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11,926 results on '"Sorensen, P."'

1. Satellite-assisted quantum communication with single photon sources and atomic memories

Author: Tubío, V. Domínguez, Aldecocea, M. Badás, van Dam, J., Sørensen, A. S., and Borregaard, J.
Subjects: Quantum Physics
Abstract: Satellite-based quantum repeaters are a promising means to reach global distances in quantum networking due to the polynomial decrease of optical transmission with distance in free space, in contrast to the exponential decrease in optical fibers. We propose a satellite-based quantum repeater architecture with trapped individual atomic qubits, which can serve both as quantum memories and true single photon sources. This hardware allows for nearly deterministic Bell measurements and exhibits long coherence times without the need for costly cryogenic technology in space. We develop a detailed analytical model of the repeater, which includes the main imperfections of the quantum hardware and the optical link, allowing us to estimate that high-rate and high-fidelity entanglement distribution can be achieved over inter-continental distances. In particular, we find that high fidelity entanglement distribution over thousands of kilometres at a rate of 100 Hz can be achieved with orders of magnitude fewer memory modes than conventional architectures based on optical Bell state measurements., Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures
Published: 2024

2. Provenance: A Light-weight Fact-checker for Retrieval Augmented LLM Generation Output

Author: Sankararaman, Hithesh, Yasin, Mohammed Nasheed, Sorensen, Tanner, Di Bari, Alessandro, and Stolcke, Andreas
Subjects: Computer Science - Computation and Language
Abstract: We present a light-weight approach for detecting nonfactual outputs from retrieval-augmented generation (RAG). Given a context and putative output, we compute a factuality score that can be thresholded to yield a binary decision to check the results of LLM-based question-answering, summarization, or other systems. Unlike factuality checkers that themselves rely on LLMs, we use compact, open-source natural language inference (NLI) models that yield a freely accessible solution with low latency and low cost at run-time, and no need for LLM fine-tuning. The approach also enables downstream mitigation and correction of hallucinations, by tracing them back to specific context chunks. Our experiments show high area under the ROC curve (AUC) across a wide range of relevant open source datasets, indicating the effectiveness of our method for fact-checking RAG output., Comment: To appear in Proceedings of EMNLP 2024 Industry Track
Published: 2024

3. Quantitative mapping of smooth topographic landscapes produced by thermal scanning-probe lithography

Author: Sørensen, Camilla H., Nielsen, Magnus V., Linde, Sander J., Nguyen, Duc Hieu, Iversen, Christoffer E., Jensen, Robert, Raza, Søren, Bøggild, Peter, Booth, Timothy J., and Lassaline, Nolan
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract: Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a powerful technique for mapping nanoscale surface properties through tip-sample interactions. Thermal scanning-probe lithography (tSPL) is an advanced SPM variant that uses a silicon tip on a heated cantilever to sculpt and measure polymer films with nanometer precision. The surfaces produced by tSPL-smooth topographic landscapes-allow mathematically defined contours to be fabricated on the nanoscale, enabling sophisticated functionalities for photonic, electronic, chemical, and biological technologies. Evaluating the physical effects of a landscape requires fitting arbitrary mathematical functions to SPM datasets, however, this capability does not exist in standard analysis programs. Here, we provide an open-source software package (FunFit) to fit analytical functions to SPM data and develop a fabrication and characterization protocol based on this analysis. We demonstrate the benefit of this approach by patterning periodic and quasiperiodic landscapes in a polymer resist with tSPL, which we transfer to hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) flakes with high fidelity via reactive-ion etching. The topographic landscapes in polymers and hBN are measured with tSPL and atomic force microscopy (AFM), respectively. Within the FunFit program, the datasets are corrected for artefacts, fit with analytical functions, and compared, providing critical feedback on the fabrication procedure. Beyond application to tSPL, this protocol can improve analysis, reproducibility, and process development for a broad range of SPM experiments. The protocol can be performed within a working day by an inexperienced user, where fabrication and characterization take a few hours and software analysis takes a few minutes.
Published: 2024

4. Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay Sensitivity of the XLZD Rare Event Observatory

Author: XLZD Collaboration, Aalbers, J., Abe, K., Adrover, M., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Akerib, D. S., Musalhi, A. K. Al, Alder, F., Althueser, L., Amaral, D. W. P., Amarasinghe, C. S., Ames, A., Andrieu, B., Angelides, N., Angelino, E., Antunovic, B., Aprile, E., Araújo, H. M., Armstrong, J. E., Arthurs, M., Babicz, M., Bajpai, D., Baker, A., Balzer, M., Bang, J., Barberio, E., Bargemann, J. W., Barillier, E., Basharina-Freshville, A., Baudis, L., Bauer, D., Bazyk, M., Beattie, K., Beaupere, N., Bell, N. F., Bellagamba, L., Benson, T., Bhatti, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Biondi, R., Biondi, Y., Birch, H. J., Bishop, E., Bismark, A., Boehm, C., Boese, K., Bolotnikov, A., Brás, P., Braun, R., Breskin, A., Brew, C. A. J., Brommer, S., Brown, A., Bruni, G., Budnik, R., Burdin, S., Cai, C., Capelli, C., Carini, G., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Carter, M., Chauvin, A., Chawla, A., Chen, H., Cherwinka, J. J., Chin, Y. T., Chott, N. I., Chavez, A. P. Cimental, Clark, K., Colijn, A. P., Colling, D. J., Conrad, J., Converse, M. V., Coronel, R., Costanzo, D., Cottle, A., Cox, G., Cuenca-García, J. J., Curran, D., Cussans, D., D'Andrea, V., Garcia, L. C. Daniel, Darlington, I., Dave, S., David, A., Davies, G. J., Decowski, M. P., Deisting, A., Delgaudio, J., Dey, S., Di Donato, C., Di Felice, L., Di Gangi, P., Diglio, S., Ding, C., Dobson, J. E. Y., Doerenkamp, M., Drexlin, G., Druszkiewicz, E., Dunbar, C. L., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Engel, R., Eriksen, S. R., Fayer, S., Fearon, N. M., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fieldhouse, N., Fischer, H., Flaecher, H., Flehmke, T., Flierman, M., Fraser, E. D., Fruth, T. M. A., Fujikawa, K., Fulgione, W., Fuselli, C., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Gaitskell, R. J., Gallice, N., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Garroum, N., Geffre, A., Genovesi, J., Ghag, C., Ghosh, S., Giacomobono, R., Gibbons, R., Girard, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Glück, F., Gokhale, S., Grandi, L., Green, J., Grigat, J., van der Grinten, M. G. D., Größle, R., Guan, H., Guida, M., Gyorgy, P., Haiston, J. J., Hall, C. R., Hall, T., Hammann, R., Hannen, V., Hansmann-Menzemer, S., Hargittai, N., Hartigan-O'Connor, E., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hernandez, M., Hertel, S. A., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hiraoka, K., Hoetzsch, L., Hoferichter, M., Homenides, G. J., Hood, N. F., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Hughes, S., Hunt, D., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jacquet, E., Jakob, J., James, R. S., Joerg, F., Jones, S., Kaboth, A. C., Kahlert, F., Kamaha, A. C., Kaminaga, Y., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Keller, M., Kemp-Russell, P., Khaitan, D., Kharbanda, P., Kilminster, B., Kim, J., Kirk, R., Kleifges, M., Klute, M., Kobayashi, M., Kodroff, D., Koke, D., Kopec, A., Korolkova, E. V., Kraus, H., Kravitz, S., Kreczko, L., von Krosigk, B., Kudryavtsev, V. A., Kuger, F., Kurita, N., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Lawes, C., Lee, J., Lehnert, B., Leonard, D. S., Lesko, K. T., Levinson, L., Li, A., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Liang, Z., Lin, J., Lin, Y. -T., Lindemann, S., Linden, S., Lindner, M., Lindote, A., Lippincott, W. H., Liu, K., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Lopes, J. A. M., Lopes, M. I., Lorenzon, W., Loutit, M., Lu, C., Lucchetti, G. M., Luce, T., Luitz, S., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Maier, B., Majewski, P. A., Manalaysay, A., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Mannino, R. L., Marignetti, F., Marley, T., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Maupin, C., McCabe, C., McCarthy, M. E., McKinsey, D. N., McLaughlin, J. B., Melchiorre, A., Menéndez, J., Messina, M., Miller, E. H., Milosovic, B., Milutinovic, S., Miuchi, K., Miyata, R., Mizrachi, E., Molinario, A., Monteiro, C. M. B., Monzani, M. E., Morå, K., Moriyama, S., Morrison, E., Morteau, E., Mosbacher, Y., Mount, B. J., Müller, J., Murdy, M., Murphy, A. St. J., Murra, M., Naylor, A., Nelson, H. N., Neves, F., Newstead, J. L., Nguyen, A., Ni, K., O'Hare, C., Oberlack, U., Obradovic, M., Olcina, I., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Orpwood, J., Ostrowskiy, I., Ouahada, S., Oyulmaz, K., Paetsch, B., Palladino, K. J., Palmer, J., Pan, Y., Pandurovic, M., Pannifer, N. J., Paramesvaran, S., Patton, S. J., Pellegrini, Q., Penning, B., Pereira, G., Peres, R., Perry, E., Pershing, T., Piastra, F., Pienaar, J., Piepke, A., Pierre, M., Plante, G., Pollmann, T. R., Principe, L., Qi, J., Qiao, K., Qie, Y., Qin, J., Radeka, S., Radeka, V., Rajado, M., García, D. Ramírez, Ravindran, A., Razeto, A., Reichenbacher, J., Rhyne, C. A., Richards, A., Rischbieter, G. R. C., Riyat, H. S., Rosero, R., Roy, A., Rushton, T., Rynders, D., Saakyan, R., Sanchez, L., Sanchez-Lucas, P., Santone, D., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sartorelli, G., Sazzad, A. B. M. R., Scaffidi, A., Schnee, R. W., Schreiner, J., Schulte, P., Schulze, H., Eißing, Schumann, M., Schwenck, A., Schwenk, A., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Sharma, S., Shaw, S., Shen, W., Sherman, L., Shi, S., Shi, S. Y., Shimada, T., Shutt, T., Silk, J. J., Silva, C., Simgen, H., Sinev, G., Singh, R., Siniscalco, J., Solmaz, M., Solovov, V. N., Song, Z., Sorensen, P., Soria, J., Stanley, O., Steidl, M., Stenhouse, T., Stevens, A., Stifter, K., Sumner, T. J., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Taylor, D. J., Taylor, W. C., Thers, D., Thümmler, T., Tiedt, D. R., Tönnies, F., Tong, Z., Toschi, F., Tovey, D. R., Tranter, J., Trask, M., Trinchero, G., Tripathi, M., Tronstad, D. R., Trotta, R., Tunnell, C. D., Urquijo, P., Usón, A., Utoyama, M., Vaitkus, A. C., Valentino, O., Valerius, K., Vecchi, S., Velan, V., Vetter, S., de Viveiros, L., Volta, G., Vorkapic, D., Wang, A., Wang, J. J., Wang, W., Wang, Y., Waters, D., Weerman, K. M., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Whitis, T. J., Wild, K., Williams, M., Wilson, M., Wilson, S. T., Wittweg, C., Wolf, J., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woodford, S., Woodward, D., Worcester, M., Wright, C. J., Wu, V. H. S., üstling, S. W, Wurm, M., Xia, Q., Xing, Y., Xu, D., Xu, J., Xu, Y., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yeh, M., Yu, B., Zavattini, G., Zha, W., Zhong, M., and Zuber, K.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The XLZD collaboration is developing a two-phase xenon time projection chamber with an active mass of 60 to 80 t capable of probing the remaining WIMP-nucleon interaction parameter space down to the so-called neutrino fog. In this work we show that, based on the performance of currently operating detectors using the same technology and a realistic reduction of radioactivity in detector materials, such an experiment will also be able to competitively search for neutrinoless double beta decay in $^{136}$Xe using a natural-abundance xenon target. XLZD can reach a 3$\sigma$ discovery potential half-life of 5.7$\times$10$^{27}$ yr (and a 90% CL exclusion of 1.3$\times$10$^{28}$ yr) with 10 years of data taking, corresponding to a Majorana mass range of 7.3-31.3 meV (4.8-20.5 meV). XLZD will thus exclude the inverted neutrino mass ordering parameter space and will start to probe the normal ordering region for most of the nuclear matrix elements commonly considered by the community., Comment: 29 pages, 7 figures
Published: 2024

