 March - 2015 August which correlates with gamma-ray flaring activity. Multi-frequency simultaneous VLBI observations were conducted as part of the interferometric monitoring of gamma-ray bright active galactic nuclei (iMOGABA) program and supplemented with additional radio monitoring observations with the OVRO 40m telescope, the Boston University VLBI program, and the Submillimeter Array. The epochs of the maxima for the two largest gamma-ray flares coincide with the ejection of two respective new VLBI components. Analysis of the spectral energy distribution indicates a higher turnover frequency after the flaring events. The evolution of the flare in the turnover frequency - turnover flux density plane probes the adiabatic losses in agreement with the shock-in-jet model. Derived synchrotron self absorption magnetic fields, of the order of 0.1mG, do not seem to dramatically change during the flares, and are much smaller, by a factor $10^4$, than the estimated equipartition magnetic fields, indicating that the source of the flare may be associated with a particle dominated emitting region., 12 pages, 7 figures, 4 tables. Accepted for publication in ApJ

Published
2018

31. Novel Failure Analysis Techniques for 1.8 µm Pitch Wafer-to-Wafer Bonding

Author

Lorenz Lechner, Soon-Wook Kim, Christian Schmidt, Ingrid De Wolf, and Eric Beyne

Subjects
Wafer bonding, Computer science, Electronic engineering, Wafer, Sample preparation, Iterative reconstruction, Edge (geometry), Focus (optics), Image resolution, Failure analysis
Abstract

In this paper, different methods and novel tools for non-invasive failure localization and high-resolution material analysis in cutting edge wafer-to-wafer bonded devices will be discussed. The presented techniques combine non-invasive imaging of the internal device build up and accurate target preparation to gain access to the region of interest. The presented concepts include 3D X-ray microscopy as well as 3D FIB-SEM tomography in combination with various imaging techniques and novel laser-based sample preparation. The first part of the paper will focus on the potential and advantages of each FA method. To demonstrate a full workflow based on daily FA work conditions, a test sample is analyzed in the second part.

Published
2018
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32. Critical temperature and accretion rate of outbursts in long-period dwarf novae

Author

Soon-Wook Kim

Subjects
Physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, General Physics and Astronomy, Astronomy, Astrophysics, Orbital period, Critical mass (software engineering), Astron, Accretion rate, Stars, Intermediate polar, Long period, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Dwarf nova, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

Dwarf nova outbursts are nonlinear phenomena, and a time-dependent disk model is necessary to account for observations in detail. However, it is also necessary to elaborate a simpler steady-state fit to interpret observations. To know in what condition the outburst is initiated, understanding of the dwarf nova outburst is important. The parameterized, steady-state fitting formulae are suggested by Smak (Acta Astron. 52, 429 (2002); ibid 60, 83 (2010)) for the critical disk temperature and mass accretion rate above which the disk becomes thermally unstable. The fits give a single-valued temperature and accretion rate and are radius-independent whereas the observations show that the outbursts are radius-dependent phenomena of the ionizaton propagating in the disk. The fits have been tested to account for the observed outbursts only for systems with orbital periods shorter than a half day. Therefore, we examine the fits for orbital period as long as 2 days and compare the fits to the time-dependent model of a long-period dwarf nova GK Per. The fits are not much different from the time-dependent result for the critical temperature. However, the fits for the critical mass accretion rate above which the disk enters the hot state overestimate the time-dependent model for a long-period system like GK Per. The critical mass accretion rate in the intermediate state is consistent with that from the time-dependent disk model. However, the fit value should be treated as a maximum possible value below which the disk maintains the intermediate state, which is consistent with an interpretation for the observations of the Z Cam stars.

Published
2015
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33. Morphology-dependent selective hydrogenation catalysis of hollow AuCu bimetallic nanostructures

Author

Eui Jung Kim, Soon Wook Kim, Nguyen Tri Khoa, Sung Hong Hahn, and Doan Van Thuan

Subjects
Reaction rate, Crystallography, Reaction rate constant, Nanostructure, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Transmission electron microscopy, Chemistry, Nanoparticle, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Bimetallic strip, Catalysis
Abstract

We synthesized hollow AuCu bimetallic nanostructures using a Cu 2 O template and evaluated their hydrogen dissociation performance. The formation of a superstructural bimetallic and well-inherited shape was confirmed using transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The AuCu bimetallic nanostructures were tested for the catalytic reduction of o-nitroaniline to 1,2-benzenediamine, and they showed much better catalytic activity than pure Au. The hollow AuCu cubic structure exhibited superior catalytic efficiency (reaction rate constant = 0.33 min −1 ) compared with other structures such as a cuboctahedral structure (0.08 min −1 ), an octahedral structure (0.17 min −1 ), and pure Au (0.06 min −1 ). Furthermore, we examined the dependence of o-nitroaniline reduction activity of the hollow AuCu hybrids on NaBH 4 concentration. The reaction rate constant became saturated at a lower NaBH 4 concentration for Au nanoparticles, while its saturation occurred at a higher NaBH 4 concentration in the case of hollow AuCu nanostructures.

Published
2015
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34. Fabrication of Au/GO/ZnO composite nanostructures with excellent photocatalytic performance

Author

Ji-Eun Lee, Soon Wook Kim, Sung Hong Hahn, Nguyen Tri Khoa, and Eui Jung Kim

Subjects
Materials science, Nanostructure, Photoluminescence, Graphene, Nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, law.invention, Colloidal gold, Transmission electron microscopy, law, Photocatalysis, General Materials Science, Nanorod, Photodegradation
Abstract

We have fabricated gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) anchored graphene oxide (GO) on ZnO nanorods (Au/GO/ZnO) hybrids via a spray-coating method. The morphology of Au/GO decorated onto ZnO nanorod is examined using scanning/transmission electron microscopy. The electron transport ability at Au/GO–ZnO interface is investigated using photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The photodegradation efficiency of methylene blue is found to be 62, 71, and 81% for ZnO, GO/ZnO, and Au/GO/ZnO, respectively. The excellent photocatalytic activity of Au/GO/ZnO results from improved photon absorption and facilitated electron transport at interface.

Published
2015
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35. EUSO-TA - First results from a ground-based EUSO telescope

