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1. Intermodel Spread of Historical Indian Monsoon Rainfall Change in CMIP6: The Role of the Tropical Pacific Mean State

Author: Guilbert, Marcellin, Terray, Pascal, Mignot, Juliette, Océan et variabilité du climat (VARCLIM), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), ANR-18-MPGA-0001,ARCHANGE,Changement climatique et Arctique et circulation océanique globale(2018), and ANR-19-JPOC-0003,ROADMAP,The Role of ocean dynamics and Ocean-Atmosphere interactions in Driving cliMAte variations and future Projections of impact-relevant extreme events(2019)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]
Abstract: Robust projections of the Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) are critical as it provides 80% of the annual precipitation to more than 1 billion people who are very vulnerable to climate change. However, even over the historical period, state-of-the-art climate models have difficulties in reproducing the observed ISMR trends and are affected by a large intermodel spread, which questions the reliability of ISMR projections. Such uncertainty could come from internal variability or model biases. Here, we study the impact of the latter on the historical forced change of ISMR in 34 models from CMIP6. First, we show that models’ biases over India do not significantly impact how they simulate the historical change of ISMR. However, we do find statistically significant relationships between ISMR historical forced changes and remote rainfall and temperature biases within the tropics by using a maximum covariance analysis (MCA). Our results highlight the key role of tropical Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) mean state biases as an important source of intermodel spread in the ISMR change. The physical mechanisms underlying these statistical relationships between ISMR change and the intermodel spread of Pacific SST biases are finally explored. We found that models having El Niño/La Niña–like mean SST bias in the Pacific tend to exhibit El Niño/La Niña–like changes over the historical period, impacting ISMR through a shift in the Walker circulation and Rossby wave propagation across the Pacific.
Published: 2023
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2. Seasonal and habitat-based variations in vertical export of biogenic sea-ice proxies in Hudson Bay

Author: Tiia Luostarinen, Kaarina Weckström, Jens Ehn, Michelle Kamula, Amanda Burson, Aura Diaz, Guillaume Massé, Suzanne McGowan, Zou Zou Kuzyk, Maija Heikkilä, Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences [Helsinki], Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Centre for Earth Observation Science [Winnipeg], University of Manitoba [Winnipeg], British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Variabilité de l'Océan et de la Glace de mer (VOG), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Environmental Change Research Unit (ECRU), and Aquatic Ecology (AqE)
Subjects: Diatoms, Canada, Dinoflagellate cysts, Quebec, Fresh-water, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Biomarker, North-atlantic, 1181 Ecology, evolutionary biology, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Variability, Manitounuk sound, Late quaternary, General Environmental Science
Abstract: Despite their wide use in past sea-ice reconstructions, the seasonal, habitat and species-based sources of sedimentary sea-ice proxies are poorly understood. Here, we conduct direct observations of the community composition of diatoms, dinoflagellate cysts and highly branched isoprenoid lipids within the sea ice, water column, sediment traps and sediment surface in the Belcher Islands Archipelago, Hudson Bay throughout spring 2019. We find that Arctic diatom and dinoflagellate cysts species commonly used as sea-ice proxies appear to be only indirectly linked to sea-ice conditions, and that the sediment assemblages of these groups overrepresent summertime pelagic blooms. Species contributing to the diverse sea-ice diatom communities are rare in the sediment. Dinoflagellate cysts form a typical Arctic assemblage in the sediment, although they are virtually absent in the sea ice and water column in spring. We also find that certain highly branched isoprenoid lipids that were previously considered indicators of open water, can be produced in sea-ice. We conclude that contextual knowledge and a multiproxy approach are necessary in reconstruction, encouraging further studies on the sources and controls of sea-ice proxy production in different geographic areas. Sedimentary assemblages of biogenic sea-ice proxies incorporate limited representation of the diverse sea-ice connected communities, according to direct springtime observations in the Belcher Islands Archipelago, Hudson Bay, Canada.Despite their wide use in past sea-ice reconstructions, the seasonal, habitat and species-based sources of sedimentary sea-ice proxies are poorly understood. Here, we conduct direct observations of the community composition of diatoms, dinoflagellate cysts and highly branched isoprenoid lipids within the sea ice, water column, sediment traps and sediment surface in the Belcher Islands Archipelago, Hudson Bay throughout spring 2019. We find that Arctic diatom and dinoflagellate cysts species commonly used as sea-ice proxies appear to be only indirectly linked to sea-ice conditions, and that the sediment assemblages of these groups overrepresent summertime pelagic blooms. Species contributing to the diverse sea-ice diatom communities are rare in the sediment. Dinoflagellate cysts form a typical Arctic assemblage in the sediment, although they are virtually absent in the sea ice and water column in spring. We also find that certain highly branched isoprenoid lipids that were previously considered indicators of open water, can be produced in sea-ice. We conclude that contextual knowledge and a multiproxy approach are necessary in reconstruction, encouraging further studies on the sources and controls of sea-ice proxy production in different geographic areas.
Published: 2023
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3. Dynamical diagnostic of extreme events in Venice lagoon and their mitigation with the MoSE

Author: Alberti, Tommaso, Anzidei, Marco, Faranda, Davide, Vecchio, Antonio, Favaro, Marco, Papa, Alvise, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia - Sezione di Roma (INGV), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), London Mathematical Laboratory, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Extrèmes : Statistiques, Impacts et Régionalisation (ESTIMR), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Radboud University [Nijmegen], Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and Istituzione Centro Previsioni e Segnalazioni Maree &ndash
Subjects: [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract: International audience; Extreme events are becoming more frequent due to anthropogenic climate change, posing serious concerns on societal and economic impacts and asking for mitigating strategies, as for Venice. Here, tidal gauge data from 4 stations of the Venice lagoon are used to characterize Extreme Sea Level (ESL) events by means of two dynamical indicators: the instantaneous dimension and the inverse persistence. A close connection is found between the occurrence of ESLs and the inverse persistence, while the instantaneous dimension informs us on the number of interfering factors contributing to the increase of sea level. We further examined the capability of the MoSE (Experimental Electromechanical Module), a safeguarding system recently put into operation, in mitigating extreme flooding events and its operational performances in relation with the values of the two dynamical indicators. We show that the two metrics can provide a valuable support to evaluate and inform operational lagoon forecasts.
Published: 2023
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4. Halogen chemistry in volcanic plumes: a 1D framework based on MOCAGE 1D (version R1.18.1) preparing 3D global chemistry modelling

Author: Virginie Marécal, Ronan Voisin-Plessis, Tjarda Jane Roberts, Alessandro Aiuppa, Herizo Narivelo, Paul David Hamer, Béatrice Josse, Jonathan Guth, Luke Surl, Lisa Grellier, Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare [Palermo] (DiSTeM), Università degli studi di Palermo - University of Palermo, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Department of Chemistry [Aberdeen], School of Natural and Computing Sciences, University of Aberdeen-University of Aberdeen, STRATO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Interprofessionnel Technique d'Etude des Pollutions Atmosphériques (CITEPA), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Norsk Institutt for Luftforskning (NILU), VOLC-HAL-CLIM: ANR-18-CE1-0018, and ANR-18-CE01-0018,VOLC-HAL-CLIM,Halogènes volcaniques : de la Terre profonde aux impacts atmosphériques(2018)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Halogen chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Volcanic emissions, [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, General Medicine
Abstract: HBr emissions from volcanoes lead rapidly to the formation of BrO within volcanic plumes and have an impact on tropospheric chemistry, at least at the local and regional scales. The motivation of this paper is to prepare a framework for further 3D modelling of volcanic halogen emissions in order to determine their fate within the volcanic plume and then in the atmosphere at the regional and global scales. The main aim is to evaluate the ability of the model to produce a realistic partitioning of bromine species within a grid box size typical of MOCAGE (Model Of atmospheric Chemistry At larGE scale) 3D (0.5∘ × 0.5∘). This work is based on a 1D single-column configuration of the global chemistry-transport model MOCAGE that has low enough computational cost to allow us to perform a large set of sensitivity simulations. This paper uses the emissions from the Mount Etna eruption on 10 May 2008. Several reactions are added to MOCAGE to represent the volcanic plume halogen chemistry. A simple plume parameterisation is also implemented and tested. The use of this parameterisation tends to only slightly limit the efficiency of BrO net production. Both simulations with and without the parameterisation give results for the partitioning of the bromine species, of ozone depletion and of the BrO/SO2 ratio that are consistent with previous studies. A series of test experiments were performed to evaluate the sensitivity of the results to the composition of the emissions (primary sulfate aerosols, Br radical and NO) and to the effective radius assumed for the volcanic sulfate aerosols. Simulations show that the plume chemistry is sensitive to all these parameters. We also find that the maximum altitude of the eruption changes the BrO production, which is linked to the vertical variability of the concentrations of oxidants in the background air. These sensitivity tests display changes in the bromine chemistry cycles that are generally at least as important as the plume parameterisation. Overall, the version of the MOCAGE chemistry developed for this study is suitable to produce the expected halogen chemistry in volcanic plumes during daytime and night-time.
Published: 2023
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5. Electric sampling of soot particles in spreading non-premixed flames: methodology and influence of gravity

Author: Li, Yutao, Bordino, Antoine, Guibaud, Augustin, Montero, David, Citerne, Jean-Marie, Consalvi, Jean-Louis, Torero, Jose, Legros, Guillaume, Institut Jean Le Rond d'Alembert (DALEMBERT), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École polytechnique (X), University College of London [London] (UCL), Institut des matériaux de Paris-Centre (IMPC), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut universitaire des systèmes thermiques industriels (IUSTI), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (ICARE), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut des Sciences de l'Ingénierie et des Systèmes (INSIS - CNRS), and GDR 2799 Micropesanteur Fondamentale & Appliquée
Subjects: Soot sampling, Mechanics of Materials, [SPI.FLUID]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Reactive fluid environment, Soot morphology, Fire safety, General Materials Science, Flame spread, Microgravity
Abstract: International audience; Finer strategies of spacecraft fire mitigation require more experimental data related to fire detection. Fire detection systems developed on Earth rely massively on the optical detection of soot particles, which are present in the smoke. To detect the fire correctly, it is thus important to know how the optical properties of these particles are affected in reduced gravity. With different transport processes and increased residence time, soot in reduced gravity can be different from those produced at normal gravity. As their optical properties are related to their morphological properties, a better understanding about the evolution of soot particle morphology in flames under microgravity conditions is required. Within this context, a novel technique of soot sampling using electric field is applied to a spreading non-premixed flame at normal and micro-gravity. The soot particles sampled are observed subsequently under Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Density, soot particle projected area, radius of gyration, fractal dimension, and primary particle size are extracted and the influence of gravity is investigated with the evolution of these morphological properties within the flame. Though the present study cannot be conclusive in itself, the similarity between the evolution of the optical density measured throughout the flame just before the electric perturbation required by the sampling technique and the evolution of the amount of soot deposited due to the electric perturbation along the sampling plates supports the future works that need to be devoted to further assess the consistency of the technique.
Published: 2023
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6. Visualizing Water Reduction with Diazonium Grafting on a Glassy Carbon Electrode Surface in a Water-in-Salt Electrolyte

Author: Yachao Zhu, Lea Droguet, Jie Deng, Xuanze Wang, Luming Li, Yannick Dufil, Mathieu Deschannels, Rossukon Jommongkol, Chayaporn Pareseecharoen, Alexis Grimaud, Jean-Marie Tarascon, Olivier Fontaine, Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier - Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux de Montpellier (ICGM), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM), Université de Montpellier (UM), Chimie du solide et de l'énergie (CSE), Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chongqing University [Chongqing], Universitat Ramon Llull [Barcelona] (URL), Réseau sur le stockage électrochimique de l'énergie (RS2E), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM), and Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: water-in-salt electrolyte, General Materials Science, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, artificial SEI layer, glassy carbon, hydrophobic grafting layer, passivation layer, solid-electrolyte interphase, diazonium grafting, aqueous batteries
Abstract: International audience; Aqueous batteries are regaining interest, thanks to the extended working stability voltage window in a highly concentrated electrolyte, namely the water-in-salt electrolyte. A solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) forms on the negative electrode to prevent water access to the electrode surface. However, we further reported that the formed SEI layer was not uniform on the surface of the glassy carbon electrode. The SEI after passivation will also show degradation during the remaining time of open-circuit voltage (OCV); hence, it calls for a more stable passivation layer to cover the electrode surface. Here, a surface modification was successfully achieved via artificial diazonium grafting using monomers, such as poly(ethylene glycol), α-methoxy, ω-allyloxy (PEG), and allyl glycidyl cyclocarbonate (AGC), on glassy carbon. Physical and electrochemical measurements indicated that the hydrophobic layer composed of PEG or AGC species was well grafted on the electrode surface. The grafted hydrophobic coatings could protect the electrode surface from the water molecules in the bulk electrolyte and then suppress the free water decomposition (from LSV) but still migrating lithium ions. Furthermore, multiple cycles of CV with one-hour resting OCV identified the good stability of the hydrophobic grafting layer, which is a highlight compared with our precious work. These findings relying on the diazonium grafting design may offer a new strategy to construct a stable artificial SEI layer that can well protect the electrode surface from the free water molecule.
Published: 2023
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7. Mbi Crater (Cameroon) illustrates the relations between mountain and lowland forests over the past 15,000 years in western equatorial Africa