5. The XLZD Design Book: Towards the Next-Generation Liquid Xenon Observatory for Dark Matter and Neutrino Physics

Author: XLZD Collaboration, Aalbers, J., Abe, K., Adrover, M., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Akerib, D. S., Musalhi, A. K. Al, Alder, F., Althueser, L., Amaral, D. W. P., Amarasinghe, C. S., Ames, A., Andrieu, B., Angelides, N., Angelino, E., Antunovic, B., Aprile, E., Araújo, H. M., Armstrong, J. E., Arthurs, M., Babicz, M., Bajpai, D., Baker, A., Balzer, M., Bang, J., Barberio, E., Bargemann, J. W., Barillier, E., Basharina-Freshville, A., Baudis, L., Bauer, D., Bazyk, M., Beattie, K., Beaupere, N., Bell, N. F., Bellagamba, L., Benson, T., Bhatti, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Biondi, R., Biondi, Y., Birch, H. J., Bishop, E., Bismark, A., Boehm, C., Boese, K., Bolotnikov, A., Brás, P., Braun, R., Breskin, A., Brew, C. A. J., Brommer, S., Brown, A., Bruni, G., Budnik, R., Burdin, S., Cai, C., Capelli, C., Carini, G., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Carter, M., Chauvin, A., Chawla, A., Chen, H., Cherwinka, J. J., Chin, Y. T., Chott, N. I., Chavez, A. P. Cimental, Clark, K., Colijn, A. P., Colling, D. J., Conrad, J., Converse, M. V., Coronel, R., Costanzo, D., Cottle, A., Cox, G., Cuenca-García, J. J., Curran, D., Cussans, D., D'Andrea, V., Garcia, L. C. Daniel, Darlington, I., Dave, S., David, A., Davies, G. J., Decowski, M. P., Deisting, A., Delgaudio, J., Dey, S., Di Donato, C., Di Felice, L., Di Gangi, P., Diglio, S., Ding, C., Dobson, J. E. Y., Doerenkamp, M., Drexlin, G., Druszkiewicz, E., Dunbar, C. L., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Engel, R., Eriksen, S. R., Fayer, S., Fearon, N. M., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fieldhouse, N., Fischer, H., Flaecher, H., Flehmke, T., Flierman, M., Fraser, E. D., Fruth, T. M. A., Fujikawa, K., Fulgione, W., Fuselli, C., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Gaitskell, R. J., Gallice, N., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Garroum, N., Geffre, A., Genovesi, J., Ghag, C., Ghosh, S., Giacomobono, R., Gibbons, R., Girard, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Glück, F., Gokhale, S., Grandi, L., Green, J., Grigat, J., van der Grinten, M. G. D., Größle, R., Guan, H., Guida, M., Gyorgy, P., Haiston, J. J., Hall, C. R., Hall, T., Hammann, R., Hannen, V., Hansmann-Menzemer, S., Hargittai, N., Hartigan-O'Connor, E., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hernandez, M., Hertel, S. A., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hiraoka, K., Hoetzsch, L., Hoferichter, M., Homenides, G. J., Hood, N. F., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Hughes, S., Hunt, D., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jacquet, E., Jakob, J., James, R. S., Joerg, F., Jones, S., Kaboth, A. C., Kahlert, F., Kamaha, A. C., Kaminaga, Y., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Keller, M., Kemp-Russell, P., Khaitan, D., Kharbanda, P., Kilminster, B., Kim, J., Kirk, R., Kleifges, M., Klute, M., Kobayashi, M., Kodroff, D., Koke, D., Kopec, A., Korolkova, E. V., Kraus, H., Kravitz, S., Kreczko, L., von Krosigk, B., Kudryavtsev, V. A., Kuger, F., Kurita, N., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Lawes, C., Lee, J., Lehnert, B., Leonard, D. S., Lesko, K. T., Levinson, L., Li, A., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Liang, Z., Lin, J., Lin, Y. -T., Lindemann, S., Linden, S., Lindner, M., Lindote, A., Lippincott, W. H., Liu, K., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Lopes, J. A. M., Lopes, M. I., Lorenzon, W., Loutit, M., Lu, C., Lucchetti, G. M., Luce, T., Luitz, S., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Maier, B., Majewski, P. A., Manalaysay, A., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Mannino, R. L., Marignetti, F., Marley, T., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Maupin, C., McCabe, C., McCarthy, M. E., McKinsey, D. N., McLaughlin, J. B., Melchiorre, A., Menéndez, J., Messina, M., Miller, E. H., Milosovic, B., Milutinovic, S., Miuchi, K., Miyata, R., Mizrachi, E., Molinario, A., Monteiro, C. M. B., Monzani, M. E., Morå, K., Moriyama, S., Morrison, E., Morteau, E., Mosbacher, Y., Mount, B. J., Müller, J., Murdy, M., Murphy, A. St. J., Murra, M., Naylor, A., Nelson, H. N., Neves, F., Newstead, J. L., Nguyen, A., Ni, K., O'Hare, C., Oberlack, U., Obradovic, M., Olcina, I., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Orpwood, J., Ostrowskiy, I., Ouahada, S., Oyulmaz, K., Paetsch, B., Palladino, K. J., Palmer, J., Pan, Y., Pandurovic, M., Pannifer, N. J., Paramesvaran, S., Patton, S. J., Pellegrini, Q., Penning, B., Pereira, G., Peres, R., Perry, E., Pershing, T., Piastra, F., Pienaar, J., Piepke, A., Pierre, M., Plante, G., Pollmann, T. R., Principe, L., Qi, J., Qiao, K., Qie, Y., Qin, J., Radeka, S., Radeka, V., Rajado, M., García, D. Ramírez, Ravindran, A., Razeto, A., Reichenbacher, J., Rhyne, C. A., Richards, A., Rischbieter, G. R. C., Riyat, H. S., Rosero, R., Roy, A., Rushton, T., Rynders, D., Saakyan, R., Sanchez, L., Sanchez-Lucas, P., Santone, D., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sartorelli, G., Sazzad, A. B. M. R., Scaffidi, A., Schnee, R. W., Schreiner, J., Schulte, P., Schulze, H., Eißing, Schumann, M., Schwenck, A., Schwenk, A., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Sharma, S., Shaw, S., Shen, W., Sherman, L., Shi, S., Shi, S. Y., Shimada, T., Shutt, T., Silk, J. J., Silva, C., Simgen, H., Sinev, G., Singh, R., Siniscalco, J., Solmaz, M., Solovov, V. N., Song, Z., Sorensen, P., Soria, J., Stanley, O., Steidl, M., Stenhouse, T., Stevens, A., Stifter, K., Sumner, T. J., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Taylor, D. J., Taylor, W. C., Thers, D., Thümmler, T., Tiedt, D. R., Tönnies, F., Tong, Z., Toschi, F., Tovey, D. R., Tranter, J., Trask, M., Trinchero, G., Tripathi, M., Tronstad, D. R., Trotta, R., Tunnell, C. D., Urquijo, P., Usón, A., Utoyama, M., Vaitkus, A. C., Valentino, O., Valerius, K., Vecchi, S., Velan, V., Vetter, S., de Viveiros, L., Volta, G., Vorkapic, D., Wang, A., Wang, J. J., Wang, W., Wang, Y., Waters, D., Weerman, K. M., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Whitis, T. J., Wild, K., Williams, M., Wilson, M., Wilson, S. T., Wittweg, C., Wolf, J., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woodford, S., Woodward, D., Worcester, M., Wright, C. J., Wu, V. H. S., üstling, S. W, Wurm, M., Xia, Q., Xing, Y., Xu, D., Xu, J., Xu, Y., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yeh, M., Yu, B., Zavattini, G., Zha, W., Zhong, M., and Zuber, K.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: This report describes the experimental strategy and technologies for a next-generation xenon observatory sensitive to dark matter and neutrino physics. The detector will have an active liquid xenon target mass of 60-80 tonnes and is proposed by the XENON-LUX-ZEPLIN-DARWIN (XLZD) collaboration. The design is based on the mature liquid xenon time projection chamber technology of the current-generation experiments, LZ and XENONnT. A baseline design and opportunities for further optimization of the individual detector components are discussed. The experiment envisaged here has the capability to explore parameter space for Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP) dark matter down to the neutrino fog, with a 3$\sigma$ evidence potential for the spin-independent WIMP-nucleon cross sections as low as $3\times10^{-49}\rm cm^2$ (at 40 GeV/c$^2$ WIMP mass). The observatory is also projected to have a 3$\sigma$ observation potential of neutrinoless double-beta decay of $^{136}$Xe at a half-life of up to $5.7\times 10^{27}$ years. Additionally, it is sensitive to astrophysical neutrinos from the atmosphere, sun, and galactic supernovae., Comment: 32 pages, 14 figures
Published: 2024

6. Dark Matter Search Results from 4.2 Tonne-Years of Exposure of the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) Experiment

Author: Aalbers, J., Akerib, D. S., Musalhi, A. K. Al, Alder, F., Amarasinghe, C. S., Ames, A., Anderson, T. J., Angelides, N., Araújo, H. M., Armstrong, J. E., Arthurs, M., Baker, A., Balashov, S., Bang, J., Bargemann, J. W., Barillier, E. E., Bauer, D., Beattie, K., Benson, T., Bhatti, A., Biekert, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Birch, H. J., Bishop, E., Blockinger, G. M., Boxer, B., Brew, C. A. J., Brás, P., Burdin, S., Buuck, M., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Carter, M., Chawla, A., Chen, H., Cherwinka, J. J., Chin, Y. T., Chott, N. I., Converse, M. V., Coronel, R., Cottle, A., Cox, G., Curran, D., Dahl, C. E., Darlington, I., Dave, S., David, A., Delgaudio, J., Dey, S., de Viveiros, L., Di Felice, L., Ding, C., Dobson, J. E. Y., Druszkiewicz, E., Dubey, S., Eriksen, S. R., Fan, A., Fayer, S., Fearon, N. M., Fieldhouse, N., Fiorucci, S., Flaecher, H., Fraser, E. D., Fruth, T. M. A., Gaitskell, R. J., Geffre, A., Genovesi, J., Ghag, C., Ghosh, A., Gibbons, R., Gokhale, S., Green, J., van der Grinten, M. G. D., Haiston, J. J., Hall, C. R., Hall, T. J., Han, S., Hartigan-O'Connor, E., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hernandez, M. A., Hertel, S. A., Heuermann, G., Homenides, G. J., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Hunt, D., Jacquet, E., James, R. S., Johnson, J., Kaboth, A. C., Kamaha, A. C., K., Meghna K., Khaitan, D., Khazov, A., Khurana, I., Kim, J., Kim, Y. D., Kingston, J., Kirk, R., Kodroff, D., Korley, L., Korolkova, E. V., Kraus, H., Kravitz, S., Kreczko, L., Kudryavtsev, V. A., Lawes, C., Leonard, D. S., Lesko, K. T., Levy, C., Lin, J., Lindote, A., Lippincott, W. H., Lopes, M. I., Lorenzon, W., Lu, C., Luitz, S., Majewski, P. A., Manalaysay, A., Mannino, R. L., Maupin, C., McCarthy, M. E., McDowell, G., McKinsey, D. N., McLaughlin, J., McLaughlin, J. B., McMonigle, R., Mizrachi, E., Monte, A., Monzani, M. E., Mendoza, J. D. Morales, Morrison, E., Mount, B. J., Murdy, M., Murphy, A. St. J., Naylor, A., Nelson, H. N., Neves, F., Nguyen, A., O'Brien, C. L., Olcina, I., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Orpwood, J., Oyulmaz, K. Y, Palladino, K. J., Palmer, J., Pannifer, N. J., Parveen, N., Patton, S. J., Penning, B., Pereira, G., Perry, E., Pershing, T., Piepke, A., Qie, Y., Reichenbacher, J., Rhyne, C. A., Richards, A., Riffard, Q., Rischbieter, G. R. C., Ritchey, E., Riyat, H. S., Rosero, R., Rushton, T., Rynders, D., Santone, D., Sazzad, A. B. M. R., Schnee, R. W., Sehr, G., Shafer, B., Shaw, S., Shutt, T., Silk, J. J., Silva, C., Sinev, G., Siniscalco, J., Smith, R., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Soria, J., Stancu, I., Stevens, A., Stifter, K., Suerfu, B., Sumner, T. J., Szydagis, M., Tiedt, D. R., Timalsina, M., Tong, Z., Tovey, D. R., Tranter, J., Trask, M., Tripathi, M., Usón, A., Vacheret, A., Vaitkus, A. C., Valentino, O., Velan, V., Wang, A., Wang, J. J., Wang, Y., Watson, J. R., Weeldreyer, L., Whitis, T. J., Wild, K., Williams, M., Wisniewski, W. J., Wolf, L., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woodford, S., Woodward, D., Wright, C. J., Xia, Q., Xu, J., Xu, Y., Yeh, M., Yeum, D., Zha, W., and Zweig, E. A.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We report results of a search for nuclear recoils induced by weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) dark matter using the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) two-phase xenon time projection chamber. This analysis uses a total exposure of $4.2\pm0.1$ tonne-years from 280 live days of LZ operation, of which $3.3\pm0.1$ tonne-years and 220 live days are new. A technique to actively tag background electronic recoils from $^{214}$Pb $\beta$ decays is featured for the first time. Enhanced electron-ion recombination is observed in two-neutrino double electron capture decays of $^{124}$Xe, representing a noteworthy new background. After removal of artificial signal-like events injected into the data set to mitigate analyzer bias, we find no evidence for an excess over expected backgrounds. World-leading constraints are placed on spin-independent (SI) and spin-dependent WIMP-nucleon cross sections for masses $\geq$9 GeV/$c^2$. The strongest SI exclusion set is $2.1\times10^{-48}$ cm$^{2}$ at the 90% confidence level at a mass of 36 GeV/$c^2$, and the best SI median sensitivity achieved is $5.0\times10^{-48}$ cm$^{2}$ for a mass of 40 GeV/$c^2$., Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures. See https://www.hepdata.net/record/155182 for a data release related to this paper
Published: 2024

7. Low Energy Backgrounds and Excess Noise in a Two-Channel Low-Threshold Calorimeter

Author: Anthony-Petersen, Robin, Chang, Clarence L., Chang, Yen-Yung, Chaplinsky, Luke, Fink, Caleb W., Garcia-Sciveres, Maurice, Guo, Wei, Hertel, Scott A., Li, Xinran, Lin, Junsong, Lisovenko, Marharyta, Mahapatra, Rupak, Matava, William, McKinsey, Daniel N., Osterman, David Z., Patel, Pratyush K., Penning, Bjoern, Platt, Mark, Pyle, Matt, Qi, Yinghe, Reed, Maggie, Rydstrom, Ivar, Romani, Roger K., Sadoulet, Bernard, Serfass, Bruno, Sorensen, Peter, Suerfu, Burkhant, Velan, Vetri, Wang, Gensheng, Wang, Yue, Watkins, Samuel L., and Williams, Michael R.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: We describe observations of low energy excess (LEE) events (background events observed in all light dark matter direct detection calorimeters) and noise in a two-channel silicon athermal phonon detector with 375 meV baseline energy resolution. We measure two distinct LEE populations: ``shared'' multichannel events with a pulse shape consistent with athermal phonon events, and sub-eV events which couple nearly exclusively to a single channel with a significantly faster pulse shape. These ``singles'' are consistent with events occurring within the aluminum athermal phonon collection fins. Similarly, our measured detector noise is higher than the theoretical expectation. Measured noise can be split into an uncorrelated component, consistent with shot noise from small energy depositions within the athermal phonon sensor itself, and a correlated component, consistent with shot noise from energy depositions within the silicon crystal's phonon system., Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures
Published: 2024

8. Design Studies Of A Pulsed Quasimonoenergetic 2-keV Neutron Source For Calibration Of Low Threshold Dark Matter Detectors

Author: Chaplinsky, L., Fiorucci, S., Fink, C. W., Garcia-Sciveres, M., Guo, W., Hertel, S. A., Wuko, J. K., Li, X., Lin, J., Mahapatra, R., Matava, W., McKinsey, D. N., Osterman, D. Z., Patel, P. K., Penning, B., Pinckney, H. D., Platt, M., Qi, Y., Reed, M., Rischbieter, G. R. C, Romani, R. K., Sorensen, P., Velan, V., Wang, G., Wang, Y., Watkins, S. L., and Williams, M. R.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We describe design studies for a pulsed quasi-monoenergetic 2-keV neutron source for calibration of sub-keV nuclear recoils. Such a calibration is required for detectors sensitive to sub-GeV dark matter and also the coherent elastic scattering of reactor neutrinos. In our design, neutrons from a commercial deuterium-tritium generator are moderated to the keV scale and then filtered to the monoenergetic spectrum using a feature in the neutron cross section of scandium. In this approach, unmoderated high-energy neutrons form a challenging background, along with gammas from neutron capture in the moderator materials. We describe the optimization of the moderator+filter and shielding geometry, and find a geometry that in simulation achieves both the target neutron flux at 2 keV and subdominant rates of background interactions. Lastly, we describe a future path to lower-energy (few eV scale) calibrations using time-of-flight and sub-keV neutrons., Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures
Published: 2024

9. Accelerated ray-tracing simulations using McXtrace

Author: Sloth, Steffen, Willendrup, Peter Kjær, Sørensen, Hans Henrik Brandenborg, Christensen, Morten, and Poulsen, Henning Friis
Subjects: Physics - Computational Physics
Abstract: McXtrace is an established Monte Carlo based ray-tracing tool to simulate synchrotron beamlines and X-ray laboratory instruments. This work explains and demonstrates the new capability of GPU-accelerated McXtrace ray-tracing simulations. The openACC implementation is presented, followed by a demonstration of the achieved speed-up factor for several types of instruments across different types of hardware. The instruments achieve speed-up factors around \SIrange{250}{600}{} dependent on the instrument complexity. Instruments requiring repeated memory access might require optimised memory access procedures to avoid severe penalties in the simulation time when using GPUs. The importance of reducing the simulations was demonstrated for an aviation security application by comparing the simulation time of a projection of an energy-dispersive X-ray computed tomography instrument.
Published: 2024

