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1. Snowmass 2021 whitepaper: Proton structure at the precision frontier

Author

Amoroso, S., Apyan, A., Armesto, N., Ball, R. D., Bertone, V., Bissolotti, C., Bluemlein, J., Boughezal, R., Bozzi, G., Britzger, D., Buckley, A., Candido, A., Carrazza, S., Celiberto, F. G., Cerci, S., Chachamis, G., Cooper-Sarkar, A. M., Courtoy, A., Cridge, T., Cruz-Martinez, J. M., Giuli, F., Guzzi, M., Gwenlan, C., Harland-Lang, L. A., Hekhorn, F., Hobbs, T. J., Hoeche, S., Huss, A., Huston, J., Jalilian-Marian, J., Klein, M., Krintiras, G. K., Loizides, C., Lin, H. -W., Magni, G., Malaescu, B., Mistlberger, B., Moch, S., Nadolsky, P. M., Nocera, E. R., Olness, F. I., Petriello, F., Pires, J., Rabbertz, K., Rojo, J., Schnell, G., Schwan, C., Siodmok, A., Soper, D. E., Sutton, M., Thorne, R. S., Ubiali, M., Vita, G., Weber, J. H., Xie, K., Yuan, C. -P., and Zhou, B.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

An overwhelming number of theoretical predictions for hadron colliders require parton distribution functions (PDFs), which are an important ingredient of theory infrastructure for the next generation of high-energy experiments. This whitepaper summarizes the status and future prospects for determination of high-precision PDFs applicable in a wide range of energies and experiments, in particular in precision tests of the Standard Model and in new physics searches at the high-luminosity Large Hadron Collider and Electron-Ion Collider. We discuss the envisioned advancements in experimental measurements, QCD theory, global analysis methodology, and computing that are necessary to bring unpolarized PDFs in the nucleon to the N2LO and N3LO accuracy in the QCD coupling strength. Special attention is given to the new tasks that emerge in the era of the precision PDF analysis, such as those focusing on the robust control of systematic factors both in experimental measurements and theoretical computations. Various synergies between experimental and theoretical studies of the hadron structure are explored, including opportunities for studying PDFs for nuclear and meson targets, PDFs with electroweak contributions or dependence on the transverse momentum, for incisive comparisons between phenomenological models for the PDFs and computations on discrete lattice, and for cross-fertilization with machine learning/AI approaches. [Submitted to the US Community Study on the Future of Particle Physics (Snowmass 2021).], Comment: 83 pages, 27 figures, contribution to Snowmass 2021; v.3: journal version

Published
2022
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2. Event Generators for High-Energy Physics Experiments

Author

Campbell, J. M., Diefenthaler, M., Hobbs, T. J., Höche, S., Isaacson, J., Kling, F., Mrenna, S., Reuter, J., Alioli, S., Andersen, J. R., Andreopoulos, C., Ankowski, A. M., Aschenauer, E. C., Ashkenazi, A., Baker, M. D., Barrow, J. L., van Beekveld, M., Bewick, G., Bhattacharya, S., Bierlich, C., Bothmann, E., Bredt, P., Broggio, A., Buckley, A., Butter, A., Butterworth, J. M., Byrne, E. P., Calame, C. M. Carloni, Chakraborty, S., Chen, X., Chiesa, M., Childers, J. T., Cruz-Martinez, J., Currie, J., Darvishi, N., Dasgupta, M., Denner, A., Dreyer, F. A., Dytman, S., El-Menoufi, B. K., Engel, T., Ravasio, S. Ferrario, Figueroa, D., Flower, L., Forshaw, J. R., Frederix, R., Friedland, A., Frixione, S., Gallagher, H., Gallmeister, K., Gardiner, S., Gauld, R., Gaunt, J., Gavardi, A., Gehrmann, T., Ridder, A. Gehrmann-De, Gellersen, L., Giele, W., Gieseke, S., Giuli, F., Glover, E. W. N., Grazzini, M., Grohsjean, A., Gütschow, C., Hamilton, K., Han, T., Hatcher, R., Heinrich, G., Helenius, I., Hen, O., Hirschi, V., Höfer, M., Holguin, J., Huss, A., Ilten, P., Jadach, S., Jentsch, A., Jones, S. P., Ju, W., Kallweit, S., Karlberg, A., Katori, T., Kerner, M., Kilian, W., Kirchgaeßer, M. M., Klein, S., Knobbe, M., Krause, C., Krauss, F., Lang, J., Lang, J. -N., Lee, G., Li, S. W., Lim, M. A., Lindert, J. M., Lombardi, D., Lönnblad, L., Löschner, M., Lurkin, N., Ma, Y., Machado, P., Magerya, V., Maier, A., Majer, I., Maltoni, F., Marcoli, M., Marinelli, G., Masouminia, M. R., Mastrolia, P., Mattelaer, O., Mazzitelli, J., McFayden, J., Medves, R., Meinzinger, P., Mo, J., Monni, P. F., Montagna, G., Morgan, T., Mosel, U., Nachman, B., Nadolsky, P., Nagar, R., Nagy, Z., Napoletano, D., Nason, P., Neumann, T., Nevay, L. J., Nicrosini, O., Niehues, J., Niewczas, K., Ohl, T., Ossola, G., Pandey, V., Papadopoulou, A., Papaefstathiou, A., Paz, G., Pellen, M., Pelliccioli, G., Peraro, T., Piccinini, F., Pickering, L., Pires, J., Płaczek, W., Plätzer, S., Plehn, T., Pozzorini, S., Prestel, S., Preuss, C. T., Price, A. C., Quackenbush, S., Re, E., Reichelt, D., Reina, L., Reuschle, C., Richardson, P., Rocco, M., Rocco, N., Roda, M., Garcia, A. Rodriguez, Roiser, S., Rojo, J., Rottoli, L., Salam, G. P., Schönherr, M., Schuchmann, S., Schumann, S., Schürmann, R., Scyboz, L., Seymour, M. H., Siegert, F., Signer, A., Chahal, G. Singh, Siódmok, A., Sjöstrand, T., Skands, P., Smillie, J. M., Sobczyk, J. T., Soldin, D., Soper, D. E., Soto-Ontoso, A., Soyez, G., Stagnitto, G., Tena-Vidal, J., Tomalak, O., Tramontano, F., Trojanowski, S., Tu, Z., Uccirati, S., Ullrich, T., Ulrich, Y., Utheim, M., Valassi, A., Verbytskyi, A., Verheyen, R., Wagman, M., Walker, D., Webber, B. R., Weinstein, L., White, O., Whitehead, J., Wiesemann, M., Wilkinson, C., Williams, C., Winterhalder, R., Wret, C., Xie, K., Yang, T-Z., Yazgan, E., Zanderighi, G., Zanoli, S., and Zapp, K.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

We provide an overview of the status of Monte-Carlo event generators for high-energy particle physics. Guided by the experimental needs and requirements, we highlight areas of active development, and opportunities for future improvements. Particular emphasis is given to physics models and algorithms that are employed across a variety of experiments. These common themes in event generator development lead to a more comprehensive understanding of physics at the highest energies and intensities, and allow models to be tested against a wealth of data that have been accumulated over the past decades. A cohesive approach to event generator development will allow these models to be further improved and systematic uncertainties to be reduced, directly contributing to future experimental success. Event generators are part of a much larger ecosystem of computational tools. They typically involve a number of unknown model parameters that must be tuned to experimental data, while maintaining the integrity of the underlying physics models. Making both these data, and the analyses with which they have been obtained accessible to future users is an essential aspect of open science and data preservation. It ensures the consistency of physics models across a variety of experiments., Comment: 164 pages, 10 figures, contribution to Snowmass 2021

Published
2022

3. Les Houches 2019: Physics at TeV Colliders: Standard Model Working Group Report

Author

Amoroso, S., Azzurri, P., Bendavid, J., Bothmann, E., Britzger, D., Brooks, H., Buckley, A., Calvetti, M., Chen, X., Chiesa, M., Cieri, L., Ciulli, V., Cruz-Martinez, J., Cueto, A., Denner, A., Dittmaier, S., Donegà, M., Dührssen-Debling, M., Fabre, I., Ferrario-Ravasio, S., de Florian, D., Forte, S., Francavilla, P., Gehrmann, T., Ridder, A. Gehrmann-De, Gellersen, L., Glover, E. W. N., Gras, P., Gwenlan, C., Haddad, Y., Heinrich, G., Hessler, J., Hobbs, T. J., Höfer, M., Huss, A., Huston, J., Ježo, T., Jones, S. P., Kallweit, S., Klasen, M., Knippen, G., Larkoski, A., LeBlanc, M., Loch, P., Long, K., Maître, D., Marzani, S., Mazzitelli, J., Mcfayden, J. A., Metodiev, E., Michel, J. K. L., Llácer, M. Moreno, Nachman, B., Nadolsky, P., Napoletano, D., Nocera, E. R., Oleari, C., Pandini, C., Pellen, M., Pigazzini, S., Pires, J., Plätzer, S., Prestel, S., Rabbertz, K., Re, E., Richardson, P., Ringer, F., Rojo, J., Roloff, J., Röntsch, R., Schönherr, M., Schwan, C., Siegert, F., Soper, D., Soyez, G., Spira, M., Sutton, M. R., Tackmann, F. J., Theeuwes, V., Villani, S. L., Whitehead, J., Yang, H. T., and Zhou, J.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