Author: Kenji Izumi, Gaston Achoundong, Anne-Marie Lézine, Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Variabilité à long terme du climat de l'océan (VALCO), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), School of Geographical Sciences [Bristol], University of Bristol [Bristol], Institut de Recherche Agricole pour le Développement [Yaoundé] (IRAD), ANR-06-BDIV-0014,IFORA,Les îles forestières africaines : modèles d'une nouvelle approche de la dynamique de structuration de la biodiversité(2006), ANR-09-PEXT-0001,C3A,Et si la 6ème extinction avait déjà eu lieu ? Causes et Conséquences de la dernière grande ' Crise ' environnementale (3000 ans BP) en Afrique équatoriale atlantique.(2009), ANR-15-MASC-0003,VULPES,VULnerability of Populations under Extreme Scenarios(2015), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, geography.geographical_feature_category, Biome, Biodiversity, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Climate change, Ecotone, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Grassland, Geography, 13. Climate action, 14. Life underwater, Physical geography, Younger Dryas, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Sea level, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract: Pollen-based vegetation, biodiversity, and biome reconstructions over the last 15,500 years from sediment core data at Mbi Crater in the Cameroon highlands (6.089273° N, 10.348549° E; 2015 m above sea level) are used to discuss the behavior of the lower edge of the Afromontane forest facing climate change. The data reveal that the post-glacial forest change gradually happened at Mbi and that the forest-wooded grassland ecotone was highly influenced by the climate variability related to the North Atlantic. The forest disruption and diversity loss intermittently occurred over the whole period, and their vegetation changes temporally match dry-cold events at the northern latitudes during the Younger Dryas, at 9.5–9.1 ka, 8.6–8.0 ka, 6.7–6.0 ka, 3.2 ka, and during the Little Ice Age (LIA). During the LIA, the mountain forest was subject to unprecedented levels of disturbance at all altitudes, unlike the seasonal lowland forests, which appears to have been only marginally affected.
Published: 2023
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8. Identification of Novel Compounds Inhibiting the Kinase Activity of the CDK5/p25 Complex via Direct Binding to p25

Author: Riheb Jabeur, Caroline Corbel, Pascal Loyer, Annabelle Le Parc, Adélaide Le Grand, Arnaud Comte, Stéphane Bach, Gwenaëlle André-Leroux, Olivier Sire, Hedi Ben Mansour, Véronique Le Tilly, Institut de Recherche Dupuy de Lôme (IRDL), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Monastir - University of Monastir (UM), Nutrition, Métabolismes et Cancer (NuMeCan), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Supérieure de Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon (CPE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrative des Modèles Marins (LBI2M), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Plate-forme de criblage d'inhibiteurs de protéines kinases=Kinase Inhibitor Specialized Screening facility (KISSf), Fédération de recherche de Roscoff (FR2424), Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), North-West University [South Aftrica] (NWU), and The PhD thesis of Riheb Jabeur was partly supported by ERASMUS+ MIC. This work was also supported by Les Comités du Morbihan et de l’Ille-et-Vilaine de la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer.
Subjects: [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Biochemistry
Abstract: International audience; Tamoxifen, the gold standard drug for endocrine therapy for breast cancer, modulates the phosphorylation status of the TAU protein in Alzheimer’s disease by inhibiting CDK5 kinase activity. Its binding to p25 prevents CDK5/p25 complexation and hence a decrease of CDK5 activity. In breast tumors, this complex is involved in the proliferation and survival of cancer cells, as well as in the disease’s prognosis. Still, the molecular stability of the CDK5/p25 complex following tamoxifen exposure in this cancer type has not yet been clearly deciphered. Here, we report the functional characterization of CDK5 and its p25 regulatory subunit in the absence and presence of tamoxifen. In addition, two novel inhibitors of the kinase activity of the CDK5/p25 complex are identified, both of which would reduce the risk of recurrence of estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancers and prevent drawbacks induced by tamoxifen exposure. Accordingly, 6His-CDK5 and 6His-p25 have been expressed and purified. Fluorescence anisotropy measurements have been used to assess that the two proteins do form an active complex, and thermodynamic parameters of their interaction were measured. It was also confirmed that tamoxifen directly binds to p25 and inhibits CDK5 kinase activity. Similar observations were obtained using 4-hydroxytamoxifen, an active metabolized form of tamoxifen. Two novel compounds have been identified here that harbor a benzofuran moiety and were shown to target directly p25, and their bindings resulted in decreased CDK5 kinase activity. This encouraging alternative opens the way to the ensuing chemical optimization of this scaffold. It also promises a more specific therapeutic approach that may both tackle the pathological signaling in breast cancer and provide a potential new drug for Alzheimer’s disease.
Published: 2023
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9. Extension of the Trotterized Unitary Coupled Cluster to Triple Excitations

Author: Mohammad Haidar, Marko J. Rančić, Yvon Maday, Jean-Philip Piquemal, Laboratoire de chimie théorique (LCT), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), TotalEnergies, Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions (LJLL (UMR_7598)), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Sorbonne Université (SU), Biomedical Engineering [Austin], University of Texas at Austin [Austin], and European Project: 810367,EMC2(2019)
Subjects: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph), Quantum Physics, UCCSDT, FOS: Physical sciences, triple excitations, Quantum computing, QLM, [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], Physics - Chemical Physics, Coupled cluster theory, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), Quantum chemistry
Abstract: International audience; The Trotterized Unitary Coupled Cluster Single and Double (UCCSD) ansatz has recently attracted interest due to its use in Variation Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) molecular simulations on quantum computers. However, when the size of molecules increases, UCCSD becomes less interesting as it cannot achieve sufficient accuracy. Including higher-order excitations is therefore mandatory to recover the UCC's missing correlation effects. In this Letter, we extend the Trotterized UCC approach via the addition of (true) Triple T excitations introducing UCCSDT. We also include both spin and orbital symmetries. Indeed, in practice, these later help to reduce unnecessarily circuit excitations and thus accelerate the optimization process enabling to tackle larger molecules. Our initial numerical tests (12-14 qubits) show that UCCSDT improves the overall accuracy by at least two-orders of magnitudes with respect to standard UCCSD. Overall, the UCCSDT ansatz is shown to reach chemical accuracy and to be competitive with the CCSD(T) gold-standard classical method of quantum chemistry.
Published: 2023
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10. Cost of observability inequalities for elliptic equations in 2-d with potentials and applications to control theory

Author: Ervedoza, Sylvain, Le Balc’h, Kévin, Institut de Mathématiques de Bordeaux (IMB), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (Bordeaux INP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Control And GEometry (CaGE ), Inria de Paris, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions (LJLL (UMR_7598)), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and ANR-20-CE40-0009,TRECOS,Nouvelles directions en contrôle et stabilisation: Contraintes et termes non-locaux(2020)
Subjects: Quantitative unique continuation, Applied Mathematics, Control, [MATH.MATH-AP]Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP], [MATH.MATH-OC]Mathematics [math]/Optimization and Control [math.OC], Elliptic equations, Analysis
Abstract: The goal of this article is to obtain observability estimates for non-homogeneous elliptic equations in the presence of a potential, posed on a smooth bounded domain Ω in 2-d and observed from a non-empty open subset ω ⊂ Ω. More precisely, for every real-valued bounded potential V, our main result shows that, when Ω has a finite number of holes, the observability constant of the elliptic operator −∆ + V, with domain H^2 ∩ H^1_0(Ω), is of the form C exp (C |V|^{1/2} \log^{1/2}(|V|)) where C is a positive constant depending only on Ω and ω. Our methodology of proof is crucially based on the one recently developed by Logunov, Malinnikova, Nadirashvili, and Nazarov, in the context of the Landis conjecture on exponential decay of solutions to homogeneous elliptic equations in the plane. The main difference and additional difficulty is that the zero set of the solutions to elliptic equations with source term can be very intricate and should be dealt with carefully. As a consequence of these new observability estimates, we obtain new results concerning control of semi-linear elliptic equations in the spirit of Fernández-Cara, Zuazua's open problem concerning small-time global null-controllability of slightly super-linear heat equations.
Published: 2023
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11. Lunar eclipses illuminate timing and climate impact of medieval volcanism

Author: Guillet, Sébastien, Corona, Christophe, Oppenheimer, Clive, Lavigne, Franck, Khodri, Myriam, Ludlow, Francis, Sigl, Michael, Toohey, Matthew, Atkins, Paul S, Yang, Zhen, Muranaka, Tomoko, Horikawa, Nobuko, Stoffel, Markus, Climate Change Impacts and Risks in the Anthropocene (C-CIA), Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (University of Geneva), Laboratoire de Géographie Physique et Environnementale (GEOLAB), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Laboratoire de géographie physique : Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels (LGP), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Trinity Centre for Environmental Humanities, Department of History, School of Histories & Humanities, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (Trinity College Dublin), Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE), Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. (University of Saskatchewan), Department of Asian Languages & Literature, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA (University of Washington), Climate Change Impacts and Risks in the Anthropocene (C-CIA), Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. (University of Geneva), Department of Asian Languages & Literature, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. (University of Washington), ANR-11-IDEX-0004,SUPER,Sorbonne Universités à Paris pour l'Enseignement et la Recherche(2011), European Project: 820047,THERA, European Project: 951649,4-OCEANS, Guillet, Sébastien [0000-0002-0602-0518], Corona, Christophe [0000-0002-7645-6157], Oppenheimer, Clive [0000-0003-4506-7260], Khodri, Myriam [0000-0003-1941-1646], Ludlow, Francis [0000-0003-0008-0314], Toohey, Matthew [0000-0002-7070-405X], Atkins, Paul S. [0000-0002-4048-5036], Stoffel, Markus [0000-0003-0816-1303], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, and Atkins, Paul S [0000-0002-4048-5036]
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 13 Climate Action, Multidisciplinary, 530 Physics, 520 Astronomy, article, 704/106/694/1108, 37 Earth Sciences, 3705 Geology, 3709 Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, 530 Physik, [SHS.HISPHILSO]Humanities and Social Sciences/History, Philosophy and Sociology of Sciences, 540 Chemistry, 704/106/413, 550 Earth sciences & geology, 900 History
Abstract: Acknowledgements: S.G., C.C., M.K. and M. Stoffel were supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation Sinergia Project CALDERA (CRSII5_183571). S.G. acknowledges A. Harrak (Department of Near and Middle Eastern Civilizations, University of Toronto), F. Espenak (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center), F. Hierink (Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva) and P. Souyri (Department of East Asian Studies, University of Geneva) for providing advice on the manuscript. F. Lavigne was supported by Institut Universitaire de France (IUF, Academic Institute of France). M.K. received funding from the EUR IPSL – Climate Graduate School project, managed by the ANR within the “Investissements d’avenir” programme under reference ANR-11-IDEX-0004-17-EURE-0006. F. Ludlow received funding from an Irish Research Council Starting Laureate Award (CLICAB project, IRCLA/2017/303). F. Ludlow and Z.Y. also received funding from a European Research Council (ERC) Synergy Grant (4-OCEANS; grant agreement no. 951649) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme. M. Sigl received funding from the ERC under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no. 820047). This paper is a product of the Volcanic Impacts on Climate and Society (VICS) working group., Explosive volcanism is a key contributor to climate variability on interannual to centennial timescales1. Understanding the far-field societal impacts of eruption-forced climatic changes requires firm event chronologies and reliable estimates of both the burden and altitude (that is, tropospheric versus stratospheric) of volcanic sulfate aerosol2, 3. However, despite progress in ice-core dating, uncertainties remain in these key factors4. This particularly hinders investigation of the role of large, temporally clustered eruptions during the High Medieval Period (HMP, 1100–1300 ce), which have been implicated in the transition from the warm Medieval Climate Anomaly to the Little Ice Age5. Here we shed new light on explosive volcanism during the HMP, drawing on analysis of contemporary reports of total lunar eclipses, from which we derive a time series of stratospheric turbidity. By combining this new record with aerosol model simulations and tree-ring-based climate proxies, we refine the estimated dates of five notable eruptions and associate each with stratospheric aerosol veils. Five further eruptions, including one responsible for high sulfur deposition over Greenland circa 1182 ce, affected only the troposphere and had muted climatic consequences. Our findings offer support for further investigation of the decadal-scale to centennial-scale climate response to volcanic eruptions.
Published: 2023
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12. Index theorems for graph-parametrized optimal control problems

Author: Andrei Agrachev, Stefano Baranzini, Ivan Beschastnyi, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati / International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA / ISAS), Control And GEometry (CaGE ), Inria de Paris, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions (LJLL (UMR_7598)), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Universidade de Aveiro, and The work of the third author was supported through the CIDMA Center for Research and Development in Mathematics and Applications, and the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology ('FCT - Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia') within the project UIDP/04106/2020.
Subjects: Mathematics - Differential Geometry, Differential Geometry (math.DG), Optimization and Control (math.OC), Applied Mathematics, FOS: Mathematics, General Physics and Astronomy, Statistical and Nonlinear Physics, [MATH.MATH-OC]Mathematics [math]/Optimization and Control [math.OC], Mathematics - Optimization and Control, Mathematical Physics
Abstract: In this paper we prove Morse index theorems for a big class of constrained variational problems on graphs. Such theorems are useful in various physical and geometric applications. Our formulas compute the difference of Morse indices of two Hessians related to two different graphs or two different sets of boundary conditions. Several applications such as the iteration formulas or lower bounds for the index are proved., 30 pages, 4 figures
Published: 2023
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13. PTPA variants and impaired PP2A activity in early-onset parkinsonism with intellectual disability