10. Tailoring fusion-based photonic quantum computing schemes to quantum emitters

Author: Chan, Ming Lai, Bell, Thomas J., Pettersson, Love A., Chen, Susan X., Yard, Patrick, Sørensen, Anders Søndberg, and Paesani, Stefano
Subjects: Quantum Physics
Abstract: Fusion-based quantum computation is a promising quantum computing model where small-sized photonic resource states are simultaneously entangled and measured by fusion gates. Such operations can be readily implemented with scalable photonic hardware: resource states can be deterministically generated by quantum emitters and fusions require only shallow linear-optical circuits. Here, we propose fusion-based architectures tailored to the capabilities and noise models in quantum emitters. We show that high tolerance to dominant physical error mechanisms can be achieved, with fault-tolerance thresholds of 8% for photon loss, 4% for photon distinguishability between emitters, and spin noise thresholds well above memory-induced errors for typical spin-photon interfaces. Our construction and analysis provide guidelines for the development of photonic quantum hardware targeting fault-tolerant applications with quantum emitters., Comment: Added proofs in Supplementary
Published: 2024

11. Motivations for Early High-Profile FRIB Experiments

Author: Brown, B. Alex, Gade, Alexandra, Stroberg, S. Ragnar, Escher, Jutta, Fossez, Kevin, Giuliani, Pablo, Hoffman, Calem R., Nazarewicz, Witold, Seng, Chien-Yeah, Sorensen, Agnieszka, Vassh, Nicole, Bazin, Daniel, Brown, Kyle W., Capri, Mark A., Crawford, Heather, Danielewic, Pawel, Drischler, Christian, Ruiz, Ronald F. Garcia, Godbey, Kyle, Grzywacz, Robert, Holt, Jeremy W., Iwasaki, Hiro, Lee, Dean, Lenzi, Silvia M., Liddick, Sean, Lubna, Rebeka, Macchiavelli, Augusto O., Pinedo, Gabriel Martinez, McCoy, Anna, Mercenne, Alexis, Minamisono, Kei, Monteagudo, Belen, Navratil, Petr, Ringle, Ryan, Sargsyan, Grigor, Schatz, Hendrik, Spieker, Mark-Christoph, Volya, Alexander, Zegers, Remco G. T., Zelevinsky, Vladimir, and Zhang, Xilin
Subjects: Nuclear Theory
Abstract: This white paper is the result of a collaboration by those that attended a workshop at the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB), organized by the FRIB Theory Alliance (FRIB-TA), on Theoretical Justifications and Motivations for Early High-Profile FRIB Experiments. It covers a wide range of topics related to the science that will be explored at FRIB. After a brief introduction, the sections address: (II) Overview of theoretical methods, (III) Experimental capabilities, (IV) Structure, (V) Near-threshold Physics, (VI) Reaction mechanisms, (VII) Nuclear equations of state, (VIII) Nuclear astrophysics, (IX) Fundamental symmetries, and (X) Experimental design and uncertainty quantification., Comment: 227 pages, 24 figures
Published: 2024

12. Can Language Models Reason about Individualistic Human Values and Preferences?

Author: Jiang, Liwei, Sorensen, Taylor, Levine, Sydney, and Choi, Yejin
Subjects: Computer Science - Computation and Language
Abstract: Recent calls for pluralistic alignment emphasize that AI systems should address the diverse needs of all people. Yet, efforts in this space often require sorting people into fixed buckets of pre-specified diversity-defining dimensions (e.g., demographics, personalities, communication styles), risking smoothing out or even stereotyping the rich spectrum of individualistic variations. To achieve an authentic representation of diversity that respects individuality, we propose individualistic alignment. While individualistic alignment can take various forms, in this paper, we introduce IndieValueCatalog, a dataset transformed from the influential World Values Survey (WVS), to study language models (LMs) on the specific challenge of individualistic value reasoning. Specifically, given a sample of an individual's value-expressing statements, models are tasked with predicting their value judgments in novel cases. With IndieValueCatalog, we reveal critical limitations in frontier LMs' abilities to reason about individualistic human values with accuracies, only ranging between 55% to 65%. Moreover, our results highlight that a precise description of individualistic values cannot be approximated only via demographic information. We also identify a partiality of LMs in reasoning about global individualistic values, as measured by our proposed Value Inequity Index ({\sigma}INEQUITY). Finally, we train a series of Individualistic Value Reasoners (IndieValueReasoner) using IndieValueCatalog to enhance models' individualistic value reasoning capability, revealing new patterns and dynamics into global human values. We outline future research challenges and opportunities for advancing individualistic alignment.
Published: 2024

13. Measurement of elliptic flow of J$/\psi$ in $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$ GeV Au$+$Au collisions at forward rapidity

Author: PHENIX Collaboration, Abdulameer, N. J., Acharya, U., Adare, A., Aidala, C., Ajitanand, N. N., Akiba, Y., Alfred, M., Antsupov, S., Aoki, K., Apadula, N., Asano, H., Ayuso, C., Azmoun, B., Babintsev, V., Bai, M., Bandara, N. S., Bannier, B., Bannikov, E., Barish, K. N., Bathe, S., Bazilevsky, A., Beaumier, M., Beckman, S., Belmont, R., Berdnikov, A., Berdnikov, Y., Bichon, L., Blankenship, B., Blau, D. S., Boer, M., Bok, J. S., Borisov, V., Boyle, K., Brooks, M. L., Bryslawskyj, J., Bumazhnov, V., Butler, C., Campbell, S., Roman, V. Canoa, Chen, C. -H., Chen, D., Chiu, M., Chi, C. Y., Choi, I. J., Choi, J. B., Chujo, T., Citron, Z., Connors, M., Corliss, R., Csanád, M., Csörgő, T., Liu, L. D., Danley, T. W., Datta, A., Daugherity, M. S., David, G., DeBlasio, K., Dehmelt, K., Denisov, A., Deshpande, A., Desmond, E. J., Dion, A., Diss, P. B., Doomra, V., Do, J. H., Drees, A., Drees, K. A., Dumancic, M., Durham, J. M., Durum, A., Elder, T., Enokizono, A., Esha, R., Fadem, B., Fan, W., Feege, N., Fields, D. E., Finger, Jr., M., Finger, M., Firak, D., Fitzgerald, D., Fokin, S. L., Frantz, J. E., Franz, A., Frawley, A. D., Fukuda, Y., Gallus, P., Gal, C., Garg, P., Ge, H., Giordano, F., Glenn, A., Goto, Y., Grau, N., Greene, S. V., Perdekamp, M. Grosse, Gunji, T., Guo, T., Hachiya, T., Haggerty, J. S., Hahn, K. I., Hamagaki, H., Hamilton, H. F., Hanks, J., Han, S. Y., Hasegawa, S., Haseler, T. O. S., Hashimoto, K., Hemmick, T. K., He, X., Hill, J. C., Hill, K., Hodges, A., Hollis, R. S., Homma, K., Hong, B., Hoshino, T., Hotvedt, N., Huang, J., Imai, K., Imrek, J., Inaba, M., Iordanova, A., Isenhower, D., Ito, Y., Ivanishchev, D., Jacak, B., Jezghani, M., Jiang, X., Ji, Z., Johnson, B. M., Jorjadze, V., Jouan, D., Jumper, D. S., Kanda, S., Kang, J. H., Kapukchyan, D., Karthas, S., Kawall, D., Kazantsev, A. V., Key, J. A., Khachatryan, V., Khanzadeev, A., Kimelman, B., Kim, C., Kim, D. J., Kim, E. -J., Kim, G. W., Kim, M., Kim, M. H., Kincses, D., Kistenev, E., Kitamura, R., Klatsky, J., Kleinjan, D., Kline, P., Koblesky, T., Komkov, B., Kotov, D., Kovacs, L., Kudo, S., Kurita, K., Kurosawa, M., Kwon, Y., Lajoie, J. G., Lallow, E. O., Lebedev, A., Lee, S., Lee, S. H., Leitch, M. J., Leung, Y. H., Lewis, N. A., Lim, S. H., Liu, M. X., Li, X., Loggins, V. -R., Lökös, S., Loomis, D. A., Lynch, D., Majoros, T., Makdisi, Y. I., Makek, M., Malaev, M., Manion, A., Manko, V. I., Mannel, E., Masuda, H., McCumber, M., McGaughey, P. L., McGlinchey, D., McKinney, C., Meles, A., Mendoza, M., Mignerey, A. C., Mihalik, D. E., Milov, A., Mishra, D. K., Mitchell, J. T., Mitrankova, M., Mitrankov, Iu., Mitsuka, G., Miyasaka, S., Mizuno, S., Mohanty, A. K., Montuenga, P., Moon, T., Morrison, D. P., Morrow, S. I., Moukhanova, T. V., Mulilo, B., Murakami, T., Murata, J., Mwai, A., Nagai, K., Nagashima, K., Nagashima, T., Nagle, J. L., Nagy, M. I., Nakagawa, I., Nakagomi, H., Nakano, K., Nattrass, C., Netrakanti, P. K., Niida, T., Nishimura, S., Nouicer, R., Novitzky, N., Novotny, R., Novák, T., Nukazuka, G., Nyanin, A. S., O'Brien, E., Ogilvie, C. A., Koop, J. D. Orjuela, Orosz, M., Osborn, J. D., Oskarsson, A., Ozawa, K., Pak, R., Pantuev, V., Papavassiliou, V., Park, J. S., Park, S., Patel, M., Pate, S. F., Peng, J. -C., Peng, W., Perepelitsa, D. V., Perera, G. D. N., Peressounko, D. Yu., PerezLara, C. E., Perry, J., Petti, R., Phipps, M., Pinkenburg, C., Pinson, R., Pisani, R. P., Potekhin, M., Pun, A., Purschke, M. L., Rak, J., Ramson, B. J., Ravinovich, I., Read, K. F., Reynolds, D., Riabov, V., Riabov, Y., Richford, D., Rinn, T., Rolnick, S. D., Rosati, M., Rowan, Z., Rubin, J. G., Runchey, J., Sahlmueller, B., Saito, N., Sakaguchi, T., Sako, H., Samsonov, V., Sarsour, M., Sato, K., Sato, S., Schaefer, B., Schmoll, B. K., Sedgwick, K., Seidl, R., Seleznev, A., Sen, A., Seto, R., Sett, P., Sexton, A., Sharma, D., Shein, I., Shibata, T. -A., Shigaki, K., Shimomura, M., Shukla, P., Sickles, A., Silva, C. L., Silvermyr, D., Singh, B. K., Singh, C. P., Singh, V., Slunečka, M., Smith, K. L., Snowball, M., Soltz, R. A., Sondheim, W. E., Sorensen, S. P., Sourikova, I. V., Stankus, P. W., Stepanov, M., Stoll, S. P., Sugitate, T., Sukhanov, A., Sumita, T., Sun, J., Sun, Z., Syed, S., Sziklai, J., Takeda, A., Taketani, A., Tanida, K., Tannenbaum, M. J., Tarafdar, S., Taranenko, A., Tarnai, G., Tieulent, R., Timilsina, A., Todoroki, T., Tomášek, M., Towell, C. L., Towell, R., Towell, R. S., Tserruya, I., Ueda, Y., Ujvari, B., van Hecke, H. W., Vazquez-Carson, S., Velkovska, J., Virius, M., Vrba, V., Wang, X. R., Wang, Z., Watanabe, Y., Watanabe, Y. S., Wei, F., White, A. S., Wong, C. P., Woody, C. L., Wysocki, M., Xia, B., Xue, L., Xu, C., Xu, Q., Yalcin, S., Yamaguchi, Y. L., Yanovich, A., Yin, P., Yoon, I., Yoo, J. H., Yushmanov, I. E., Yu, H., Zajc, W. A., Zelenski, A., Zhou, S., and Zou, L.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: We report the first measurement of the azimuthal anisotropy of J$/\psi$ at forward rapidity ($1.2<|\eta|<2.2$) in Au$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$ GeV at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The data were collected by the PHENIX experiment in 2014 and 2016 with integrated luminosity of 14.5~nb$^{-1}$. The second Fourier coefficient ($v_2$) of the azimuthal distribution of $J/\psi$ is determined as a function of the transverse momentum ($p_T$) using the event-plane method. The measurements were performed for several selections of collision centrality: 0\%--50\%, 10\%--60\%, and 10\%-40\%. We find that in all cases the values of $v_2(p_T)$, which quantify the elliptic flow of J$/\psi$, are consistent with zero. The results are consistent with measurements at midrapidity, indicating no significant elliptic flow of the J$/\psi$ within the quark-gluon-plasma medium at collision energies of $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$ GeV., Comment: 369 authors from 72 institutions, 12 pages, 7 figures, 5 tables. v1 is version submitted to Physical Review C. HEPdata tables for the points plotted in figures for this and previous PHENIX publications are (or will be) publicly available at http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.html
Published: 2024

14. Measurements at forward rapidity of elliptic flow of charged hadrons and open-heavy-flavor muons in Au$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$ GeV