Author

N. Inoue, L. del Peral, A. Franceschi, E. Parizot, Pavol Bobik, M. Haiduc, Lech Wiktor Piotrowski, S. Bartocci, J. A. Morales de los Ríos, N. Belkhalfa, Susumu Inoue, S. Yoshida, J. Szabelski, S. B. Thomas, K. Kudela, M. D. Rodríguez Frías, Naoto Sakaki, Z. Plebaniak, Thomas Schanz, Michiyuki Chikawa, M. Di Martino, A. Marini, Toshikazu Ebisuzaki, G. Roudil, B. Harlov, J. F. Valdés-Galicia, G. Osteria, Carlo Vigorito, L. G. Tkachev, Josef Jochum, S. Naitamor, G. Vankova, A. Caramete, Livio Conti, K. Martens, D. Maravilla, L. López Campano, J. Fernández-Soriano, R. Matev, Yoshihiko Mizumoto, Sebastián Franchini, S. Biktemerova, A. Ebersoldt, Daisuke Ikeda, A. Zuccaro Marchi, Hajime Takami, Masaki Fukushima, E. G. Judd, O. Larsson, H. J. Crawford, M. Serra, Jörn Wilms, J. Karczmarczyk, M. Ave Pernas, D. Kolev, H. Krantz, Mohammed Bakiri, Luis A. Anchordoqui, I. Kaneko, O. A. Saprykin, Estíbaliz Gascón, S. Turriziani, A. Belov, Valerie Connaughton, L. Marcelli, Konstantin Belov, A. Anzalone, T. Napolitano, Toshitaka Kajino, Francesco Fenu, N. Tone, Christer Fuglesang, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, K. Benmessai, A. Guzmán, C. Lachaud, Daisuke Yonetoku, J. Blecki, José Meseguer, Angel Sanz-Andrés, Shinsuke Abe, P. Galeotti, R. Attallah, J. Hernández Carretero, H. Tokuno, B. Beldjilali, Takayuki Tomida, Santiago Pindado, S. Jeong, T. Shirahama, Y. Tsunesada, Junpei Fujimoto, M. Yu. Zotov, Silvia Ferrarese, Katsuaki Asano, Alfonso Monaco, H. Attoui, E. M. Popescu, B. A. Khrenov, A. Pagliaro, J. Genci, L. Villaseñor, C. Tenzer, T. Sugiyama, Piergiorgio Picozza, R. Tsenov, Satoshi Wada, N. Mebarki, W. Painter, Piotr Orleanski, T. Paul, A. Pollini, Pavel Klimov, B. Panico, Y. Karadzhov, Isabel Pérez-Grande, F. Sarazin, Zbigniew Wlodarczyk, Marc Weber, F. Bisconti, C. González Alvarado, Tokonatsu Yamamoto, E. Bozzo, T. Ogawa, M. C. Talai, J.N. Capdevielle, G. Sáez Cano, Angela V. Olinto, Javier Licandro, M. Rezazadeh, Andrea Santangelo, A. Kusenko, Katsuhiko Tsuno, Yoshio Arai, I. Kreykenbohm, Pierre Sokolsky, G. Masciantonio, Y. Martín, S. Selmane, John Belz, L. Placidi, M. Kleifges, P. L. Biermann, Tomás Belenguer, Yoshitaka Itow, N. Tajima, Giuseppe Giraudo, M. Takeda, M. A. Mendoza, G. Medina-Tanco, Shigehiro Nagataki, Barbara Szabelska, T. Peter, O. Martinez, Gordon Thomson, Toshiyuki Nonaka, F. Ronga, Gustavo Alonso, J. Watanabe, J. Tubbs, I. Rusinov, I. V. Yashin, M. Fouka, Osvaldo Catalano, M. Martucci, Fausto Guarino, J. Yang, P. von Ballmoos, M. Ricci, H. Miyamoto, M. Sanz Palomino, S. E. Csorna, Amine Ahriche, Simona Toscano, A. Bruno, Jeong-Sook Kim, Kenji Shinozaki, L. Caramete, Marcos Reyes, Roberto Bellotti, K. Mase, Gali Garipov, Joowon Lee, M. Flamini, B. Vlcek, T. Patzak, James H. Adams, H. Prieto, N. Blanc, R. Cremonini, S. Dagoret-Campagne, Francesca Capel, Y. Takizawa, S. Mackovjak, J. L. Marcos, E. Kuznetsov, G. Puehlhofer, D. Supanitsky, R. Weigand Muñoz, P. Gorodetzky, Shoichi Ogio, Johannes Eser, P. Baragatti, Austin Cummings, M. Wille, Y. Uchihori, A. La Barbera, Guillaume Prévôt, S. Blin-Bondil, R. Greg, I. Stan, G. Cordero, Malek Mustafa, J. Mimouni, M. Bogomilov, Z. Polonski, D. Campana, H. Khales, L. Allen, F. Lakhdari, F. Kajino, Maciej Rybczyński, Inkyu Park, M. Putis, S. S. Meyer, A. Weindl, Mark Christl, O. Tibolla, S. Pliego, K. Kawai, Akinori Saito, Ovidiu Vaduvescu, Claudio Cassardo, Dmitri Semikoz, Andrés Merino, P. Carlson, Yuichiro Tameda, John N. Matthews, M. Traïche, F. Cafagna, E. Joven, Y. Hachisu, F. Perfetto, Bruno Spataro, B. Pastirčák, Pierre Barrillon, Eduardo García-Ortega, Sergei A. Sharakin, Piero Vallania, R. Young, Yukihiro Takahashi, José Luis Sánchez, M. D. Sabau, M. Suzuki, Marco Casolino, Claudio Fornaro, Mikhail Panasyuk, A. Neronov, Sergio Fernández-González, J. Bayer, M. C. Maccarone, Valentina Scotti, C. de la Taille, A. Kedadra, I. Dutan, I. S. Zgura, G. Cotto, K. Katahira, M. Mahdi, C. De Donato, Soon-Wook Kim, Yoshimasa Kurihara, G. Chiritoi, H. Schieler, A. Jung, A. Haungs, S. Piraino, H. Lahmar, Antonella Castellina, Mitsuteru Sato, T. Jammer, J. Rabanal, G. Abdellaoui, Hajime Yano, Heungsu Shin, R. Nava, Ralph Engel, Takahiro Fujii, Rossella Caruso, Toshiki Tajima, Hitoshi Ohmori, K. S. Caballero, Hiroyuki Sagawa, Yoshiya Kawasaki, A. Radu, A. Menshikov, Hirohiko M. Shimizu, T. Djemil, D. Allard, Alberto Cellino, S. Kalli, J. Watts, M. E. Bertaina, C. De Santis, L. R. Wiencke, M. Vrabel, P. Prat, Ken'ichi Nomoto, Z. Sahnoune, W. Hidber Cruz, S. Bacholle, Francesco Isgrò, W. Marszał, J. C. Sanchez Balanzar, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Organisation de Micro-Électronique Générale Avancée (OMEGA), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Abdellaoui, G., Abe, S., Adams, J., Ahriche, A., Allard, D., Allen, L., Alonso, G., Anchordoqui, L., Anzalone, A., Arai, Y., Asano, K., Attallah, R., Attoui, H., Ave Pernas, M., Bacholle, S., Bakiri, M., Baragatti, P., Barrillon, P., Bartocci, S., Bayer, J., Beldjilali, B., Belenguer, T., Belkhalfa, N., Bellotti, R., Belov, A., Belov, K., Belz, J. W., Benmessai, K., Bertaina, M., Biermann, P. L., Biktemerova, S., Bisconti, F., Blanc, N., Blecki, J., Blin-Bondil, S., Bobik, P., Bogomilov, M., Bozzo, E., Bruno, A., Caballero, K. S., Cafagna, F., Campana, D., Capdevielle, J-N., Capel, F., Caramete, A., Caramete, L., Carlson, P., Caruso, R., Casolino, M., Cassardo, C., Castellina, A., Catalano, O., Cellino, A., Chikawa, M., Chiritoi, G., Christl, M. J., Connaughton, V., Conti, L., Cordero, G., Cotto, G., Crawford, H. J., Cremonini, R., Csorna, S., Cummings, A., Dagoret-Campagne, S., De Donato, C., de la Taille, C., De Santis, C., del Peral, L., Di Martino, M., Djemil, T., Dutan, I., Ebersoldt, A., Ebisuzaki, T., Engel, R., Eser, J., Fenu, F., Fernández-González, S., Fernández-Soriano, J., Ferrarese, S., Flamini, M., Fornaro, C., Fouka, M., Franceschi, A., Franchini, S., Fuglesang, C., Fujii, T., Fujimoto, J., Fukushima, M., Galeotti, P., García-Ortega, E., Garipov, G., Gascón, E., Genci, J., Giraudo, G., González Alvarado, C., Gorodetzky, P., Greg, R., Guarino, F., Guzmán, A., Hachisu, Y., Haiduc, M., Harlov, B., Haungs, A., Hernández Carretero, J., Hidber Cruz, W., Ikeda, D., Inoue, N., Inoue, S., Isgrò, F., Itow, Y., Jammer, T., Jeong, S., Joven, E., Judd, E., Jung, A., Jochum, J., Kajino, F., Kajino, T., Kalli, S., Kaneko, I., Karadzhov, Y., Karczmarczyk, J., Katahira, K., Kawai, K., Kawasaki, Y., Kedadra, A., Khales, H., Khrenov, B. A., Kim, Jeong-Sook, Kim, Soon-Wook, Kleifges, M., Klimov, P. A., Kolev, D., Krantz, H., Kreykenbohm, I., Kudela, K., Kurihara, Y., Kusenko, A., Kuznetsov, E., La Barbera, A., Lachaud, C., Lahmar, H., Lakhdari, F., Larsson, O., Lee, J., Licandro, J., López Campano, L., Maccarone, M. C., Mackovjak, S., Mahdi, M., Maravilla, D., Marcelli, L., Marcos, J., Marini, A., Marszal, W., Martens, K., Martín, Y., Martinez, O., Martucci, M., Masciantonio, G., Mase, K., Mustafa, M., Matev, R., Matthews, J., Mebarki, N., Medina-Tanco, G., Mendoza, M. A., Menshikov, A., Merino, A., Meseguer, J., Meyer, S. S., Mimouni, J., Miyamoto, H., Mizumoto, Y., Monaco, A., Morales de los Ríos, J. A., Nagataki, S., Naitamor, S., Napolitano, T., Nava, R., Neronov, A., Nomoto, K., Nonaka, T., Ogawa, T., Ogio, S., Ohmori, H., Olinto, A. V., Orleański, P., Osteria, G., Pagliaro, A., Painter, W., Panasyuk, M. I., Panico, B., Parizot, E., Park, I. H., Pastircak, B., Patzak, T., Paul, T., Pérez-Grande, I., Perfetto, F., Peter, T., Picozza, P., Pindado, S., Piotrowski, L. W., Piraino, S., Placidi, L., Plebaniak, Z., Pliego, S., Pollini, A., Polonski, Z., Popescu, E. M., Prat, P., Prévôt, G., Prieto, H., Puehlhofer, G., Putis, M., Rabanal, J., Radu, A. A., Reyes, M., Rezazadeh, M., Ricci, M., Rodríguez Frías, M. D., Ronga, F., Roudil, G., Rusinov, I., Rybczyński, M., Sabau, M., Sáez Cano, G., Sagawa, H., Sahnoune, Z., Saito, A., Sakaki, N., Salazar, H., Sanchez Balanzar, J. C., Sánchez, J. L., Santangelo, A., Sanz-Andrés, A., Sanz Palomino, M., Saprykin, O., Sarazin, F., Sato, M., Schanz, T., Schieler, H., Scotti, V., Selmane, S., Semikoz, D., Serra, M., Sharakin, S., Shimizu, H. M., Shin, H. S., Shinozaki, K., Shirahama, T., Sokolsky, P., Spataro, B., Stan, I., Sugiyama, T., Supanitsky, D., Suzuki, M., Szabelska, B., Szabelski, J., Tajima, N., Tajima, T., Takahashi, Y., Takami, H., Takeda, M., Takizawa, Y., Talai, M. C., Tameda, Y., Tenzer, C., Thomas, S. B., Thomson, G. B., Tibolla, O., Tkachev, L., Tokuno, H., Tomida, T., Tone, N., Toscano, S., Traïche, M., Tsenov, R., Tsunesada, Y., Tsuno, K., Tubbs, J., Turriziani, S., Uchihori, Y., Vaduvescu, O., Valdés-Galicia, J. F., Vallania, P., Vankova, G., Vigorito, C., Villaseñor, L., Vlcek, B., von Ballmoos, P., Vrabel, M., Wada, S., Watanabe, J., Watts, J., Weber, M., Weigand Muñoz, R., Weindl, A., Wiencke, L., Wille, M., Wilms, J., Włodarczyk, Z., Yamamoto, T., Yang, J., Yano, H., Yashin, I. V., Yonetoku, D., Yoshida, S., Young, R., Zgura, I. S., Zotov, M. Yu., Zuccaro Marchi, A., Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, and PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)

Subjects
Fresnel lens, Photomultiplier, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Night sky, JEM-EUSO, Cosmic ray, Field of view, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, cosmic rays, EAS, UHECR, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Aeronáutica, law.invention, Telescope, law, 0103 physical sciences, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, cosmic ray, Astrophysique, Physics, Fresnel len, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Astronomie, Astronomía, Limiting magnitude, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

EUSO-TA is a ground-based telescope, installed at the Telescope Array (TA) site in Black Rock Mesa, Utah, USA. This is the first detector to successfully use a Fresnel lens based optical system and multi-anode photomultipliers (64 channels per tube, 2304 channels encompassing a 10.6° × 10.6° field of view) for detection of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR). The telescope is located in front of one of the fluorescence detectors of the TA experiment. Since its installation in 2013, the detector has observed several ultra-high energy cosmic ray events and, in addition, meteors. The limiting magnitude of 5.5 on summed frames (∼ 3 ms) has been established. Measurements of the UV night sky emission in different conditions and moon phases and positions have been completed. The performed observations serve as a proof of concept for the future application of this detector technology., 0, SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2018
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36. Exploring the Variability of the Flat Spectrum Radio Source 1633+382. I. Phenomenology of the Light Curves

Author

Jae-Young Kim, Bindu Rani, Mark Gurwell, Jeong-Sook Kim, Motoki Kino, Sincheol Kang, Guang-Yao Zhao, Jong-Ho Park, Juan-Carlos Algaba, Sascha Trippe, Do-Young Byun, Jeffrey A. Hodgson, Soon-Wook Kim, Benoit Lott, Dae-Won Kim, Kiyoaki Wajima, Atsushi Miyazaki, Sang-Sung Lee, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan ( CENBG ), and Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )

Subjects
Astrophysics and Astronomy, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [ PHYS.ASTR ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], astro-ph.GA, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, galaxies: active, FOS: Physical sciences, galaxies: individual, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Theoretical physics, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), astro-ph.HE, Physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, galaxies: jets, Light curve, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Phenomenology (particle physics)
Abstract

We present multi-frequency simultaneous VLBI radio observations of the flat spectrum radio quasar 1633+382 (4C~38.41) as part of the interferometric monitoring of gamma-ray bright active galactic nuclei (iMOGABA) program combined with additional observations in radio, optical, X-rays and $\gamma-$rays carried out between the period 2012 March - 2015 August. The monitoring of this source reveals a significant long-lived increase in its activity since approximately two years in the radio bands, which correlates with a similar increase on all other bands from sub-millimeter to $\gamma-$rays. A significant correlation is also found between radio fluxes and simultaneous spectral indices during this period. The study of the discrete correlation function (DCF) indicates time lags smaller than the $\sim40$ days uncertainties among both radio bands and also high-energy bands, and a time lag of $\sim$70 days, with $\gamma-$rays leading radio. We interpret that the high-energy and radio fluxes are arising from different emitting regions, located at $1\pm12$ and $40\pm13$ pc from the central engine respectively., Comment: 16 pages, 15 figures, and 5 tables. Accepted for publication in ApJ. Small typo in the abstract corrected