Author: Fevga, Christina, Tesson, Christelle, Carreras Mascaro, Ana, Courtin, Thomas, Van Coller, Riaan, Sakka, Salma, Ferraro, Federico, Farhat, Nouha, Bardien, Soraya, Damak, Mariem, Carr, Jonathan, Ferrien, Melanie, Boumeester, Valerie, Hundscheid, Jasmijn, Grillenzoni, Nicola, Kessissoglou, Irini A., Kuipers, Demy J.S., Quadri, Marialuisa, Agid, Yves, Anheim, Mathieu, Borg, Michel, Brice, Alexis, Broussolle, Emmanuel, Corvol, Jean Christophe, Damier, Philippe, Defebvre, Luc, Dürr, Alexandra, Durif, Franck, Houeto, Jean Luc, Krack, Paul, Klebe, Stephan, Lesage, Suzanne, Lohmann, Ebba, Martinez, Maria, Mangone, Graziella, Mariani, Louise Laure, Pollak, Pierre, Rascol, Olivier, Tison, François, Tranchant, Christine, Verin, Marc, Viallet, François, Vidailhet, Marie, Emre, Murat, Hanagasi, Hasmet, Bilgic, Basar, Lu, Bedia Marangozog, Benmahdjoub, Mustapha, Arezki, Mohammed, Bouchetara, Sofiane A., Benhassine, Traki, Tazir, Meriem, Djebara, Mouna Ben, Gouider, Riadh, Romdhan, Sawssan Ben, Mhiri, Chokri, Bouhouche, Ahmed, Bonifati, Vincenzo, Mandemakers, Wim, Kievit, Anneke J.A., Boon, Agnita J.W., Ferreira, Joaquim J., Guedes, Leonor Correia, Hanagasi, Hasmet A., Tufekcioglu, Zeynep, Elibol, Bulent, Dog.u, Okan, Gultekin, Murat, Chien, Hsin F., Barbosa, Egberto, Jardim, Laura Bannach, Rieder, Carlos R.M., Chang, Hsiu Chen, Lu, Chin Song, Wu-Chou, Yah Huei, Yeh, Tu Hsueh, Lopiano, Leonardo, Tassorelli, Cristina, Pacchetti, Claudio, Comi, Cristoforo, Raudino, Francesco, Bertolasi, Laura, Tinazzi, Michele, Bonizzato, Alberto, Ferracci, Carlo, Marconi, Roberto, Guidi, Marco, Onofrj, Marco, Thomas, Astrid, Vanacore, Nicola, Meco, Giuseppe, Fabrizio, Edito, Fabbrini, Giovanni, Berardelli, Alfredo, Stocchi, Fabrizio, Vacca, Laura, Barone, Paolo, Picillo, Marina, De Michele, Giuseppe, Criscuolo, Chiara, De Mari, Michele, Dell'aquila, Claudia, Iliceto, Giovanni, Toni, Vincenzo, Trianni, Giorgio, Saddi, Valeria, Cossu, Gianni, Melis, Maurizio, Hassan, Bassem A., Breedveld, Guido J., Erasmus University Medical Center [Rotterdam] (Erasmus MC), Institut du Cerveau = Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Génétique médicale [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Faculty of Health Sciences [Pretoria], University of Pretoria [South Africa], Hopital Habib Bourguiba - Habib Bourguiba Hospital [Sfax], Stellenbosch University, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Motivation, cerveau et comportement = Motivation, Brain and Behavior [ICM Paris] (MBB), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Tesson, Christelle, Clinical Genetics, and Neurology
Subjects: [SDV.GEN.GH]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, intellectual disability, PTPA, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], PPP2R4, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Neurology (clinical), [SDV.GEN.GH] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, parkinsonism, PP2A
Abstract: The protein phosphatase 2A complex (PP2A), the major Ser/Thr phosphatase in the brain, is involved in a number of signalling pathways and functions, including the regulation of crucial proteins for neurodegeneration, such as alpha-synuclein, tau and LRRK2. Here, we report the identification of variants in the PTPA/PPP2R4 gene, encoding a major PP2A activator, in two families with early-onset parkinsonism and intellectual disability. We carried out clinical studies and genetic analyses, including genome-wide linkage analysis, whole-exome sequencing, and Sanger sequencing of candidate variants. We next performed functional studies on the disease-associated variants in cultured cells and knock-down of ptpa in Drosophila melanogaster. We first identified a homozygous PTPA variant, c.893T>G (p.Met298Arg), in patients from a South African family with early-onset parkinsonism and intellectual disability. Screening of a large series of additional families yielded a second homozygous variant, c.512C>A (p.Ala171Asp), in a Libyan family with a similar phenotype. Both variants co-segregate with disease in the respective families. The affected subjects display juvenile-onset parkinsonism and intellectual disability. The motor symptoms were responsive to treatment with levodopa and deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus. In overexpression studies, both the PTPA p.Ala171Asp and p.Met298Arg variants were associated with decreased PTPA RNA stability and decreased PTPA protein levels; the p.Ala171Asp variant additionally displayed decreased PTPA protein stability. Crucially, expression of both variants was associated with decreased PP2A complex levels and impaired PP2A phosphatase activation. PTPA orthologue knock-down in Drosophila neurons induced a significant impairment of locomotion in the climbing test. This defect was age-dependent and fully reversed by L-DOPA treatment. We conclude that bi-allelic missense PTPA variants associated with impaired activation of the PP2A phosphatase cause autosomal recessive early-onset parkinsonism with intellectual disability. Our findings might also provide new insights for understanding the role of the PP2A complex in the pathogenesis of more common forms of neurodegeneration.
Published: 2023
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14. A special issue of Essays in Biochemistry on current advances about CAZymes and their impact and key role in human health and environment

Author: Mirjam Czjzek, Elizabeth Ficko-Blean, Jean-Guy Berrin, Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrative des Modèles Marins (LBI2M), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques (BBF), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Molecular Biology, Biochemistry
Abstract: Carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) and their biochemical characterization have been the subject of extensive research over the past ten years due to their importance to carbohydrate metabolism in different biological contexts. For instance, the understanding that ‘polysaccharide utilizing loci’ (PUL) systems hosted by specific ‘carbohydrate degraders’ in the intestinal microbiota play key roles in health and disease, such as Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis or colorectal cancer to name the most well-characterized, has led to an outstanding effort in trying to decipher the molecular mechanisms by which these processes are organized and regulated. The past 10 years has also seen the expansion of CAZymes with auxiliary activities, such as lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) or even sulfatases, and interest has grown in general about the enzymes needed to remove the numerous decorations and modifications of complex biomass, such as carbohydrate esterases (CE). Today, the characterization of these ‘modifying’ enzymes allows us to tackle a much more complex biomass, which presents sulfations, methylations, acetylations or interconnections with lignin. This special issue about CAZyme biochemistry covers all these aspects, ranging from implications in disease to environmental and biotechnological impact, with a varied collection of twenty-four review articles providing current biochemical, structural and mechanistic insights into their respective topics.
Published: 2023
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15. Impact of the gut microbiome on nicotine’s motivational effects and glial cells in the ventral tegmental area in male mice

Author: Alina Lakosa, Anaïs Rahimian, Flavio Tomasi, Fabio Marti, Lauren M. Reynolds, Léa Tochon, Vincent David, Anne Danckaert, Candice Canonne, Sylvana Tahraoui, Fabrice de Chaumont, Benoît Forget, Uwe Maskos, Morgane Besson, Neurobiologie intégrative des Systèmes cholinergiques / Integrative Neurobiology of Cholinergic Systems (NISC), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire Plasticité du Cerveau Brain Plasticity (UMR 8249) (PdC), Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Neuroscience Paris Seine (NPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux (UB), Institut de Neurosciences cognitives et intégratives d'Aquitaine (INCIA), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-SFR Bordeaux Neurosciences-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Plateforme technologique Bioimagerie Photonique - Photonic BioImaging Technologic Platform, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Génétique humaine et fonctions cognitives - Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions (GHFC (UMR_3571 / U-Pasteur_1)), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), This work was supported by the Institut Pasteur, Paris (GPF Microbes and Brain, project 'µBIOTADDICT'). UtechS PBI/C2RT is part of the France BioImaging infrastructure supported by the French National Research Agency (ANR-10-INSB-04-01, 'Investments for the future') and is supported by Conseil de la Region Ile-de-France (Domaine d’Intérêt Majeur DIM1HEALTH) and by Fondation Française pour la Recherche Médicale (Programme Grands Equipements)., and ANR-10-INBS-0004,France-BioImaging,Développment d'une infrastructure française distribuée coordonnée(2010)
Subjects: Pharmacology, Psychiatry and Mental health, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
Abstract: International audience; A link between gut dysbiosis and the pathogenesis of brain disorders has been identified. A role for gut bacteria in drug reward and addiction has been suggested but very few studies have investigated their impact on brain and behavioral responses to addictive drugs so far. In particular, their influence on nicotine’s addiction-like processes remains unknown. In addition, evidence shows that glial cells shape the neuronal activity of the mesolimbic system but their regulation, within this system, by the gut microbiome is not established. We demonstrate that a lack of gut microbiota in male mice potentiates the nicotine-induced activation of sub-regions of the mesolimbic system. We further show that gut microbiota depletion enhances the response to nicotine of dopaminergic neurons of the posterior ventral tegmental area (pVTA), and alters nicotine’s rewarding and aversive effects in an intra-VTA self-administration procedure. These effects were not associated with gross behavioral alterations and the nicotine withdrawal syndrome was not impacted. We further show that depletion of the gut microbiome modulates the glial cells of the mesolimbic system. Notably, it increases the number of astrocytes selectively in the pVTA, and the expression of postsynaptic density protein 95 in both VTA sub-regions, without altering the density of the astrocytic glutamatergic transporter GLT1. Finally, we identify several sub-populations of microglia in the VTA that differ between its anterior and posterior sub-parts, and show that they are re-organized in conditions of gut microbiota depletion. The present study paves the way for refining our understanding of the pathophysiology of nicotine addiction.
Published: 2023
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16. Enhanced star formation through the high-temperature formation of H2 on carbonaceous dust grains

Author: Francesco Grieco, Patrice Theulé, Ilse De Looze, François Dulieu, LERMA Cergy (LERMA), Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique et Atmosphères = Laboratory for Studies of Radiation and Matter in Astrophysics and Atmospheres (LERMA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CY Cergy Paris Université (CY)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CY Cergy Paris Université (CY), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centro di ricerca per la genomica e la postgenomica animale e vegetale (GPG), Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria = Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), University College of London [London] (UCL), and ANR-19-CE31-0021,SIRC,Chimie des radicaux en phase solide pour l'astrophysique(2019)
Subjects: [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU.ASTR.SR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR], Astronomy and Astrophysics
Abstract: The microphysics of molecular hydrogen formation has an influence on galactic-scale star-formation rates over cosmic time. H2 is the cooling agent needed to initiate the cloud collapse regulating the star-formation efficiency. H2 formation is inefficient in the gas phase under typical interstellar conditions, requiring dust grain surfaces to act as catalysts. Small carbonaceous grains with sizes from roughly 4 to 100–200 Å, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), have been shown to increase the H2 formation rates due to their large surface-to-volume ratios. H2 formation rates on PAHs were previously thought to reduce above temperatures of 50 K and H atom recombination was believed to be highly efficient only below 20 K. Until now, both laboratory experiments and theoretical modelling have suggested that H2 cannot form on grains with temperatures above 100 K. Here we report evidence, through direct laboratory measurements, of the highly efficient formation of H2 at temperatures up to 250 K on carbonaceous surfaces mimicking interstellar dust. By pushing their formation towards warmer temperatures, the H2 molecules could start contributing substantially to the cooling of warmer gas (temperatures of roughly 50–250 K). This will have a marked impact on our understanding of H2 formation in nearby galaxies and its efficiency in high-redshift galaxies where the Cosmic Microwave Background already pushes dust temperatures to more than 20 K.
Published: 2023
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17. PTOPO: Computing the geometry and the topology of parametric curves