This Report summarizes the proceedings of the 2019 Les Houches workshop on Physics at TeV Colliders. Session 1 dealt with (I) new developments for high precision Standard Model calculations, (II) the sensitivity of parton distribution functions to the experimental inputs, (III) new developments in jet substructure techniques and a detailed examination of gluon fragmentation at the LHC, (IV) issues in the theoretical description of the production of Standard Model Higgs bosons and how to relate experimental measurements, and (V) Monte Carlo event generator studies relating to PDF evolution and comparisons of important processes at the LHC., Comment: Proceedings of the Standard Model Working Group of the 2019 Les Houches Workshop, Physics at TeV Colliders, Les Houches 10-28 June 2019. 226 pages

Published
2020

4. Event generators for high-energy physics experiments

Author

Campbell, J, Diefenthaler, M, Hobbs, T, Hoche, S, Isaacson, J, Kling, F, Mrenna, S, Reuter, J, Alioli, S, Andersen, J, Andreopoulos, C, Ankowski, A, Aschenauer, E, Ashkenazi, A, Baker, M, Barrow, J, van Beekveld, M, Bewick, G, Bhattacharya, S, Bierlich, C, Bothmann, E, Bredt, P, Broggio, A, Buckley, A, Butter, A, Butterworth, J, Byrne, E, Calame, C, Chakraborty, S, Chen, X, Chiesa, M, Childers, J, Cruz-Martinez, J, Currie, J, Darvishi, N, Dasgupta, M, Denner, A, Dreyer, F, Dytman, S, El-Menoufi, B, Engel, T, Ravasio, S, Figueroa, D, Flower, L, Forshaw, J, Frederix, R, Friedland, A, Frixione, S, Gallagher, H, Gallmeister, K, Gardiner, S, Gauld, R, Gaunt, J, Gavardi, A, Gehrmann, T, De Ridder, A, Gellersen, L, Giele, W, Gieseke, S, Giuli, F, Glover, E, Grazzini, M, Grohsjean, A, Gutschow, C, Hamilton, K, Han, T, Hatcher, R, Heinrich, G, Helenius, I, Hen, O, Hirschi, V, Hofer, M, Holguin, J, Huss, A, Ilten, P, Jadach, S, Jentsch, A, Jones, S, Ju, W, Kallweit, S, Karlberg, A, Katori, T, Kerner, M, Kilian, W, Kirchgaesser, M, Klein, S, Knobbe, M, Krause, C, Krauss, F, Lang, J, Lee, G, Li, S, Lim, M, Lindert, J, Lombardi, D, Lonnblad, L, Loschner, M, Lurkin, N, Ma, Y, Machado, P, Magerya, V, Maier, A, Majer, I, Maltoni, F, Marcoli, M, Marinelli, G, Masouminia, M, Mastrolia, P, Mattelaer, O, Mazzitelli, J, Mcfayden, J, Medves, R, Meinzinger, P, Mo, J, Monni, P, Montagna, G, Morgan, T, Mosel, U, Nachman, B, Nadolsky, P, Nagar, R, Nagy, Z, Napoletano, D, Nason, P, Neumann, T, Nevay, L, Nicrosini, O, Niehues, J, Niewczas, K, Ohl, T, Ossola, G, Pandey, V, Papadopoulou, A, Papaefstathiou, A, Paz, G, Pellen, M, Pelliccioli, G, Peraro, T, Piccinini, F, Pickering, L, Pires, J, Placzek, W, Platzer, S, Plehn, T, Pozzorini, S, Prestel, S, Preuss, C, Price, A, Quackenbush, S, Re, E, Reichelt, D, Reina, L, Reuschle, C, Richardson, P, Rocco, M, Rocco, N, Roda, M, Garcia, A, Roiser, S, Rojo, J, Rottoli, L, Salam, G, Schonherr, M, Schuchmann, S, Schumann, S, Schurmann, R, Scyboz, L, Seymour, M, Siegert, F, Signer, A, Chahal, G, Siodmok, A, Sjostrand, T, Skands, P, Smillie, J, Sobczyk, J, Soldin, D, Soper, D, Soto-Ontoso, A, Soyez, G, Stagnitto, G, Tena-Vidal, J, Tomalak, O, Tramontano, F, Trojanowski, S, Tu, Z, Uccirati, S, Ullrich, T, Ulrich, Y, Utheim, M, Valassi, A, Verbytskyi, A, Verheyen, R, Wagman, M, Walker, D, Webber, B, Weinstein, L, White, O, Whitehead, J, Wiesemann, M, Wilkinson, C, Williams, C, Winterhalder, R, Wret, C, Xie, K, Yang, T, Yazgan, E, Zanderighi, G, Zanoli, S, Zapp, K, Campbell J. M., Diefenthaler M., Hobbs T. J., Hoche S., Isaacson J., Kling F., Mrenna S., Reuter J., Alioli S., Andersen J. R., Andreopoulos C., Ankowski A. M., Aschenauer E. C., Ashkenazi A., Baker M. D., Barrow J. L., van Beekveld M., Bewick G., Bhattacharya S., Bierlich C., Bothmann E., Bredt P., Broggio A., Buckley A., Butter A., Butterworth J. M., Byrne E. P., Calame C. M. C., Chakraborty S., Chen X., Chiesa M., Childers J. T., Cruz-Martinez J., Currie J., Darvishi N., Dasgupta M., Denner A., Dreyer F. A., Dytman S., El-Menoufi B. K., Engel T., Ravasio S. F., Figueroa D., Flower L., Forshaw J. R., Frederix R., Friedland A., Frixione S., Gallagher H., Gallmeister K., Gardiner S., Gauld R., Gaunt J., Gavardi A., Gehrmann T., De Ridder A. G., Gellersen L., Giele W., Gieseke S., Giuli F., Glover E. W. N., Grazzini M., Grohsjean A., Gutschow C., Hamilton K., Han T., Hatcher R., Heinrich G., Helenius I., Hen O., Hirschi V., Hofer M., Holguin J., Huss A., Ilten P., Jadach S., Jentsch A., Jones S. P., Ju W., Kallweit S., Karlberg A., Katori T., Kerner M., Kilian W., Kirchgaesser M. M., Klein S., Knobbe M., Krause C., Krauss F., Lang J., Lang J. -N., Lee G., Li S. W., Lim M. A., Lindert J. M., Lombardi D., Lonnblad L., Loschner M., Lurkin N., Ma Y., Machado P., Magerya V., Maier A., Majer I., Maltoni F., Marcoli M., Marinelli G., Masouminia M. R., Mastrolia P., Mattelaer O., Mazzitelli J., McFayden J., Medves R., Meinzinger P., Mo J., Monni P. F., Montagna G., Morgan T., Mosel U., Nachman B., Nadolsky P., Nagar R., Nagy Z., Napoletano D., Nason P., Neumann T., Nevay L. J., Nicrosini O., Niehues J., Niewczas K., Ohl T., Ossola G., Pandey V., Papadopoulou A., Papaefstathiou A., Paz G., Pellen M., Pelliccioli G., Peraro T., Piccinini F., Pickering L., Pires J., Placzek W., Platzer S., Plehn T., Pozzorini S., Prestel S., Preuss C. T., Price A. C., Quackenbush S., Re E., Reichelt D., Reina L., Reuschle C., Richardson P., Rocco M., Rocco N., Roda M., Garcia A. R., Roiser S., Rojo J., Rottoli L., Salam G. P., Schonherr M., Schuchmann S., Schumann S., Schurmann R., Scyboz L., Seymour M. H., Siegert F., Signer A., Chahal G. S., Siodmok A., Sjostrand T., Skands P., Smillie J. M., Sobczyk J. T., Soldin D., Soper D. E., Soto-Ontoso A., Soyez G., Stagnitto G., Tena-Vidal J., Tomalak O., Tramontano F., Trojanowski S., Tu Z., Uccirati S., Ullrich T., Ulrich Y., Utheim M., Valassi A., Verbytskyi A., Verheyen R., Wagman M., Walker D., Webber B. R., Weinstein L., White O., Whitehead J., Wiesemann M., Wilkinson C., Williams C., Winterhalder R., Wret C., Xie K., Yang T. -Z., Yazgan E., Zanderighi G., Zanoli S., Zapp K., Campbell, J, Diefenthaler, M, Hobbs, T, Hoche, S, Isaacson, J, Kling, F, Mrenna, S, Reuter, J, Alioli, S, Andersen, J, Andreopoulos, C, Ankowski, A, Aschenauer, E, Ashkenazi, A, Baker, M, Barrow, J, van