Author: PHENIX Collaboration, Abdulameer, N. J., Acharya, U., Adare, A., Aidala, C., Ajitanand, N. N., Akiba, Y., Alfred, M., Antsupov, S., Aoki, K., Apadula, N., Asano, H., Ayuso, C., Azmoun, B., Babintsev, V., Bai, M., Bandara, N. S., Bannier, B., Bannikov, E., Barish, K. N., Bathe, S., Bazilevsky, A., Beaumier, M., Beckman, S., Belmont, R., Berdnikov, A., Berdnikov, Y., Bichon, L., Blankenship, B., Blau, D. S., Boer, M., Bok, J. S., Borisov, V., Boyle, K., Brooks, M. L., Bryslawskyj, J., Bumazhnov, V., Butler, C., Campbell, S., Roman, V. Canoa, Chen, C. -H., Chen, D., Chiu, M., Chi, C. Y., Choi, I. J., Choi, J. B., Chujo, T., Citron, Z., Connors, M., Corliss, R., Csanád, M., Csörgő, T., Liu, L. D., Danley, T. W., Datta, A., Daugherity, M. S., David, G., DeBlasio, K., Dehmelt, K., Denisov, A., Deshpande, A., Desmond, E. J., Dion, A., Diss, P. B., Doomra, V., Do, J. H., Drees, A., Drees, K. A., Dumancic, M., Durham, J. M., Durum, A., Elder, T., Enokizono, A., Esha, R., Fadem, B., Fan, W., Feege, N., Fields, D. E., Finger, Jr., M., Finger, M., Firak, D., Fitzgerald, D., Fokin, S. L., Frantz, J. E., Franz, A., Frawley, A. D., Fukuda, Y., Gallus, P., Gal, C., Garg, P., Ge, H., Giordano, F., Glenn, A., Goto, Y., Grau, N., Greene, S. V., Perdekamp, M. Grosse, Gunji, T., Guo, T., Hachiya, T., Haggerty, J. S., Hahn, K. I., Hamagaki, H., Hamilton, H. F., Hanks, J., Han, S. Y., Hasegawa, S., Haseler, T. O. S., Hashimoto, K., Hemmick, T. K., He, X., Hill, J. C., Hill, K., Hodges, A., Hollis, R. S., Homma, K., Hong, B., Hoshino, T., Hotvedt, N., Huang, J., Imai, K., Imrek, J., Inaba, M., Iordanova, A., Isenhower, D., Ito, Y., Ivanishchev, D., Jacak, B., Jezghani, M., Jiang, X., Ji, Z., Johnson, B. M., Jorjadze, V., Jouan, D., Jumper, D. S., Kanda, S., Kang, J. H., Kapukchyan, D., Karthas, S., Kawall, D., Kazantsev, A. V., Key, J. A., Khachatryan, V., Khanzadeev, A., Kimelman, B., Kim, C., Kim, D. J., Kim, E. -J., Kim, G. W., Kim, M., Kim, M. H., Kincses, D., Kistenev, E., Kitamura, R., Klatsky, J., Kleinjan, D., Kline, P., Koblesky, T., Komkov, B., Kotov, D., Kovacs, L., Kudo, S., Kurita, K., Kurosawa, M., Kwon, Y., Lajoie, J. G., Lallow, E. O., Lebedev, A., Lee, S., Lee, S. H., Leitch, M. J., Leung, Y. H., Lewis, N. A., Lim, S. H., Liu, M. X., Li, X., Loggins, V. -R., Lökös, S., Loomis, D. A., Lynch, D., Majoros, T., Makdisi, Y. I., Makek, M., Malaev, M., Manion, A., Manko, V. I., Mannel, E., Masuda, H., McCumber, M., McGaughey, P. L., McGlinchey, D., McKinney, C., Meles, A., Mendoza, M., Mignerey, A. C., Mihalik, D. E., Milov, A., Mishra, D. K., Mitchell, J. T., Mitrankova, M., Mitrankov, Iu., Mitsuka, G., Miyasaka, S., Mizuno, S., Mohanty, A. K., Montuenga, P., Moon, T., Morrison, D. P., Morrow, S. I., Moukhanova, T. V., Mulilo, B., Murakami, T., Murata, J., Mwai, A., Nagai, K., Nagashima, K., Nagashima, T., Nagle, J. L., Nagy, M. I., Nakagawa, I., Nakagomi, H., Nakano, K., Nattrass, C., Netrakanti, P. K., Niida, T., Nishimura, S., Nouicer, R., Novitzky, N., Novotny, R., Novák, T., Nukazuka, G., Nyanin, A. S., O'Brien, E., Ogilvie, C. A., Koop, J. D. Orjuela, Orosz, M., Osborn, J. D., Oskarsson, A., Ozawa, K., Pak, R., Pantuev, V., Papavassiliou, V., Park, J. S., Park, S., Patel, M., Pate, S. F., Peng, J. -C., Peng, W., Perepelitsa, D. V., Perera, G. D. N., Peressounko, D. Yu., PerezLara, C. E., Perry, J., Petti, R., Phipps, M., Pinkenburg, C., Pinson, R., Pisani, R. P., Potekhin, M., Pun, A., Purschke, M. L., Rak, J., Ramson, B. J., Ravinovich, I., Read, K. F., Reynolds, D., Riabov, V., Riabov, Y., Richford, D., Rinn, T., Rolnick, S. D., Rosati, M., Rowan, Z., Rubin, J. G., Runchey, J., Sahlmueller, B., Saito, N., Sakaguchi, T., Sako, H., Samsonov, V., Sarsour, M., Sato, K., Sato, S., Schaefer, B., Schmoll, B. K., Sedgwick, K., Seidl, R., Seleznev, A., Sen, A., Seto, R., Sett, P., Sexton, A., Sharma, D., Shein, I., Shibata, T. -A., Shigaki, K., Shimomura, M., Shukla, P., Sickles, A., Silva, C. L., Silvermyr, D., Singh, B. K., Singh, C. P., Singh, V., Slunečka, M., Smith, K. L., Snowball, M., Soltz, R. A., Sondheim, W. E., Sorensen, S. P., Sourikova, I. V., Stankus, P. W., Stepanov, M., Stoll, S. P., Sugitate, T., Sukhanov, A., Sumita, T., Sun, J., Sun, Z., Syed, S., Sziklai, J., Takeda, A., Taketani, A., Tanida, K., Tannenbaum, M. J., Tarafdar, S., Taranenko, A., Tarnai, G., Tieulent, R., Timilsina, A., Todoroki, T., Tomášek, M., Towell, C. L., Towell, R., Towell, R. S., Tserruya, I., Ueda, Y., Ujvari, B., van Hecke, H. W., Vazquez-Carson, S., Velkovska, J., Virius, M., Vrba, V., Wang, X. R., Wang, Z., Watanabe, Y., Watanabe, Y. S., Wei, F., White, A. S., Wong, C. P., Woody, C. L., Wysocki, M., Xia, B., Xue, L., Xu, C., Xu, Q., Yalcin, S., Yamaguchi, Y. L., Yanovich, A., Yin, P., Yoon, I., Yoo, J. H., Yushmanov, I. E., Yu, H., Zajc, W. A., Zelenski, A., Zhou, S., and Zou, L.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: We present the first forward-rapidity measurements of elliptic anisotropy of open-heavy-flavor muons at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The measurements are based on data samples of Au$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$ GeV collected by the PHENIX experiment in 2014 and 2016 with integrated luminosity of 14.5~nb$^{-1}$. The measurements are performed in the pseudorapidity range $1.2<|\eta|<2$ and cover transverse momenta $1
Published: 2024

15. Closing the reproducibility gap: 2D materials research

Author: Bøggild, Peter, Booth, Timothy John, Lassaline, Nolan, Jessen, Bjarke Sørensen, Shivayogimath, Abhay, Hofmann, Stephan, Daasbjerg, Kim, Smith, Anders, Nørgaard, Kasper, Zurutuza, Amaia, Asselberghs, Inge, Barkan, Terrance, Taboryski, Rafael, and Pollard, Andrew J.
Subjects: Physics - Physics and Society, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Physics - Applied Physics, Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability
Abstract: 2D materials research has reached significant scientific milestones, accompanied by a rapidly growing industrial sector in the two decades since the field's inception. Such rapid progress requires pushing past the boundary of what is technically and scientifically feasible and carries the risk of disseminating irreproducible research results. This Expert Recommendation addresses the need for enhanced reproducibility in 2D materials science and physics. Through a comprehensive examination of the factors that affect reproducibility the authors present a set of concrete guidelines designed to improve the reliability of research results. The introduction of a Standardised Template for Experimental Procedures (STEP) offers a novel approach to documenting experimental details that are crucial for replication and troubleshooting. We emphasise the importance of involving stakeholders from research, industry, publishing, funding agencies, and policymaking to foster a culture of transparency, reliability, and trust without blind angles and critical oversights. By addressing systemic issues that hinder reproducibility and presenting actionable steps for improvement, we aim to pave the way for more robust research practices in 2D materials science, contributing to the field's scientific maturation and the subsequent development of beneficial technologies., Comment: 24 pages, 3 textboxes, 1 figure, 2 tables
Published: 2024

16. The long-term human capital and health impacts of a pollution reduction programme

Author: Fukushima, Nanna, von Hinke, Stephanie, and Sørensen, Emil N.
Subjects: Economics - General Economics
Abstract: This paper investigates the effects of the staggered roll-out of a pollution reduction programme introduced in the UK in the 1950s. The policy allowed local authorities to introduce so-called Smoke Control Areas (SCAs) which banned smoke emissions. We start by digitizing historical pollution data to show that the policy led to an immediate reduction in black smoke concentrations. We then merge data on the exact location, boundary and month of introduction of SCAs to individual-level outcomes in older age using individuals' year-month and location of birth. We show that exposure to the programme increased individuals' birth weights as well as height in adulthood. We find no impact on their years of education or fluid intelligence.
Published: 2024

17. Accurate Computation of the Logarithm of Modified Bessel Functions on GPUs

Author: Plesner, Andreas, Sørensen, Hans Henrik Brandenborg, and Hauberg, Søren
Subjects: Computer Science - Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing
Abstract: Bessel functions are critical in scientific computing for applications such as machine learning, protein structure modeling, and robotics. However, currently, available routines lack precision or fail for certain input ranges, such as when the order $v$ is large, and GPU-specific implementations are limited. We address the precision limitations of current numerical implementations while dramatically improving the runtime. We propose two novel algorithms for computing the logarithm of modified Bessel functions of the first and second kinds by computing intermediate values on a logarithmic scale. Our algorithms are robust and never have issues with underflows or overflows while having relative errors on the order of machine precision, even for inputs where existing libraries fail. In C++/CUDA, our algorithms have median and maximum speedups of 45x and 6150x for GPU and 17x and 3403x for CPU, respectively, over the ranges of inputs and third-party libraries tested. Compared to SciPy, the algorithms have median and maximum speedups of 77x and 300x for GPU and 35x and 98x for CPU, respectively, over the tested inputs. The ability to robustly compute a solution and the low relative errors allow us to fit von Mises-Fisher, vMF, distributions to high-dimensional neural network features. This is, e.g., relevant for uncertainty quantification in metric learning. We obtain image feature data by processing CIFAR10 training images with the convolutional layers of a pre-trained ResNet50. We successfully fit vMF distributions to 2048-, 8192-, and 32768-dimensional image feature data using our algorithms. Our approach provides fast and accurate results while existing implementations in SciPy and mpmath fail to fit successfully. Our approach is readily implementable on GPUs, and we provide a fast open-source implementation alongside this paper., Comment: Accepted at ICS 2024
Published: 2024
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18. Multiplicity dependent $J/\psi$ and $\psi(2S)$ production at forward and backward rapidity in $p$$+$$p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=200$ GeV

Author: PHENIX Collaboration, Abdulameer, N. J., Acharya, U., Aidala, C., Akiba, Y., Alfred, M., Andrieux, V., Antsupov, S., Apadula, N., Asano, H., Azmoun, B., Babintsev, V., Bandara, N. S., Bannikov, E., Barish, K. N., Bathe, S., Bazilevsky, A., Beaumier, M., Belmont, R., Berdnikov, A., Berdnikov, Y., Bichon, L., Blankenship, B., Blau, D. S., Bok, J. S., Borisov, V., Brooks, M. L., Bryslawskyj, J., Bumazhnov, V., Campbell, S., Cervantes, R., Chen, D., Chiu, M., Chi, C. Y., Choi, I. J., Choi, J. B., Citron, Z., Connors, M., Corliss, R., Cronin, N., Csanád, M., Csörgő, T., Danley, T. W., Daugherity, M. S., David, G., DeBlasio, K., Dehmelt, K., Denisov, A., Deshpande, A., Desmond, E. J., Dion, A., Dixit, D., Doomra, V., Do, J. H., Drees, A., Drees, K. A., Durham, J. M., Durum, A., En'yo, H., Enokizono, A., Esha, R., Fadem, B., Fan, W., Feege, N., Fields, D. E., Finger, Jr., M., Finger, M., Firak, D., Fitzgerald, D., Fokin, S. L., Frantz, J. E., Franz, A., Frawley, A. D., Fukuda, Y., Gallus, P., Gal, C., Garg, P., Ge, H., Giordano, F., Goto, Y., Grau, N., Greene, S. V., Perdekamp, M. Grosse, Gunji, T., Guo, T., Guragain, H., Hachiya, T., Haggerty, J. S., Hahn, K. I., Hamagaki, H., Hamilton, H. F., Hanks, J., Han, S. Y., Hasegawa, S., Haseler, T. O. S., Hemmick, T. K., He, X., Hill, J. C., Hill, K., Hodges, A., Hollis, R. S., Homma, K., Hong, B., Hoshino, T., Hotvedt, N., Huang, J., Imai, K., Inaba, M., Iordanova, A., Isenhower, D., Ivanishchev, D., Jacak, B., Jezghani, M., Jiang, X., Ji, Z., Johnson, B. M., Jouan, D., Jumper, D. S., Kang, J. H., Kapukchyan, D., Karthas, S., Kawall, D., Kazantsev, A. V., Khachatryan, V., Khanzadeev, A., Kim, C., Kim, E. -J., Kim, M., Kincses, D., Kistenev, E., Klatsky, J., Kline, P., Koblesky, T., Kotov, D., Kovacs, L., Kudo, S., Kurita, K., Kwon, Y., Lajoie, J. G., Lebedev, A., Lee, S., Leitch, M. J., Leung, Y. H., Lim, S. H., Liu, M. X., Li, X., Loggins, V. -R., Lökös, S., Loomis, D. A., Lovasz, K., Lynch, D., Majoros, T., Makdisi, Y. I., Makek, M., Manko, V. I., Mannel, E., McCumber, M., McGaughey, P. L., McGlinchey, D., McKinney, C., Mendoza, M., Mignerey, A. C., Milov, A., Mishra, D. K., Mitchell, J. T., Mitrankova, M., Mitrankov, Iu., Mitsuka, G., Miyasaka, S., Mizuno, S., Montuenga, P., Moon, T., Morrison, D. P., Mulilo, B., Murakami, T., Murata, J., Nagai, K., Nagashima, K., Nagashima, T., Nagle, J. L., Nagy, M. I., Nakagawa, I., Nakano, K., Nattrass, C., Niida, T., Nouicer, R., Novitzky, N., Novák, T., Nukazuka, G., Nyanin, A. S., O'Brien, E., Ogilvie, C. A., Koop, J. D. Orjuela, Orosz, M., Osborn, J. D., Oskarsson, A., Ottino, G. J., Ozawa, K., Pantuev, V., Papavassiliou, V., Park, J. S., Park, S., Patel, M., Pate, S. F., Perepelitsa, D. V., Perera, G. D. N., Peressounko, D. Yu., PerezLara, C. E., Perry, J., Petti, R., Phipps, M., Pinkenburg, C., Pisani, R. P., Potekhin, M., Purschke, M. L., Read, K. F., Reynolds, D., Riabov, V., Riabov, Y., Richford, D., Rinn, T., Rolnick, S. D., Rosati, M., Rowan, Z., Safonov, A. S., Sakaguchi, T., Sako, H., Samsonov, V., Sarsour, M., Sato, S., Schaefer, B., Schmoll, B. K., Sedgwick, K., Seidl, R., Seleznev, A., Sen, A., Seto, R., Sexton, A., Sharma, D., Shein, I., Shibata, T. -A., Shigaki, K., Shimomura, M., Shioya, T., Shukla, P., Sickles, A., Silva, C. L., Silvermyr, D., Singh, B. K., Singh, C. P., Singh, V., Slunečka, M., Smith, K. L., Snowball, M., Soltz, R. A., Sondheim, W. E., Sorensen, S. P., Sourikova, I. V., Stankus, P. W., Stoll, S. P., Sugitate, T., Sukhanov, A., Sumita, T., Sun, J., Sun, Z., Sziklai, J., Tanida, K., Tannenbaum, M. J., Tarafdar, S., Tarnai, G., Tieulent, R., Timilsina, A., Todoroki, T., Tomášek, M., Towell, C. L., Towell, R. S., Tserruya, I., Ueda, Y., Ujvari, B., van Hecke, H. W., Velkovska, J., Virius, M., Vrba, V., Vukman, N., Wang, X. R., Watanabe, Y. S., Woody, C. L., Xue, L., Xu, C., Xu, Q., Yalcin, S., Yamaguchi, Y. L., Yamamoto, H., Yanovich, A., Yoon, I., Yoo, J. H., Yushmanov, I. E., Yu, H., Zajc, W. A., Zelenski, A., and Zou, L.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The $J/\psi$ and $\psi(2S)$ charmonium states, composed of $c\bar{c}$ quark pairs and known since the 1970s, are widely believed to serve as ideal probes to test quantum chromodynamics in high-energy hadronic interactions. However, there is not yet a complete understanding of the charmonium-production mechanism. Recent measurements of $J/\psi$ production as a function of event charged-particle multiplicity at the collision energies of both the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) show enhanced $J/\psi$ production yields with increasing multiplicity. One potential explanation for this type of dependence is multiparton interactions (MPI). We carry out the first measurements of self-normalized $J/\psi$ yields and the $\psi(2S)$ to $J/\psi$ ratio at both forward and backward rapidities as a function of self-normalized charged-particle multiplicity in $p$$+$$p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=200$ GeV. In addition, detailed {\sc pythia} studies tuned to RHIC energies were performed to investigate the MPI impacts. We find that the PHENIX data at RHIC are consistent with recent LHC measurements and can only be described by {\sc pythia} calculations that include MPI effects. The forward and backward $\psi(2S)$ to $J/\psi$ ratio, which serves as a unique and powerful approach to study final-state effects on charmonium production, is found to be less dependent on the charged-particle multiplicity., Comment: 301 authors from 69 institutions, 8 pages, 3 figures. v1 is version submitted to Physical Review D Letters. HEPdata tables for the points plotted in figures for this and previous PHENIX publications are (or will be) publicly available at http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.html
Published: 2024