Author: Katsamaki, Christina, Rouillier, Fabrice, Tsigaridas, Elias, Zafeirakopoulos, Zafeirakis, OUtils de Résolution Algébriques pour la Géométrie et ses ApplicatioNs (OURAGAN), Inria de Paris, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Institut de Mathématiques de Jussieu - Paris Rive Gauche (IMJ-PRG (UMR_7586)), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Gebze Teknik Üniversitesi [Gebze], This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement N° 754362., European Project: 754362,MathInParis(2017), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)
Subjects: [INFO.INFO-SC]Computer Science [cs]/Symbolic Computation [cs.SC], FOS: Computer and information sciences, Computer Science - Symbolic Computation, Computational Mathematics, Algebra and Number Theory, Bit complexity, Parametric curve, Symbolic Computation (cs.SC), [INFO.INFO-CG]Computer Science [cs]/Computational Geometry [cs.CG], Topology, Polynomial systems
Abstract: We consider the problem of computing the topology and describing the geometry of a parametric curve in $\mathbb{R}^n$. We present an algorithm, PTOPO, that constructs an abstract graph that is isotopic to the curve in the embedding space. Our method exploits the benefits of the parametric representation and does not resort to implicitization. Most importantly, we perform all computations in the parameter space and not in the implicit space. When the parametrization involves polynomials of degree at most $d$ and maximum bitsize of coefficients $\tau$, then the worst case bit complexity of PTOPO is $ \tilde{\mathcal{O}}_B(nd^6+nd^5\tau+d^4(n^2+n\tau)+d^3(n^2\tau+ n^3)+n^3d^2\tau)$. This bound matches the current record bound $\tilde{\mathcal{O}}_B(d^6+d^5\tau)$ for the problem of computing the topology of a plane algebraic curve given in implicit form. For plane and space curves, if $N = \max\{d, \tau \}$, the complexity of PTOPO becomes $\tilde{\mathcal{O}}_B(N^6)$, which improves the state-of-the-art result, due to Alc\'azar and D\'iaz-Toca [CAGD'10], by a factor of $N^{10}$. In the same time complexity, we obtain a graph whose straight-line embedding is isotopic to the curve. However, visualizing the curve on top of the abstract graph construction, increases the bound to $\tilde{\mathcal{O}}_B(N^7)$. For curves of general dimension, we can also distinguish between ordinary and non-ordinary real singularities and determine their multiplicities in the same expected complexity of PTOPO by employing the algorithm of Blasco and P\'erez-D\'iaz [CAGD'19]. We have implemented PTOPO in Maple for the case of plane and space curves. Our experiments illustrate its practical nature.
Published: 2023
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18. Assessing the Extent of Potential Inversion by Cyclic Voltammetry: Theory, Pitfalls, and Application to a Nickel Complex with Redox-Active Iminosemiquinone Ligands

Author: Cheriehan Hessin, Jules Schleinitz, Nolwenn Le Breton, Sylvie Choua, Laurence Grimaud, Vincent Fourmond, Marine Desage-El Murr, Christophe Léger, Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des biomolécules (LBM UMR 7203), Chimie Moléculaire de Paris Centre (FR 2769), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Chimie - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines (BIP ), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Inorganic Chemistry, [CHIM.COOR]Chemical Sciences/Coordination chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, [CHIM.OTHE]Chemical Sciences/Other
Abstract: International audience; Potential inversion refers to the situation where a protein cofactor or a synthetic molecule can be oxidized or reduced twice in a cooperative manner, that is the second electron transfer (ET) is easier than the first. This property is very important regarding the catalytic mechanism of enzymes that bifurcate electrons and the properties of bidirectional redox molecular catalysts that function in either direction of the reaction with no overpotential. Cyclic voltammetry is the most common technique for characterizing the thermodynamics and kinetics of ET to or from these molecules. However, a gap in the literature is the absence of analytical predictions to help interpret the values of the voltammetric peak potentials when potential inversion occurs ; the cyclic voltammograms are therefore often analyzed by simulating the data, with no discussion of the possibility of overfitting and often no estimation of the error on the determined parameters. Here we formulate the theory for the voltammetry of freely-diffusing or surface-confined two-electron redox species in the experimentally relevant irreversible limit where the peak separation depends on scan rate. We explain why the model is intrinsically underdetermined, and we illustrate this conclusion by the analysis of the voltammetry of a Ni complex with redox-active iminosemiquinone ligands. Being able to characterize the thermodynamics of two-electron transfer reactions will be crucial for designing more efficient catalysts.
Published: 2023
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19. Analysis of the Rolling Carpet Strategy to Eradicate an Invasive Species

Author: Luis Almeida, Alexis Léculier, Nicolas Vauchelet, Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions (LJLL (UMR_7598)), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Modelling and Analysis for Medical and Biological Applications (MAMBA), Inria de Paris, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions (LJLL (UMR_7598)), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire Analyse, Géométrie et Applications (LAGA), Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, European Project: 740623,H2020 Pilier ERC,ADORA(2017), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)
Subjects: Comparison principle, Population dynamics, comparison principle AMS subject classifications: 35K57, Applied Mathematics, Reaction-diusion equations, 35C07, 92D25, Computational Mathematics, Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs, Reaction-diffusion equations, FOS: Mathematics, [MATH.MATH-AP]Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP], comparison principle AMS subject classications: 35K57, AMS subject classifications: 35K57, 92D25, 35C07, Analysis, Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
Abstract: International audience; In order to prevent the propagation of human diseases transmitted by mosquitoes (such as dengue or zika), one possible solution is to act directly on the mosquito population. In this work, we consider an invasive species (the mosquitoes) and we study two strategies to eradicate the population in the whole space by a local intervention. The dynamics of the population is modeled through a bistable reaction diffusion equation in an one dimensional setting and both strategies are based on the same idea : we act on a moving interval. The action of the first strategy is to kill as many individuals as we can in this moving interval. The action of the second strategy is to release sterile males in this moving interval. For both strategies, we manage to generate traveling waves that propagate in the opposite direction relative to the one of the natural invasive traveling wave. These cases correspond to succeeding in eradicating the invasive species. Furthermore, for the first strategy, we fully characterize the minimal size of the interval. All the results are illustrated by numerical simulations.
Published: 2023
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20. ICE GENESIS: Synergetic Aircraft and Ground-Based Remote Sensing and In Situ Measurements of Snowfall Microphysical Properties

Author: Billault-Roux, Anne-Claire, Grazioli, Jacopo, Delanoë, Julien, Jorquera, Susana, Pauwels, Nicolas, Viltard, Nicolas, Martini, Audrey, Mariage, Vincent, Le Gac, Christophe, Caudoux, Christophe, Aubry, Clémantyne, Bertrand, Fabrice, Schwarzenboeck, Alfons, Jaffeux, Louis, Coutris, Pierre, Febvre, Guy, Pichon, Jean Marc, Dezitter, Fabien, Gehring, Josué, Untersee, Aude, Calas, Christophe, Figueras I Ventura, Jordi, Vie, Benoit, Peyrat, Adrien, Curat, Valentin, Rebouissoux, Simon, Berne, Alexis, Environmental Remote Sensing Laboratory [Lausanne], Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), SPACE - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DLR Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre (IPA), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Oberpfaffenhofen-Wessling] (DLR), Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Airbus Helicopters, Aeroport International de Marseille-Provence, Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, and Météo-France
Subjects: Snowfall, Atmospheric Science, Cloud microphysics, Precipitation, Radars/Radar observations, Remote sensing, [SDU.STU.ME]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Meteorology, Icing
Abstract: An international field experiment took place in the Swiss Jura in January 2021 as a milestone of the European ICE GENESIS project (www.ice-genesis.eu/), which aims to better measure, understand, and model the ice/snow particle properties and mechanisms responsible for icing of rotor-craft and aircraft. The field campaign was designed to collect observations of clouds and snowfall at a prescribed range of temperatures (−10° to +2°C). The suite of in situ and remote sensing instruments included airborne probes and imagers on board a SAFIRE ATR-42 aircraft, able to sample liquid and ice particles from the micron to the millimeter size range, as well as icing sensors and cameras. Two 95 GHz Doppler cloud radars were installed on the SAFIRE ATR-42, while six Doppler weather radars operating at frequencies ranging from 10 to 95 GHz (and one lidar) were ground based. An operational polarimetric weather radar in nearby France (Montancy) complements the coverage. Finally, observations of standard meteorological variables as well as high-resolution pictures of falling snowflakes from a multiangle snowflake camera were collected at the ground level. The campaign showed its full potential during five (multihourly) flights where precipitation was monitored from cloud to ground. The originality of this campaign resides in the targeted specific temperature range for snowfall and in the synchronization between the ground-based remote sensing and the aircraft trajectories designed to maximize the collection of in situ observations within the column above the radar systems.
Published: 2023
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21. Doped Graphene To Mimic the Bacterial NADH Oxidase for One-Step NAD+ Supplementation in Mammals

Author: Xi Liu, Jingkun Li, Andrea Zitolo, Meng Gao, Jun Jiang, Xiangtian Geng, Qianqian Xie, Di Wu, Huizhen Zheng, Xiaoming Cai, Jianmei Lu, Frédéric Jaouen, Ruibin Li, ABiMS - Informatique et bioinformatique = Analysis and Bioinformatics for Marine Science (ABIMS), Fédération de recherche de Roscoff (FR2424), Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier - Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux de Montpellier (ICGM), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM), Université de Montpellier (UM), Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Shandong Academy of Sciences (SDAS), Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nagoya University, and Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention
Subjects: Colloid and Surface Chemistry, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, General Chemistry, Biochemistry, Catalysis
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2023
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22. Revealing the Elusive Structure and Reactivity of Iron Boride α-FeB

Author: Fernando Igoa Saldaña, Emile Defoy, Daniel Janisch, Gwenaëlle Rousse, Pierre-Olivier Autran, Anissa Ghoridi, Amandine Séné, Marzena Baron, Leopoldo Suescun, Yann Le Godec, David Portehault, Novel Advanced Nano-Objects (LCMCP-NANO), Matériaux Hybrides et Nanomatériaux (LCMCP-MHN), Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (LCMCP), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (LCMCP), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Design et étude de nouveaux matériaux à propriété remarquables [IMPMC] (IMPMC_DEMARE), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Collège de France - Chaire Chimie du solide et énergie, Chimie du solide et de l'énergie (CSE), Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Réseau sur le stockage électrochimique de l'énergie (RS2E), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM), Université de Montpellier (UM), European Synchroton Radiation Facility [Grenoble] (ESRF), Laboratorio de Cristalografıa, Estado Solido y Materiales [UCUR] (Cryssmat-Lab), Universidad de la República [Montevideo] (UDELAR), and Doctoral School ED397ESRF proposal MA-5188
Subjects: Inorganic Chemistry, crystal structure, borides, intergrowth, in situ XRD, [CHIM.INOR]Chemical Sciences/Inorganic chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, FAULTS
Abstract: International audience; Crystal structures can strongly deviate from bulk states when confined into nanodomains. These deviations may deeply affect properties and reactivity and then call for a close examination. In this work, we address the case where extended crystal defects spread through a whole solid and then yield an aperiodic structure and specific reactivity. We focus on iron boride, α-FeB, whose structure has not been elucidated yet, thus hindering the understanding of its properties. We synthesize the two known phases, α-FeB and β-FeB, in molten salts at 600 and 1100 °C, respectively. The experimental X-ray diffraction (XRD) data cannot be satisfactorily accounted for by a periodic crystal structure. We then model the compound as a stochastic assembly of layers of two structure types. Refinement of the powder XRD pattern by considering the explicit scattering interference of the different layers allows quantitative evaluation of the size of these domains and of the stacking faults between them. We, therefore, demonstrate that α-FeB is an intergrowth of nanometer-thick slabs of two structure types, β-FeB and CrB-type structures, in similar proportions. We finally discuss the implications of this novel structure on the reactivity of the material and its ability to perform insertion reactions by comparing the reactivities of α-FeB and β-FeB as reagents in the synthesis of a model layered material: Fe2AlB2. Using synchrotron-based in situ X-ray diffraction, we elucidate the mechanisms of the formation of Fe2AlB2. We highlight the higher reactivity of the intergrowth α-FeB in agreement with structural relationships.
Published: 2023
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23. Mapping the Energy Landscape from a Nanocrystal-Based Field Effect Transistor under Operation Using Nanobeam Photoemission Spectroscopy

Author: Mariarosa Cavallo, Erwan Bossavit, Huichen Zhang, Corentin Dabard, Tung Huu Dang, Adrien Khalili, Claire Abadie, Rodolphe Alchaar, Dario Mastrippolito, Yoann Prado, Loïc Becerra, Michael Rosticher, Mathieu G. Silly, James K. Utterback, Sandrine Ithurria, José Avila, Debora Pierucci, Emmanuel Lhuillier, Physico-chimie et dynamique des surfaces (INSP-E6), Institut des Nanosciences de Paris (INSP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux (UMR 8213) (LPEM), Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), QUAD : Physique Quantique et Dispositifs, Laboratoire de physique de l'ENS - ENS Paris (LPENS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Département de Physique de l'ENS-PSL, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Département de Physique de l'ENS-PSL, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Dipartimento di Fisica [L'Aquila], Università degli Studi dell'Aquila = University of L'Aquila (UNIVAQ), Nanostructures et optique (INSP-E4), Acoustique pour les nanosciences (INSP-E3), ANR-19-CE24-0022,COPIN,Détecteur plasmonique à nanoCristaux colloïdaux: une nouvelle filière pour l'OPtoélectronique INfrarouge(2019), ANR-19-CE09-0017,FRONTAL,Nanocristaux Colloïdaux Dopés Infrarouges(2019), ANR-19-CE09-0026,GRaSkop,Tuning Giant Rashba Spin-Orbit Coupling in Polar Single Layer Transition Metal Dichalcogenides(2019), ANR-21-CE24-0012,BRIGHT,Diode électroluminescente infrarouge brillante par exaltation du couplage lumière-matière(2021), ANR-21-CE09-0029,MixDFerro,Heterostructures à dimensions mixtes sous contrôle ferroélectrique 2D(2021), ANR-22-CE09-0018,QuickTera,Nanocristaux de HgTe une nouvelle plateforme pour l'optoélectronique THz(2022), ANR-18-CE30-0023,IPER-Nano2,Nanocristaux de perovskite inorganique pour la nanophotonique(2018), and European Project: 756225,blackQD
Subjects: nanocrystals, energy landscape, Mechanical Engineering, field-effect transistor, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], General Materials Science, Bioengineering, General Chemistry, X-ray photoemission, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, Condensed Matter Physics
Abstract: International audience; As the field of nanocrystal-based optoelectronics matures, more advanced techniques must be developed in order to reveal the electronic structure of nanocrystals, particularly with devicerelevant conditions. So far, most of the efforts have been focused on optical spectroscopy, and electrochemistry where an absolute energy reference is required. Device optimization requires probing not only the pristine material but also the material in its actual environment (i.e., surrounded by a transport layer and an electrode, in the presence of an applied electric field). Here, we explored the use of photoemission microscopy as a strategy for operando investigation of NC-based devices. We demonstrate that the method can be applied to a variety of materials and device geometries. Finally, we show that it provides a direct access to the metal-semiconductor interface band bending as well as the distance over which the gate effect propagates in field-effect transistors.
Published: 2023
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24. Accelerating OCaml Programs on FPGA