Beekveld, M, Bewick, G, Bhattacharya, S, Bierlich, C, Bothmann, E, Bredt, P, Broggio, A, Buckley, A, Butter, A, Butterworth, J, Byrne, E, Calame, C, Chakraborty, S, Chen, X, Chiesa, M, Childers, J, Cruz-Martinez, J, Currie, J, Darvishi, N, Dasgupta, M, Denner, A, Dreyer, F, Dytman, S, El-Menoufi, B, Engel, T, Ravasio, S, Figueroa, D, Flower, L, Forshaw, J, Frederix, R, Friedland, A, Frixione, S, Gallagher, H, Gallmeister, K, Gardiner, S, Gauld, R, Gaunt, J, Gavardi, A, Gehrmann, T, De Ridder, A, Gellersen, L, Giele, W, Gieseke, S, Giuli, F, Glover, E, Grazzini, M, Grohsjean, A, Gutschow, C, Hamilton, K, Han, T, Hatcher, R, Heinrich, G, Helenius, I, Hen, O, Hirschi, V, Hofer, M, Holguin, J, Huss, A, Ilten, P, Jadach, S, Jentsch, A, Jones, S, Ju, W, Kallweit, S, Karlberg, A, Katori, T, Kerner, M, Kilian, W, Kirchgaesser, M, Klein, S, Knobbe, M, Krause, C, Krauss, F, Lang, J, Lee, G, Li, S, Lim, M, Lindert, J, Lombardi, D, Lonnblad, L, Loschner, M, Lurkin, N, Ma, Y, Machado, P, Magerya, V, Maier, A, Majer, I, Maltoni, F, Marcoli, M, Marinelli, G, Masouminia, M, Mastrolia, P, Mattelaer, O, Mazzitelli, J, Mcfayden, J, Medves, R, Meinzinger, P, Mo, J, Monni, P, Montagna, G, Morgan, T, Mosel, U, Nachman, B, Nadolsky, P, Nagar, R, Nagy, Z, Napoletano, D, Nason, P, Neumann, T, Nevay, L, Nicrosini, O, Niehues, J, Niewczas, K, Ohl, T, Ossola, G, Pandey, V, Papadopoulou, A, Papaefstathiou, A, Paz, G, Pellen, M, Pelliccioli, G, Peraro, T, Piccinini, F, Pickering, L, Pires, J, Placzek, W, Platzer, S, Plehn, T, Pozzorini, S, Prestel, S, Preuss, C, Price, A, Quackenbush, S, Re, E, Reichelt, D, Reina, L, Reuschle, C, Richardson, P, Rocco, M, Rocco, N, Roda, M, Garcia, A, Roiser, S, Rojo, J, Rottoli, L, Salam, G, Schonherr, M, Schuchmann, S, Schumann, S, Schurmann, R, Scyboz, L, Seymour, M, Siegert, F, Signer, A, Chahal, G, Siodmok, A, Sjostrand, T, Skands, P, Smillie, J, Sobczyk, J, Soldin, D, Soper, D, Soto-Ontoso, A, Soyez, G, Stagnitto, G, Tena-Vidal, J, Tomalak, O, Tramontano, F, Trojanowski, S, Tu, Z, Uccirati, S, Ullrich, T, Ulrich, Y, Utheim, M, Valassi, A, Verbytskyi, A, Verheyen, R, Wagman, M, Walker, D, Webber, B, Weinstein, L, White, O, Whitehead, J, Wiesemann, M, Wilkinson, C, Williams, C, Winterhalder, R, Wret, C, Xie, K, Yang, T, Yazgan, E, Zanderighi, G, Zanoli, S, Zapp, K, Campbell J. M., Diefenthaler M., Hobbs T. J., Hoche S., Isaacson J., Kling F., Mrenna S., Reuter J., Alioli S., Andersen J. R., Andreopoulos C., Ankowski A. M., Aschenauer E. C., Ashkenazi A., Baker M. D., Barrow J. L., van Beekveld M., Bewick G., Bhattacharya S., Bierlich C., Bothmann E., Bredt P., Broggio A., Buckley A., Butter A., Butterworth J. M., Byrne E. P., Calame C. M. C., Chakraborty S., Chen X., Chiesa M., Childers J. T., Cruz-Martinez J., Currie J., Darvishi N., Dasgupta M., Denner A., Dreyer F. A., Dytman S., El-Menoufi B. K., Engel T., Ravasio S. F., Figueroa D., Flower L., Forshaw J. R., Frederix R., Friedland A., Frixione S., Gallagher H., Gallmeister K., Gardiner S., Gauld R., Gaunt J., Gavardi A., Gehrmann T., De Ridder A. G., Gellersen L., Giele W., Gieseke S., Giuli F., Glover E. W. N., Grazzini M., Grohsjean A., Gutschow C., Hamilton K., Han T., Hatcher R., Heinrich G., Helenius I., Hen O., Hirschi V., Hofer M., Holguin J., Huss A., Ilten P., Jadach S., Jentsch A., Jones S. P., Ju W., Kallweit S., Karlberg A., Katori T., Kerner M., Kilian W., Kirchgaesser M. M., Klein S., Knobbe M., Krause C., Krauss F., Lang J., Lang J. -N., Lee G., Li S. W., Lim M. A., Lindert J. M., Lombardi D., Lonnblad L., Loschner M., Lurkin N., Ma Y., Machado P., Magerya V., Maier A., Majer I., Maltoni F., Marcoli M., Marinelli G., Masouminia M. R., Mastrolia P., Mattelaer O., Mazzitelli J., McFayden J., Medves R., Meinzinger P., Mo J., Monni P. F., Montagna G., Morgan T., Mosel U., Nachman B., Nadolsky P., Nagar R., Nagy Z., Napoletano D., Nason P., Neumann T., Nevay L. J., Nicrosini O., Niehues J., Niewczas K., Ohl T., Ossola G., Pandey V., Papadopoulou A., Papaefstathiou A., Paz G., Pellen M., Pelliccioli G., Peraro T., Piccinini F., Pickering L., Pires J., Placzek W., Platzer S., Plehn T., Pozzorini S., Prestel S., Preuss C. T., Price A. C., Quackenbush S., Re E., Reichelt D., Reina L., Reuschle C., Richardson P., Rocco M., Rocco N., Roda M., Garcia A. R., Roiser S., Rojo J., Rottoli L., Salam G. P., Schonherr M., Schuchmann S., Schumann S., Schurmann R., Scyboz L., Seymour M. H., Siegert F., Signer A., Chahal G. S., Siodmok A., Sjostrand T., Skands P., Smillie J. M., Sobczyk J. T., Soldin D., Soper D. E., Soto-Ontoso A., Soyez G., Stagnitto G., Tena-Vidal J., Tomalak O., Tramontano F., Trojanowski S., Tu Z., Uccirati S., Ullrich T., Ulrich Y., Utheim M., Valassi A., Verbytskyi A., Verheyen R., Wagman M., Walker D., Webber B. R., Weinstein L., White O., Whitehead J., Wiesemann M., Wilkinson C., Williams C., Winterhalder R., Wret C., Xie K., Yang T. -Z., Yazgan E., Zanderighi G., Zanoli S., and Zapp K.

Abstract

We provide an overview of the status of Monte-Carlo event generators for high-energy particle physics. Guided by the experimental needs and requirements, we highlight areas of active development, and opportunities for future improvements. Particular emphasis is given to physics models and algorithms that are employed across a variety of experiments. These common themes in event generator development lead to a more comprehensive understanding of physics at the highest energies and intensities, and allow models to be tested against a wealth of data that have been accumulated over the past decades. A cohesive approach to event generator development will allow these models to be further improved and systematic uncertainties to be reduced, directly contributing to future experimental success. Event generators are part of a much larger ecosystem of computational tools. They typically involve a number of unknown model parameters that must be tuned to experimental data, while maintaining the integrity of the underlying physics models. Making both these data, and the analyses with which they have been obtained accessible to future users is an essential aspect of open science and data preservation. It ensures the consistency of physics models across a variety of experiments.