Published
2018
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37. Fast and effective electron transport in a Au–graphene–ZnO hybrid for enhanced photocurrent and photocatalysis

Author

Eui Jung Kim, Huynh Ngoc Tien, Nguyen Tri Khoa, Sung Hong Hahn, Soon Wook Kim, Seung Hyun Hur, and Doan Van Thuan

Subjects
Photocurrent, Photoluminescence, Materials science, Graphene, General Chemical Engineering, Oxide, Nanotechnology, General Chemistry, Electron transport chain, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, Electron transfer, chemistry, Chemical engineering, law, Photocatalysis, Nanosheet
Abstract

A novel ZnO nanosheet aggregated hollow sphere (nSAHS) has been hydrothermally synthesized. Wrapping Au/reduced graphene oxide (Au/rGO) onto the ZnO nSAHS facilitates electron transfer at the ZnO interface. The photoinduced charge transfer of the Au/rGO/ZnO hybrid has been characterized using photoluminescence (PL) and a time-resolved PL decay profile. The quenched PL emission of Au/rGO/ZnO indicates decreased electron–hole pair recombination and facilitated electron transport, which results from the large surface area of the ZnO nSAHS structure, good physical adsorption of Au/rGO onto ZnO, and the excellent chemical interaction at the Au/rGO–ZnO interface. The Au/rGO/ZnO hybrid exhibits fast (4.46 ps) and effective (80.49%) charge transfer at the hybrid interface, indicating that Au/rGO/ZnO has better photocurrent responses and photocatalytic activities than rGO/ZnO and ZnO.

Published
2015
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38. Self-cleaning SiOx-embedded TiO2/SiO2 alternating multilayer

Author

Soon Wook Kim, Doan Van Thuan, Eui Jung Kim, Nguyen Tri Khoa, and Sung Hong Hahn

Subjects
Materials science, Ar system, business.industry, General Chemical Engineering, Photovoltaic system, Composite number, Nanoparticle, General Chemistry, Contact angle, Optics, Self cleaning, Optoelectronics, business, Layer (electronics), Refractive index
Abstract

A new method of inserting an eco-sustainable hydrophilic system into an anti-reflection (AR) system was developed and its applicability to photovoltaic systems was determined. We created a TiO2 nanoparticle composite with a densely multi-layered AR system top layer to demonstrate its eco-sustainable, hydrophilic performance and to act as a low refractive index material, which is essential for AR. The hydrophilic system displayed the lowest reflectance and a remarkable contact angle reduction to 0 degrees under UV light irradiation. The annealed hydrophilic system (the eco-sustainable system) exhibited the highest photodecomposition activity of 100% within 90 min by effective separation of electron–hole pairs using SiOx nanoparticles inside the TiO2 layer as trap levels. The successful AR, hydrophilic, and eco-sustainable characteristics of the simplified system composed of only two materials, TiO2 and SiOx, are anticipated to contribute to the enhancement of photovoltaic system efficiency.

Published
2015
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39. Scalable, sub 2μm pitch, Cu/SiCN to Cu/SiCN hybrid wafer-to-wafer bonding technology

Author

Joke De Messemaeker, Oguzhan Orkut Okudur, Michele Stucchi, Eric Beyne, Gerald Beyer, Lan Peng, Dimitrios Velenis, Soon-Wook Kim, Andy Miller, Tae-Gon Kim, Nancy Heylen, and Alain Phommahaxay

Subjects
Materials science, Annealing (metallurgy), Wafer bonding, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, Wafer, Dielectric, Composite material, Bond energy
Abstract

This paper presents a novel approach to face-to-face wafer-to-wafer (W2W) bonding using SiCN-to-SiCN dielectric bonding, in combination with direct Cu-Cu bonding using Cu pads of unequal size and surface topography for the top and bottom wafers. The use of SiCN dielectrics allows to obtain a high W2W bonding energy (> 2 J/m2) at low annealing temperature (250 °C). Excellent Cu-Cu bonding is obtained after annealing at 350 °C. A novel CMP process, resulting in a slightly protruding Cu top pad and a slightly recessed Cu bottom pad, is introduced. The difference in pad sizes, allows for the necessary W2W overlay bonding tolerances. Excellent resistivity and yield results are obtained across bonded 300 mm Si wafers for scaled 360 nm top pads bonded to 720 nm bottom pads at 1.44 μm pitch (25% bottom Cu density). Feasibility of smaller pitches has been demonstrated by successfully bonding 180 nm top pads to 540 nm bottom pads at 0.72 μm pitch.

Published
2017
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40. Characterization of inorganic dielectric layers for low thermal budget wafer-to-wafer bonding

Author

Andy Miller, Fumihiro Inoue, Soon-Wook Kim, Gerald Beyer, Lan Peng, Eric Beyne, Erik Sleeckx, J. De Vos, and Alain Phommahaxay

Subjects
Materials science, Annealing (metallurgy), Wafer bonding, Analytical chemistry, Bonding in solids, 02 engineering and technology, Dielectric, Thermocompression bonding, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Anodic bonding, Wafer, Bond energy, Composite material, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

The reduction of post annealing temperature for plasma activated dielectric bonding was achieved by using SiCN as dielectrics layer. The SiCN-SiCN bonding shows higher bond energy at 250 °C as compared to conventional SiOi-SiOi bonding. The surface and interface of the SiCN bonding dielectric layers were characterized by various quantitative and qualitative methodologies. This alternative bonding dielectric allows development of extremely thin 3D integration devices with minimal thermal budget at bonding step.

Published
2017
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41. In-line metrology for atomic resolution local height variation

Author

Ahjin Jo, Sebastian W. Schmidt, Ju Suk Lee, Ardavan Zandiatashbar, Sang-il Park, Tom Vanderwayer, Bernd Irmer, Tae-Gon Kim, Sang-Joon Cho, Byoung-Woon Ahn, and Soon-Wook Kim

Subjects
Process quality, Materials science, business.industry, Process (computing), 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 020202 computer hardware & architecture, Fin (extended surface), Metrology, Reliability (semiconductor), Optics, Atomic resolution, Line (geometry), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Nanotopography, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

We demonstrated fully automated in-line atomic force microscopy (AFM) for local height variation monitoring solution. Two use cases, which are local variation of SADP Fin height and oxide recess height in Fin reveal process and that of Cu nail protrusion and Cu pad recess height in wafer-to-wafer hybrid bonding process were evaluated in order to evaluate in-line AFM capability as a metrology solution for process development and in-line process monitoring. In-line AFM provides not only visual information of nanotopography, which could lead to quick decision making, but also to quantitative information of local height variation where other metrology solutions could not have provided. In-line AFM could provide many advantages, which are nondestructive measurement, sub-nanometer accuracy and long term reliability. Those advantages help learning cycle and process quality to enhance.

Published
2017
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42. JEM-EUSO observational technique and exposure