Author: Loïc Sylvestre, Emmanuel Chailloux, Jocelyn Sérot, Sylvestre, Loïc, Algorithmes, Programmes et Résolution (APR), LIP6, Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pascal (IP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut national polytechnique Clermont Auvergne (INP Clermont Auvergne), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Image, système de perception, robotique (ISPR), and Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut national polytechnique Clermont Auvergne (INP Clermont Auvergne)
Subjects: Hardware acceleration, High-level parallel programming, OCaml, Compiling, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], [INFO] Computer Science [cs], Virtual machine, FPGA, Software, Information Systems, Theoretical Computer Science
Abstract: International audience; This paper aims to exploit the massive parallelism of Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) by programming them in OCaml, a multiparadigm and statically typed language. It first presents O2B, an implementation of the OCaml virtual machine using a softcore processor to run the entire OCaml language on an FPGA. It then introduces Macle, a language to express, in ML-style, hardware-accelerated user-defined functions, implemented as gates and registers on the same FPGA. Macle allows to implement pure computations and compose them in parallel. It also supports processing of dynamic data structures such as arrays, matrices and trees allocated by the OCaml runtime in the memory of the softcore processor. Macle functions can then be called, as hardware accelerators, by OCaml programs executed by O2B. This combination of Macle and OCaml codes in a single source program enables to easily prototype FPGA applications mixing numeric and symbolic computations.
Published: 2023
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25. Spin-down by dynamo action in simulated radiative stellar layers

Author: Ludovic Petitdemange, Florence Marcotte, Christophe Gissinger, Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique et Atmosphères = Laboratory for Studies of Radiation and Matter in Astrophysics and Atmospheres (LERMA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CY Cergy Paris Université (CY), Control, Analysis and Simulations for TOkamak Research (CASTOR), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Jean Alexandre Dieudonné (LJAD), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Laboratoire Jean Alexandre Dieudonné (LJAD), Physique Non-Linéaire, Laboratoire de physique de l'ENS - ENS Paris (LPENS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Département de Physique de l'ENS-PSL, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Département de Physique de l'ENS-PSL, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), ANR-19-ERC7-0008,DYNSEED,Graines minimales de dynamos célestes(2019), and ANR-19-CE30-0025,MagnetDrive,Transformations d'energies controlées par instabilités magnetohydrodynamiques - de l'astrophysique aux applications industrielles(2019)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-FLU-DYN]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Fluid Dynamics [physics.flu-dyn], Multidisciplinary, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, [PHYS.ASTR.SR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR], Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
Abstract: International audience; The evolution of a star is influenced by its internal rotation dynamics through transport and mixing mechanisms, which are poorly understood. Magnetic fields can play a role in transporting angular momentum and chemical elements, but the origin of magnetism in radiative stellar layers is unclear. Using global numerical simulations, we identify a subcritical transition from laminar flow to turbulence caused by the generation of a magnetic dynamo. Our results have many properties of the theoretically proposed Tayler-Spruit dynamo mechanism, which strongly enhances transport of angular momentum in radiative zones. The dynamo generates deep toroidal fields that are screened by the stellar outer layers. This mechanism could produce strong magnetic fields inside radiative stars without an observable field on their surface.
Published: 2023
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26. Diffusive Dynamics of Bacterial Proteome as a Proxy of Cell Death

Author: Daniele Di Bari, Stepan Timr, Marianne Guiral, Marie-Thérèse Giudici-Orticoni, Tilo Seydel, Christian Beck, Caterina Petrillo, Philippe Derreumaux, Simone Melchionna, Fabio Sterpone, Judith Peters, Alessandro Paciaroni, Laboratoire de biochimie théorique [Paris] (LBT (UPR_9080)), Institut de biologie physico-chimique (IBPC (FR_550)), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines (BIP ), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL), Laboratoire de Géodynamique des Chaines Alpines (LGCA), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), physics, Università degli Studi di Perugia = University of Perugia (UNIPG), Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Instituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici [Roma] (IPCF), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique [Saint Martin d’Hères] (LIPhy ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), and Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.)
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], General Chemical Engineering, General Chemistry
Abstract: International audience; Temperature variations have a big impact on bacterial metabolism and death, yet an exhaustive molecular picture of these processes is still missing. For instance, whether thermal death is determined by the deterioration of the whole or a specific part of the proteome is hotly debated. Here, by monitoring the proteome dynamics of E. coli, we clearly show that only a minor fraction of the proteome unfolds at the cell death. First, we prove that the dynamical state of the E. coli proteome is an excellent proxy for temperature-dependent bacterial metabolism and death. The proteome diffusive dynamics peaks at about the bacterial optimal growth temperature, then a dramatic dynamical slowdown is observed that starts just below the cell’s death temperature. Next, we show that this slowdown is caused by the unfolding of just a small fraction of proteins that establish an entangling interprotein network, dominated by hydrophobic interactions, across the cytoplasm. Finally, the deduced progress of the proteome unfolding and its diffusive dynamics are both key to correctly reproduce the E. coli growth rate.
Published: 2023
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27. Assembly and synthesis of the extracellular matrix in brown algae

Author: Mazéas, Lisa, Yonamine, Rina, Barbeyron, Tristan, Henrissat, Bernard, Drula, Elodie, Terrapon, Nicolas, Nagasato, Chikako, Hervé, Cécile, Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrative des Modèles Marins (LBI2M), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Architecture et fonction des macromolécules biologiques (AFMB), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques (BBF), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and ANR-20-CE44-0011,BrownSugar,Biosynthèse des polysaccharides de paroi chez les algues brunes : criblage d'activités glycosyl transférases(2020)
Subjects: Genome, Alginates, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Brown algae, Glycosyltransferases, Extracellular matrix, Cell Biology, Phaeophyta, Extracellular Matrix, Fucans, Polysaccharides, Sulfotransferases, Developmental Biology
Abstract: International audience; In brown algae, the extracellular matrix (ECM) and its constitutive polymers play crucial roles in specialized functions, including algal growth and development. In this review we offer an integrative view of ECM construction in brown algae. We briefly report the chemical composition of its main constituents, and how these are interlinked in a structural model. We examine the ECM assembly at the tissue and cell level, with consideration on its structure in vivo and on the putative subcellular sites for the synthesis of its main constituents. We further discuss the biosynthetic pathways of two major polysaccharides, alginates and sulfated fucans, and the progress made beyond the candidate genes with the biochemical validation of encoded proteins. Key enzymes involved in the elongation of the glycan chains are still unknown and predictions have been made at the gene level. Here, we offer a re-examination of some glycosyltransferases and sulfotransferases from published genomes. Overall, our analysis suggests novel investigations to be performed at both the cellular and biochemical levels. First, to depict the location of polysaccharide structures in tissues. Secondly, to identify putative actors in the ECM synthesis to be functionally studied in the future.
Published: 2023
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28. Vibrotactile Thresholds on the Wrist for Vibrations Normal to the Skin

Author: Quentin Consigny, Nathan Ouvrai, Arthur Paté, Claudia Fritz, Jean-Loïc Le Carrou, Lutheries - Acoustique - Musique (IJLRDA-LAM), Institut Jean Le Rond d'Alembert (DALEMBERT), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Acoustique - IEMN (ACOUSTIQUE - IEMN), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Music Acoustics / School of Physics (MUSIC ACOUSTICS), University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), This work was funded by a grant from the French National Research Agency (ANR) as part of the 'Staccato' Project (ANR–19–CE38–0008–01)., and ANR-19-CE38-0008,STACCATO,Médiation vibrotactile pour la pratique musicale partagée(2019)
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], Human-Computer Interaction, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Sensitivity, Frequency measurement, Particle measurements, Vibrations, Wrist, Atmospheric measurements, Skin, Computer Science Applications
Abstract: International audience; In order to facilitate the development of wrist-worn vibrotactile devices, detailed knowledge about how vibrations are perceived by the users is needed. In particular, perceptual thresholds in amplitude are really important. Thresholds have been measured in the literature for other areas of the body, but given the variability reported between areas (shape of the threshold curve, position of maximum sensitivity), thresholds on the wrist can not be inferred from previous measurements and must be measured. The amplitude thresholds for vibrations normal to the skin surface were evaluated on 28 participants, with a three interval forced choice method. They were measured for 7 frequencies that are classical in the literature about vibrotactile perception (25, 40, 80, 160, 250, 320, and 640 Hz). The classical U-shape of the amplitude-threshold curve is observed, with a maximum sensitivity at around 160 Hz, which differs from other body areas, but confirms recent results obtained for vibrations parallel to the skin surface of the same body area. The sensitivity thresholds of vibrotactile signals appear to be in the micrometer range.
Published: 2023
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29. Investigating the risk of non-indigenous species introduction through ship hulls in Chile

Author: Pinochet, Javier, Brante, Antonio, Daguin-Thiébaut, Claire, Tellier, Florence, Viard, Frédérique, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción (UCSC), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (ADMM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), and Travels and stay of JP, CDT and FV in Chile and France, and part of the molecular experiments,were supported by the Sorbonne Université grant (Idex SUPER, Bourse de Mobilité Internationale2014–2015), the International Research Network 'Diversity, Evolution and Biotechnology ofMarine Algae' (GDRI No. 0803) and fellowships from the UCSC (Postgraduate, InstitutionalRelations, and Research and Innovation Directorates). JP was funded by the Magíster enEcología Marina from the UCSC, and AB by the CONICYT, FONDECYT/Regular 1130868project.
Subjects: maritime traffic, [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Ecology, biofouling, molecular barcoding, survey, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, experimental study, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, invasive species
Abstract: International audience; Ship hull fouling is recognized as an important vector for the introduction of nonindigenous species (NIS), which has been studied globally but no empirical works exist in the Southeast Pacific. The present study examined fouling organisms on the hulls of three ships in one international Chilean port, and compared them with those on settling plates and natural substrates. Also, genetic analyses were perfomed on the most common NIS recorded in order to explore number and potential origin of the genetic linages found. The highest number of total taxa and NIS were found on ship hulls, with three species identified as NIS in ship samplings. Settling plates displayed the largest number of taxa, with a large abundance of the invasive tunicate Ciona robusta, which also showed high mitochondrial genetic diversity. This study showed that Chilean coasts are subjected to both NIS colonization and propagule pressure through ship hulls. Biosecurity measures should urgently be taken on ship hulls along these coasts.
Published: 2023
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30. Epitaxial growth and structural properties of silicene and other 2D allotropes of Si

Author: Laurence Masson, Geoffroy Prévot, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Nanosciences de Paris (INSP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physico-chimie et dynamique des surfaces (INSP-E6), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], General Engineering, General Materials Science, Bioengineering, General Chemistry, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Abstract: International audience; Since the breakthrough of graphene, considerable efforts have been made to search for two-dimensional (2D) materials composed of other group 14 elements, in particular silicon and germanium, due to their valence electronic configuration similar to that of carbon and their widespread use in the semiconductor industry. Silicene, the silicon counterpart of graphene, has been particularly studied, both theoretically and experimentally. Theoretical studies were the first to predict a low-buckled honeycomb structure for free-standing silicene possessing most of the outstanding electronic properties of graphene. From an experimental point of view, as no layered structure analogous to graphite exists for silicon, the synthesis of silicene requires the development of alternative methods to exfoliation. Epitaxial growth of silicon on various substrates has been widely exploited in attempts to form 2D Si honeycomb structures. In this article, we provide a comprehensive state-of-the-art review focusing on the different epitaxial systems reported in the literature, some of which having generated controversy and long debates. In the search for the synthesis of 2D Si honeycomb structures, other 2D allotropes of Si have been discovered and will also be presented in this review. Finally, with a view to applications, we discuss the reactivity and air-stability of silicene as well as the strategy devised to decouple epitaxial silicene from the underlying surface and its transfer to a target substrate.
Published: 2023
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31. Optimal self-stabilizing mobile byzantine-tolerant regular register with bounded timestamps