19. Periodic Pitman transforms and jointly invariant measures

Author: Corwin, Ivan, Gu, Yu, and Sorensen, Evan
Subjects: Mathematics - Probability
Abstract: We construct explicit jointly invariant measures for the periodic KPZ equation (and therefore also the stochastic Burgers' and stochastic heat equations) for general slope parameters and prove their uniqueness via a one force--one solution principle. The measures are given by polymer-like transforms of independent Brownian bridges. We describe several properties and limits of these measures, including an extension to a continuous process in the slope parameter that we term the periodic KPZ horizon. As an application of our construction, we prove a Gaussian process limit theorem with an explicit covariance function for the long-time height function fluctuations of the periodic KPZ equation when started from varying slopes. In connection with this, we conjecture a formula for the fluctuations of cumulants of the endpoint distribution for the periodic continuum directed random polymer. To prove joint invariance, we address the analogous problem for a semi-discrete system of SDEs related to the periodic O'Connell-Yor polymer model and then perform a scaling limit of the model and jointly invariant measures. For the semi-discrete system, we demonstrate a bijection that maps our systems of SDEs to another system with product invariant measure. Inverting the map on this product measure yields our invariant measures. This map relates to a periodic version of the discrete geometric Pitman transform that we introduce and probe. As a by-product of this, we show that the jointly invariant measures for a periodic version of the inverse-gamma polymer are the same as those for the O'Connell-Yor polymer., Comment: 104 pages, 12 figures
Published: 2024

20. A family of toroidal diffusions with exact likelihood inference

Author: García-Portugués, Eduardo and Sørensen, Michael
Subjects: Statistics - Methodology, 60J60, 62H11, 62M02
Abstract: We provide a class of diffusion processes for continuous time-varying multivariate angular data with explicit transition probability densities, enabling exact likelihood inference. The presented diffusions are time-reversible and can be constructed for any pre-specified stationary distribution on the torus, including highly-multimodal mixtures. We give results on asymptotic likelihood theory allowing one-sample inference and tests of linear hypotheses for $k$ groups of diffusions, including homogeneity. We show that exact and direct diffusion bridge simulation is possible too. A class of circular jump processes with similar properties is also proposed. Several numerical experiments illustrate the methodology for the circular and two-dimensional torus cases. The new family of diffusions is applied (i) to test several homogeneity hypotheses on the movement of ants and (ii) to simulate bridges between the three-dimensional backbones of two related proteins., Comment: 23 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables
Published: 2024

21. Mix Testing: Specifying and Testing ABI Compatibility of C/C++ Atomics Implementations

Author: Geeson, Luke, Brotherston, James, Dijkstra, Wilco, Donaldson, Alastair F., Smith, Lee, Sorensen, Tyler, and Wickerson, John
Subjects: Computer Science - Programming Languages, D.3.4, D.2.5
Abstract: The correctness of complex software depends on the correctness of both the source code and the compilers that generate corresponding binary code. Compilers must do more than preserve the semantics of a single source file: they must ensure that generated binaries can be composed with other binaries to form a final executable. The compatibility of composition is ensured using an Application Binary Interface (ABI), which specifies details of calling conventions, exception handling, and so on. Unfortunately, there are no official ABIs for concurrent programs, so different atomics mappings, although correct in isolation, may induce bugs when composed. Indeed, today, mixing binaries generated by different compilers can lead to an erroneous resulting binary. We present mix testing: a new technique designed to find compiler bugs when the instructions of a C/C++ test are separately compiled for multiple compatible architectures and then mixed together. We define a class of compiler bugs, coined mixing bugs, that arise when parts of a program are compiled separately using different mappings from C/C++ atomic operations to assembly sequences. To demonstrate the generality of mix testing, we have designed and implemented a tool, atomic-mixer, which we have used: (a) to reproduce one existing non-mixing bug that state-of-the-art concurrency testing tools are limited to being able to find (showing that atomic-mixer at least meets the capabilities of these tools), and (b) to find four previously-unknown mixing bugs in LLVM and GCC, and one prospective mixing bug in mappings proposed for the Java Virtual Machine. Lastly, we have worked with engineers at Arm to specify, for the first time, an atomics ABI for Armv8, and have used atomic-mixer to validate the LLVM and GCC compilers against it., Comment: 26 pages, Accepted to OOPSLA (Object-oriented Programming, Systems, Languages, and Applications) 2024
Published: 2024
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22. Preservice Augmentative and Alternative Communication Coursework across 311 Speech-Language Pathology Graduate Programs

Author: Brandon S. Eddy, Emily Sorensen, and Mariel Pinto
Abstract: Speech-language pathologists often report a lack of preparedness to provide augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) services, suggesting the need for improved graduate level training. Recent studies of AAC coursework offerings found 86% to 88% of programs offered AAC coursework, but these studies relied on survey methods with limited numbers of responses. This study examined AAC course offerings at 311 graduate programs using website and course catalog reviews, supplemented by direct contact with departments when dedicated AAC courses could not be found using online resources. Of these, 282 (90.68%) offered a dedicated AAC course, and 16 (5.14%) offered AAC in combination with another topic. Among those offering dedicated courses, semester credit hours varied from 0.67 to 4, they were primarily offered in the second year of the graduate program, and 235 (83.33%) required students to take the course. This study provides the most comprehensive review of AAC course offerings nationally to date with respect to sample size. Variation in AAC course design features across universities, such as course credit hours and the term the course is offered, may contribute to disparate preparedness. Further research in scholarship of teaching and learning for AAC coursework and preservice training is essential to improve preparedness to serve clients with AAC needs.
Published: 2024

23. Building Capacity with Digital Solutions: Texas School Mental Health Resource Database

Author: Region 14 Comprehensive Center, C. Sorensen, and J. Franke
Abstract: Over the past 4 years, the Region 14 Comprehensive Center (R14CC) has provided capacity-building support to the state education agencies (SEAs) in Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas via technical assistance (TA), a process through which R14CC designs and implements projects that build SEA capacity to carry out evidence-based policies and programs. In order to deliver solutions and empower SEAs by forging a sustainable digital landscape that serves them and their constituents long after their direct involvement, R14CC has implemented best practices from the fields of user-centered design, service design, user interface design, and user experience (UX) design as a TA tool. The following case study outlines how R14CC used the UX Design Roadmap to improve the inventory design of mental health resources across the state into an online, searchable, and interactive database.
Published: 2024

24. Toward Student and Staff Well-Being: Building School-Community Partnerships for Mental Health Supports and Services

Author: National Comprehensive Center (NCC), Westat, Inc., Nanmathi Manian, and Chelsea Sorensen
Abstract: Mental health and well-being significantly impact students' academic performance, social interactions, and school engagement. Partnering with communities can enhance the effectiveness and reach of mental health initiatives and supports within educational settings. By collaborating with community organizations and agencies, schools can augment resources and increase their capacity to effectively implement multi-tiered and comprehensive approaches. This action guide presents ways in which school-community partnerships can help implement key elements of mental health supports and services and offers action steps for schools, local educational agencies (LEAs) and state educational agencies (SEAs) to foster effective collaboration between schools and communities. Its aim is to inform and support school, community, LEA, and SEA leaders as they consider, develop, or implement partnerships as a strategy for providing equitable, high-quality mental health supports and services, focusing specifically on partnerships critical for implementing trauma-informed approaches and social and emotional learning (SEL) as well as supports for staff well-being.
Published: 2024

25. The Ungrading Learning Theory We Have Is Not the Ungrading Learning Theory We Need

Author: Clarissa Sorensen-Unruh
Abstract: Ungrading is an emancipatory pedagogy that focuses on evaluative assessment of learning. Self-regulated learning (SRL) has consistently been referred to as the learning theory that undergirds ungrading, but SRL--with its deficit frame in the literature and in practice--fails to uphold ungrading's emancipatory aims. An asset-framed learning theory--one that combines the cultural orientation of funds of knowledge with the power dynamics of community cultural wealth--is proposed as an alternative to SRL. The proposed learning theory aligns ungrading to its emancipatory aims and may provide an opportunity to better understand the learning that occurs in ungraded classrooms. Scholarly and practical impacts for Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM), and specifically biology, educational research and practice include investigating the plausibility of mixing learning theories, aligning learning theory to emancipatory aims and researching how faculty activate funds of knowledge and community cultural wealth, both individually and collectively, in ungraded STEM classrooms.
Published: 2024
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26. Two-neutrino double electron capture of $^{124}$Xe in the first LUX-ZEPLIN exposure

Author: Aalbers, J., Akerib, D. S., Musalhi, A. K. Al, Alder, F., Amarasinghe, C. S., Ames, A., Anderson, T. J., Angelides, N., Araújo, H. M., Armstrong, J. E., Arthurs, M., Baker, A., Balashov, S., Bang, J., Bargemann, J. W., Barillier, E. E., Beattie, K., Bhatti, A., Biekert, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Birch, H. J., Bishop, E., Blockinger, G. M., Boxer, B., Brew, C. A. J., Brás, P., Burdin, S., Buuck, M., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Carter, M., Chawla, A., Chen, H., Chin, Y. T., Chott, N. I., Converse, M. V., Coronel, R., Cottle, A., Cox, G., Curran, D., Dahl, C. E., David, A., Delgaudio, J., Dey, S., de Viveiros, L., Di Felice, L., Ding, C., Dobson, J. E. Y., Druszkiewicz, E., Dubey, S., Eriksen, S. R., Fan, A., Fearon, N. M., Fieldhouse, N., Fiorucci, S., Flaecher, H., Fraser, E. D., Fruth, T. M. A., Gaitskell, R. J., Geffre, A., Genovesi, J., Ghag, C., Gibbons, R., Gokhale, S., Green, J., van der Grinten, M. G. D., Haiston, J. J., Hall, C. R., Han, S., Hartigan-O'Connor, E., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hernandez, M. A., Hertel, S. A., Heuermann, G., Homenides, G. J., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Hunt, D., Jacquet, E., James, R. S., Johnson, J., Kaboth, A. C., Kamaha, A. C., Kannichankandy, M., Khaitan, D., Khazov, A., Khurana, I., Kim, J., Kim, Y. D., Kingston, J., Kirk, R., Kodroff, D., Korley, L., Korolkova, E. V., Kraus, H., Kravitz, S., Kreczko, L., Kudryavtsev, V. A., Leonard, D. S., Lesko, K. T., Levy, C., Lin, J., Lindote, A., Lippincott, W. H., Lopes, M. I., Lorenzon, W., Lu, C., Luitz, S., Majewski, P. A., Manalaysay, A., Mannino, R. L., Maupin, C., McCarthy, M. E., McDowell, G., McKinsey, D. N., McLaughlin, J., McLaughlin, J. B., McMonigle, R., Mizrachi, E., Monte, A., Monzani, M. E., Morrison, E., Mount, B. J., Murdy, M., Murphy, A. St. J., Naylor, A., Nelson, H. N., Neves, F., Nguyen, A., O'Brien, C. L., Olcina, I., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Orpwood, J., Oyulmaz, K. Y, Palladino, K. J., Palmer, J., Pannifer, N. J., Parveen, N., Patton, S. J., Penning, B., Pereira, G., Perry, E., Pershing, T., Piepke, A., Qie, Y., Reichenbacher, J., Rhyne, C. A., Riffard, Q., Rischbieter, G. R. C., Ritchey, E., Riyat, H. S., Rosero, R., Rushton, T., Rynders, D., Santone, D., Sazzad, A. B. M. R., Schnee, R. W., Sehr, G., Shafer, B., Shaw, S., Shutt, T., Silk, J. J., Silva, C., Sinev, G., Siniscalco, J., Smith, R., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Soria, J., Stevens, A., Stifter, K., Suerfu, B., Sumner, T. J., Szydagis, M., Tiedt, D. R., Timalsina, M., Tong, Z., Tovey, D. R., Tranter, J., Trask, M., Tripathi, M., Vacheret, A., Vaitkus, A. C., Valentino, O., Velan, V., Wang, A., Wang, J. J., Wang, Y., Watson, J. R., Weeldreyer, L., Whitis, T. J., Wild, K., Williams, M., Wisniewski, W. J., Wolf, L., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woodford, S., Woodward, D., Wright, C. J., Xia, Q., Xu, J., Xu, Y., Yeh, M., Yeum, D., Zha, W., and Zweig, E. A.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The broad physics reach of the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment covers rare phenomena beyond the direct detection of dark matter. We report precise measurements of the extremely rare decay of $^{124}$Xe through the process of two-neutrino double electron capture (2$\nu$2EC), utilizing a $1.39\,\mathrm{kg} \times \mathrm{yr}$ isotopic exposure from the first LZ science run. A half-life of $T_{1/2}^{2\nu2\mathrm{EC}} = (1.09 \pm 0.14_{\text{stat}} \pm 0.05_{\text{sys}}) \times 10^{22}\,\mathrm{yr}$ is observed with a statistical significance of $8.3\,\sigma$, in agreement with literature. First empirical measurements of the KK capture fraction relative to other K-shell modes were conducted, and demonstrate consistency with respect to recent signal models at the $1.4\,\sigma$ level., Comment: 15 pages, 3 figures
Published: 2024