Author

G. Castellinic, Markus Roth, Thomas J. Weiler, S. Perez Cano, Fausto Guarino, P. von Ballmoos, M. Ricci, Roberto Bellotti, Andreas A. Berlind, K. Kawai, M. Di Martino, A. Marini, Graciela B. Gelmini, Akinori Saito, G. Osteria, T. Tymieniecka, Barbara Szabelska, T. Peter, J. Sledd, Y. Hachisu, Y. Arai, P. L. Biermann, Ovidiu Vaduvescu, M. Lacombe, Claudio Cassardo, M. Nagata, James H. Adams, J. Fujimoto, Dmitri Semikoz, O. Martinez, Dmitry V. Naumov, Y. Yamamoto, M. I. Panasyuk, I. V. Yashin, L. Marcelli, J.N. Capdevielle, H. Ikeda, Andrii Neronov, D. Kolev, Silvia Ferrarese, I. Rusinov, T. Mernik, Gali Garipov, Yoshihiko Mizumoto, Katsuaki Asano, Guillaume Prévôt, Kenji Shinozaki, A. Bruno, H. Sato, Pierre Barrillon, Valerie Connaughton, H. H. Silva Lopez, T. Batsch, T. Shibata, S. Selmane, T. Murakami, J. Karczmarczyk, Karl Mannheim, Michael S. Briggs, A. J. de Castro, N. Inoue, L. del Peral, A. Franceschi, E. Parizot, M. Bogomilov, Pavol Bobik, Y. Karadzhov, Yoshitaka Itow, G. Distratis, Marcos Reyes, Sergei A. Sharakin, R. Young, M. Sakata, A. Anzalone, N. Tajima, T. Napolitano, David B. Cline, T. Patzak, Piero Vallania, Hanna Rothkaehl, S. Blin-Bondil, M. D. Sabau, Satoshi Wada, T. Ogawa, F. Kajino, Shigehiro Nagataki, M. Serra, F. Cafagna, G. Modestino, Luis A. Anchordoqui, E. G. Judd, Katsuhiko Tsuno, H. W. Park, J. A. Morales de los Ríos, F. Tajima, E. Joven, Massimiliano Bonamente, R. Bechini, Ralph Engel, J. Watts, K. Belov, P. Gorodetzky, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, C. Catalano, J. Lee, C. Lachaud, S. Dagoret-Campagne, Tomás Belenguer, B. A. Khrenov, Angela V. Olinto, Fernando López, Andrea Santangelo, C. De Santis, H. Tokuno, H. Miyamoto, E. Kuznetsov, C. Pennypacker, Piergiorgio Picozza, Toshikazu Ebisuzaki, L. Santiago Crúz, J. Bayer, M. Wille, I. Kreykenbohm, Vladimir Andreev, B. Pastircak, S. Sánchez, M. Ave Pernas, Alexander Kusenko, J. Błȩcki, M. Nagano Murakami, Frederic Trillaud, Y. Uchihori, Susumu Inoue, J. N. Albert, C. Blaksley, I. Kaneko, Toshiyuki Nonaka, P. Prat, K. Słomińska, C. de la Taille, Alfonso Monaco, Thomas Schanz, Shigeto Watanabe, Ke Fang, I. Fernández-Gómez, H. Prieto, R. Cremonini, B. Mot, R. Tsenov, K. Katahira, S. Ahmad, Livio Conti, N. Tone, Z. Włodarczyk, H. Lim, M. C. Maccarone, J. F. Valdés-Galicia, L. G. Tkachev, M. Dupieux, F. Dulucq, A. Pollini, Pavel Klimov, Patrick J. Reardon, Toshiki Tajima, A. Zuccaro Marchi, M. Karus, D. Monnier-Ragaigne, A. Segreto, Daisuke Yonetoku, S. Csorna, G. Vankova, H. J. Crawford, Taka Tomida, Jörn Wilms, Yukihiro Takahashi, G. Siemieniec-Oziȩbło, Yoshimasa Kurihara, O. A. Saprykin, A. Dell’Oro, Toshitaka Kajino, H. Schieler, N. Blanc, G. Masciantonio, Hitoshi Ohmori, Domenico Finco, J. Hernández Carretero, D. Supanitsky, M. Yu. Zotov, M. Unger, S. Biktemerova, Yoshiya Kawasaki, K. Higashide, C. Moretto, Tokonatsu Yamamoto, P. Galeotti, Susana Briz, G. Catalano, Hiroyuki Sagawa, C. González Alvarado, Mitsuteru Sato, Shoichi Ogio, C. Tenzer, Marco Casolino, Claudio Fornaro, M. Putis, D. Allard, A. Guzmán, A. Sobey, M. E. Bertaina, D. Campana, C. De Donato, A. Insolia, M. Kleifges, Soon-Wook Kim, Ken'ichi Nomoto, T. Sugiyama, A. Ebersoldt, Tadeusz Wibig, M. Sanz Palomino, Maxim Gonchar, Inkyu Park, Hirohiko M. Shimizu, J. Geary, S. Falk, A. Haungs, S. Piraino, Hajime Yano, N. De Simone, Y. Miyazaki, G. Roudil, L. Villaseñor, M. Suzuki, B. Harlov, Carlo Vigorito, K. Kudela, J. S. Kim, G. Sáez-Cano, Mark Christl, O. Tibolla, V. S. Morozenko, Yoshiki Tsunesada, M. Rybczyński, Lech Wiktor Piotrowski, A. Jung, T. Paul, K. Yoshida, P. Baragatti, G. Cordero, Valentina Scotti, Hajime Takami, Masaki Fukushima, G. Medina-Tanco, S. Yoshida, J. Szabelski, T. Nakamura, R. Nava, N. Sakaki, R. Matev, M. D. Rodríguez Frías, Z. Plebaniak, J. Blümer, L. Valore, Rossella Caruso, Michiyuki Chikawa, Simona Toscano, Alberto Cellino, L. R. Wiencke, K. Mase, G. Giraudo, Francesco Fenu, D. Ikeda, I. Rodríguez, F. Sarazin, Marc Weber, M. Flamini, Y. Takizawa, T. Shirahama, Francesco Isgrò, Piotr Orleanski, B. Keilhauer, Frederic Jean Ronga, Javier Licandro, T. Pierog, J. Watanabe, M. Takeda, D. Maravilla, Jianyi Yang, Adams, J. H., Ahmad, S., Albert, J. N., Allard, D., Anchordoqui, L., Andreev, V., Anzalone, A., Arai, Y., Asano, K., Ave Pernas, M., Baragatti, P., Barrillon, P., Batsch, T., Bayer, J., Bechini, R., Belenguer, T., Bellotti, R., Belov, K., Berlind, A. A., Bertaina, M., Biermann, P. L., Biktemerova, S., Blaksley, C., Blanc, N., Błȩcki, J., Blin Bondil, S., Blümer, J., Bobik, P., Bogomilov, M., Bonamente, M., Briggs, M. S., Briz, S., Bruno, A., Cafagna, F., Campana, D., Capdevielle, J. N., Caruso, R., Casolino, M., Cassardo, C., Castellinic, G., Catalano, C., Catalano, G., Cellino, A., Chikawa, M., Christl, M. J., Cline, D., Connaughton, V., Conti, L., Cordero, G., Crawford, H. J., Cremonini, R., Csorna, S., Dagoret Campagne, S., de Castro, A. J., De Donato, C., de la Taille, C., De Santis, C., del Peral, L., Dell’Oro, A., De Simone, N., Di Martino, M., Distratis, G., Dulucq, F., Dupieux, M., Ebersoldt, A., Ebisuzaki, T., Engel, R., Falk, S., Fang, K., Fenu, F., Fernández Gómez, I., Ferrarese, S., Finco, D., Flamini, M., Fornaro, C., Franceschi, A., Fujimoto, J., Fukushima, M., Galeotti, P., Garipov, G., Geary, J., Gelmini, G., Giraudo, G., Gonchar, M., González Alvarado, C., Gorodetzky, P., Guarino, Fausto, Guzmán, A., Hachisu, Y., Harlov, B., Haungs, A., Hernández Carretero, J., Higashide, K., Ikeda, D., Ikeda, H., Inoue, N., Inoue, S., Insolia, A., Isgro', Francesco, Itow, Y., Joven, E., Judd, E. G., Jung, A., Kajino, F., Kajino, T., Kaneko, I., Karadzhov, Y., Karczmarczyk, J., Karus, M., Katahira, K., Kawai, K., Kawasaki, Y., Keilhauer, B., Khrenov, B. A., Kim, J. S., Kim, S. W., Kleifges, M., Klimov, P. A., Kolev, D., Kreykenbohm, I., Kudela, K., Kurihara, Y., Kusenko, A., Kuznetsov, E., Lacombe, M., Lachaud, C., Lee, J., Licandro, J., Lim, H., López, F., Maccarone, M. C., Mannheim, K., Maravilla, D., Marcelli, L., Marini, A., Martinez, O., Masciantonio, G., Mase, K., Matev, R., Medina Tanco, G., Mernik, T., Miyamoto, H., Miyazaki, Y., Mizumoto, Y., Modestino, G., Monaco, A., Monnier Ragaigne, D., Morales de los Ríos, J. A., Moretto, C., Morozenko, V. S., Mot, B., Murakami, T., Murakami, M. Nagano, Nagata, M., Nagataki, S., Nakamura, T., Napolitano, T., Naumov, D., Nava, R., Neronov, A., Nomoto, K., Nonaka, T., Ogawa, T., Ogio, S., Ohmori, H., Olinto, A. V., Orleański, P., Osteria, G., Panasyuk, M. I., Parizot, E., Park, I. H., Park, H. W., Pastircak, B., Patzak, T., Paul, T., Pennypacker, C., Perez Cano, S., Peter, T., Picozza, P., Pierog, T., Piotrowski, L. W., Piraino, S., Plebaniak, Z., Pollini, A., Prat, P., Prévôt, G., Prieto, H., Putis, M., Reardon, P., Reyes, M., Ricci, M., Rodríguez, I., Rodríguez Frías, M. D., Ronga, F., Roth, M., Rothkaehl, H., Roudil, G., Rusinov, I., Rybczyński, M., Sabau, M. D., Sáez Cano, G., Sagawa, H., Saito, A., Sakaki, N., Sakata, M., Salazar, H., Sánchez, S., Santangelo, A., Santiago Crúz, L., Sanz Palomino, M., Saprykin, O., Sarazin, F., Sato, H., Sato, M., Schanz, T., Schieler, H., Scotti, V., Segreto, A., Selmane, S., Semikoz, D., Serra, M., Sharakin, S., Shibata, T., Shimizu, H. M., Shinozaki, K., Shirahama, T., Siemieniec Oziȩbło, G., Silva López, H. H., Sledd, J., Słomińska, K., Sobey, A., Sugiyama, T., Supanitsky, D., Suzuki, M., Szabelska, B., Szabelski, J., Tajima, F., Tajima, N., Tajima, T., Takahashi, Y., Takami, H., Takeda, M., Takizawa, Y., Tenzer, C., Tibolla, O., Tkachev, L., Tokuno, H., Tomida, T., Tone, N., Toscano, S., Trillaud, F., Tsenov, R., Tsunesada, Y., Tsuno, K., Tymieniecka, T., Uchihori, Y., Unger, M., Vaduvescu, O., Valdés Galicia, J. F., Vallania, P., Valore, Laura, Vankova, G., Vigorito, C., Villaseñor, L., von Ballmoos, P., Wada, S., Watanabe, J., Watanabe, S., Watts, J., Weber, M., Weiler, T. J., Wibig, T., Wiencke, L., Wille, M., Wilms, J., Włodarczyk, Z., Yamamoto, T., Yamamoto, Y., Yang, J., Yano, H., Yashin, I. V., Yonetoku, D., Yoshida, K., Yoshida, S., Young, R., Zotov, M. Y. u., and Zuccaro Marchi, A.

Subjects
Aperture, Ciencias Físicas, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, media_common.quotation_subject, Extensive air shower, JEM-EUSO, ultra-high energy cosmic rays, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Atmosphere, Altitude, International Space Station, Nadir, Extensive air showers, extensive air showers, Ultra-high energy cosmic ray, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, media_common, Physics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Ultra-high energy cosmic rays, Astronomy and Astrophysic, Universe, Astronomía, Tilt (optics), Space and Planetary Science, Physics::Space Physics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS
Abstract

Designed as the first mission to explore the ultra-high energy universe from space, JEM-EUSO observes the Earth’s atmosphere at night to record the ultraviolet tracks generated by the extensive air showers. We present the expected geometrical aperture and annual exposure in the nadir and tilt modes for ultra-high energy cosmic rays observation as a function of the altitude of the International Space Station. Fil: Bertaina, M.. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; Italia Fil: Bobik, P.. Institute of Experimental Physics; Eslovaquia Fil: Fenu, F.. University of Tubingen; Alemania Fil: Shinozaki, K.. RIKEN; Japón Fil: Adams, J. H.. University of Alabama in Huntsville; Estados Unidos Fil: Ahmad, S.. Ecole Polytechnique; Francia Fil: Albert, J. N.. Univ Paris-Sud; Francia Fil: Allard, D.. Univ Paris Diderot; Francia Fil: Anchordoqui, L.. University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee; Estados Unidos Fil: Andreev, V.. University of California; Estados Unidos Fil: Anzalone, A.. Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Palermo; Italia Fil: Arai, Y.. High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK); Japón Fil: Asano, K.. Tokyo Institute of Technology; Japón Fil: Ave Pernas, M.. Universidad de Alcalá; España Fil: Baragatti, P.. UTIU, Dipartimento di Ingegneria; Italia Fil: Barrillon, P.. Univ Paris-Sud; Francia Fil: Batsch, T.. National Centre for Nuclear Research; Polonia Fil: Bayer, J.. University of Tubingen; Alemania Fil: Bechini, R.. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; Italia Fil: Belenguer, T.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnica Aeroespacial (INTA); España Fil: Bellotti, R.. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; Italia Fil: Belov, K.. University of California; Estados Unidos Fil: Berlind, A. A.. Vanderbilt University; Estados Unidos Fil: Biermann, P. L.. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Alemania Fil: Biktemerova, S.. Joint Institute for Nuclear Research; Rusia Fil: Blaksley, C.. Univ Paris Diderot; Francia Fil: Blanc, N.. Swiss Center for Electronics and Microtechnology (CSEM); Suiza Fil: Blecki, J.. Space Research Centre of the Polish Academy of Sciences (CBK); Polonia Fil: Supanitsky, Alberto Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciónes Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio. - Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio; Argentina Fil: The JEM-EUSO Collaboration.