Author: Bonomi, Silvia, del Pozzo, Antonella, Potop-Butucaru, Maria, Tixeuil, Sébastien, Dipartimento di Ingegneria informatica automatica e gestionale [Roma] (DIAG UNIROMA), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), Département Ingénierie Logiciels et Systèmes (DILS), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Networks and Performance Analysis (NPA), LIP6, Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratory of Information, Network and Communication Sciences (LINCS), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), and ANR-16-CE25-0009,ESTATE,Auto-stabilisation et amélioration de la sûreté dans les environnements distribués évoluant dans le temps(2016)
Subjects: [INFO.INFO-CC]Computer Science [cs]/Computational Complexity [cs.CC], Bounded timestamps, Mobile byzantine failure, Self stabilization, Shared register, [INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], General Computer Science, [INFO.INFO-DS]Computer Science [cs]/Data Structures and Algorithms [cs.DS], [INFO.INFO-DC]Computer Science [cs]/Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing [cs.DC], Theoretical Computer Science
Abstract: International audience; This paper proposes the first implementation of a self-stabilizing regular register emulated by n servers that is tolerant to both Mobile Byzantine Agents and transient failures in a round-free synchronous model. Differently from existing Mobile Byzantine Tolerant register implementations, this paper considers a weaker model where: (i) the computation of the servers is decoupled from the movements of the Byzantine agents, i.e., movements may happen before, concurrently, or after the generation or the delivery of a message, and (ii) servers are not aware of their failure state i.e., they do not know if and when they have been corrupted by a Mobile Byzantine agent. The proposed protocol tolerates (i) any finite number of transient failures, and (ii) up to f Mobile Byzantine agents. In addition, our implementation uses bounded timestamps from the domain and it is optimal with respect to the number of servers needed to tolerate f Mobile Byzantine agents in the given model (i.e., when , and when , where Δ represents the period at which the Byzantine agents move and δ is the upper bound on the communication latency).
Published: 2023
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32. Steering self-organisation through confinement

Author: Araújo, Nuno A.M., Janssen, Liesbeth M.C., Barois, Thomas, Boffetta, Guido, Cohen, Itai, Corbetta, Alessandro, Dauchot, Olivier, Dijkstra, Marjolein, Durham, William M., Dussutour, Audrey, Garnier, Simon, Gelderblom, Hanneke, Golestanian, Ramin, Isa, Lucio, Koenderink, Gijsje H., Löwen, Hartmut, Metzler, Ralf, Polin, Marco, Royall, C. Patrick, Šarić, Anđela, Sengupta, Anupam, Sykes, Cécile, Trianni, Vito, Tuval, Idan, Vogel, Nicolas, Yeomans, Julia M., Zuriguel, Iker, Marin, Alvaro, Volpe, Giorgio, Sub Soft Condensed Matter, Soft Condensed Matter and Biophysics, Sub Soft Condensed Matter, Soft Condensed Matter and Biophysics, MESA+ Institute, Physics of Fluids, Universidade de Lisboa, Eindhoven University of Technology [Eindhoven] (TU/e), Laboratoire Ondes et Matière d'Aquitaine (LOMA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), Cornell University [New York], Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics [Ithaca] (LASSP), Gulliver (UMR 7083), Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Utrecht University [Utrecht], University of Sheffield [Sheffield], Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale - UMR5169 (CRCA), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT), New Jersey Institute of Technology [Newark] (NJIT), Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization (MPIDS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, University of Oxford, Department of Materials [ETH Zürich] (D-MATL), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Kavli Institute of Nanosciences [Delft] (KI-NANO), Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf = Heinrich Heine University [Düsseldorf], University of Potsdam = Universität Potsdam, Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avancats (IMEDEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB), Institute of Science and Technology [Klosterneuburg, Austria] (IST Austria), University of Luxembourg [Luxembourg], Matière Cellulaire Active, Laboratoire de physique de l'ENS - ENS Paris (LPENS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Département de Physique de l'ENS-PSL, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Département de Physique de l'ENS-PSL, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, National Research Council of Italy (CNR) (ISTC), Universidad de Navarra [Pamplona] (UNAV), University of Twente, Department of Chemistry [University College of London], University College of London [London] (UCL), ANR-18-CE33-0006,MSR,Machines Morpho-fonctionelles en Essaim(2018), ANR-14-CE09-0006,Actin2Nucleus,Connexion mécanique entre le cytosquelette d'actine et le noyau(2014), ANR-12-BSV5-0014,Contract,Nouveaux systèmes biomimétiques pour étudier la contractilité acto-myosine cellulaire(2012), European Project: 884902,SoftML, European Project: 802960,NEPA, European Project: 955910,PHYMOT, and European Project: 678573,H2020,ERC-2015-STG,NanoPacks(2016)
Subjects: Pattern-formation, Physics - Physics and Society, Chemistry(all), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-BIO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Biological Physics [physics.bio-ph], Collective behavior, FOS: Physical sciences, Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph), General Chemistry, Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, Condensed Matter Physics, Nonlinear Sciences - Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems, Particles, Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph), Information, Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft), Physics - Biological Physics, [PHYS.COND.CM-SCM]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Soft Condensed Matter [cond-mat.soft], Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
Abstract: Self-organisation is the spontaneous emergence of spatio-temporal structures and patterns from the interaction of smaller individual units. Examples are found across many scales in very different systems and scientific disciplines, from physics, materials science and robotics to biology, geophysics andastronomy. Recent research has highlighted how self-organisation can be both mediated and controlled by confinement. Confinement is an action over a system that limits its units’ translational and rotational degrees of freedom, thus also influencing the system’s phase space probability density; it can functionas either a catalyst or inhibitor of self-organisation. Confinement can then become a means to actively steer the emergence or suppression of collective phenomena in space and time. Here, to provide a common framework and perspective for future research, we examine the role of confinement in the self-organisation of soft-matter systems and identify overarching scientific challenges that need to be addressed to harness its full scientific and technological potential in soft matter and related fields.By drawing analogies with other disciplines, this framework will accelerate a common deeper understanding of self-organisation and trigger the development of innovative strategies to steer it using confinement, with impact on, e.g., the design of smarter materials, tissue engineering for biomedicineand in guiding active matter.
Published: 2023
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33. Migration pulsedness alters patterns of allele fixation and local adaptation in a mainland-island model

Author: Aubree, Flora, Lac, Baptiste, Mailleret, Ludovic, Calcagno, Vincent, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Biological control of artificial ecosystems (BIOCORE), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), ANR-15-IDEX-0001,UCA JEDI,Idex UCA JEDI(2015), and ANR-20-CE02-0019,MUSCADO,Les multiples niveaux de convergence évolutive chez les ravageurs du genre Ostrinia(2020)
Subjects: [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], temporally variable migration, Genetics, effective migration rate, selection, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, migration load, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, geneflow
Abstract: Correction to: Migration pulsedness alters patterns of allele fixation and local adaptation in a mainland-island model. [No authors listed] Evolution. 2023 Feb 16:qpad026. doi: 10.1093/evolut/qpad026. Online ahead of print. PMID: 36795371 No abstract available.; International audience; Abstract Geneflow across populations is a critical determinant of population genetic structure, divergence, and local adaptation. While evolutionary theory typically envisions geneflow as a continuous connection among populations, many processes make it fluctuating and intermittent. We analyze a mainland-island model where migration occurs as recurrent “pulses.” We derive mathematical predictions regarding how the level of migration pulsedness affects the effective migration rate, for neutral and selected mainland alleles. We find that migration pulsedness can either decrease or increase geneflow, depending on the selection regime. Pulsedness increases geneflow for sufficiently (counter)selected alleles (s
Published: 2022
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34. Pour une relecture du palimpseste de Strabon

Author: Didier Marcotte, Pascal Cotte, Aude Cohen-Skalli, Textes et documents de la Méditerranée antique et médiévale (Centre Paul-Albert Février) (TDMAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Palingenesis, Équipe Médecine grecque et littérature technique (OM-MG), ORIENT ET MÉDITERRANÉE : Textes, Archéologie, Histoire (OM), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)
Subjects: Geography, Strabon, Palimpsest, François Lasserre, Numérisation multispectrale, Multispectral scanning, Wolfgang Aly, palimpsest -Strabon -Geography -multispectral scanning -François Lasserre -Wolfgang Aly, Géographie, Palimpseste, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: International audience; This article presents the method and results of a new multispectral imaging process, developed by Lumiere Technology, to facilitate easier and more complete reading of palimpsest manuscripts. To demonstrate the advantages of this technique, the team used the oldest surviving manuscript of Strabo, copied at the end of the fifth century and provenant from the Abbey of Grottaferrata, most of the folios of which are now preserved in the Vatican Library (Vat. gr. 2061. pt. A, Vat. gr. 2306). The importance of this manuscript for the establishment of Strabo's text is briefly explained, as is the history of transcriptions made from these folios by Wolfgang Aly and François Lasserre during the twentieth century.
Published: 2022
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35. Annotation and Analysis of Recorded Piano Performances on the Web

Author: Lawrence Fyfe, Daniel Bedoya, Elaine Chew, Sciences et Technologies de la Musique et du Son (STMS), Institut de Recherche et Coordination Acoustique/Musique (IRCAM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Représentations musicales (Repmus), Institut de Recherche et Coordination Acoustique/Musique (IRCAM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche et Coordination Acoustique/Musique (IRCAM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Engineering (KCL), King‘s College London, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences (BMEIS), King's College London (KCL), and European Project: 788960,ERC ADG COSMOS
Subjects: ACM: H.: Information Systems/H.5: INFORMATION INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION (e.g., HCI)/H.5.5: Sound and Music Computing, [SHS.MUSIQ]Humanities and Social Sciences/Musicology and performing arts, ACM: H.: Information Systems/H.5: INFORMATION INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION (e.g., HCI)/H.5.2: User Interfaces, General Engineering, [INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC], [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, Music
Abstract: International audience; Advancing knowledge and understanding about performed music is hampered by a lack of annotation data for music expressivity. To enable large-scale collection of annotations and explorations of performed music, the authors have created a workflow that is enabled by CosmoNote, a Web-based citizen science tool for annotating musical structures created by the performer and experienced by the listener during expressive piano performances. To enable annotation tasks with CosmoNote, annotators can listen to the recorded performances and view synchronized music visualization layers including the audio waveform, recorded notes, extracted audio features such as loudness and tempo, and score features such as harmonic tension. Annotators have the ability to zoom into specific parts of a performance and see visuals and listen to the audio from just that part. The annotation of performed musical structures is done by using boundaries of varying strengths, regions, comments, and note groups. By analyzing the annotations collected with CosmoNote, performance decisions will be able to be modeled and analyzed in order to aid in the understanding of expressive choices in musical performances and discover the vocabulary of performed musical structures.
Published: 2022
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36. Dual Thermo- and pH-Responsive N-Cyanomethylacrylamide-Based Nano-Objects Prepared by RAFT-Mediated Aqueous Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly

Author: Nicolas Audureau, Fanny Coumes, Jean-Michel Guigner, Clément Guibert, François Stoffelbach, Jutta Rieger, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), Chimie Moléculaire de Paris Centre (FR 2769), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface (LRS), and Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Inorganic Chemistry, vesicles, RAFT polymerization, Polymers and Plastics, Organic Chemistry, PISA, Materials Chemistry, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences
Abstract: International audience; We report the straightforward synthesis of dual stimuli-responsive nano-objects using a RAFT-mediated polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) process in water. The key to complex and tunable responsiveness was the copolymerization of N-cyanomethylacrylamide, providing UCST-type polymers, with a pH-sensitive monomer (acrylic acid, AA). Not only the core block length, but also the acrylic acid content and slight changes in the degree of ionization of AA (αAA,0) in the polymerization medium had a great impact on the particle morphology. Generally, higher AA contents favored the formation of spherical nano-objects, while low αAA,0 led to higher order morphologies. We demonstrated that the nano-objects exhibited a complex dual responsiveness to changes in the degree of ionization and temperature. Progressively increasing post-polymerization the degree of ionization of the AA units incorporated in the copolymer (αAA) triggered morphological transitions. Remarkably, a single copolymer composition formed well-defined vesicles, worms, and spheres that eventually dissociated into individual chains. Temperature-dependent SAXS analyses evidenced a complex thermo-responsive behavior, which depended on the copolymer composition and αAA. For some compositions, we observed both a cloud and a clearing point, attributed to the formation of secondary aggregates and chain dissolution, respectively.
Published: 2022
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37. Material Perspective on HgTe Nanocrystal-Based Short-Wave Infrared Focal Plane Arrays