27. Likelihood estimation for stochastic differential equations with mixed effects

Author: Baltazar-Larios, Fernando, Bladt, Mogens, and Sørensen, Michael
Subjects: Statistics - Methodology, 62M05
Abstract: Stochastic differential equations provide a powerful tool for modelling dynamic phenomena affected by random noise. In case of repeated observations of time series for several experimental units, it is often the case that some of the parameters vary between the individual experimental units, which has motivated a considerable interest in stochastic differential equations with mixed effects, where a subset of the parameters are random. These models enable simultaneous representation of randomness in the dynamics and variability between experimental units. When the data are observations at discrete time points, the likelihood function is only rarely explicitly available, so for likelihood-based inference to be feasible, numerical methods are needed. We present Gibbs samplers and stochastic EM-algorithms based on augmented data obtained by the simple method for simulation of diffusion bridges in Bladt and S{\o}rensen (2014). This method is easy to implement and has no tuning parameters. The method is, moreover, computationally efficient at low sampling frequencies because the computing time increases linearly with the time between observations. The algorithms can be extended to models with measurement errors. The Gibbs sampler as well as the EM-algorithm are shown to simplify considerably for exponential families of diffusion processes, including many models used in practice. In a simulation study, the estimation methods are shown to work well for Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes and t-diffusions with mixed effects. Finally, the Gibbs sampler is applied to neuronal data.
Published: 2024

28. Measurement of inclusive jet cross section and substructure in $p$$+$$p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$ GeV

Author: PHENIX Collaboration, Abdulameer, N. J., Acharya, U., Aidala, C., Ajitanand, N. N., Akiba, Y., Akimoto, R., Alexander, J., Alfred, M., Andrieux, V., Antsupov, S., Aoki, K., Apadula, N., Asano, H., Atomssa, E. T., Awes, T. C., Azmoun, B., Babintsev, V., Bai, M., Bai, X., Bandara, N. S., Bannier, B., Bannikov, E., Barish, K. N., Bathe, S., Baublis, V., Baumann, C., Baumgart, S., Bazilevsky, A., Beaumier, M., Belmont, R., Berdnikov, A., Berdnikov, Y., Bichon, L., Black, D., Blankenship, B., Blau, D. S., Bok, J. S., Borisov, V., Boyle, K., Brooks, M. L., Bryslawskyj, J., Buesching, H., Bumazhnov, V., Butsyk, S., Campbell, S., Cervantes, R., Chen, C. -H., Chen, D., Chiu, M., Chi, C. Y., Choi, I. J., Choi, J. B., Choi, S., Christiansen, P., Chujo, T., Cianciolo, V., Citron, Z., Cole, B. A., Connors, M., Corliss, R., Cronin, N., Crossette, N., Csanád, M., Csörgő, T., D'Orazio, L., Danley, T. W., Datta, A., Daugherity, M. S., David, G., DeBlasio, K., Dehmelt, K., Denisov, A., Deshpande, A., Desmond, E. J., Ding, L., Dion, A., Dixit, D., Doomra, V., Do, J. H., Drapier, O., Drees, A., Drees, K. A., Durham, J. M., Durum, A., En'yo, H., Engelmore, T., Enokizono, A., Esha, R., Eyser, K. O., Fadem, B., Fan, W., Feege, N., Fields, D. E., Finger, Jr., M., Finger, M., Firak, D., Fitzgerald, D., Fleuret, F., Fokin, S. L., Frantz, J. E., Franz, A., Frawley, A. D., Fukao, Y., Fukuda, Y., Fusayasu, T., Gainey, K., Gallus, P., Gal, C., Garg, P., Garishvili, A., Garishvili, I., Ge, H., Giordano, F., Glenn, A., Gong, X., Gonin, M., Goto, Y., de Cassagnac, R. Granier, Grau, N., Greene, S. V., Perdekamp, M. Grosse, Gunji, T., Guo, T., Guragain, H., Gu, Y., Hachiya, T., Haggerty, J. S., Hahn, K. I., Hamagaki, H., Hamilton, H. F., Hanks, J., Han, S. Y., Hasegawa, S., Haseler, T. O. S., Hashimoto, K., Hayano, R., Hemmick, T. K., Hester, T., He, X., Hill, J. C., Hill, K., Hodges, A., Hollis, R. S., Homma, K., Hong, B., Hoshino, T., Hotvedt, N., Huang, J., Ichihara, T., Ikeda, Y., Imai, K., Imazu, Y., Inaba, M., Iordanova, A., Isenhower, D., Isinhue, A., Ivanishchev, D., Jeon, S. J., Jezghani, M., Jiang, X., Ji, Z., Johnson, B. M., Joo, K. S., Jouan, D., Jumper, D. S., Kamin, J., Kanda, S., Kang, B. H., Kang, J. H., Kang, J. S., Kapukchyan, D., Kapustinsky, J., Karthas, S., Kawall, D., Kazantsev, A. V., Key, J. A., Khachatryan, V., Khandai, P. K., Khanzadeev, A., Kijima, K. M., Kim, C., Kim, D. J., Kim, E. -J., Kim, M., Kim, Y. -J., Kim, Y. K., Kincses, D., Kistenev, E., Klatsky, J., Kleinjan, D., Kline, P., Koblesky, T., Kofarago, M., Komkov, B., Koster, J., Kotchetkov, D., Kotov, D., Kovacs, L., Krizek, F., Kudo, S., Kurita, K., Kurosawa, M., Kwon, Y., Lai, Y. S., Lajoie, J. G., Lebedev, A., Lee, D. M., Lee, G. H., Lee, J., Lee, K. B., Lee, K. S., Lee, S., Lee, S. H., Leitch, M. J., Leitgab, M., Leung, Y. H., Lewis, B., Lim, S. H., Liu, M. X., Li, X., Loggins, V. -R., Lokos, S., Loomis, D. A., Lovasz, K., Lynch, D., Maguire, C. F., Majoros, T., Makdisi, Y. I., Makek, M., Manion, A., Manko, V. I., Mannel, E., McCumber, M., McGaughey, P. L., McGlinchey, D., McKinney, C., Meles, A., Mendoza, M., Meredith, B., Miake, Y., Mibe, T., Mignerey, A. C., Milov, A., Mishra, D. K., Mitchell, J. T., Mitrankova, M., Mitrankov, Iu., Mitsuka, G., Miyasaka, S., Mizuno, S., Mohanty, A. K., Mohapatra, S., Montuenga, P., Moon, T., Morrison, D. P., Moskowitz, M., Moukhanova, T. V., Mulilo, B., Murakami, T., Murata, J., Mwai, A., Nagae, T., Nagai, K., Nagamiya, S., Nagashima, K., Nagashima, T., Nagle, J. L., Nagy, M. I., Nakagawa, I., Nakamiya, Y., Nakamura, K. R., Nakamura, T., Nakano, K., Nattrass, C., Netrakanti, P. K., Nihashi, M., Niida, T., Nouicer, R., Novitzky, N., Novák, T., Nukazuka, G., Nyanin, A. S., O'Brien, E., Ogilvie, C. A., Oide, H., Okada, K., Koop, J. D. Orjuela, Orosz, M., Osborn, J. D., Oskarsson, A., Ottino, G. J., Ozawa, K., Pak, R., Pantuev, V., Papavassiliou, V., Park, I. H., Park, J. S., Park, S., Park, S. K., Patel, L., Patel, M., Pate, S. F., Peng, J. -C., Perepelitsa, D. V., Perera, G. D. N., Peressounko, D. Yu., PerezLara, C. E., Perry, J., Petti, R., Phipps, M., Pinkenburg, C., Pisani, R. P., Potekhin, M., Purschke, M. L., Qu, H., Rak, J., Ravinovich, I., Read, K. F., Reynolds, D., Riabov, V., Riabov, Y., Richardson, E., Richford, D., Rinn, T., Riveli, N., Roach, D., Rolnick, S. D., Rosati, M., Rowan, Z., Ryu, M. S., Safonov, A. S., Sahlmueller, B., Saito, N., Sakaguchi, T., Sako, H., Samsonov, V., Sarsour, M., Sato, S., Sawada, S., Schaefer, B., Schmoll, B. K., Sedgwick, K., Seele, J., Seidl, R., Sekiguchi, Y., Seleznev, A., Sen, A., Seto, R., Sett, P., Sexton, A., Sharma, D., Shaver, A., Shein, I., Shibata, T. -A., Shigaki, K., Shimomura, M., Shioya, T., Shoji, K., Shukla, P., Sickles, A., Silva, C. L., Silvermyr, D., Singh, B. K., Singh, C. P., Singh, V., Skolnik, M., Slunečka, M., Smith, K. L., Snowball, M., Solano, S., Soltz, R. A., Sondheim, W. E., Sorensen, S. P., Sourikova, I. V., Stankus, P. W., Steinberg, P., Stenlund, E., Stepanov, M., Ster, A., Stoll, S. P., Stone, M. R., Sugitate, T., Sukhanov, A., Sumita, T., Sun, J., Sun, Z., Sziklai, J., Takahara, A., Taketani, A., Tanaka, Y., Tanida, K., Tannenbaum, M. J., Tarafdar, S., Taranenko, A., Tarnai, G., Tennant, E., Tieulent, R., Timilsina, A., Todoroki, T., Tomášek, M., Torii, H., Towell, C. L., Towell, R. S., Tserruya, I., Ueda, Y., Ujvari, B., van Hecke, H. W., Vargyas, M., Vazquez-Zambrano, E., Veicht, A., Velkovska, J., Virius, M., Vrba, V., Vukman, N., Vznuzdaev, E., Vértesi, R., Wang, X. R., Watanabe, D., Watanabe, K., Watanabe, Y., Watanabe, Y. S., Wei, F., Whitaker, S., Wolin, S., Woody, C. L., Wysocki, M., Xia, B., Xue, L., Xu, C., Xu, Q., Yalcin, S., Yamaguchi, Y. L., Yamamoto, H., Yanovich, A., Yokkaichi, S., Yoon, I., Yoo, J. H., Younus, I., You, Z., Yushmanov, I. E., Yu, H., Zajc, W. A., Zelenski, A., Zhou, S., and Zou, L.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The jet cross-section and jet-substructure observables in $p$$+$$p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=200$ GeV were measured by the PHENIX Collaboration at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). Jets are reconstructed from charged-particle tracks and electromagnetic-calorimeter clusters using the anti-$k_{t}$ algorithm with a jet radius $R=0.3$ for jets with transverse momentum within $8.0
Published: 2024

29. A soft-clamped topological waveguide for phonons

Author: Xi, Xiang, Chernobrovkin, Ilia, Košata, Jan, Kristensen, Mads B., Langman, Eric C., Sørensen, Anders S., Zilberberg, Oded, and Schliesser, Albert
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract: Topological insulators were originally discovered for electron waves in condensed matter systems. Recently this concept has been transferred to bosonic systems such as photons and phonons, which propagate in materials patterned with artificial lattices that emulate spin-Hall physics. This work has been motivated, in part, by the prospect of topologically protected transport along edge channels in on-chip circuits. Importantly, even in principle, topology protects propagation against backscattering, but not against loss, which has remained limited to the dB/cm-level for phonon waveguides, be they topological or not. Here, we combine advanced dissipation engineering, in particular the recently introduced method of soft-clamping, with the concept of a valley-Hall topological insulator for phonons. This enables on-chip phononic waveguides with propagation losses of 3 dB/km at room temperature, orders of magnitude below any previous chip-scale devices. For the first time, the low losses also allow us to accurately quantify backscattering protection in a topological phonon waveguide, using high-resolution ultrasound spectroscopy. We infer that phonons follow a sharp, 120 degree-bend with a 99.99%-probability instead of being scattered back, and less than one phonon in a million is lost. The extraordinary combination of features of this novel platform suggest applications in classical and quantum signal routing, processing, and storage., Comment: Main manuscript (16 pages, 4 figures) and supplementary information (19 pages, 10 figures)
Published: 2024

30. Model implementations of axion dark matter from kinetic misalignment

Author: Eröncel, Cem, Sato, Ryosuke, Servant, Géraldine, and Sørensen, Philip
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: The axion kinetic misalignment mechanism (KMM) opens the possibility of explaining dark matter for almost any axion mass and decay constant that are not accessible by the standard misalignment mechanism, in particular at low values of the axion decay constant (i.e. large coupling). This is a new opportunity for most axion experiments which could be sensitive to dark matter and probe new regimes of axion cosmology. We scrutinise UV completions that lead to the KMM mechanism. These mainly rely on the early dynamics of the axion partner, the radial mode of the complex scalar field, from which the axion inherits kinetic energy. The damping of the radial-mode energy density is then a necessary ingredient. We study in detail thermal damping from interactions in the plasma. A minimal and rather natural implementation consists of a KSVZ-type model with a nearly-quadratic potential for the radial mode extended by U(1)-breaking higher-dimensional operators. Furthermore, we study Higgs portal interactions as an alternative damping mechanism and improve upon previously proposed implementations based on quartic potentials. These implementations can lead to the QCD axion being dark matter and in the reach of IAXO, while MADMAX, IAXO and ALPS II can be sensitive to a generic Axion-Like-Particle (ALP) as dark matter. Such models typically feature a kination era. We also show that ALP dark matter from KMM points to a particular realization of inflation., Comment: 51 pages, 21 figures (main text without references) + 47 pages, 25 figures (appendices)
Published: 2024

31. Axion production via trapped misalignment from Peccei-Quinn symmetry breaking

Author: Di Luzio, Luca and Sørensen, Philip
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: The Peccei-Quinn (PQ) symmetry does not need to be exact, and even a tiny source of PQ breaking not aligned with the QCD anomaly might have significant phenomenological implications. In this study, we examine the effects of a general class of PQ-breaking operators on the axion cosmological production via misalignment, focussing on both temperature-dependent and independent PQ-breaking potentials. In particular, we show that a variant of the trapped misalignment mechanism can delay the onset of axion oscillation, leading to an axion dark matter window with $m_a \gg 10^{-5}$ eV. This scenario is testable through various experimental approaches, including standard axion haloscopes and helioscopes, as well as searches for electric dipole moments and axion-mediated forces., Comment: 22 pages, 4 figures
Published: 2024

32. A probabilistic framework for learning non-intrusive corrections to long-time climate simulations from short-time training data

Author: Sorensen, Benedikt Barthel, Zepeda-Núñez, Leonardo, Lopez-Gomez, Ignacio, Wan, Zhong Yi, Carver, Rob, Sha, Fei, and Sapsis, Themistoklis
Subjects: Computer Science - Machine Learning, Mathematics - Dynamical Systems, Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Physics - Fluid Dynamics
Abstract: Chaotic systems, such as turbulent flows, are ubiquitous in science and engineering. However, their study remains a challenge due to the large range scales, and the strong interaction with other, often not fully understood, physics. As a consequence, the spatiotemporal resolution required for accurate simulation of these systems is typically computationally infeasible, particularly for applications of long-term risk assessment, such as the quantification of extreme weather risk due to climate change. While data-driven modeling offers some promise of alleviating these obstacles, the scarcity of high-quality simulations results in limited available data to train such models, which is often compounded by the lack of stability for long-horizon simulations. As such, the computational, algorithmic, and data restrictions generally imply that the probability of rare extreme events is not accurately captured. In this work we present a general strategy for training neural network models to non-intrusively correct under-resolved long-time simulations of chaotic systems. The approach is based on training a post-processing correction operator on under-resolved simulations nudged towards a high-fidelity reference. This enables us to learn the dynamics of the underlying system directly, which allows us to use very little training data, even when the statistics thereof are far from converged. Additionally, through the use of probabilistic network architectures we are able to leverage the uncertainty due to the limited training data to further improve extrapolation capabilities. We apply our framework to severely under-resolved simulations of quasi-geostrophic flow and demonstrate its ability to accurately predict the anisotropic statistics over time horizons more than 30 times longer than the data seen in training.
Published: 2024