Published
2014
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43. Erratum to: Performances of JEM-EUSO: angular reconstruction

Author

H. Sato, A. Guzman, David B. Cline, E. G. Judd, Katsuhiko Tsuno, I. Rodríguez, Roberto Bellotti, James H. Adams, I. Kreykenbohm, M. Ave Pernas, Vladimir Andreev, K. Mase, R. Young, M. Sakata, N. Tone, S. Ahmad, Massimiliano Bonamente, Ovidiu Vaduvescu, Yoshihiko Mizumoto, Katsuaki Asano, Toshikazu Ebisuzaki, T. Shirahama, C. González Alvarado, Francesco Fenu, M. Lacombe, N. Inoue, L. del Peral, A. Franceschi, E. Parizot, F. Tajima, E. Kuznetsov, Andreas A. Berlind, Daisuke Yonetoku, Claudio Cassardo, Graciela B. Gelmini, J. N. Capdevielle, L. Santiago Crúz, M. Wille, M. Nagano Murakami, Y. Uchihori, Alexander Kusenko, J. Hernández Carretero, B. Mot, M. Di Martino, A. Marini, Y. Hachisu, G. Osteria, Satoshi Wada, T. Ogawa, Silvia Ferrarese, Francesco Isgrò, F. Dulucq, T. Tymieniecka, J. Błȩcki, H. Prieto, H. Lim, M. C. Maccarone, M. Sanz Palomino, Y. Arai, N. Tajima, T. Murakami, J. Sledd, Shigehiro Nagataki, D. Kolev, H. Ikeda, R. Cremonini, B. Keilhauer, G. Prévôt, J. A. Morales de los Ríos, J. Karczmarczyk, Yukihiro Takahashi, J. Watts, M. Unger, M. Yu. Zotov, Susana Briz, J. N. Albert, Ke Fang, Thomas Schanz, K. Słomińska, C. Pennypacker, B. Pastircak, Barbara Szabelska, T. Peter, Susumu Inoue, Piotr Orleanski, Frederic Jean Ronga, D. Ikeda, Livio Conti, Y. Yamamoto, A. Zuccaro Marchi, Valerie Connaughton, H. H. Silva Lopez, G. Distratis, Angela V. Olinto, Fernando López, Andrea Santangelo, Jörn Wilms, O. A. Saprykin, M. Nagata, Marco Casolino, Claudio Fornaro, Hanna Rothkaehl, I. Fernández-Gómez, M. Karus, Pierre Barrillon, M. Bogomilov, C. De Donato, F. Sarazin, Marc Weber, Alberto Cellino, Soon-Wook Kim, Gali Garipov, Domenico Finco, Dmitry V. Naumov, Andrii Neronov, G. Roudil, J. S. Kim, P. L. Biermann, F. Cafagna, G. Modestino, E. Joven, M. I. Panasyuk, L. R. Wiencke, V. S. Morozenko, A. Jung, M. Putis, F. Kajino, A. Sobey, Hiroyuki Sagawa, B. Harlov, Carlo Vigorito, C. Lachaud, S. Dagoret-Campagne, Yoshitaka Itow, I. Rusinov, T. Mernik, M. Flamini, G. Giraudo, K. Higashide, A. Insolia, M. Kleifges, P. Picozza, J. Lee, K. Kudela, T. Paul, K. Yoshida, M. Dupieux, Thomas J. Weiler, D. Maravilla, H. W. Park, S. Perez Cano, Y. Takizawa, C. Blaksley, T. Shibata, J. F. Valdés-Galicia, L. G. Tkachev, Y. Karadzhov, K. Shinozaki, Marcos Reyes, S. Csorna, G. Vankova, R. Nava, N. Sakaki, Maxim Gonchar, Hirohiko M. Shimizu, Z. Włodarczyk, G. Medina-Tanco, A. Dell’Oro, Toshitaka Kajino, L. Valore, S. Biktemerova, M. Rybczyński, Rossella Caruso, K. Kawai, S. Sánchez, G. Castellinic, Alfonso Monaco, Toshiyuki Nonaka, C. Moretto, P. Galeotti, Akinori Saito, Markus Roth, R. Bechini, Simona Toscano, C. Tenzer, T. Sugiyama, P. Gorodetzky, G. Cordero, J. Geary, Tadeusz Wibig, Ralph Engel, N. De Simone, Fausto Guarino, P. von Ballmoos, M. Ricci, Jianyi Yang, Taka Tomida, Shigeto Watanabe, Javier Licandro, P. Prat, A. Haungs, Yoshimasa Kurihara, Hajime Yano, S. Selmane, Lech Wiktor Piotrowski, H. Schieler, S. Piraino, Tokonatsu Yamamoto, P. Baragatti, Mitsuteru Sato, I. V. Yashin, S. Yoshida, J. Szabelski, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, Frederic Trillaud, G. Catalano, R. Matev, T. Pierog, J. Watanabe, L. Marcelli, M. Takeda, C. De Santis, H. Tokuno, M. Suzuki, D. Campana, A. Anzalone, T. Napolitano, D. Monnier-Ragaigne, A. Segreto, Inkyu Park, T. Patzak, Y. Miyazaki, M. D. Rodríguez Frías, Mark Christl, O. Martinez, O. Tibolla, Tomás Belenguer, Patrick J. Reardon, A. Bruno, Z. Plebaniak, J. Blümer, R. Tsenov, K. Belov, C. Catalano, N. Blanc, Toshiki Tajima, G. Siemieniec-Oziȩbło, S. Falk, A. Pollini, G. Masciantonio, Hitoshi Ohmori, Pavel Klimov, Karl Mannheim, Michael S. Briggs, A. J. de Castro, Michiyuki Chikawa, Yoshiya Kawasaki, H. J. Crawford, D. Semikoz, L. Villaseñor, D. Allard, G. Sáez-Cano, M. Serra, Luis A. Anchordoqui, S. A. Sharakin, M. E. Bertaina, T. Batsch, S. Blin-Bondil, Ken'ichi Nomoto, I. Kaneko, Piero Vallania, D. Supanitsky, M. D. Sabau, J. Bayer, C. de la Taille, K. Katahira, A. Ebersoldt, Shoichi Ogio, Yoshiki Tsunesada, Hajime Takami, Masaki Fukushima, T. Nakamura, B. A. Khrenov, H. Miyamoto, J. Fujimoto, P. Bobik, and Valentina Scotti

Subjects
Physics, Particle physics, Space and Planetary Science, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics
Abstract

The online version of the original article can be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10686-013-9371-0 .

Published
2015
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44. Size-dependent work function and catalytic performance of gold nanoparticles decorated graphene oxide sheets

Author

Nguyen Tri Khoa, Soon Wook Kim, Dae-Hwang Yoo, Eui Jung Kim, and Sung Hong Hahn

Subjects
Graphene, Reducing agent, Process Chemistry and Technology, Inorganic chemistry, Oxide, Catalysis, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, Sodium borohydride, Adsorption, chemistry, Chemical engineering, law, Colloidal gold, Work function
Abstract

We investigated the size-dependent work function and catalytic performance of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) decorated graphene oxide (GO). The ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopic analysis revealed that the work function decreased from 5.76 to 5.35 eV as the AuNP size was reduced from 40 to 5 nm. The catalytic performance of GO:AuNP hybrids was evaluated from the reduction of o-nitroaniline to 1,2-benzenediamine using sodium borohydride as a reducing agent. A considerable increase of the reaction rate constant with decreasing AuNP size is due to the enhanced surface interaction of AuNPs. Improved o-nitroaniline adsorption and electron transfer at the Au/GO interface leads to better catalytic activity, and this is more noticeable at an AuNP size of 5 nm. Our result indicates that GO:AuNP hybrids have considerable potential for use in industry wastewater treatment.

Published
2014
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45. Hydrothermally controlled ZnO nanosheet self-assembled hollow spheres/hierarchical aggregates and their photocatalytic activities

Author

Dae-Hwang Yoo, Soon Wook Kim, Nguyen Tri Khoa, Eui Jung Kim, Sung Hong Hahn, and Doan Van Thuan

Subjects
Materials science, Quantum yield, Nanotechnology, General Chemistry, Condensed Matter Physics, Hydrothermal circulation, Absorbance, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Photocatalysis, General Materials Science, Irradiation, Methylene blue, Trisodium citrate, Nanosheet
Abstract

We synthesized ZnO nano-micro structures, including microrods, nanosheets, a nanosheet self-assembled hollow sphere (NSHS), and a hollow hierarchical aggregate (HHA) by changing the concentration of trisodium citrate in a hydrothermal process. The NSHS was formed by the self-assembly of 2D nanosheets on the surface of a formaldehyde bubble, while the HHA was obtained by the self-assembly and hierarchical arrangement of NSHS. The photocatalytic activities of the ZnO structures were evaluated from the degradation of methylene blue under visible and black light irradiation. The NSHS showed better photocatalytic performance due to its excellent photon absorbance, low defect density and low emission quantum yield compared with the HHA. Furthermore, the size and number of the 2D nanosheets hydrothermally grown on the NSHS bubble template were controlled by changing the growth temperature.

Published
2014
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46. Relationship Between Wafer-Level Warpage and Cu Overburden Thickness Controlled by Isotropic Wet Etching for Through Si Vias

Author

Jae Woong Choi, Ramana Murthy, Gil Ho Hwang, Steven Lee Hou Jang, Soon Wook Kim, Hongyu Li, Eugene Tan Swee Kiat, and Lee Guan Ong

Subjects
Overburden, Materials science, Annealing (metallurgy), Metallurgy, Wafer, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Reactive-ion etching, Electroplating, Wafer-level packaging, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Grain size, Bevel, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Abstract

In this paper, we developed an isotropic wet etching process in a capsule-type bevel etch chamber to reduce a Cu overburden of through Si via (TSV) for less wafer-level warpage with 300 mm wafers. We report the relationship between the wafer-level warpage and the Cu overburden thicknesses controlled by the isotropic wet etching with diluted solution of hydrogen peroxide and sulfuric acid, which is widely used for Cu wet etching. After Cu filling by electroplating, there are humps at the top of the TSVs; therefore, the isotropic wet etching can be considered as a solution to etch away the Cu overburden without any damages on the TSVs. We modified the capsule-type bevel etch chamber to avoid serious attack on TSVs at the center area of the wafer caused by the etchant delivery path. We also adjusted the process parameters to have a controllable Cu etch rate. The etch rate of ~ 0.2 μm/s and the uniformity of ~ 3% were achieved. The overburden was able to be etched up to 3 μm m from the initial Cu overburden. While the Cu overburden decreased during the isotropic wet etching, the TSVs were protected from the etchant because of the humps at the top of the TSVs. After the Cu electroplating, there was a grain size difference between the Cu at TSV and the Cu at field area. Because the microstructural difference caused a galvanic corrosion during the wet etching, the etch rate of the adjacent Cu around TSV was faster than the Cu at any other area. That resulted in exposure of dielectric layer at the adjacent area around TSVs when the Cu overburden was etched heavily. It may be another protection mechanism of TSV during the isotropic wet etching. The wafer-level warpage of the wafer with the Cu overburden etched up to 3 μm after the annealing decreased by 50% from that of the wafer with the initial Cu overburden. The wafer-level warpage exhibited a linear relationship with the Cu overburden thickness controlled by the isotropic wet etching.