Author: Huichen Zhang, Rodolphe Alchaar, Yoann Prado, Adrien Khalili, Charlie Gréboval, Mariarosa Cavallo, Erwan Bossavit, Corentin Dabard, Tung Huu Dang, Claire Abadie, Christophe Methivier, David Darson, Victor Parahyba, Pierre Potet, Julien Ramade, Mathieu G. Silly, James K. Utterback, Debora Pierucci, Sandrine Ithurria, Emmanuel Lhuillier, Physico-chimie et dynamique des surfaces (INSP-E6), Institut des Nanosciences de Paris (INSP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nanostructures et optique (INSP-E4), Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface (LRS), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de physique de l'ENS - ENS Paris (LPENS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Département de Physique de l'ENS-PSL, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), New Imaging Technologies (NIT), Institut Pprime (PPRIME), Université de Poitiers-ENSMA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N), Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux (UMR 8213) (LPEM), Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-19-CE24-0022,COPIN,Détecteur plasmonique à nanoCristaux colloïdaux: une nouvelle filière pour l'OPtoélectronique INfrarouge(2019), ANR-20-ASTR-0008,NITquantum,Design et fabrication d'un plan focal dans le proche infrarouge à base de nanocrisrtaux(2020), ANR-19-CE09-0017,FRONTAL,Nanocristaux Colloïdaux Dopés Infrarouges(2019), ANR-21-CE09-0029,MixDFerro,Heterostructures à dimensions mixtes sous contrôle ferroélectrique 2D(2021), ANR-19-CE09-0026,GRaSkop,Tuning Giant Rashba Spin-Orbit Coupling in Polar Single Layer Transition Metal Dichalcogenides(2019), ANR-21-CE24-0012,BRIGHT,Diode électroluminescente infrarouge brillante par exaltation du couplage lumière-matière(2021), and European Project: 756225,blackQD
Subjects: nanocrystal, imager, General Chemical Engineering, infrared, aging, Materials Chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, General Chemistry, HgTe
Abstract: International audience; After the use of nanocrystals as light down-converters, infrared sensing appears to be one of the first market applications where they can be used while being both electrically and optically active. Over recent years, tremendous progress has been achieved, leading to an apparent rise in the technological readiness level (TRL). So far, the efforts have been focused on PbS nanocrystals for operation in the near-infrared. Here, we focus on HgTe since its narrower band gap offers more flexibility to explore the extended shortwave and mid-wave infrared. We report a photoconductive strategy fort the design of short wave infrared focal plane array with enhanced image quality. An important aspect often swept under the rug at an early stage is the material stability. It appears that HgTe remains mostly unaffected by oxidation under air operation. The evaporation of Hg, a potentially dramatic aging process, only occurs at temperatures far beyond the focal plane array's standard working temperature. The main bottleneck appears to be the particle sintering resulting from joule heating of focal plane array. This suggests that a cooling system is required, with a first role of preventing the material from sintering even before targeting dark current reduction.
Published: 2022
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38. In Situ Synthesis of a Mesoporous MIL-100(Fe) Bacteria Exoskeleton

Author: Anastasia Permyakova, Alshaba Kakar, Jonathan Bachir, Effrosyni Gkaniatsou, Bernard Haye, Nicolas Menguy, Farid Nouar, Christian Serre, Nathalie Steunou, Thibaud Coradin, Francisco M. Fernandes, Clémence Sicard, Institut Lavoisier de Versailles (ILV), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Matériaux et Biologie (LCMCP-MATBIO), Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (LCMCP), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Matériaux Poreux de Paris (IMAP ), Département de Chimie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-19-CE08-0023,EMERGE,Conception de matériaux bio-hybrides associant entités biologiques et Metal-Organic Frameworks pour des applications environnementales(2019), and ANR-17-CE08-0009,CellsInFoams,Mousses macroporeuses cœur-coquille pour l'encapsulation de bactéries(2017)
Subjects: Synthesised, Two-component, Bacteria, Pseudomonas putida, General Chemical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Membrane integrity, Mesoporous, MIL-100, In-situ synthesis, Aqueous media, Exoskeleton (Robotics), Polycarboxylates, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, General Materials Science, Cytology, Condition
Abstract: International audience; The mesoporous iron polycarboxylate MIL-100(Fe) was synthesized in the presence of Pseudomonas putida bacteria. The synthesis was performed under green conditions, i.e., pure aqueous media at 30 °C that were compatible with the preservation of the cell membrane integrity. Interestingly, the resulting biohybrid exhibited a very different microstructure than a physical mixture of the two components, as it led to the formation of a novel living material featuring an exoskeleton encapsulating individual bacteria cell. Remarkably, TEM and STEM observations on cross sections revealed that this shell was not directly in contact with the cell wall, suggesting the exopolysaccharides network promotes strong interactions with the MOF precursors, leading to high proximity between the two components.
Published: 2022
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39. Disease Progression Score Estimation From Multimodal Imaging and MicroRNA Data Using Supervised Variational Autoencoders

Author: Virgilio Kmetzsch, Emmanuelle Becker, Dario Saracino, Daisy Rinaldi, Agnes Camuzat, Isabelle Le Ber, Olivier Colliot, Algorithms, models and methods for images and signals of the human brain (ARAMIS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Inria de Paris, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut du Cerveau = Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut du Cerveau = Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dynamics, Logics and Inference for biological Systems and Sequences (Dyliss), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-GESTION DES DONNÉES ET DE LA CONNAISSANCE (IRISA-D7), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), The research leading to these results has received funding from the French government under management of Agence Nationale de la Recherche, references ANR-19-P3IA-0001 (PRAIRIE 3IA Institute), ANR-10-IAIHU-06, project PREV-DEMALS (grant number ANR-14-CE15-0016-07), and from the Inria Project Lab Program (project Neuromarkers)., ANR-19-P3IA-0001,PRAIRIE,PaRis Artificial Intelligence Research InstitutE(2019), ANR-14-CE15-0016,PREV-DEMALS,Prédire pour prévenir les démences frontotemporales (DFT) et la sclérose latérale amyotrophique (SLA)(2014), Colliot, Olivier, PaRis Artificial Intelligence Research InstitutE - - PRAIRIE2019 - ANR-19-P3IA-0001 - P3IA - VALID, and Appel à projets générique - Prédire pour prévenir les démences frontotemporales (DFT) et la sclérose latérale amyotrophique (SLA) - - PREV-DEMALS2014 - ANR-14-CE15-0016 - Appel à projets générique - VALID
Subjects: [SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, [SDV.NEU.NB] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, [INFO.INFO-IM] Computer Science [cs]/Medical Imaging, [INFO.INFO-CV]Computer Science [cs]/Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition [cs.CV], Deep learning, MicroRNA, Neuroimaging, Health Informatics, Variational autoencoder, Neurodegenerative disease, Disease progression score, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], Computer Science Applications, [INFO.INFO-CV] Computer Science [cs]/Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition [cs.CV], [SDV.IB.IMA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, Multimodal data, [INFO.INFO-TI] Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV], Health Information Management, [INFO.INFO-TI]Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV], [INFO.INFO-IM]Computer Science [cs]/Medical Imaging, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, [SPI.SIGNAL] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing
Abstract: International audience; Frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are rare neurodegenerative diseases with no effective treatment. The development of biomarkers allowing an accurate assessment of disease progression is crucial for evaluating new therapies. Concretely, neuroimaging and transcriptomic (microRNA) data have been shown useful in tracking their progression. However, no single biomarker can accurately measure progression in these complex diseases. Additionally, large samples are not available for such rare disorders. It is thus essential to develop methods that can model disease progression by combining multiple biomarkers from small samples. In this paper, we propose a new framework for computing a disease progression score (DPS) from cross-sectional multimodal data. Specifically, we introduce a supervised multimodal variational autoencoder that can infer a meaningful latent space, where latent representations are placed along a disease trajectory. A score is computed by orthogonal projections onto this path. We evaluate our framework with multiple synthetic datasets and with a real dataset containing 14 patients, 40 presymptomatic genetic mutation carriers and 37 controls from the PREV-DEMALS study. There is no ground truth for the DPS in real-world scenarios, therefore we use the area under the ROC curve (AUC) as a proxy metric. Results with the synthetic datasets support this choice, since the higher the AUC, the more accurate the predicted simulated DPS. Experiments with the real dataset demonstrate better performance in comparison with stateof-the-art approaches. The proposed framework thus leverages cross-sectional multimodal datasets with small sample sizes to objectively measure disease progression, with potential application in clinical trials.
Published: 2022
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40. System-to-User and User-to-System Adaptations in Binaural Audio

Author: Lorenzo Picinali, Brian F. G. Katz, Imperial College London, Lutheries - Acoustique - Musique (IJLRDA-LAM), Institut Jean Le Rond d'Alembert (DALEMBERT), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Project: 101017743,SONICOM, Geronazzo, M, and Serafin, S
Subjects: [PHYS.MECA.ACOU]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph]
Abstract: This chapter concerns concepts of adaption in a binaural audio context (i.e. headphone-based three-dimensional audio rendering and associated spatial hearing aspects), considering first the adaptation of the rendering system to the acoustic and perceptual properties of the user, and second the adaptation of the user to the rendering quality of the system. We start with an overview of the basic mechanisms of human sound source localisation, introducing expressions such as localisation cues and interaural differences, and the concept of the Head-Related Transfer Function (HRTF), which is the basis of most 3D spatialisation systems in VR. The chapter then moves to more complex concepts and processes, such as HRTF selection (system-to-user adaptation) and HRTF accommodation (user-to-system adaptation). State-of-the-art HRTF modelling and selection methods are presented, looking at various approaches and at how these have been evaluated. Similarly, the process of HRTF accommodation is detailed, with a case study employed as an example. Finally, the potential of these two approaches are discussed, considering their combined use in a practical context, as well as introducing a few open challenges for future research.
Published: 2023
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41. Diversifying top-k Answers in a Query by Example Setting

Author: Smits, Grégory, Lesot, Marie-Jeanne, Pivert, Olivier, Reformat, Marek, Département Informatique (IMT Atlantique - INFO), IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance (Lab-STICC), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Equipe MOTEL (Lab-STICC_MOTEL), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Learning, Fuzzy and Intelligent systems (LFI), LIP6, Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), and University of Alberta
Subjects: diversified top-k answers, [INFO.INFO-DB]Computer Science [cs]/Databases [cs.DB], Querying by example
Abstract: International audience; For a given data base T and a user query Q, the top-k answers are the k tuples from T that best match Q. The integration of a diversity constraint aims at avoiding returning redundant tuples, that are too similar one to another. This paper addresses the diversification question in the Query By Example setting, especially for approaches that can deal with possibly very different representative examples provided by the user. It proposes a new definition for diversity that depends on the query, in order to guarantee that the result set illustrates the diversity of the representative examples provided by the user, covering all components of the query. The paper proposes a numerical measure to assess diversity in that sense, an algorithm to identify such a diversified top-k set, optimising both the query satisfaction and the diversity measure, as well as its integration into a flexible querying approach.
Published: 2023

42. The Essential Role of Westerly Wind Bursts in ENSO Dynamics and Extreme Events Quantified in Model 'Wind Stress Shaving' Experiments

Author: Sungduk Yu, Alexey V. Fedorov, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Kobe], Kobe University, Océan et variabilité du climat (VARCLIM), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and ANR-18-MPGA-0001,ARCHANGE,Changement climatique et Arctique et circulation océanique globale(2018)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]
Abstract: Westerly wind bursts (WWBs)—brief but strong westerly wind anomalies in the equatorial Pacific—are believed to play an important role in El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) dynamics, but quantifying their effects is challenging. Here, we investigate the cumulative effects of WWBs on ENSO characteristics, including the occurrence of extreme El Niño events, via modified coupled model experiments within Community Earth System Model (CESM1) in which we progressively reduce the impacts of wind stress anomalies associated with model-generated WWBs. In these “wind stress shaving” experiments we limit momentum transfer from the atmosphere to the ocean above a preset threshold, thus “shaving off” wind bursts. To reduce the tropical Pacific mean state drift, both westerly and easterly wind bursts are removed, although the changes are dominated by WWB reduction. As we impose progressively stronger thresholds, both ENSO amplitude and the frequency of extreme El Niño decrease, and ENSO becomes less asymmetric. The warming center of El Niño shifts westward, indicating less frequent and weaker eastern Pacific (EP) El Niño events. Removing most wind burst–related wind stress anomalies reduces ENSO mean amplitude by 22%. The essential role of WWBs in the development of extreme El Niño events is highlighted by the suppressed eastward migration of the western Pacific warm pool and hence a weaker Bjerknes feedback under wind shaving. Overall, our results reaffirm the importance of WWBs in shaping the characteristics of ENSO and its extreme events and imply that WWB changes with global warming could influence future ENSO.
Published: 2022
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43. Solvothermal Synthesis, Temperature-Dependent Structural Study, and Magnetic Characterization of a Multipolydentate Oxamate-Based 2D Coordination Network

Author: Ang Li, Lise-Marie Chamoreau, Benoît Baptiste, Ludovic Delbes, Yanling Li, Francesc Lloret, Yves Journaux, Laurent Lisnard, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), Chimie Moléculaire de Paris Centre (FR 2769), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Equipe de Recherche en Matériaux Moléculaires et Spectroscopies (ERMMES), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Chimie Moléculaire de Paris Centre (FR 2769), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), and Universitat de València (UV)
Subjects: [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, [CHIM.COOR]Chemical Sciences/Coordination chemistry, General Materials Science, General Chemistry, [CHIM.INOR]Chemical Sciences/Inorganic chemistry, Condensed Matter Physics
Abstract: International audience; A multi-polydentate N-substituted oxamate ligand bearing an additional carboxylato group has been successfully reacted in solvothermal conditions to form the 2D coordination network (TMA) 3 [CuMn(paba) 2 (OAc)]•8H 2 O (1). This coordination network displays a brick-wall type morphology with, thanks to the augmented connectivity of the ligand, a lower than usual metal ion nuclearity for the building sub-unit. Temperature-dependent structural studies indicate that the layered structure undergoes dehydration at 90°C and remain stable up to 200°C. Magnetic characterizations show that 1 behaves as a ferrimagnet, with a Curie temperature of 2.8 K.
Published: 2022
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44. Unlocking cell chemistry evolution with operando fibre optic infrared spectroscopy in commercial Na(Li)-ion batteries