33. Thermal conductivity in modified oxide glasses is governed by modal phase changes

Author: Rasmussen, Philip and Sørensen, Søren Strandskov
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Disordered Systems and Neural Networks
Abstract: The thermal conductivity of glasses is well-known to be significantly harder to theoretically describe compared to crystalline materials. Because of this fact, the fundamental understanding of thermal conductivity in glasses remain extremely poor when moving beyond the case of simple glasses, e.g., glassy SiO$_2$, and into so-called 'modified' oxide glasses, that is, glasses where other oxides (e.g. alkali oxides) have been added to break up the network and alter e.g. elastic and thermal properties. This lack of knowledge is apparent despite how modified glasses comprise the far majority of known glasses. In the present work we study an archetypical series of sodium silicate ($x\text{Na}_2\text{O}\text{-}(100\text{-}x)\text{SiO}_2$) glasses. Analyses of modal contributions reveal how increasing Na$_2$O content induces increasing vibrational localization with a change of vibrations to be less ordered, and a related general decrease in modal contributions to thermal conductivity. We find the vibrational phases (acoustic vs. optical) of sodium vibrations to be relatively disordered compared to the network-forming silicon and oxygen species, explaining how increasing Na$_2$O content decreases thermal conductivity. Our work sheds new light on the fundamentals of glassy heat transfer as well as the interplay between thermal conduction and modal characteristics in glasses., Comment: The following article has been submitted to The Journal of Chemical Physics
Published: 2024

34. Open-Source CubeSat Solar Panels: Design, Assembly, Testing, and On-Orbit Demonstration

Author: Sorensen, Nicholas J. and Halliwell, Erik F.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Cube satellites, or CubeSats, are small satellites commonly used to perform Earth imaging and on-orbit scientific experiments. CubeSats are often powered using expensive, inflexible commercial-off-the-shelf solar panels, largely due to a lack of flight-qualified open-source alternatives. Here, we describe the design of customizable, deployable solar panels, offering an open-source, cost-effective alternative. Towards a fully open-source CubeSat, our designs have mission-tailored power generation capabilities and simple electrical and mechanical integration. The solar panel designs were demonstrated on-orbit on three satellites in the Northern SPIRIT constellation and will be on AlbertaSat's Ex-Alta~3 satellite, which will launch in 2025. The design files, assembly procedures, and best practices will be open-source-published online. This work lowers the barrier of entry into space, making satellite design easier and less expensive -- students helping students design better satellites., Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures, presented at the 2024 SmallSat Conference in Logan, Utah, USA
Published: 2024

35. Breadth-first graph traversal union-find decoder

Author: Löbl, Matthias C., Chen, Susan X., Paesani, Stefano, and Sørensen, Anders S.
Subjects: Quantum Physics
Abstract: Fast decoding algorithms are decisive for real-time quantum error correction and for analyzing properties of error correction codes. Here, we develop variants of the union-find decoder that simplify its implementation and provide potential decoding speed advantages. Furthermore, we show how these methods can be adapted to decode non-topological quantum low-density-parity-check (qLDPC) codes. All the developed decoders can directly include both qubit erasures and Pauli errors in the decoding step, thus addressing the dominant noise mechanisms for photonic quantum computing. We investigate the strengths and weaknesses of the different decoder variants, benchmark their speed and threshold error rates on several codes, and provide the used source code.
Published: 2024

36. Axion Window on New Macroscopic Forces

Author: Di Luzio, Luca, Gisbert, Hector, Nesti, Fabrizio, and Sørensen, Philip
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: Axion-mediated forces are enhanced by the presence of CP-violating axion couplings, which are however tightly constrained by electric dipole moment (EDM) searches. We discuss the underlying hypotheses behind different sources of CP violation at high energies and the interplay between axion-mediated force experiments and EDM observables. Specifically, we identify various mechanisms, based on new sources of CP violation or Peccei-Quinn symmetry breaking, that can significantly relax EDM constraints, leading to a substantial redefinition of the QCD axion window for axion-mediated forces. By considerably enlarging the QCD axion parameter space, our results provide a well-motivated target for experiments probing scalar axion couplings to matter fields. These include fifth-force tests of gravity, as well as searches for spin-dependent forces via precision magnetometry, proton storage rings and ultracold molecules., Comment: 8 pages, 1 figure, 1 appendix
Published: 2024

37. Spatio-temporal neural distance fields for conditional generative modeling of the heart

Author: Sørensen, Kristine, Diez, Paula, Margeta, Jan, Youssef, Yasmin El, Pham, Michael, Pedersen, Jonas Jalili, Kühl, Tobias, de Backer, Ole, Kofoed, Klaus, Camara, Oscar, and Paulsen, Rasmus
Subjects: Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Abstract: The rhythmic pumping motion of the heart stands as a cornerstone in life, as it circulates blood to the entire human body through a series of carefully timed contractions of the individual chambers. Changes in the size, shape and movement of the chambers can be important markers for cardiac disease and modeling this in relation to clinical demography or disease is therefore of interest. Existing methods for spatio-temporal modeling of the human heart require shape correspondence over time or suffer from large memory requirements, making it difficult to use for complex anatomies. We introduce a novel conditional generative model, where the shape and movement is modeled implicitly in the form of a spatio-temporal neural distance field and conditioned on clinical demography. The model is based on an auto-decoder architecture and aims to disentangle the individual variations from that related to the clinical demography. It is tested on the left atrium (including the left atrial appendage), where it outperforms current state-of-the-art methods for anatomical sequence completion and generates synthetic sequences that realistically mimics the shape and motion of the real left atrium. In practice, this means we can infer functional measurements from a static image, generate synthetic populations with specified demography or disease and investigate how non-imaging clinical data effect the shape and motion of cardiac anatomies., Comment: Accepted for MICCAI2024
Published: 2024

38. Centrality dependence of L\'evy-stable two-pion Bose-Einstein correlations in $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$ GeV Au$+$Au collisions

Author: PHENIX Collaboration, Abdulameer, N. J., Acharya, U., Adare, A., Aidala, C., Ajitanand, N. N., Akiba, Y., Akimoto, R., Al-Ta'ani, H., Alexander, J., Angerami, A., Aoki, K., Apadula, N., Aramaki, Y., Asano, H., Aschenauer, E. C., Atomssa, E. T., Awes, T. C., Azmoun, B., Babintsev, V., Bai, M., Bannier, B., Barish, K. N., Bassalleck, B., Bathe, S., Baublis, V., Baumgart, S., Bazilevsky, A., Belmont, R., Berdnikov, A., Berdnikov, Y., Bichon, L., Blankenship, B., Blau, D. S., Bok, J. S., Borisov, V., Boyle, K., Brooks, M. L., Buesching, H., Bumazhnov, V., Butsyk, S., Campbell, S., Castera, P., Chen, C. -H., Chen, D., Chiu, M., Chi, C. Y., Choi, I. J., Choi, J. B., Choi, S., Choudhury, R. K., Christiansen, P., Chujo, T., Chvala, O., Cianciolo, V., Citron, Z., Cole, B. A., Connors, M., Corliss, R., Csanád, M., Csörgő, T., D'Orazio, L., Dairaku, S., Datta, A., Daugherity, M. S., David, G., Denisov, A., Deshpande, A., Desmond, E. J., Dharmawardane, K. V., Dietzsch, O., Ding, L., Dion, A., Donadelli, M., Doomra, V., Drapier, O., Drees, A., Drees, K. A., Durham, J. M., Durum, A., Edwards, S., Efremenko, Y. V., Engelmore, T., Enokizono, A., Esha, R., Eyser, K. O., Fadem, B., Fields, D. E., Finger, Jr., M., Finger, M., Firak, D., Fitzgerald, D., Fleuret, F., Fokin, S. L., Frantz, J. E., Franz, A., Frawley, A. D., Fukao, Y., Fusayasu, T., Gainey, K., Gal, C., Garishvili, A., Garishvili, I., Glenn, A., Gong, X., Gonin, M., Goto, Y., de Cassagnac, R. Granier, Grau, N., Greene, S. V., Perdekamp, M. Grosse, Gunji, T., Guo, L., Guo, T., Gustafsson, H. -Å., Hachiya, T., Haggerty, J. S., Hahn, K. I., Hamagaki, H., Hanks, J., Hashimoto, K., Haslum, E., Hayano, R., Hemmick, T. K., Hester, T., He, X., Hill, J. C., Hodges, A., Hollis, R. S., Homma, K., Hong, B., Horaguchi, T., Hori, Y., Ichihara, T., Iinuma, H., Ikeda, Y., Imrek, J., Inaba, M., Iordanova, A., Isenhower, D., Issah, M., Ivanishchev, D., Jacak, B. V., Javani, M., Jiang, X., Ji, Z., Johnson, B. M., Joo, K. S., Jouan, D., Jumper, D. S., Kamin, J., Kaneti, S., Kang, B. H., Kang, J. H., Kang, J. S., Kapustinsky, J., Karatsu, K., Kasai, M., Kasza, G., Kawall, D., Kazantsev, A. V., Kempel, T., Khanzadeev, A., Kijima, K. M., Kim, B. I., Kim, C., Kim, D. J., Kim, E. -J., Kim, H. J., Kim, K. -B., Kim, Y. -J., Kim, Y. K., Kinney, E., Kiss, Á., Kistenev, E., Klatsky, J., Kleinjan, D., Kline, P., Komatsu, Y., Komkov, B., Koster, J., Kotchetkov, D., Kotov, D., Kovacs, L., Krizek, F., Král, A., Kunde, G. J., Kurgyis, B., Kurita, K., Kurosawa, M., Kwon, Y., Kyle, G. S., Lai, Y. S., Lajoie, J. G., Lebedev, A., Lee, B., Lee, D. M., Lee, J., Lee, K. B., Lee, K. S., Lee, S. H., Lee, S. R., Leitch, M. J., Leite, M. A. L., Leitgab, M., Lewis, B., Lim, S. H., Levy, L. A. Linden, Liu, M. X., Lökös, S., Loomis, D. A., Love, B., Maguire, C. F., Makdisi, Y. I., Makek, M., Manion, A., Manko, V. I., Mannel, E., Masumoto, S., McCumber, M., McGaughey, P. L., McGlinchey, D., McKinney, C., Mendoza, M., Meredith, B., Miake, Y., Mibe, T., Mignerey, A. C., Milov, A., Mishra, D. K., Mitchell, J. T., Mitrankova, M., Mitrankov, Iu., Miyachi, Y., Miyasaka, S., Mohanty, A. K., Mohapatra, S., Moon, H. J., Morrison, D. P., Motschwiller, S., Moukhanova, T. V., Mulilo, B., Murakami, T., Murata, J., Mwai, A., Nagae, T., Nagamiya, S., Nagle, J. L., Nagy, M. I., Nakagawa, I., Nakamiya, Y., Nakamura, K. R., Nakamura, T., Nakano, K., Nattrass, C., Nederlof, A., Nihashi, M., Nouicer, R., Novák, T., Novitzky, N., Nukazuka, G., Nyanin, A. S., O'Brien, E., Ogilvie, C. A., Okada, K., Orosz, M., Oskarsson, A., Ouchida, M., Ozawa, K., Pak, R., Pantuev, V., Papavassiliou, V., Park, B. H., Park, I. H., Park, J. S., Park, S., Park, S. K., Patel, L., Pate, S. F., Pei, H., Peng, J. -C., Pereira, H., Peressounko, D. Yu., Petti, R., Pinkenburg, C., Pisani, R. P., Potekhin, M., Proissl, M., Purschke, M. L., Qu, H., Rak, J., Ravinovich, I., Read, K. F., Reynolds, D., Riabov, V., Riabov, Y., Richardson, E., Richford, D., Roach, D., Roche, G., Rolnick, S. D., Rosati, M., Sahlmueller, B., Saito, N., Sakaguchi, T., Samsonov, V., Sano, M., Sarsour, M., Sawada, S., Sedgwick, K., Seidl, R., Sen, A., Seto, R., Sharma, D., Shein, I., Shibata, T. -A., Shigaki, K., Shimomura, M., Shoji, K., Shukla, P., Sickles, A., Silva, C. L., Silvermyr, D., Sim, K. S., Singh, B. K., Singh, C. P., Singh, V., Slunečka, M., Smith, K. L., Soltz, R. A., Sondheim, W. E., Sorensen, S. P., Sourikova, I. V., Stankus, P. W., Stenlund, E., Stepanov, M., Ster, A., Stoll, S. P., Sugitate, T., Sukhanov, A., Sun, J., Sun, Z., Sziklai, J., Takagui, E. M., Takahara, A., Taketani, A., Tanaka, Y., Taneja, S., Tanida, K., Tannenbaum, M. J., Tarafdar, S., Taranenko, A., Tennant, E., Themann, H., Todoroki, T., Tomášek, L., Tomášek, M., Torii, H., Towell, R. S., Tserruya, I., Tsuchimoto, Y., Tsuji, T., Ujvari, B., Vale, C., van Hecke, H. W., Vargyas, M., Vazquez-Zambrano, E., Veicht, A., Velkovska, J., Virius, M., Vossen, A., Vrba, V., Vznuzdaev, E., Vértesi, R., Wang, X. R., Watanabe, D., Watanabe, K., Watanabe, Y., Watanabe, Y. S., Wei, F., Wei, R., White, S. N., Winter, D., Wolin, S., Woody, C. L., Wysocki, M., Xia, B., Yamaguchi, Y. L., Yang, R., Yanovich, A., Ying, J., Yokkaichi, S., Younus, I., You, Z., Yushmanov, I. E., Zajc, W. A., and Zelenski, A.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The PHENIX experiment measured the centrality dependence of two-pion Bose-Einstein correlation functions in $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$~GeV Au$+$Au collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory. The data are well represented by L\'evy-stable source distributions. The extracted source parameters are the correlation-strength parameter $\lambda$, the L\'evy index of stability $\alpha$, and the L\'evy-scale parameter $R$ as a function of transverse mass $m_T$ and centrality. The $\lambda(m_T)$ parameter is constant at larger values of $m_T$, but decreases as $m_T$ decreases. The L\'evy scale parameter $R(m_T)$ decreases with $m_T$ and exhibits proportionality to the length scale of the nuclear overlap region. The L\'evy exponent $\alpha(m_T)$ is independent of $m_T$ within uncertainties in each investigated centrality bin, but shows a clear centrality dependence. At all centralities, the L\'evy exponent $\alpha$ is significantly different from that of Gaussian ($\alpha=2$) or Cauchy ($\alpha=1$) source distributions. Comparisons to the predictions of Monte-Carlo simulations of resonance-decay chains show that in all but the most peripheral centrality class (50%-60%), the obtained results are inconsistent with the measurements, unless a significant reduction of the in-medium mass of the $\eta'$ meson is included. In each centrality class, the best value of the in-medium $\eta'$ mass is compared to the mass of the $\eta$ meson, as well as to several theoretical predictions that consider restoration of $U_A(1)$ symmetry in hot hadronic matter., Comment: 401 authors from 75 institutions, 20 pages, 15 figures, 2 tables. v1 is version submitted to Physical Review C. HEPdata tables for the points plotted in figures for this and previous PHENIX publications are (or will be) publicly available at http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.html
Published: 2024