Published
2024

5. Les Houches 2015: Physics at TeV Colliders Standard Model Working Group Report

Author

Badger, S., Bendavid, J., Ciulli, V., Denner, A., Frederix, R., Grazzini, M., Huston, J., Schönherr, M., Tackmann, K., Thaler, J., Williams, C., Andersen, J. R., Becker, K., Bell, M., Bellm, J., Bothmann, E., Boughezal, R., Butterworth, J., Carrazza, S., Chiesa, M., Cieri, L., Duehrssen-Debling, M., Falmagne, G., Forte, S., Francavilla, P., Freytsis, M., Gao, J., Gras, P., Greiner, N., Grellscheid, D., Heinrich, G., Hesketh, G., Höche, S., Hofer, L., Hou, T. -J., Huss, A., Isaacson, J., Jueid, A., Kallweit, S., Kar, D., Kassabov, Z., Konstantinides, V., Krauss, F., Kuttimalai, S., Lazapoulos, A., Lenzi, P., Li, Y., Lindert, J. M., Liu, X., Luisoni, G., Lönnblad, L., Maierhöfer, P., Maître, D., Marini, A. C., Montagna, G., Moretti, M., Nadolsky, P. M., Nail, G., Napoletano, D., Nicrosini, O., Oleari, C., Pagani, D., Pandini, C., Perrozzi, L., Petriello, F., Piccinini, F., Plätzer, S., Pogrebnyak, I., Pozzorini, S., Prestel, S., Reuschle, C., Rojo, J., Russo, L., Schichtel, P., Schumann, S., Siódmok, A., Skands, P., Soper, D., Soyez, G., Sun, P., Tackmann, F. J., Takasugi, E., Uccirati, S., Utku, U., Viliani, L., Vryonidou, E., Wang, B. T., Waugh, B., Weber, M. A., Winter, J., Xie, K. P., Yuan, C. -P., Yuan, F., Zapp, K., and Zaro, M.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

This Report summarizes the proceedings of the 2015 Les Houches workshop on Physics at TeV Colliders. Session 1 dealt with (I) new developments relevant for high precision Standard Model calculations, (II) the new PDF4LHC parton distributions, (III) issues in the theoretical description of the production of Standard Model Higgs bosons and how to relate experimental measurements, (IV) a host of phenomenological studies essential for comparing LHC data from Run I with theoretical predictions and projections for future measurements in Run II, and (V) new developments in Monte Carlo event generators., Comment: Proceedings of the Standard Model Working Group of the 2015 Les Houches Workshop, Physics at TeV Colliders, Les Houches 1-19 June 2015. 227 pages

Published
2016

6. Towards an Understanding of the Correlations in Jet Substructure

Author

Adams, D., Arce, A., Asquith, L., Backovic, M., Barillari, T., Berta, P., Bertolini, D., Buckley, A., Butterworth, J., Toro, R. C. Camacho, Caudron, J., Chien, Y. -T., Cogan, J., Cooper, B., Curtin, D., Debenedetti, C., Dolen, J., Eklund, M., Hedri, S. El, Ellis, S. D., Embry, T., Ferencek, D., Ferrando, J., Fleischmann, S., Freytsis, M., Giulini, M., Han, Z., Hare, D., Harris, P., Hinzmann, A., Hoing, R., Hornig, A., Jankowiak, M., Johns, K., Kasieczka, G., Kogler, R., Lampl, W., Larkoski, A. J., Lee, C., Leone, R., Loch, P., Mateos, D. Lopez, Lou, H. K., Low, M., Maksimovic, P., Marchesini, I., Marzani, S., Masetti, L., McCarthy, R., Menke, S., Miller, D. W., Mishra, K., Nachman, B., Nef, P., O'Grady, F. T., Ovcharova, A., Picazio, A., Pollard, C., Potter-Landua, B., Potter, C., Rappoccio, S., Rojo, J., Rutherfoord, J., Salam, G. P., Schabinger, R. M., Schwartzman, A., Schwartz, M. D., Shuve, B., Sinervo, P., Soper, D., Corral, D. E. Sosa, Spannowsky, M., Strauss, E., Swiatlowski, M., Thaler, J., Thomas, C., Thompson, E., Tran, N. V., Tseng, J., Usai, E., Valery, L., Veatch, J., Vos, M., Waalewijn, W., Wacker, J., and Young, C.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

Over the past decade, a large number of jet substructure observables have been proposed in the literature, and explored at the LHC experiments. Such observables attempt to utilize the internal structure of jets in order to distinguish those initiated by quarks, gluons, or by boosted heavy objects, such as top quarks and W bosons. This report, originating from and motivated by the BOOST2013 workshop, presents original particle-level studies that aim to improve our understanding of the relationships between jet substructure observables, their complementarity, and their dependence on the underlying jet properties, particularly the jet radius and jet transverse momentum. This is explored in the context of quark/gluon discrimination, boosted W boson tagging and boosted top quark tagging., Comment: Report prepared by the participants of the BOOST 2013 workshop, hosted by the University of Arizona at Flagstaff, AZ, 12-16 August 2013. 54 pages, 51 figures. Version to be published in EPJC