Author: C. Gervillié-Mouravieff, C. Boussard-Plédel, Jiaqiang Huang, C. Leau, L. Albero Blanquer, M. Ben Yahia, M.-L. Doublet, S. T. Boles, X. H. Zhang, J. L. Adam, J.-M. Tarascon, Chimie du solide et de l'énergie (CSE), Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Réseau sur le stockage électrochimique de l'énergie (RS2E), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM), Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sustainable Energy and Environment Thrust, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier - Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux de Montpellier (ICGM), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] (NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Collège de France - Chaire Chimie du solide et énergie, Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-17-CE05-0010,VASELinA,Mécanismes Electrochimiques dans les accumulateurs Alcalin-ion par Analyse Vibrationnelle(2017)
Subjects: Batteries, Energy, Fuel Technology, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Analytical chemistry, Materials for energy and catalysis, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Abstract: International audience; Improvements to battery performance, reliability and lifetime are essential to meet the expansive demands for energy storage. As part of this, continuous monitoring of the dynamic chemistry inside cells offers an exciting path to minimizing parasitic reactions and maximizing sustainability. Building upon recent fibre-optic/battery innovations, we report the use of operando infrared fibre evanescent wave spectroscopy to monitor electrolyte evolution in 18650 Na-ion and Li-ion cells under real working conditions. This approach enables identification of chemical species and reveals electrolyte and additive decomposition mechanisms during cycling, thereby providing important insights into the growth and nature of the solid–electrolyte interphase, the dynamics of solvation and their complex interrelations. Moreover, by directly embedding fibres within the electrode material, we demonstrate simultaneous observations of both the material structural evolution and the Na(Li) inventory changes upon cycling. This illuminating sensing method has the power to reveal the otherwise opaque chemical phenomena occurring within each key battery component.
Published: 2022
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45. Exploring Capturing Approaches in Shared Fabrication Workshops: Current Practice and Opportunities

Author: Clara Rigaud, Gilles Bailly, Ignacio Avellino, Yvonne Jansen, Interactions Multi-échelles, Institut des Systèmes Intelligents et de Robotique (ISIR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Popular interaction with 3d content (Potioc), Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique (LaBRI), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Bordeaux - Sud-Ouest, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Assistance aux Gestes et Applications THErapeutiques (AGATHE), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut des Systèmes Intelligents et de Robotique (ISIR), and ANR-17-CE33-0001,AfFABLe,Augmentation des fab labs en intégrant des visualisations de données(2017)
Subjects: knowledge resources, Human-Computer Interaction, Computer Networks and Communications, makerspace, [INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC], capture, fabrication workshop, Social Sciences (miscellaneous)
Abstract: International audience; Capturing content of fabrication activities is the first step for producing knowledge resources and an integral part of maker culture. As a secondary task, it conflicts though with the fabrication activity, and thus it is often forgotten and knowledge resources end up incomplete. In this article, we investigate different dimensions of content capture for knowledge resources in fabrication workshops. Based on past work in this area, we first propose a framework through which we identify two research directions to investigate. From these, we derive three dimensions to explore in more depth: The number of capturing devices, their feature variety and the degree of automation of each feature. We then explore the design space resulting from these three dimensions with the help of a design concept and an online survey study (N=66). Results show (1) a variety of needs and preferences justifying feature variety and multiplicity, (2) challenges in defining the right degree of manual and automatic control, and (3) the socio-technical impact of cameras in a shared space regarding privacy and ethics. We conclude with discussions on the benefits and vulnerabilities of equipping fabrication workshop with distributed camera-based capturing devices and offer opportunities for design.
Published: 2022
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46. Decoupling Parasitic Reactions at the Positive Electrode Interfaces in Argyrodite-Based Systems

Author: Elisa Quemin, Romain Dugas, Tuncay Koç, Benjamin Hennequart, Ronan Chometon, Jean-Marie Tarascon, Chimie du solide et de l'énergie (CSE), Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU), Réseau sur le stockage électrochimique de l'énergie (RS2E), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM), Université de Montpellier (UM), Collège de France - Chaire Chimie du solide et énergie, and Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: argyrodite solid electrolyte, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, coated layered oxides, General Materials Science, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, all-solid-state-batteries, interfaces stability
Abstract: International audience; Li-ion batteries are the key stones of electric vehicles, but with the emergence of solid-state Li batteries for improving autonomy and fast charging, the need for mastering the solid electrolyte (SE)/electrode material interfaces is crucial. All-solid-state-batteries (ASSBs) suffer from long-term capacity fading with enhanced decomposition reactions. So far, these reactions have not been extensively studied in Li(6)PS(5)Cl-based systems because of the complexity of overlapping degradation mechanisms. Herein, those reactions are studied in depth. We investigated their effects under various operating conditions (temperature, C-rate, voltage window), types of active materials, and with or without carbon additives. From combined resistance monitoring and impedance spectroscopy measurements, we could decouple two reactions (NMC/SE and VGCF/SE) with an inflection dependent on the cutoff potential (3.6 or 3.9 V vs Li-In/In are studied) on charge and elucidate their distinct repercussions on cycling performances. The pernicious effect of carbon additives on both the first cycle and power performances is disclosed, so as its long-term effect on capacity retention. As a mean to resolve these issues, we scrutinized the benefits of a coating layer around NMC particles to prevent high potential interactions, minimize the drastic loss of capacity observed with bare NMC, and simply propose to get rid of carbon additives. Altogether, we hope these findings provide insights and novel methodologies for designing innovative performing solid-state batteries.
Published: 2022
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47. Critical Role of Water on the Synthesis and Gelling of γ-In2S3 Nanoribbons with a Giant Aspect Ratio

Author: Guillemeney, Lilian, Lermusiaux, Laurent, Davidson, Patrick, Hubley, Austin, Pierini, Stefano, Pierucci, Debora, Patriarche, Gilles, Canut, Bruno, Lhuillier, Emmanuel, Mahler, Benoît, Abécassis, Benjamin, Laboratoire de Chimie - UMR5182 (LC), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique des Solides (LPS), Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Luminescence (LUMINESCENCE), Institut Lumière Matière [Villeurbanne] (ILM), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Science and Technology, Parthenope University of Naples, Naples, Italy, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N), INL - Matériaux Fonctionnels et Nanostructures (INL - MFN), Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon (INL), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-École Supérieure de Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon (CPE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physico-chimie et dynamique des surfaces (INSP-E6), Institut des Nanosciences de Paris (INSP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and European Project: 865995,SENECA
Subjects: General Chemical Engineering, Materials Chemistry, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, General Chemistry
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2022
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48. Early Mars habitability and global cooling by H2-based methanogens

Author: Boris Sauterey, Benjamin Charnay, Antonin Affholder, Stéphane Mazevet, Régis Ferrière, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des Ephémérides (IMCCE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Lille-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur (OCA), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], FOS: Biological sciences, Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE), FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: International audience; During the Noachian, Mars' crust may have provided a favourable environment for microbial life1,2. The porous brine-saturated regolith3-5 would have created a physical space sheltered from ultraviolet and cosmic radiation and provided a solvent, whereas the below-ground temperature2 and diffusion6,7 of a dense, reduced atmosphere8,9 may have supported simple microbial organisms that consumed H2 and CO2 as energy and carbon sources and produced methane as a waste. On Earth, hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis was among the earliest metabolisms10,11, but its viability on early Mars has never been quantitatively evaluated. Here we present a probabilistic assessment of Mars' Noachian habitability to H2-based methanogens and quantify their biological feedback on Mars' atmosphere and climate. We find that subsurface habitability was very likely, and limited mainly by the extent of surface ice coverage. Biomass productivity could have been as high as in the early Earth's ocean. However, the predicted atmospheric composition shift caused by methanogenesis would have triggered a global cooling event, ending potential early warm conditions, compromising surface habitability and forcing the biosphere deep into the Martian crust. Spatial projections of our predictions point to lowland sites at low-to-medium latitudes as good candidates to uncover traces of this early life at or near the surface.
Published: 2022
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49. Attitude toward a COVID-19 vaccine in France. Different factors according to age (COVID-19 vaccine: The French population’s attitude)

Author: Alleaume, Caroline, Peretti-Watel, Patrick, Verger, Pierre, Launay, Odile, Grp, Coconel, Raude, Jocelyn, Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA), Observatoire régional de la santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur [Marseille] (ORS PACA), CIC Cochin Pasteur (CIC 1417), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôtel-Dieu-Groupe hospitalier Broca-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), The COCONEL Group, École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP), Centre de recherche en économie et management (CREM), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA)-Groupe d'Etude des Méthodes de l'Analyse Sociologique de la Sorbonne (GEMASS), Fondation Maison des sciences de l'homme (FMSH)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fondation Maison des sciences de l'homme (FMSH)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)- Southeastern Health Regional Observatory (ORS Paca)-Inserm CIC 1417, Université Paris, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, and Département des sciences humaines et sociales (SHS)
Subjects: Health (social science), Vaccination, Enquête COCONEL, Covid 19, Refus, Elderly, Attitude, Enquêtes de cohorte, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, France, Population âgée, Geriatrics and Gerontology, COCONEL cohort surveys, Gerontology
Abstract: International audience; Like in many countries, the French health authorities are pinning their hopes on vaccination to stop the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, this requires the public to get the vaccine. Based on six COCONEL surveys carried out during and after the lockdown among the general French adult population, which aimed to explore life conditions during this period and individual perceptions of the situation, this paper aims to investigate the acceptability of a putative vaccine against COVID-19 among the French population, and more specifically to compare attitudes among the elderly, who are more vulnerable to the disease, with those of younger people. Out of the 8,036 respondents, 27.5% declared that they would refuse the vaccine if it were available. Among the age groups of particular interest, 29.2% of people aged 18–64 said they would refuse the vaccine, compared to 12.4% of respondents aged 65 or over. For both groups, this refusal rate fluctuated depending on the date of the survey, gender, household composition, level of household income, and uptake of the last flu vaccine. In conclusion, more attention should be paid to elderly people, as they were more likely to report hostility toward vaccination in general. Finally, considering that several vaccines are now available, further studies should be done to study vaccine uptake in relation to the vaccine offered.; La campagne vaccinale contre la COVID-19 est une priorité sanitaire. Toutefois, l’adhésion de la population française à cette vaccination est un élément clé de sa réussite. À la lumière de six enquêtes COCONEL réalisées en population générale adulte pendant et après le confinement dans l’objectif de documenter les conditions de vie des Français pendant cette période ainsi que leur perception des mesures mises en place par les autorités, cet article propose d’analyser l’intention de se faire vacciner des Français à l’égard d’une vaccination contre la COVID-19, selon l’âge. Plus spécifiquement, l’intention des personnes âgées de 65 ans et plus, particulièrement vulnérables face à cette maladie, comparativement aux personnes plus jeunes. Parmi les 8 036 répondants, 27,5 % refuseraient ce vaccin s’il était disponible ; 29,2 % des 18-64 ans contre 12,4 % des 65 ans et plus. Quel que soit l’âge, ce refus de vaccination varie selon la date d’enquête, mais aussi selon le genre, la composition du foyer, le niveau de revenus, ainsi que la pratique vaccinale antérieure contre la grippe saisonnière. En conclusion, une attention particulière devra être portée aux personnes âgées de 65 ans et plus qui sont plus enclines à manifester une hostilité à la vaccination en général. Enfin, la mise sur le marché de différents vaccins devrait encourager à poursuivre les analyses de l’adhésion vaccinale au regard du vaccin proposé.
Published: 2022
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50. Consensus formation in first-order graphon models with time-varying topologies

Author: Bonnet, Benoît, Duteil, Nastassia Pouradier, Sigalotti, Mario, Control And GEometry (CaGE ), Inria de Paris, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions (LJLL (UMR_7598)), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Modelling and Analysis for Medical and Biological Applications (MAMBA), Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions (LJLL (UMR_7598)), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)
Subjects: Consensus Formation, Algebraic Connectivity, MSC2020 Subject Classification : 05C63, 05C90, 37L15, 93A16, Applied Mathematics, Multi-Agent Systems, Functional Analysis (math.FA), Mathematics - Functional Analysis, Optimization and Control (math.OC), Modeling and Simulation, FOS: Mathematics, 05C63, 05C90, 37L15, 93A16, [MATH.MATH-OC]Mathematics [math]/Optimization and Control [math.OC], [MATH]Mathematics [math], Mathematics - Optimization and Control, Scrambling Coefficient, Graphon Dynamics, Persistence Conditions
Abstract: In this article, we investigate the asymptotic formation of consensus for several classes of time-dependent cooperative graphon dynamics. After motivating the use of this type of macroscopic models to describe multi-agent systems, we adapt the classical notion of scrambling coefficient to this setting, leverage it to establish sufficient conditions ensuring the exponential convergence to consensus with respect to the $L^{\infty}$-norm topology. We then shift our attention to consensus formation expressed in terms of the $L^2$-norm, and prove three different consensus result for symmetric, balanced and strongly connected topologies, which involve a suitable generalisation of the notion of algebraic connectivity to this infinite-dimensional framework. We then show that, just as in the finite-dimensional setting, the notion of algebraic connectivity that we propose encodes information about the connectivity properties of the underlying interaction topology. We finally use the corresponding results to shed some light on the relation between $L^2$- and $L^{\infty}$-consensus formation, and illustrate our contributions by a series of numerical simulations., Comment: 48 pages, 16 figures
Published: 2022
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