Published
2013
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47. Meteor studies in the framework of the JEM-EUSO program

Author

M. Dupieux, S. Bartocci, T. Shibata, Francesco Isgrò, K. Kudela, J. N. Albert, M. Di Martino, A. Marini, S. Blin-Bondil, Frederic Jean Ronga, Mohammed Bakiri, Thomas Schanz, O. Larsson, B. Mot, Silvia Ferrarese, T. Djemil, Alberto Cellino, Livio Conti, K. Martens, G. Osteria, T. Tymieniecka, J. Sledd, G. Cordero, L. R. Wiencke, A. Zuccaro Marchi, G. Roudil, Jörn Wilms, M. Rybczyński, R. Bechini, Patrick J. Reardon, M. Haiduc, Lech Wiktor Piotrowski, Yukihiro Takahashi, José Luis Sánchez, R. Young, O. A. Saprykin, Sug Whan Kim, Y. Karadzhov, M. Nagano, Toshiki Tajima, H. Khales, B. Harlov, Carlo Vigorito, G. Sáez Cano, M. Sakata, Massimiliano Bonamente, A. Belov, T. Shirahama, Marco Casolino, G. Siemieniec-Oziȩbło, Hitoshi Ohmori, Yoshiya Kawasaki, Andreas A. Berlind, Alfonso Monaco, W. Hidber, Claudio Fornaro, Takuji Nakamura, E. Kuznetsov, F. Kanouni, Jianyi Yang, K. Benmessai, Katsuaki Asano, Yoshitaka Itow, Shigeto Watanabe, O. Martinez, J. Błȩcki, Tokonatsu Yamamoto, E. Bozzo, D. Allard, Barbara Szabelska, C. González Alvarado, J. Geary, Mikhail Panasyuk, Shinsuke Abe, Alexander Kusenko, E. M. Popescu, Hajime Yano, S. Yoshida, J. Szabelski, T. Peter, Gustavo Alonso, G. Castellini, M. E. Bertaina, M. Ave Pernas, R. Matev, J. Fujimoto, C. De Santis, Sebastián Franchini, Piotr Orleanski, H. Lim, M. D. Rodríguez Frías, N. Tajima, M. Takeda, Shigehiro Nagataki, A. Neronov, M. C. Maccarone, H. Miyamoto, Ken'ichi Nomoto, F. Dulucq, L. Santiago Crúz, M. Fouka, L. Caramete, M. Suzuki, W. Aouimeur, Amine Ahriche, M. Sanz Palomino, J. F. Valdés-Galicia, L. G. Tkachev, H. Tahi, Satoshi Wada, T. Ogawa, M. C. Talai, K. Słomińska, Markus Roth, K. Shinozaki, Angela V. Olinto, Z. Plebaniak, D. Kolev, M. Flamini, F. Bisconti, L. Mehrad, Michiyuki Chikawa, F. Tajima, A. Kedadra, S. Csorna, G. Vankova, J. Fernández-Soriano, Andrea Santangelo, Gali Garipov, Y. Takizawa, P. L. Biermann, S. Bacholle, D. Maravilla, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, Valerie Connaughton, R. Guehaz, R. Attallah, P. Gorodetzky, Giuseppe Giraudo, T. Paul, A. Ebersoldt, S. Biktemerova, I. Dutan, Nicusor Arsene, A. Acheli, Piero Vallania, H. Tokuno, Ralph Engel, Fausto Guarino, A. Guzmán, C. Lachaud, I. Rusinov, Toshiyuki Nonaka, B. Vlcek, M. D. Sabau, L. Placidi, M. Wille, A. Sobey, Y. Uchihori, J. Hernández Carretero, A. Nardelli, H. Prieto, M. Kleifges, M. Unger, S. Dagoret-Campagne, C. De Donato, R. Cremonini, P. von Ballmoos, M. Ricci, M. Perdichizzi, Soon-Wook Kim, John N. Matthews, L. Villaseñor, H. Ikeda, Francesco Fenu, Naoto Sakaki, Yoshihiko Mizumoto, G. Masciantonio, Z. Włodarczyk, R. Tsenov, D. Monnier-Ragaigne, A. Segreto, Javier Licandro, Sergio Fernández-González, L. López Campano, Toshitaka Kajino, Belkacem Benadda, Tomás Belenguer, K. Higashide, C. Moretto, P. Galeotti, Valentina Scotti, M. Traïche, G. Medina-Tanco, Marcos Reyes, A. Pollini, Pavel Klimov, B. Panico, Takayuki Tomida, J. Bayer, J. Jochum, Graciela B. Gelmini, N. Blanc, H. Attoui, C. Tenzer, T. Sugiyama, Hajime Takami, H. J. Crawford, J. Karczmarczyk, Tadeusz Wibig, Masaki Fukushima, G. Chiritoi, J. L. Marcos, M. Mahdi, Y. Hachisu, F. Perfetto, A. Jung, F. Cafagna, G. Modestino, Y. Arai, C. de la Taille, T. Pierog, E. Joven, K. Katahira, J. Watanabe, N. Inoue, L. del Peral, A. Franceschi, E. Parizot, Pavol Bobik, D. Kang, D. Ikeda, Isabel Pérez-Grande, Johannes Eser, Y. Yamamoto, M. Rahmani, H. Lahmar, Osvaldo Catalano, B. Pastirčák, Simona Toscano, F. Sarazin, M. Serra, Luis A. Anchordoqui, T. Batsch, Jeong Sook Kim, N. Tone, Daisuke Yonetoku, Marc Weber, J. A. Morales de los Ríos, G. Abdellaoui, Pierre Barrillon, I. Kaneko, P. Baragatti, Ovidiu Vaduvescu, Santiago Pindado, B. A. Khrenov, Eduardo García-Ortega, Estíbaliz Gascón, M. Lacombe, Guillaume Prévôt, Hanna Rothkaehl, M. Yu. Zotov, R. Nava, Piergiorgio Picozza, Sergei A. Sharakin, N. Mebarki, Susumu Inoue, A. Haungs, S. Piraino, Claudio Cassardo, W. Painter, J. Rabanal, Dmitri Semikoz, B. Nadji, J. Mimouni, M. A. Mendoza, D. Campana, I. S. Zgura, Rossella Caruso, F. Lakhdari, M. Bogomilov, V. S. Morozenko, I. V. Yashin, M. Nagata, Inkyu Park, L. Marcelli, M. Putis, Y. Miyazaki, A. Weindl, Andrés Merino, A. Bruno, Yoshimasa Kurihara, J. C. Sanchez, H. Schieler, J. Lee, Antonella Castellina, Mitsuteru Sato, Mark Christl, F. Kajino, T. Jammer, O. Tibolla, Michael S. Briggs, Dmitry V. Naumov, P. Carlson, T. Mernik, T. Patzak, T. Murakami, J.N. Capdevielle, H. W. Park, Francesca Capel, S. Pliego, Thomas J. Weiler, S. Mackovjak, D. Supanitsky, R. Weigand Muñoz, Shoichi Ogio, I. Stan, K. Kawai, Akinori Saito, A. Caramete, K. S. Caballero, Hiroyuki Sagawa, A. Radu, Maxim Gonchar, Hirohiko M. Shimizu, S. A. Djenas, S. Kalli, J. Watts, C. Pennypacker, M. Vrabel, P. Prat, Z. Sahnoune, M. Karus, Domenico Finco, Roberto Bellotti, K. Mase, James H. Adams, H. Sato, Octavian Micu, E. G. Judd, Katsuhiko Tsuno, I. Kreykenbohm, Vladimir Andreev, Y. Martín, S. Ahmad, A. Anzalone, T. Napolitano, Christer Fuglesang, José Meseguer, Angel Sanz-Andrés, Y. Tsunesada, J. Genci, K. Belov, C. Catalano, M. Rezazadeh, S. Selmane, Toshikazu Ebisuzaki, S. Messaoud, Ke Fang, R. Boudaoud, Abdellaoui, G., Abe, S., Acheli, A., Adams, J. H., Ahmad, S., Ahriche, A., Albert, J. N., Allard, D., Alonso, G., Anchordoqui, L., Andreev, V., Anzalone, A., Aouimeur, W., Arai, Y., Arsene, N., Asano, K., Attallah, R., Attoui, H., Ave Pernas, M., Bacholle, S., Bakiri, M., Baragatti, P., Barrillon, P., Bartocci, S., Batsch, T., Bayer, J., Bechini, R., Belenguer, T., Bellotti, R., Belov, A., Belov, K., Benadda, B., Benmessai, K., Berlind, A. A., Bertaina, M., Biermann, P. L., Biktemerova, S., Bisconti, F., Blanc, N., Błȩcki, J., Blin Bondil, S., Bobik, P., Bogomilov, M., Bonamente, M., Boudaoud, R., Bozzo, E., Briggs, M. S., Bruno, A., Caballero, K. S., Cafagna, F., Campana, D., Capdevielle, J. N., Capel, F., Caramete, A., Caramete, L., Carlson, P., Caruso, R., Casolino, M., Cassardo, C., Castellina, A., Castellini, G., Catalano, C., Catalano, O., Cellino, A., Chikawa, M., Chiritoi, G., Christl, M. J., Connaughton, V., Conti, L., Cordero, G., Crawford, H. J., Cremonini, R., Csorna, S., Dagoret Campagne, S., De Donato, C., de la Taille, C., De Santis, C., del Peral, L., Di Martino, M., Djemil, T., Djenas, S. A., Dulucq, F., Dupieux, M., Dutan, I., Ebersoldt, A., Ebisuzaki, T., Engel, R., Eser, J., Fang, K., Fenu, F., Fernández González, S., Fernández Soriano, J., Ferrarese, S., Finco, D., Flamini, M., Fornaro, C., Fouka, M., Franceschi, A., Franchini, S., Fuglesang, C., Fujimoto, J., Fukushima, M., Galeotti, P., García Ortega, E., Garipov, G., Gascón, E., Geary, J., Gelmini, G., Genci, J., Giraudo, G., Gonchar, M., González Alvarado, C., Gorodetzky, P., Guarino, Fausto, Guehaz, R., Guzmán, A., Hachisu, Y., Haiduc, M., Harlov, B., Haungs, A., Hernández Carretero, J., Hidber, W., Higashide, K., Ikeda, D., Ikeda, H., Inoue, N., Inoue, S., Isgro', Francesco, Itow, Y., Jammer, T., Joven, E., Judd, E. G., Jung, A., Jochum, J., Kajino, F., Kajino, T., Kalli, S., Kaneko, I., Kang, D., Kanouni, F., Karadzhov, Y., Karczmarczyk, J., Karus, M., Katahira, K., Kawai, K., Kawasaki, Y., Kedadra, A., Khales, H., Khrenov, B. A., Kim, Jeong Sook, Kim, Soon Wook, Kim, Sug Whan, Kleifges, M., Klimov, P. A., Kolev, D., Kreykenbohm, I., Kudela, K., Kurihara, Y., Kusenko, A., Kuznetsov, E., Lacombe, M., Lachaud, C., Lahmar, H., Lakhdari, F., Larsson, O., Lee, J., Licandro, J., Lim, H., López Campano, L., Maccarone, M. C., Mackovjak, S., Mahdi, M., Maravilla, D., Marcelli, L., Marcos, J. L., Marini, A., Martens, K., Martín, Y., Martinez, O., Masciantonio, G., Mase, K., Matev, R., Matthews, J. N., Mebarki, N., Medina Tanco, G., Mehrad, L., Mendoza, M. A., Merino, A., Mernik, T., Meseguer, J., Messaoud, S., Micu, O., Mimouni, J., Miyamoto, H., Miyazaki, Y., Mizumoto, Y., Modestino, G., Monaco, A., Monnier Ragaigne, D., Morales de los Ríos, J. A., Moretto, C., Morozenko, V. S., Mot, B., Murakami, T., Nadji, B., Nagano, M., Nagata, M., Nagataki, S., Nakamura, T., Napolitano, T., Nardelli, A., Naumov, D., Nava, R., Neronov, A., Nomoto, K., Nonaka, T., Ogawa, T., Ogio, S., Ohmori, H., Olinto, A. V., Orleański, P., Osteria, G., Painter, W., Panasyuk, M. I., Panico, B., Parizot, E., Park, I. H., Park, H. W., Pastircak, B., Patzak, T., Paul, T., Pennypacker, C., Perdichizzi, M., Pérez Grande, I., Perfetto, Francesco, Peter, T., Picozza, P., Pierog, T., Pindado, S., Piotrowski, L. W., Piraino, S., Placidi, L., Plebaniak, Z., Pliego, S., Pollini, A., Popescu, E. M., Prat, P., Prévôt, G., Prieto, H., Putis, M., Rabanal, J., Radu, A. A., Rahmani, M., Reardon, P., Reyes, M., Rezazadeh, M., Ricci, M., Rodríguez Frías, M. D., Ronga, F., Roth, M., Rothkaehl, H., Roudil, G., Rusinov, I., Rybczyński, M., Sabau, M. D., Sáez Cano, G., Sagawa, H., Sahnoune, Z., Saito, A., Sakaki, N., Sakata, M., Salazar, H., Sanchez, J. C., Sánchez, J. L., Santangelo, A., Santiago Crúz, L., Sanz Andrés, A., Sanz Palomino, M., Saprykin, O., Sarazin, F., Sato, H., Sato, M., Schanz, T., Schieler, H., Scotti, Valentina, Segreto, A., Selmane, S., Semikoz, D., Serra, M., Sharakin, S., Shibata, T., Shimizu, H. M., Shinozaki, K., Shirahama, T., Siemieniec Oziȩbło, G., Sledd, J., Słomińska, K., Sobey, A., Stan, I., Sugiyama, T., Supanitsky, D., Suzuki, M., Szabelska, B., Szabelski, J., Tahi, H., Tajima, F., Tajima, N., Tajima, T., Takahashi, Y., Takami, H., Takeda, M., Takizawa, Y., Talai, M. C., Tenzer, C., Tibolla, O., Tkachev, L., Tokuno, H., Tomida, T., Tone, N., Toscano, S., Traïche, M., Tsenov, R., Tsunesada, Y., Tsuno, K., Tymieniecka, T., Uchihori, Y., Unger, M., Vaduvescu, O., Valdés Galicia, J. F., Vallania, P., Vankova, G., Vigorito, C., Villaseñor, L., Vlcek, B., von Ballmoos, P., Vrabel, M., Wada, S., Watanabe, J., Watanabe, S., Null, J. Watts J. r., Weber, M., Weigand Muñoz, R., Weindl, A., Weiler, T. J., Wibig, T., Wiencke, L., Wille, M., Wilms, J., Włodarczyk, Z., Yamamoto, T., Yamamoto, Y., Yang, J., Yano, H., Yashin, I. V., Yonetoku, D., Yoshida, S., Young, R., Zgura, I. S, Zotov, M. Y. u., and Zuccaro Marchi, A.