Published
2015

9. Event generators for high-energy physics experiments

Author

Campbell, J. M., primary, Diefenthaler, M., additional, Hobbs, T. J., additional, Höche, Stefan, additional, Isaacson, Joshua, additional, Kling, Felix, additional, Mrenna, Stephen, additional, Reuter, J., additional, Alioli, S., additional, Andersen, J. R., additional, Andreopoulos, C., additional, Ankowski, A. M., additional, Aschenauer, Elke Caroline, additional, Ashkenazi, A., additional, Baker, M. D., additional, Barrow, Joshua L., additional, van Beekveld, Melissa, additional, Bewick, Gavin, additional, Bhattacharya, S., additional, Bierlich, Christian, additional, Bothmann, Enrico, additional, Bredt, P., additional, Broggio, A., additional, Buckley, Andy, additional, Butter, A., additional, Butterworth, Jonathan Mark, additional, Byrne, E. P., additional, Carloni-Calame, Carlo, additional, Chakraborty, Smita, additional, Chen, X., additional, Chiesa, M., additional, Childers, J. T., additional, Cruz-Martinez, J., additional, Currie, J., additional, Darvishi, N., additional, Dasgupta, M., additional, Denner, A., additional, Dreyer, F. A., additional, Dytman, S., additional, El-Menoufi, Basem Kamal, additional, Engel, Tim, additional, Ferrario Ravasio, Silvia, additional, Figueroa, Daniel, additional, Flower, L., additional, Forshaw, J. R., additional, Frederix, Rikkert, additional, Friedland, Alex, additional, Frixione, Stefano, additional, Gallagher, H., additional, Gallmeister, K., additional, Gardiner, Simon, additional, Gauld, Rhorry, additional, Gaunt, Jonathan, additional, Gavardi, A., additional, Gehrmann, T., additional, Gehrmann-De Ridder, Aude, additional, Gellersen, Leif, additional, Giele, Walter, additional, Gieseke, Stefan, additional, Giuli, Francesco, additional, Glover, E. W. N., additional, Grazzini, Massimiliano, additional, Grohsjean, A., additional, Gütschow, Christian, additional, Hamilton, Keith, additional, Han, T., additional, Hatcher, R., additional, Heinrich, G., additional, Helenius, Ilkka, additional, Hen, O., additional, Hirschi, Valentin, additional, Höfer, M., additional, Holguin, J., additional, Huss, Alexander, additional, Ilten, Philip, additional, Jadach, Stanislaw, additional, Jentsch, A., additional, Jones, S. P., additional, Ju, W., additional, Kallweit, Stefan, additional, Karlberg, Alexander, additional, Katori, T., additional, Kerner, Matthias, additional, Kilian, C., additional, Kirchgaeßer, M. M., additional, Klein, S., additional, Knobbe, Max, additional, Krause, Claudius, additional, Krauss, Frank, additional, Lang, J., additional, Lang, J.-N, additional, Lee, G., additional, Li, S. W., additional, Lim, M. A., additional, Lindert, J. M., additional, Lombardi, D., additional, Lönnblad, Leif, additional, Löschner, M., additional, Lurkin, N., additional, Ma, Y., additional, Machado, P., additional, Magerya, Vitaly, additional, Maier, A., additional, Majer, I., additional, Maltoni, Fabio, additional, Marcoli, M., additional, Marinelli, G., additional, Masouminia, M. R., additional, Mastrolia, Pierpaolo, additional, Mattelaer, Olivier, additional, Mazzitelli, J., additional, McFayden, Josh, additional, Medves, Rok, additional, Meinzinger, P., additional, Mo, J., additional, Monni, Pier Francesco, additional, Montagna, Guido, additional, Morgan, T., additional, Mosel, U., additional, Nachman, Benjamin, additional, Nadolsky, Pavel, additional, Nagar, R., additional, Nagy, Zoltan, additional, Napoletano, Davide, additional, Nason, Paolo, additional, Neumann, Tobias, additional, Nevay, L. J., additional, Nicrosini, Oreste, additional, Niehues, J., additional, Niewczas, K., additional, Ohl, Thorsten, additional, Ossola, Giovanni, additional, Pandey, V., additional, Papadopoulou, A., additional, Papaefstathiou, Andreas, additional, Paz, Gil, additional, Pellen, Mathieu, additional, Pelliccioli, Giovanni, additional, Peraro, T., additional, Piccinini, Fluvio, additional, Pickering, L., additional, Pires, J., additional, Placzek, Wieslaw, additional, Plätzer, Simon, additional, Plehn, Tilman, additional, Pozzorini, Stefano, additional, Prestel, Stefan, additional, Preuss, Christian Tobias, additional, Price, A. C., additional, Quackenbush, Seth, additional, Re, Emanuele, additional, Reichelt, Daniel, additional, Reina, Laura, additional, Reuschle, Christian, additional, Richardson, Peter, additional, Rocco, M., additional, Rocco, N., additional, Roda, M., additional, Rodriguez Garcia, A., additional, Roiser, Stefan, additional, Rojo, Juan, additional, Rottoli, Luca, additional, Salam, Gavin P., additional, Schönherr, Marek, additional, Schuchmann, S., additional, Schumann, Steffen, additional, Schürmann, Robin, additional, Scyboz, Ludovic, additional, Seymour, Michael H., additional, Siegert, Frank, additional, Signer, Adrian, additional, Chahal, Gurpreet Singh, additional, Siódmok, Andrzej, additional, Sjöstrand, Torbjörn, additional, Skands, Peter, additional, Smillie, Jennifer M., additional, Sobczyk, J. T., additional, Soldin, Dennis, additional, Soper, D. E., additional, Soto-Ontoso, Alba, additional, Soyez, Gregory, additional, Stagnitto, Giovanni, additional, Tena-Vidal, J., additional, Tomalak, O., additional, Tramontano, Francesco, additional, Trojanowski, Sebastian, additional, Tu, Z., additional, Uccirati, Sandro, additional, Ullrich, T., additional, Ulrich, Yannick, additional, Utheim, Marius, additional, Valassi, A., additional, Verbytskyi, Andrii, additional, Verheyen, Rob, additional, Wagman, M., additional, Walker, D., additional, Webber, B. R., additional, Weinstein, L., additional, White, O., additional, Whitehead, James, additional, Wiesemann, Marius, additional, Wilkinson, C., additional, Williams, C., additional, Winterhalder, Ramon, additional, Wret, C., additional, Xie, K., additional, Yang, T.-Z., additional, Yazgan, E., additional, Zanderighi, Giulia, additional, Zanoli, S., additional, and Zapp, Korinna, additional

Published
2024
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10. Les Houches 2015: Physics at TeV Colliders Standard Model Working Group Report

Author

Badger, S, Bendavid, J, Ciulli, V, Denner, A, Frederix, R, Grazzini, M, Huston, J, Schönherr, M, Tackmann, K, Thaler, J, Williams, C, Andersen, JR, Becker, K, Bell, M, Bellm, J, Bothmann, E, Boughezal, R, Butterworth, J, Carrazza, S, Chiesa, M, Cieri, L, Duehrssen-Debling, M, Falmagne, G, Forte, S, Francavilla, P, Freytsis, M, Gao, J, Gras, P, Greiner, N, Grellscheid, D, Heinrich, G, Hesketh, G, Höche, S, Hofer, L, Hou, T-J, Huss, A, Isaacson, J, Jueid, A, Kallweit, S, Kar, D, Kassabov, Z, Konstantinides, V, Krauss, F, Kuttimalai, S, Lazapoulos, A, Lenzi, P, Li, Y, Lindert, JM, Liu, X, Luisoni, G, Lönnblad, L, Maierhöfer, P, Maître, D, Marini, AC, Montagna, G, Moretti, M, Nadolsky, PM, Nail, G, Napoletano, D, Nicrosini, O, Oleari, C, Pagani, D, Pandini, C, Perrozzi, L, Petriello, F, Piccinini, F, Plätzer, S, Pogrebnyak, I, Pozzorini, S, Prestel, S, Reuschle, C, Rojo, J, Russo, L, Schichtel, P, Schumann, S, Siódmok, A, Skands, P, Soper, D, Soyez, G, Sun, P, Tackmann, FJ, Takasugi, E, Uccirati, S, Utku, U, Viliani, L, Vryonidou, E, Wang, BT, Waugh, B, Weber, MA, Winter, J, Xie, KP, Yuan, C-P, Yuan, F, Zapp, K, and Zaro, M

Subjects
hep-ph
Abstract

This Report summarizes the proceedings of the 2015 Les Houches workshop onPhysics at TeV Colliders. Session 1 dealt with (I) new developments relevantfor high precision Standard Model calculations, (II) the new PDF4LHC partondistributions, (III) issues in the theoretical description of the production ofStandard Model Higgs bosons and how to relate experimental measurements, (IV) ahost of phenomenological studies essential for comparing LHC data from Run Iwith theoretical predictions and projections for future measurements in Run II,and (V) new developments in Monte Carlo event generators.

Published
2016

11. Jet Substructure at the Tevatron and LHC: New results, new tools, new benchmarks

Author

Altheimer, A., Arora, S., Asquith, L., Brooijmans, G., Butterworth, J., Campanelli, M., Chapleau, B., Cholakian, A. E., Chou, J. P., Dasgupta, M., Davison, A., Dolen, J., Ellis, S. D., Essig, R., Fan, J. J., Field, R., Fregoso, A., Gallicchio, J., Gershtein, Y., Gomes, A., Haas, A., Halkiadakis, E., Halyo, V., Hoeche, S., Hook, A., Hornig, A., Huang, P., Izaguirre, E., Jankowiak, M., Kribs, G., Krohn, D., Larkoski, A. J., Lath, A., Lee, C., Lee, S. J., Loch, P., Maksimovic, P., Martinez, M., Miller, D. W., Plehn, T., Prokofiev, K., Rahmat, R., Rappoccio, S., Safonov, A., Salam, G. P., Schumann, S., Schwartz, M. D., Schwartzman, A., Seymour, M., Shao, J., Sinervo, P., Son, M., Soper, D. E., Spannowsky, M., Stewart, I. W., Strassler, M., Strauss, E., Takeuchi, M., Thaler, J., Thomas, S., Tweedie, B., Sierra, R. Vasquez, Vermilion, C. K., Villaplana, M., Vos, M., Wacker, J., Walker, D., Walsh, J. R., Wang, L. -T., Wilbur, S., and Zhu, W.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

In this report we review recent theoretical progress and the latest experimental results in jet substructure from the Tevatron and the LHC. We review the status of and outlook for calculation and simulation tools for studying jet substructure. Following up on the report of the Boost 2010 workshop, we present a new set of benchmark comparisons of substructure techniques, focusing on the set of variables and grooming methods that are collectively known as "top taggers". To facilitate further exploration, we have attempted to collect, harmonise, and publish software implementations of these techniques., Comment: 53 pages, 17 figures. L. Asquith, S. Rappoccio, C. K. Vermilion, editors; v2: minor edits from journal revisions

Published
2011
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13. The NLO multileg working group: summary report

Author

Bern, Z., Dittmaier, S., Dixon, L., Heinrich, G., Huston, J., Kersevan, B., Kunszt, Z., Soper, D. E., Bernicot, C., Binoth, T., Boudjema, F., Britto, R., Campbell, J., Czakon, M., Denner, A., Dissertori, G., Duplancic, G., Ellis, R. K., Frederix, R., Gehrmann, T., Ridder, A. Gehrmann-De, Giele, W. T., Glover, E. W. N., Guillet, J. P., Kallweit, S., Karg, S., Kauer, N., Kosower, D. A., Krauss, F., Le, N. D., Mastrolia, P., Mitov, A., Moch, S., Odaka, S., Ossola, G., Papadopoulos, C. G., Pilon, E., Pittau, R., Reiter, T., Sanguinetti, G., Schumann, S., Schwinn, C., Skands, P. Z., Stenzel, H., Uwer, P., Weinzierl, S., and Zanderighi, G.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

This report summarizes the activities of the NLM working group of the Workshop "Physics at TeV Colliders", Les Houches, France, 11-29 June, 2007., Comment: 119 pages, latex, many figures, summary report of the NLO multileg working group of the Les Houches 2007 workshop "Physics at TeV Colliders", Les Houches, France, 11-29 June, 2007; some references added or corrected

Published
2008

15. Parton distribution function for quarks in an s-channel approach

Author

Hautmann, F. and Soper, D. E.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

We use an s-channel picture of hard hadronic collisions to investigate the parton distribution function for quarks at small momentum fraction x, which corresponds to very high energy scattering. We study the renormalized quark distribution at one loop in this approach. In the high-energy picture, the quark distribution function is expressed in terms of a Wilson-line correlator that represents the cross section for a color dipole to scatter from the proton. We model this Wilson-line correlator in a saturation model. We relate this representation of the quark distribution function to the corresponding representation of the structure function F_T(x,Q^2) for deeply inelastic scattering.