Subjects
Physics, Meteor (satellite), Mini-EUSO, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteors, JEM-EUSO, EUSO-TA, Astronomy, Nuclearites, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Preliminary analysis, Aeronáutica, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing
Abstract

著者人数: 360名 (JAXA職員: 池田, 博一 ; 鈴木, 睦 ; 矢野, 創), Accepted: 2016-12-08, 資料番号: SA1170070000

Published
2017
Full Text
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48. Cosmic ray oriented performance studies for the JEM-EUSO first level trigger

Author

H. Sato, T. Djemil, Alberto Cellino, Octavian Micu, Javier Licandro, M. D. Rodríguez Frías, Z. Plebaniak, N. Guardone, Katsuhiko Tsuno, A. Belov, L. R. Wiencke, N. Tone, G. Cordero, A. Anzalone, T. Napolitano, Michiyuki Chikawa, Katsuaki Asano, A. Ebersoldt, Daisuke Yonetoku, I. S. Zgura, Roberto Bellotti, M. Mahdi, T. Pierog, Yoshimasa Kurihara, H. Schieler, E. M. Popescu, Antonella Castellina, Mitsuteru Sato, T. Jammer, K. S. Caballero, Hiroyuki Sagawa, Christer Fuglesang, J. Watanabe, G. Roudil, K. Mase, Graciela B. Gelmini, G. Chiritoi, Y. Hachisu, F. Perfetto, Y. Yamamoto, B. Pastirčák, J. Geary, H. Khales, José Meseguer, Angel Sanz-Andrés, Osvaldo Catalano, Santiago Pindado, Junpei Fujimoto, B. A. Khrenov, S. Pliego, Thomas J. Weiler, Pierre Barrillon, Eduardo García-Ortega, Sergei A. Sharakin, Massimiliano Bonamente, James H. Adams, Y. Tsunesada, H. Lahmar, Patrick J. Reardon, Toshiki Tajima, G. Siemieniec-Oziȩbło, Satoshi Wada, T. Ogawa, M. Yu. Zotov, J. Genci, Piergiorgio Picozza, N. Mebarki, Mohammed Bakiri, C. Catalano, K. Benmessai, M. Suzuki, Valentina Scotti, Hitoshi Ohmori, G. Abdellaoui, Francesco Isgrò, Daisuke Ikeda, Belkacem Benadda, W. Painter, P. Gorodetzky, Yoshiya Kawasaki, E. Kuznetsov, Yoshihiko Mizumoto, R. Bechini, M. C. Talai, C. De La Taille, K. Shinozaki, A. Radu, F.J. Ronga, Alfonso Monaco, Shinsuke Abe, B. Nadji, E. Parizot, A. Guzmán, Toshitaka Kajino, K. Kawai, Ralph Engel, I. Kreykenbohm, Hajime Takami, Angela V. Olinto, Andrea Santangelo, D. Maravilla, S. Blin-Bondil, D. Allard, Vladimir Andreev, Masaki Fukushima, R. Nava, V. S. Morozenko, Akinori Saito, Maxim Gonchar, Hirohiko M. Shimizu, M. A. Mendoza, E. G. Judd, D. Kang, G. Castellini, Andreas A. Berlind, M. Rezazadeh, S. Selmane, Alexander Kusenko, K. Higashide, C. Moretto, P. Galeotti, Y. Martín, M. E. Bertaina, L. Villaseñor, C. De Santis, J. Yang, Rossella Caruso, J. Karczmarczyk, Shigeto Watanabe, Ken'ichi Nomoto, K. Słomińska, H. Attoui, C. Tenzer, F Dulucq, N. Inoue, S. Bacholle, John N. Matthews, Francesca Capel, J. F. Valdés-Galicia, L. G. Tkachev, H. Tahi, G. Vankova, Tokonatsu Yamamoto, Guillaume Prévôt, L. del Peral, A. Franceschi, Pavol Bobik, T. Sugiyama, Hajime Yano, Tadeusz Wibig, B. Mot, S. Dagoret-Campagne, S. Bartocci, E. Bozzo, M. Serra, Luis A. Anchordoqui, T. Shibata, M. Traïche, S. Mackovjak, J. Fernández-Soriano, D. Supanitsky, T. Batsch, Toshio Murakami, R. Young, M. Sakata, S. Biktemerova, Toshikazu Ebisuzaki, Yukihiro Takahashi, José Luis Sánchez, S. Ahmad, C. Lachaud, F. Cafagna, H. J. Crawford, O. Larsson, S. Messaoud, K. Kudela, G. Modestino, E. Joven, M. Rahmani, Giuseppe Giraudo, R. Weigand Muñoz, T. Shirahama, S. A. Djenas, S. Kalli, I. Kaneko, A. Haungs, S. Piraino, J. Watts, Hanna Rothkaehl, J. Mimouni, J. A. Morales de los Ríos, Toshiyuki Nonaka, Ovidiu Vaduvescu, M. Karus, L. Santiago Crúz, M. Bogomilov, Josef Jochum, F. Bisconti, M. Lacombe, Claudio Cassardo, Shoichi Ogio, M. Flamini, Silvia Ferrarese, C. Pennypacker, Marco Casolino, Claudio Fornaro, Susumu Inoue, Tomás Belenguer, J. Błȩcki, L. Mehrad, M. Vrabel, P. Prat, Piotr Orleanski, Ke Fang, Mikhail Panasyuk, F. Kajino, Andrés Merino, Y. Takizawa, M. Fouka, P. L. Biermann, Z. Sahnoune, D. Kolev, H. Lim, J. C. Sanchez, Maciej Rybczyński, G. Sáez Cano, D. Monnier-Ragaigne, A. Segreto, W. Aouimeur, A. Neronov, M. C. Maccarone, B. Harlov, I. Rusinov, P. Carlson, T. Mernik, A. Jung, H. W. Park, R. Boudaoud, M. Dupieux, I. V. Yashin, Carlo Vigorito, Domenico Finco, A. Kedadra, T. Paul, Valerie Connaughton, Marcos Reyes, R. Guehaz, N. Blanc, M. Ave Pernas, T. Nakamura, Yoshio Arai, L. Marcelli, I. Dutan, L. Placidi, A. Sobey, Francesco Fenu, Piero Vallania, S. E. Csorna, G. Masciantonio, G. Medina-Tanco, J. L. Marcos, M. D. Sabau, Johannes Eser, H. Prieto, R. Cremonini, H. Ikeda, Naoto Sakaki, G. Cotto, Markus Roth, C. De Donato, L. López Campano, Sergio Fernández-González, Takayuki Tomida, Nicusor Arsene, J. Bayer, A. Insolia, M. Kleifges, N. Tajima, M. Takeda, Soon-Wook Kim, J. Rabanal, J. Hernández Carretero, Fausto Guarino, P. von Ballmoos, M. Ricci, A. Bruno, M. Unger, Shigehiro Nagataki, K. Katahira, Isabel Pérez-Grande, F. Sarazin, Zbigniew Wlodarczyk, Marc Weber, R. Matev, Simona Toscano, Michael S. Briggs, M. Haiduc, Lech Wiktor Piotrowski, S. Yoshida, J. Szabelski, Estíbaliz Gascón, O. Martinez, T. Patzak, M. Nagata, Dmitry V. Naumov, J.N. Capdevielle, I. Stan, A. Caramete, K. Martens, Konstantin Belov, Joowon Lee, F. Tajima, A. Acheli, J. N. Albert, Thomas Schanz, M. Wille, Livio Conti, Y. Uchihori, A. Zuccaro Marchi, Jörn Wilms, O. A. Saprykin, Sug Whan Kim, F. Kanouni, Sebastián Franchini, Gali Garipov, R. Attallah, D. Campana, F. Lakhdari, Barbara Szabelska, Inkyu Park, M. Putis, Y. Miyazaki, A. Weindl, T. Peter, B. Vlcek, Mark Christl, Gustavo Alonso, O. Tibolla, Jeong Sook Kim, C. González Alvarado, P. Baragatti, H. Miyamoto, M. Manfrin, Yoshitaka Itow, L. Caramete, M. Sanz Palomino, Y. Karadzhov, Amine Ahriche, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, G. Contino, H. Tokuno, W. Hidber, R. Tsenov, R. Forza, A. Pollini, Pavel Klimov, B. Panico, M. Mignone, M. Di Martino, A. Marini, G. Osteria, D.V. Semikoz, T. Tymieniecka, J. Sledd, M. Nagano, Abdellaoui, G., Abe, S., Acheli, A., Adams, J. H., Ahmad, S., Ahriche, A., Albert, J. N., Allard, D., Alonso, G., Anchordoqui, L., Andreev, V., Anzalone, A., Aouimeur, W., Arai, Y., Arsene, N., Asano, K., Attallah, R., Attoui, H., Ave pernas, M., Bacholle, S., Bakiri, M., Baragatti, P., Barrillon, P., Bartocci, S., Batsch, T., Bayer, J., Bechini, R., Belenguer, T., Bellotti, R., Belov, A., Belov, K., Benadda, B., Benmessai, K., Berlind, A. A., Bertaina, M., Biermann, P. L., Biktemerova, S., Bisconti, F., Blanc, N., Błȩcki, J., Blin Bondil, S., Bobik, P., Bogomilov, M., Bonamente, M., Boudaoud, R., Bozzo, E., Briggs, M. S., Bruno, A., Caballero, K. S., Cafagna, F., Campana, D., Capdevielle, J. N., Capel, F., Caramete, A., Caramete, L., Carlson, P., Caruso, R., Casolino, M., Cassardo, C., Castellina, A., Castellini, G., Catalano, C., Catalano, O., Cellino, A., Chikawa, M., Chiritoi, G., Christl, M. J., Connaughton, V., Conti, L., Contino, G., Cordero, G., Cotto, G., Crawford, H. J., Cremonini, R., Csorna, S., Dagoret Campagne, S., De donato, C., De la taille, C., De santis, C., Del peral, L., Di martino, M., Djemil, T., Djenas, S. A., Dulucq, F., Dupieux, M., Dutan, I., Ebersoldt, A., Ebisuzaki, T., Engel, R., Eser, J., Fang, K., Fenu, F., Fernández González, S., Fernández Soriano, J., Ferrarese, S., Finco, D., Flamini, M., Fornaro, C., Forza, R., Fouka, M., Franceschi, A., Franchini, S., Fuglesang, C., Fujimoto, J., Fukushima, M., Galeotti, P., García Ortega, E., Garipov, G., Gascón, E., Geary, J., Gelmini, G., Genci, J., Giraudo, G., Gonchar, M., González