Published
2007
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17. Color transparency in deeply inelastic diffraction

Author

Hautmann, F. and Soper, D. E.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

We suggest a simple physical picture for the diffractive parton distributions that appear in diffractive deeply inelastic scattering. In this picture, partons impinging on the proton can have any transverse separation, but only when the separation is small can they penetrate the proton without breaking it up. By comparing the predictions from this picture with the diffractive data from HERA, we determine rough values for the small separations that dominate the diffraction process., Comment: 10 pages, 2 figures; v2: citations added, two comments revised and expanded, results unchanged

Published
2000
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18. Parton Distributions Working Group

Author

de Barbaro, L., Berger, E. L., Brock, R., Casey, D., Demina, R., Giele, W. T., Hirosky, R., Huston, J., Kalk, J., Keller, S. A., Klasen, M., Kosower, D. A., Kramer, M., Kretzer, S., Kuhlmann, S., Martin, R., Olness, F. I., Plehn, T., Pumplin, J., Scalise, R. J., Schellman, H., Smith, J., Soper, D. E., Sterman, G., Stump, D., Tung, W. -K., Varelas, N., Vogelsang, W., and Yang, U. K.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

The main focus of this working group was to investigate the different issues associated with the development of quantitative tools to estimate parton distribution functions uncertainties. In the conclusion, we introduce a "Manifesto" that describes an optimal method for reporting data., Comment: Report of the Parton Distributions Working Group of the 'QCD and Weak Boson Physics workshop in preparation for Run II at the Fermilab Tevatron'. Co-Conveners: L. de Barbaro, S.A. Keller, S. Kuhlmann, H. Schellman, and W.-K. Tung

Published
2000

19. The QCD and Standard Model Working Group: Summary Report from Les Houches

Author

Aurenche, P., Balazs, C., Ball, R. D., Binoth, T., Boos, E., Catani, S., Collins, J., del Duca, V., Dittmar, M., Fontannaz, M., Frixione, S., Guillet, J. P., Heinrich, G., Huston, J., Ilyin, V., Kato, Y., Odagiri, K., Paige, F., Pilon, E., Pukhov, A., Puljak, I., Semenov, A., Skatchkova, A., Soper, D., Tano, V., Tapprogge, S., Tung, W. K., Vogelsang, W., Werlen, M., and Zeppenfeld, D.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The Les Houches Workshop on Physics at TeV Colliders took place from June 8-18, 1999. One of the three working groups at Les Houches concentrated on QCD issues, both at the Tevatron Collider and at the LHC. Besides the interest in QCD in its own right, QCD dynamics plays an important role in the production mechanisms for any new physics process that might be observed at either collider, as well as any processes that may form backgrounds to the new physics. This writeup serves both as a pedagogical overview of QCD as well as an update on the current status of the field., Comment: 179 pages, 65 figures

Published
2000

20. Heavy Quark Production and PDF's Subgroup Report

Author

Demina, R., Keller, S., Krämer, M., Kretzer, S., Martin, R., Olness, F. I., Scalise, R. J., Soper, D. E., Tung, W. -K., Varelas, N., and Yang, U. K.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

We present a status report of a variety of projects related to heavy quark production and parton distributions for the Tevatron Run II., Comment: Latex. 8 pages, 7 eps figures. Contribution to the Physics at Run II Workshops: QCD and Weak Boson Physics

Published
2000

21. QCD

Author

Catani, S., Dittmar, M., Soper, D., Stirling, W. J., Tapprogge, S., Alekhin, S., Aurenche, P., Balazs, C., Ball, R. D., Battistoni, G., Berger, E. L., Binoth, T., Brock, R., Casey, D., Corcella, G., Del Duca, V., Del Fabbro, A., De Roeck, A., Ewerz, C., de Florian, D., Fontannaz, M., Frixione, S., Giele, W. T., Grazzini, M., Guillet, J. P., Heinrich, G., Huston, J., Kalk, J., Kataev, A. L., Kato, K., Keller, S., Klasen, M., Kosower, D. A., Kulesza, A., Kunszt, Z., Ilyin, A. Kupco V. A., Magnea, L., Mangano, M. L., Martin, A. D., Mazumdar, K., Mine, Ph., Moretti, M., van Neerven, W. L., Parente, G., Perret-Gallix, D., Pilon, E., Pukhov, A. E., Puljak, I., Pumplin, J., Richter-Was, E., Roberts, R. G., Salam, G. P., Seymour, M. H., Skachkov, N., Sidorov, A. V., Stenzel, H., Stump, D., Thorne, R. S., Treleani, D., Tung, W. K., Vogt, A., Webber, B. R., Werlen, M., and Zmouchko, S.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

We discuss issues of QCD at the LHC including parton distributions, Monte Carlo event generators, the available next-to-leading order calculations, resummation, photon production, small x physics, double parton scattering, and backgrounds to Higgs production., Comment: 115 pages, Latex, 47 figures, to appear in the Report of the ``1999 CERN Workshop on SM Physics (and more) at the LHC'', S. Catani, M. Dittmar, D. Soper, W.J. Stirling, S. Tapprogge (convenors)

Published
2000

22. Diffractive parton distributions in light-cone QCD

Author

Hautmann, F., Kunszt, Z., and Soper, D. E.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

We discuss recent theoretical results on diffractive deeply inelastic scattering, focusing on the partonic picture of diffraction in configuration space and the predictions for the beta behavior and the scaling violation., Comment: Presented at ISMD99

Published
1999

23. Hard scattering factorization and light cone hamiltonian approach to diffractive processes

Author

Hautmann, F., Kunszt, Z., and Soper, D. E.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

We describe diffractive deeply inelastic scattering in terms of diffractive parton distributions. We investigate these distributions in a hamiltonian formulation that emphasizes the spacetime picture of diffraction scattering. For hadronic systems with small transverse size, diffraction occurs predominantly at short distances and the diffractive parton distributions can be studied by perturbative methods. For realistic, large-size systems we discuss the possibility that diffractive parton distributions are controlled essentially by semihard physics at a scale of nonperturbative origin of the order of a GeV. We find that this possibility accounts for two important qualitative aspects of the diffractive data from HERA: the flat behavior in beta and the delay in the fall-off with Q^2., Comment: 51 pages, 16 figures

Published
1999
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24. Hard diffraction from small-size color sources

Author

Hautmann, F., Kunszt, Z., and Soper, D. E.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

We describe diffractive hard processes in the framework of QCD factorization and discuss what one can learn from the study of hadronic systems with small transverse size., Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, talk presented at DPF '99

Published
1999

25. Diffractive deeply inelastic scattering of hadronic states with small transverse size

Author

Hautmann, F., Kunszt, Z., and Soper, D. E.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

Diffractive deeply inelastic scattering from a hadron is described in terms of diffractive quark and gluon distributions. If the transverse size of the hadronic state is sufficiently small, these distributions are calculable using perturbation theory. We present such a calculation and discuss the underlying dynamics. We comment on the relation between this dynamics and the pattern of scaling violation observed in the hard diffraction of large-size states at HERA., Comment: 8 pages including 3 figures, REVTEX

Published
1998
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27. Erratum: Jet Cluster Algorithms in $e^+e^-$ Annihilation

Author

Bethke, S., Kunszt, Z., Soper, D. E., and Stirling, W. J.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

We correct an important misprint in the journal version of our earlier work on "New Jet Cluster Algorithms: Next-to-leading Order QCD...", published in Nucl. Phys. B 370 (1992) 310, which may have lead to an incorrect parametrisation of the leading order QCD coefficients for the JADE type jet cluster algorithms., Comment: 2 pages, no figures, sent to Nucl. Phys. B as an erratum

Published
1998

28. Study of the Uncertainty of the Gluon Distribution

Author

Huston, J., Kuhlmann, S., Lai, H. L., Olness, F., Owens, J. F., Soper, D. E., and Tung, W. K.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

The uncertainty in the calculation of many important new processes at the Tevatron and LHC is dominated by that concerning the gluon distribution function. We investigate the uncertainty in the gluon distribution of the proton by systematically varying the gluon parameters in the global QCD analysis of parton distributions. The results depend critically on the parton momentum fraction x and the QCD scale Q^2. The uncertainties are presented for integrated gluon-gluon and gluon-quark luminosities for both the Tevatron and LHC as a function of sqrt(tau)=sqrt(x1x2)=sqrt(shat/s), the most relevant quantity for new particle production. The uncertainties are reasonably small, except for large x., Comment: Modified version for publication

Published
1998
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29. BFKL Scattering at LEPII and a Next e+ e- Collider

Author

Brodsky, S. J., Hautmann, F., and Soper, D. E.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

We discuss virtual photon scattering in the region dominated by BFKL exchange and report results for the cross sections at present and future e+ e- colliders., Comment: Based on talks by D.E. Soper at DIS97 and by F. Hautmann at Photon97. Six pages with four figures

Published
1997
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30. Virtual photon scattering at high energies as a probe of the short distance pomeron

Author

Brodsky, S. J., Hautmann, F., and Soper, D. E.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

Perturbative QCD predicts the behavior of scattering at high energies and fixed (sufficiently large) transferred momenta in terms of the BFKL pomeron (or short distance pomeron). We study the prospects for testing these predictions in two-photon processes at LEP200 and a possible future e+ e- collider. We argue that the total cross section for scattering two photons sufficiently far off shell provides a clean probe of BFKL dynamics. The photons act as color dipoles with small transverse size, so that the QCD interactions can be treated perturbatively. We analyze the properties of the QCD result and the possibility of testing them experimentally. We give an estimate of the rates expected and discuss the uncertainties of these results associated with the accuracy of the present theoretical calculations., Comment: 44 pages with 17 figures. REVTEX. Published version, with minor changes from original submission

Published
1997
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31. Improved Parton Distributions from Global Analysis of Recent Deep Inelastic Scattering and Inclusive Jet Data

Author

Lai, H. L., Huston, J., Kuhlmann, S., Olness, F., Owens, J., Soper, D., Tung, W. K., and Weerts, H.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

The impact of recent precision measurements of DIS structure functions and inclusive jet production at the Tevatron on the global QCD analysis of parton distribution functions is studied in detail. Particular emphasis is placed on exploring the range of variation of the gluon distribution $G(x,Q)$ allowed by these new data. The strong coupling of $G(x,Q)$ with $\alpha_s$ is fully taken into account. A new generation of CTEQ parton distributions, CTEQ4, is presented. It consists of the three standard sets (\mbox{\small {$\overline {\rm MS}$}}, {\protect \small DIS} and leading order), a series that gives a range of parton distributions with corresponding $\alpha_s$'s, and a set with a low starting value of $Q$. Previously obtained gluon distributions that are consistent with the high $E_t$ jet cross-section are also discussed in the context of this new global analysis., Comment: 39 pages, 21 figures; Web page address corrected; Mislabelled table rows corrected; Table for CTEQ4LQ added; reformatted for pub. in Phys.Rev

Published
1996
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32. Large Transverse Momentum Jet Production and the Gluon Distribution Inside the Proton

Author

Huston, J., Kovacs, E., Kuhlmann, S., Lai, H. L., Owens, J. F., Soper, D., and Tung, W. K.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The CDF experiment has reported an excess of high-$p_t$ jets compared to previous next-to-leading order QCD expectations. Before attributing this to new physics effects, we investigate whether these high-$p_t$ jets can be explained by a modified gluon distribution inside the proton. We find enough flexibility in a global QCD analysis including the CDF inclusive jet data to provide a 25-35\% increase in the jet cross sections at the highest $p_t$ of the experiment. Two possible sets of parton distributions are presented, and the effects of these on other existing data sets are presented. Further theoretical and experimental work needed to clarify unresolved issues is outlined., Comment: 6 page Latex file using epsf.sty for 4 ps figures. Revised with more up-to-date gluon distributions

Published
1995
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33. Multiparticle Dynamics from 1983 to 1993

Author

Soper, D. E.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

I compare our understanding selected topics in Multiparticle Dynamics at this meeting to what we knew at the 1983 Multiparticle Dynamics Symposium. I also discuss rapidity gap physics, a subject that has developed in the years since 1983, Comment: Talk at the XIV International Symposium on Multiparticle Dynamics, Aspen, September 1993, 20 pages, Latex with 11 postscript figures compressed with uufiles, OITS 528

Published
1994

35. Towards an understanding of the correlations in jet substructure: Report of BOOST2013, hosted by the University of Arizona, 12th–16th of August 2013

Author

Adams, D., Arce, A., Asquith, L., Backovic, M., Barillari, T., Berta, P., Bertolini, D., Buckley, A., Butterworth, J., Camacho Toro, R. C., Caudron, J., Chien, Y.-T., Cogan, J., Cooper, B., Curtin, D., Debenedetti, C., Dolen, J., Eklund, M., El Hedri, S., Ellis, S. D., Embry, T., Ferencek, D., Ferrando, J., Fleischmann, S., Freytsis, M., Giulini, M., Han, Z., Hare, D., Harris, P., Hinzmann, A., Hoing, R., Hornig, A., Jankowiak, M., Johns, K., Kasieczka, G., Kogler, R., Lampl, W., Larkoski, A. J., Lee, C., Leone, R., Loch, P., Lopez Mateos, D., Lou, H. K., Low, M., Maksimovic, P., Marchesini, I., Marzani, S., Masetti, L., McCarthy, R., Menke, S., Miller, D. W., Mishra, K., Nachman, B., Nef, P., O’Grady, F. T., Ovcharova, A., Picazio, A., Pollard, C., Potter-Landua, B., Potter, C., Rappoccio, S., Rojo, J., Rutherfoord, J., Salam, G. P., Schabinger, R. M., Schwartzman, A., Schwartz, M. D., Shuve, B., Sinervo, P., Soper, D., Sosa Corral, D. E., Spannowsky, M., Strauss, E., Swiatlowski, M., Thaler, J., Thomas, C., Thompson, E., Tran, N. V., Tseng, J., Usai, E., Valery, L., Veatch, J., Vos, M., Waalewijn, W., Wacker, J., and Young, C.

Published
2015
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36. The flow around a lorry platoon subject to a crosswind—a detached eddy simulation

Author

He, M, Huo, S, Hemida, H, Soper, D, Sterling, M, Baker, C, He, M, Huo, S, Hemida, H, Soper, D, Sterling, M, and Baker, C

Abstract

Technological developments in Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) have created opportunities to allow groups of vehicles to travel in close proximity, through methods known as platooning. There are potential benefits from platooning in terms of fuel consumption, through a reduction in aerodynamic drag for trailing vehicles in the platoon; however, it is still not understood whether these benefits remain when the platoon is subject to crosswind. For the first time, this study examines the flow structure and aerodynamic response of a platoon of eight closely spaced lorry type vehicles subjected to a crosswind with a 30o yaw angle. The numerical study is conducted using a Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation. It is observed that there is an increase in the overall drag when compared to a similar simulation with no crosswinds. Streamline illustrations indicate that a recirculation region is formed on the leeside of the lorries, which with the chosen vehicle spacing does not exhibit any interactions with the consecutive lorry, resulting in a diminished drag reduction. High pressure on the windward side of the lorries and a low pressure region on the top of the lorry boxes results in high lift, side force and rolling moment coefficients, but relatively minor pitching and yawing moments.

Published
2022

39. A novel schistosome species hosted by Planorbella (Helisoma) trivolvis is the most widespread swimmer's itch-causing parasite in Michigan inland lakes.

Author

Soper, D. M., Raffel, T. R., Sckrabulis, J. P., Froelich, K. L., McPhail, B. A., Ostrowski, M. D., Reimink, R. L., Romano, D., Rudko, S. P., and Hanington, P. C.