alvarado, C., Gorodetzky, P., Guardone, N., Guarino, Fausto, Guehaz, R., Guzmán, A., Hachisu, Y., Haiduc, M., Harlov, B., Haungs, A., Hernández carretero, J., Hidber, W., Higashide, K., Ikeda, D., Ikeda, H., Inoue, N., Inoue, S., Insolia, A., Isgro', Francesco, Itow, Y., Jammer, T., Joven, E., Judd, E. G., Jung, A., Jochum, J., Kajino, F., Kajino, T., Kalli, S., Kaneko, I., Kang, D., Kanouni, F., Karadzhov, Y., Karczmarczyk, J., Karus, M., Katahira, K., Kawai, K., Kawasaki, Y., Kedadra, A., Khales, H., Khrenov, B. A., Kim, Jeong Sook, Kim, Soon Wook, Kim, Sug Whan, Kleifges, M., Klimov, P. A., Kolev, D., Kreykenbohm, I., Kudela, K., Kurihara, Y., Kusenko, A., Kuznetsov, E., Lacombe, M., Lachaud, C., Lahmar, H., Lakhdari, F., Larsson, O., Lee, J., Licandro, J., Lim, H., López campano, L., Maccarone, M. C., Mackovjak, S., Mahdi, M., Manfrin, M., Maravilla, D., Marcelli, L., Marcos, J. L., Marini, A., Martens, K., Martín, Y., Martinez, O., Masciantonio, G., Mase, K., Matev, R., Matthews, J. N., Mebarki, N., Medina Tanco, G., Mehrad, L., Mendoza, M. A., Merino, A., Mernik, T., Meseguer, J., Messaoud, S., Micu, O., Mignone, M., Mimouni, J., Miyamoto, H., Miyazaki, Y., Mizumoto, Y., Modestino, G., Monaco, A., Monnier Ragaigne, D., Morales de los ríos, J. A., Moretto, C., Morozenko, V. S., Mot, B., Murakami, T., Nadji, B., Nagano, M., Nagata, M., Nagataki, S., Nakamura, T., Napolitano, T., Naumov, D., Nava, R., Neronov, A., Nomoto, K., Nonaka, T., Ogawa, T., Ogio, S., Ohmori, H., Olinto, A. V., Orleański, P., Osteria, G., Painter, W., Panasyuk, M. I., Panico, B., Parizot, E., Park, I. H., Park, H. W., Pastircak, B., Patzak, T., Paul, T., Pennypacker, C., Pérez Grande, I., Perfetto, Francesco, Peter, T., Picozza, P., Pierog, T., Pindado, S., Piotrowski, L. W., Piraino, S., Placidi, L., Plebaniak, Z., Pliego, S., Pollini, A., Popescu, E. M., Prat, P., Prévôt, G., Prieto, H., Putis, M., Rabanal, J., Radu, A. A., Rahmani, M., Reardon, P., Reyes, M., Rezazadeh, M., Ricci, M., Rodríguez frías, M. D., Ronga, F., Roth, M., Rothkaehl, H., Roudil, G., Rusinov, I., Rybczyński, M., Sabau, M. D., Sáez cano, G., Sagawa, H., Sahnoune, Z., Saito, A., Sakaki, N., Sakata, M., Salazar, H., Sanchez, J. C., Sánchez, J. L., Santangelo, A., Santiago crúz, L., Sanz Andrés, A., Sanz palomino, M., Saprykin, O., Sarazin, F., Sato, H., Sato, M., Schanz, T., Schieler, H., Scotti, Valentina, Segreto, A., Selmane, S., Semikoz, D., Serra, M., Sharakin, S., Shibata, T., Shimizu, H. 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Y. u., Zuccaro marchi, A., Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, and PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, data analysis method, Instrumentation, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Night sky, measurement methods, satellite, JEM-EUSO, FPGA, Nightglow background, Trigger system, Cosmic ray, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Aeronáutica, Telescope, nightglow background, law, 0103 physical sciences, International Space Station, cosmic radiation: UHE, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, background: suppression, Remote sensing, Physics, detector: wide-angle, trigger system, laser: pulsed, showers: atmosphere, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, trigger, Astronomía, Satellite, background: fluctuation, FPGA, JEM-EUSO, Nightglow background, Trigger system, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Instrumentation, Neutrino, Energy (signal processing), performance
Abstract

著者人数: 368名 (JAXA職員: 池田, 博一 ; 鈴木, 睦 ; 矢野, 創), Accepted: 2017-05-29, 資料番号: SA1170117000

Published
2017
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49. 3D-SoC integration utilizing high accuracy wafer level bonding

Author

Thomas Wagenleitner, Eric Beyne, Soon-Wook Kim, Maik Reichardt, Herbert Struyf, Erik Sleeckx, G. Beyer, Nancy Heylen, Andy Miller, Kenneth June Rebibis, Florian Kurz, and Lan Peng

Subjects
Imagination, Wire bonding, Interconnection, Materials science, Mechanical bond, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Audio time-scale/pitch modification, Electronic packaging, Insulator (electricity), Nanotechnology, Optoelectronics, Wafer, business, media_common
Abstract

This paper describes ultra-fine pitch 3D integration development using wafer level Cu/insulator hybrid bonding approach on 300mm substrate. Via-middle process with TSV dimension of 5×50μm is utilized to demonstrate and characterize vertical interconnects formed via face-to-face wafer-to-wafer (W2W) bonding. Key process steps are introduced with specific requirements and challenges. A non-SiO 2 insulator is studied and chosen to enable a high mechanical bond strength with a low temperature anneal (≤250 °C). High alignment accuracy (< 400nm) is achieved with an advanced bonding system, which allows comprehensive characterizations of interconnect pitch scaling through various test structures. Finally, a high repeatability of the electrical performance of 3.6 μm pitch bonded structures is demonstrated statistically across numerous wafer pairs thanks to the precise Cu-Cu contacts established during bonding.

Published
2016
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50. Interferometric Monitoring of Gamma-ray Bright AGNs I: Results of Single-epoch Multifrequency Observations

Author

Dae-Won Kim, Jeffrey A. Hodgson, Kiyoaki Wajima, Soon-Wook Kim, Sang-Sung Lee, Jae-Young Kim, Do-Young Byun, Jongho Park, Atsushi Miyazaki, Guang-Yao Zhao, Motoki Kino, Juan-Carlos Algaba, Jeong-Sook Kim, Sascha Trippe, and Sincheol Kang

Subjects
Physics, Spectral index, Active galactic nucleus, Gamma ray, Flux, FOS: Physical sciences, 020206 networking & telecommunications, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 02 engineering and technology, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Spectral line, Radio spectrum, Interferometry, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), 0103 physical sciences, Very-long-baseline interferometry, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics
Abstract

We present results of single-epoch very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations of gamma-ray bright active galactic nuclei (AGNs) using the Korean VLBI Network (KVN) at 22, 43, 86, and 129~GHz bands, which are part of a KVN key science program, Interferometric Monitoring of Gamma-ray Bright AGNs (iMOGABA). We selected a total of 34 radio-loud AGNs of which 30 sources are gamma-ray bright AGNs with flux densities of $>6\times10^{-10}$~ph~cm$^{-2}$~s$^{-1}$. Single-epoch multi-frequency VLBI observations of the target sources were conducted during a 24-hr session on 2013 November 19 and 20. All observed sources were detected and imaged at all frequency bands with or without a frequency phase transfer technique which enabled the imaging of 12 faint sources at 129~GHz, except for one source. Many of the target sources are resolved on milliarcsecond scales, yielding a core-jet structure with the VLBI core dominating the synchrotron emission on the milliarcsecond scale. CLEAN flux densities of the target sources are 0.43-28~Jy, 0.32-21~Jy, 0.18-11~Jy, and 0.35-8.0~Jy in the 22, 43, 86, and 129~GHz bands, respectively., 42 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables, to appear in ApJS

Published
2016

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