Subjects
*TREMATODA, *MAMMAL parasites, *BIRD parasites, *SPECIES, *LAKES, *POLYMERASE chain reaction
Abstract

Cercarial dermatitis ('swimmer's itch'; SI), characterized by small itchy bumps caused by schistosome parasites of birds and mammals, is a common problem in Michigan. Research on avian schistosomes began nearly 100 years ago in Michigan inland lakes, yet scientists are still uncovering basic biological information including the identification of local snail and parasite species that cause SI. Previous research primarily focused on lakes in the northern half of Michigan's lower peninsula, although SI occurs throughout the state. We surveyed snails and snail-borne trematodes in lakes across Michigan's lower peninsula and used quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of filtered water samples to identify parasites to the species level, including a recently discovered parasite species that uses the snail Planorbella (Helisoma) trivolvis as its intermediate host. Most SI mitigation efforts have focused on a parasite species hosted by the snail Lymnaea catescopium (= Stagnicola emarginata); however, lymnaeid snails and their associated schistosome species were largely restricted to northern lakes. In contrast, P. trivolvis and its associated parasite species were common in both northern and southern Michigan lakes. A third schistosome species associated with physid snails was also present at low levels in both northern and southern lakes. These results indicate that the recently discovered parasite species and its planorbid snail intermediate host may be more important drivers of Michigan SI than previously thought, possibly due to increased definitive host abundance in recent decades. These results have potentially important implications for SI mitigation and control efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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41. Determination of crop dynamic and aerodynamic parameters for lodging prediction

Author

Joseph, G.M.D, Mohammadi, M., Sterling, M., Baker, C.J., Gillmeier, S.G., Soper, D., Jesson, M., Blackburn, G.A., Whyatt, J.D., Gullick, D., Murray, J., Berry, P., Hartley, D., Finnan, J., Joseph, G.M.D, Mohammadi, M., Sterling, M., Baker, C.J., Gillmeier, S.G., Soper, D., Jesson, M., Blackburn, G.A., Whyatt, J.D., Gullick, D., Murray, J., Berry, P., Hartley, D., and Finnan, J.

Abstract

This paper considers a process through which the wind costs the agricultural industry hundreds of millions of pounds per year - crop lodging. Lodging is the displacement of crops by wind (and rain) that can result in either stem breakage or uprooting. In particular this paper builds upon recent work to develop a generalised model of the lodging process and presents the results of several experimental campaigns to identify dynamic and aerodynamic parameters that are required as inputs to the model in order to estimate lodging wind speeds. These experiments were carried out at various sites in the UK and the Republic of Ireland to determine the natural frequencies, damping ratios and drag areas of maize, oats and oil seed rape. The experimental methodology, which was based upon the tracking of plant displacements, was shown to be robust, and consistent values of the parameters were obtained, albeit with much larger experimental uncertainties than would normally be expected in wind engineering applications. The values of these parameters were also consistent with those of earlier measurements for wheat. The generalised model was then used to determine lodging wind speeds for the three crops, and an assessment was made of the effect of experimental uncertainties in dynamic, aerodynamic and agronomic variables on the predicted values. In broad terms the generalised lodging model was shown to well describe the crop behaviour for isolated crops, and it was shown that it could be used in a simplified form for interlocked crop canopies. It was also shown that uncertainties in the aerodynamic parameters resulted in uncertainties of around an order of magnitude in lodging risk, whilst typical variations between plants in some crop parameters (notably stem strength and radius) could result in lodging risk uncertainties of two orders of magnitude.

Published
2020

42. Determination of crop dynamic and aerodynamic parameters for lodging prediction

Author

Joseph, GMD, Mohammadi, M, Sterling, M, Baker, CJ, Gillmeier, SG, Soper, D, Jesson, M, Blackburn, GA, Whyatt, JD, Gullick, D, Murray, J, Berry, P, Hartley, D, Finnan, J, Joseph, GMD, Mohammadi, M, Sterling, M, Baker, CJ, Gillmeier, SG, Soper, D, Jesson, M, Blackburn, GA, Whyatt, JD, Gullick, D, Murray, J, Berry, P, Hartley, D, and Finnan, J

Abstract

This paper considers a process through which the wind costs the agricultural industry hundreds of millions of pounds per year - crop lodging. Lodging is the displacement of crops by wind (and rain) that can result in either stem breakage or uprooting. In particular this paper builds upon recent work to develop a generalised model of the lodging process and presents the results of several experimental campaigns to identify dynamic and aerodynamic parameters that are required as inputs to the model in order to estimate lodging wind speeds. These experiments were carried out at various sites in the UK and the Republic of Ireland to determine the natural frequencies, damping ratios and drag areas of maize, oats and oil seed rape. The experimental methodology, which was based upon the tracking of plant displacements, was shown to be robust, and consistent values of the parameters were obtained, albeit with much larger experimental uncertainties than would normally be expected in wind engineering applications. The values of these parameters were also consistent with those of earlier measurements for wheat. The generalised model was then used to determine lodging wind speeds for the three crops, and an assessment was made of the effect of experimental uncertainties in dynamic, aerodynamic and agronomic variables on the predicted values. In broad terms the generalised lodging model was shown to well describe the crop behaviour for isolated crops, and it was shown that it could be used in a simplified form for interlocked crop canopies. It was also shown that uncertainties in the aerodynamic parameters resulted in uncertainties of around an order of magnitude in lodging risk, whilst typical variations between plants in some crop parameters (notably stem strength and radius) could result in lodging risk uncertainties of two orders of magnitude.

Published
2020

43. Growth and Cyclin-E Expression in the Stony Coral Species Orbicella faveolata Post-Microfragmentation.

Author

Soper, D. M., Villafranca, N., Dieffenthaller, J. P., Dieffenthaller, M., Tompkins, H., Weglarz, M., Vaughan, D., Hamlyn, S. B., and Stenesen, D.

Subjects
*SCLERACTINIA, *DISSECTING microscopes, *CNIDARIA, *SPECIES, *CORALS, *CELLULAR signal transduction, *GENOTYPES
Abstract

Coral growth is critical to reef health, resilience under rapidly changing environmental conditions, and restoration efforts. Although fragmenting coral has been occurring for many years in an effort to restore reefs, recently it was discovered that microfragmenting, the process of cutting one piece of coral into many small pieces (about three to five polyps), induces exponential growth. Our study investigates the process by which microfragments of nine different genotypes from the stony coral species Orbicella faveolata grow and exhibit Cyclin-E expression. Microfragments were examined by using a high-powered dissecting microscope with a camera to document the precise areas of tissue exhibiting exponential growth. We found that new polyp formation occurs only on the microfragment edges and that edge polyp growth rates varied between different genotypes. We then extracted tissue from both the edge and the center of five genotypes for genetic analysis. We chose to analyze Cyclin-E expression because it is involved with stimulating mitotic division and is a conserved signaling pathway that is known to exist in Drosophila , mammals, and Cnidaria. Two primers for Cyclin-E were utilized to examine the level of expression for center and edge tissue. We found that Cyclin-E is expressed differentially between O. faveolata polyps, with a tendency for increased expression of the Cyclin-E in edge versus center tissue in each of five genotypes, although this result was not significant. Despite consistently higher levels of Cyclin-E expression within an organism's edge tissue, genotypes varied significantly in the degree of increased expression. This variation positively correlated with growth rate, suggesting the potential for molecular selection in aid of more rapid reef restoration. Future work will focus on deciphering the specific growth pathways involved in microfragmented coral growth and analyzing expression patterns in injured tissues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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50. A Multi-disciplinary Approach for the Precision Management of Lodging Risk

Author

Stafford, John V., Berry, Pete, Blackburn, Alan, Sterling, Mark, Miao, Y., Hatley, D., Gullick, David, Joseph, G., Whyatt, Duncan, Soper, D., Murray, Jon, Baker, C., Stafford, John V., Berry, Pete, Blackburn, Alan, Sterling, Mark, Miao, Y., Hatley, D., Gullick, David, Joseph, G., Whyatt, Duncan, Soper, D., Murray, Jon, and Baker, C.

Abstract

This paper describes how wind engineering, geospatial science and crop agronomy disciplines can be combined to provide a decision support system for farmers to manage lodging risk, using the Crop Failure Assessment due to Lodging Losses (CROPFALL) framework. CROPFALL calculates lodging risk using information about topography, land cover, soil type and meteorological data, combined with a mechanistic model of lodging, and crop parameters. The risk of lodging is calculated at regional, farm, field and sub-field scales. The impact of crop management changes on lodging risk is simulated, demonstrating that modest crop management changes can achieve large reductions in lodging risk.

Published
2019

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