39. Analysis of Full-scale Riser Responses in Field Conditions Based on Gaussian Mixture Model

Author: Wu, Jie, Eidnes, Sølve, Jin, Jingzhe, Lie, Halvor, Yin, Decao, Passano, Elizabeth, Sævik, Svein, and Riemer-Sorensen, Signe
Subjects: Statistics - Applications, Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics
Abstract: Offshore slender marine structures experience complex and combined load conditions from waves, current and vessel motions that may result in both wave frequency and vortex shedding response patterns. Field measurements often consist of records of environmental conditions and riser responses, typically with 30-minute intervals. These data can be represented in a high-dimensional parameter space. However, it is difficult to visualize and understand the structural responses, as they are affected by many of these parameters. It becomes easier to identify trends and key parameters if the measurements with the same characteristics can be grouped together. Cluster analysis is an unsupervised learning method, which groups the data based on their relative distance, density of the data space, intervals, or statistical distributions. In the present study, a Gaussian mixture model guided by domain knowledge has been applied to analyze field measurements. Using the 242 measurement events of the Helland-Hansen riser, it is demonstrated that riser responses can be grouped into 12 clusters by the identification of key environmental parameters. This results in an improved understanding of complex structure responses. Furthermore, the cluster results are valuable for evaluating the riser response prediction accuracy., Comment: Matches accepted version
Published: 2024
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40. Testing Topological Data Analysis for Condition Monitoring of Wind Turbines

Author: Casolo, Simone, Stasik, Alexander, Zhang, Zhenyou, and Riemer-Sorensen, Signe
Subjects: Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Systems and Control
Abstract: We present an investigation of how topological data analysis (TDA) can be applied to condition-based monitoring (CBM) of wind turbines for energy generation. TDA is a branch of data analysis focusing on extracting meaningful information from complex datasets by analyzing their structure in state space and computing their underlying topological features. By representing data in a high-dimensional state space, TDA enables the identification of patterns, anomalies, and trends in the data that may not be apparent through traditional signal processing methods. For this study, wind turbine data was acquired from a wind park in Norway via standard vibration sensors at different locations of the turbine's gearbox. Both the vibration acceleration data and its frequency spectra were recorded at infrequent intervals for a few seconds at high frequency and failure events were labelled as either gear-tooth or ball-bearing failures. The data processing and analysis are based on a pipeline where the time series data is first split into intervals and then transformed into multi-dimensional point clouds via a time-delay embedding. The shape of the point cloud is analyzed with topological methods such as persistent homology to generate topology-based key health indicators based on Betti numbers, information entropy and signal persistence. Such indicators are tested for CBM and diagnosis (fault detection) to identify faults in wind turbines and classify them accordingly. Topological indicators are shown to be an interesting alternative for failure identification and diagnosis of operational failures in wind turbines., Comment: To be published in the proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Prognostics and Health Management Society Style 2024
Published: 2024

41. The unpaved road towards efficient selective breeding in insects for food and feed

Author: Hansen, Laura Skrubbeltrang, Laursen, Stine Frey, Bahrndorff, Simon, Sørensen, Jesper Givskov, Sahana, Goutam, Kristensen, Torsten Nygaard, and Nielsen, Hanne Marie
Subjects: Quantitative Biology - Other Quantitative Biology
Abstract: Insect production for food and feed presents a promising supplement to ensure food safety and address the adverse impacts of agriculture on climate and environment in the future. However, optimisation is required for insect production to realise its full potential. This can be by targeted improvement of traits of interest through selective breeding, an approach which has so far been underexplored and underutilised in insect farming. Here we present a comprehensive review of the selective breeding framework in the context of insect production. We systematically evaluate adjustments of selective breeding techniques to the realm of insects and highlight the essential components integral to the breeding process. The discussion covers every step of a conventional breeding scheme, such as formulation of breeding objectives, phenotyping, estimation of genetic parameters and breeding values, selection of appropriate breeding strategies, and mitigation of issues associated with genetic diversity depletion and inbreeding. This review combines knowledge from diverse disciplines, bridging the gap between animal breeding, quantitative genetics, evolutionary biology, and entomology, offering an integrated view of the insect breeding research area and uniting knowledge which has previously remained scattered across diverse fields of expertise.
Published: 2024
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42. Deterministic generation of concatenated graph codes from quantum emitters

Author: Pettersson, Love A., Sørensen, Anders S., and Paesani, Stefano
Subjects: Quantum Physics
Abstract: Photon loss is the dominant noise mechanism in photonic quantum technologies. Designing fault-tolerant schemes with high tolerance to loss is thus a central challenge in scaling photonic quantum information processors. Concatenation of a fault-tolerant construction with a code able to efficiently correct loss is a promising approach to achieve this, but practical ways to implement code concatenation with photons have been lacking. We propose schemes for generating concatenated graph codes using multi-photon emission from two quantum emitters or a single quantum emitter coupled to a memory; capabilities available in several photonic platforms. We show that these schemes enable fault-tolerant fusion-based quantum computation in practical regimes with high photon loss and standard fusion gates without the need for auxiliary photons.
Published: 2024

43. Modular Pluralism: Pluralistic Alignment via Multi-LLM Collaboration

Author: Feng, Shangbin, Sorensen, Taylor, Liu, Yuhan, Fisher, Jillian, Park, Chan Young, Choi, Yejin, and Tsvetkov, Yulia
Subjects: Computer Science - Computation and Language
Abstract: While existing alignment paradigms have been integral in developing large language models (LLMs), LLMs often learn an averaged human preference and struggle to model diverse preferences across cultures, demographics, and communities. We propose Modular Pluralism, a modular framework based on multi-LLM collaboration for pluralistic alignment: it "plugs into" a base LLM a pool of smaller but specialized community LMs, where models collaborate in distinct modes to flexibility support three modes of pluralism: Overton, steerable, and distributional. Modular Pluralism is uniquely compatible with black-box LLMs and offers the modular control of adding new community LMs for previously underrepresented communities. We evaluate Modular Pluralism with six tasks and four datasets featuring questions/instructions with value-laden and perspective-informed responses. Extensive experiments demonstrate that Modular Pluralism advances the three pluralism objectives across six black-box and open-source LLMs. Further analysis reveals that LLMs are generally faithful to the inputs from smaller community LLMs, allowing seamless patching by adding a new community LM to better cover previously underrepresented communities., Comment: EMNLP 2024
Published: 2024

44. BaSeNet: A Learning-based Mobile Manipulator Base Pose Sequence Planning for Pickup Tasks

Author: Naik, Lakshadeep, Kalkan, Sinan, Sørensen, Sune L., Kjærgaard, Mikkel B., and Krüger, Norbert
Subjects: Computer Science - Robotics
Abstract: In many applications, a mobile manipulator robot is required to grasp a set of objects distributed in space. This may not be feasible from a single base pose and the robot must plan the sequence of base poses for grasping all objects, minimizing the total navigation and grasping time. This is a Combinatorial Optimization problem that can be solved using exact methods, which provide optimal solutions but are computationally expensive, or approximate methods, which offer computationally efficient but sub-optimal solutions. Recent studies have shown that learning-based methods can solve Combinatorial Optimization problems, providing near-optimal and computationally efficient solutions. In this work, we present BASENET - a learning-based approach to plan the sequence of base poses for the robot to grasp all the objects in the scene. We propose a Reinforcement Learning based solution that learns the base poses for grasping individual objects and the sequence in which the objects should be grasped to minimize the total navigation and grasping costs using Layered Learning. As the problem has a varying number of states and actions, we represent states and actions as a graph and use Graph Neural Networks for learning. We show that the proposed method can produce comparable solutions to exact and approximate methods with significantly less computation time., Comment: Submitted to IROS 2024
Published: 2024

45. Jet modification via $\pi^0$-hadron correlations in Au$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$ GeV

Author: PHENIX Collaboration, Abdulameer, N. J., Acharya, U., Adare, A., Afanasiev, S., Aidala, C., Ajitanand, N. N., Akiba, Y., Al-Bataineh, H., Alexander, J., Alfred, M., Aoki, K., Apadula, N., Aphecetche, L., Asai, J., Asano, H., Atomssa, E. T., Averbeck, R., Awes, T. C., Azmoun, B., Babintsev, V., Bai, M., Baksay, G., Baksay, L., Baldisseri, A., Bandara, N. S., Bannier, B., Barish, K. N., Barnes, P. D., Bassalleck, B., Basye, A. T., Bathe, S., Batsouli, S., Baublis, V., Baumann, C., Bazilevsky, A., Beaumier, M., Beckman, S., Belikov, S., Belmont, R., Bennett, R., Berdnikov, A., Berdnikov, Y., Bichon, L., Bickley, A. A., Blankenship, B., Blau, D. S., Boissevain, J. G., Bok, J. S., Borel, H., Borisov, V., Boyle, K., Brooks, M. L., Bryslawskyj, J., Buesching, H., Bumazhnov, V., Bunce, G., Butsyk, S., Camacho, C. M., Campbell, S., Chang, B. S., Chang, W. C., Charvet, J. L., Chen, C. -H., Chen, D., Chernichenko, S., Chiu, M., Chi, C. Y., Choi, I. J., Choi, J. B., Choudhury, R. K., Chujo, T., Chung, P., Churyn, A., Cianciolo, V., Citron, Z., Cole, B. A., Connors, M., Constantin, P., Corliss, R., Csanád, M., Csörgő, T., d'Enterria, D., Dahms, T., Dairaku, S., Danley, T. W., Das, K., Datta, A., Daugherity, M. S., David, G., DeBlasio, K., Dehmelt, K., Denisov, A., Deshpande, A., Desmond, E. J., Dietzsch, O., Dion, A., Diss, P. B., Donadelli, M., Doomra, V., Do, J. H., Drapier, O., Drees, A., Drees, K. A., Dubey, A. K., Durham, J. M., Durum, A., Dutta, D., Dzhordzhadze, V., Efremenko, Y. V., Ellinghaus, F., En'yo, H., Engelmore, T., Enokizono, A., Esha, R., Eyser, K. O., Fadem, B., Feege, N., Fields, D. E., Finger, Jr., M., Finger, M., Firak, D., Fitzgerald, D., Fleuret, F., Fokin, S. L., Fraenkel, Z., Frantz, J. E., Franz, A., Frawley, A. D., Fujiwara, K., Fukao, Y., Fusayasu, T., Gallus, P., Gal, C., Garg, P., Garishvili, I., Ge, H., Giordano, F., Glenn, A., Gong, H., Gonin, M., Gosset, J., Goto, Y., de Cassagnac, R. Granier, Grau, N., Greene, S. V., Perdekamp, M. Grosse, Gunji, T., Guo, T., Gustafsson, H. -Å., Hachiya, T., Henni, A. Hadj, Haggerty, J. S., Hahn, K. I., Hamagaki, H., Hamilton, H. F., Hanks, J., Han, R., Han, S. Y., Hartouni, E. P., Haruna, K., Hasegawa, S., Haseler, T. O. S., Hashimoto, K., Haslum, E., Hayano, R., Heffner, M., Hemmick, T. K., Hester, T., He, X., Hill, J. C., Hodges, A., Hohlmann, M., Hollis, R. S., Holzmann, W., Homma, K., Hong, B., Horaguchi, T., Hornback, D., Hoshino, T., Hotvedt, N., Huang, J., Ichihara, T., Ichimiya, R., Iinuma, H., Ikeda, Y., Imai, K., Imrek, J., Inaba, M., Iordanova, A., Isenhower, D., Ishihara, M., Isobe, T., Issah, M., Isupov, A., Ivanishchev, D., Jacak, B. V., Jezghani, M., Jiang, X., Jin, J., Ji, Z., Johnson, B. M., Joo, K. S., Jouan, D., Jumper, D. S., Kajihara, F., Kametani, S., Kamihara, N., Kamin, J., Kanda, S., Kang, J. H., Kapustinsky, J., Kawall, D., Kazantsev, A. V., Kempel, T., Key, J. A., Khachatryan, V., Khanzadeev, A., Kijima, K. M., Kikuchi, J., Kimelman, B., Kim, B. I., Kim, C., Kim, D. H., Kim, D. J., Kim, E., Kim, E. -J., Kim, G. W., Kim, M., Kim, S. H., Kinney, E., Kiriluk, K., Kiss, Á., Kistenev, E., Kitamura, R., Klatsky, J., Klay, J., Klein-Boesing, C., Kleinjan, D., Kline, P., Koblesky, T., Kochenda, L., Komkov, B., Konno, M., Koster, J., Kotov, D., Kovacs, L., Kozlov, A., Kravitz, A., Král, A., Kunde, G. J., Kurgyis, B., Kurita, K., Kurosawa, M., Kweon, M. J., Kwon, Y., Kyle, G. S., Lai, Y. S., Lajoie, J. G., Layton, D., Lebedev, A., Lee, D. M., Lee, K. B., Lee, S., Lee, S. H., Lee, T., Leitch, M. J., Leite, M. A. L., Lenzi, B., Liebing, P., Lim, S. H., Litvinenko, A., Liu, H., Liu, M. X., Liška, T., Li, X., Lokos, S., Loomis, D. A., Love, B., Lynch, D., Maguire, C. F., Makdisi, Y. I., Makek, M., Malakhov, A., Malik, M. D., Manion, A., Manko, V. I., Mannel, E., Mao, Y., Masui, H., Matathias, F., Mašek, L., McCumber, M., McGaughey, P. L., McGlinchey, D., McKinney, C., Means, N., Meles, A., Mendoza, M., Meredith, B., Miake, Y., Mignerey, A. C., Mikeš, P., Miki, K., Milov, A., Mishra, D. K., Mishra, M., Mitchell, J. T., Mitrankova, M., Mitrankov, Iu., Miyasaka, S., Mizuno, S., Mohanty, A. K., Montuenga, P., Moon, T., Morino, Y., Morreale, A., Morrison, D. P., Moukhanova, T. V., Mukhopadhyay, D., Mulilo, B., Murakami, T., Murata, J., Mwai, A., Nagamiya, S., Nagashima, K., Nagle, J. L., Naglis, M., Nagy, M. I., Nakagawa, I., Nakagomi, H., Nakamiya, Y., Nakamura, T., Nakano, K., Nattrass, C., Netrakanti, P. K., Newby, J., Nguyen, M., Niida, T., Nishimura, S., Nouicer, R., Novitzky, N., Novák, T., Nukazuka, G., Nyanin, A. S., O'Brien, E., Oda, S. X., Ogilvie, C. A., Okada, K., Oka, M., Onuki, Y., Koop, J. D. Orjuela, Orosz, M., Osborn, J. D., Oskarsson, A., Ouchida, M., Ozawa, K., Pak, R., Palounek, A. P. T., Pantuev, V., Papavassiliou, V., Park, J., Park, J. S., Park, S., Park, W. J., Patel, M., Pate, S. F., Pei, H., Peng, J. -C., Pereira, H., Perepelitsa, D. V., Perera, G. D. N., Peresedov, V., Peressounko, D. Yu., Perry, J., Petti, R., Pinkenburg, C., Pinson, R., Pisani, R. P., Potekhin, M., Purschke, M. L., Purwar, A. K., Qu, H., Rakotozafindrabe, A., Rak, J., Ramson, B. J., Ravinovich, I., Read, K. F., Rembeczki, S., Reygers, K., Reynolds, D., Riabov, V., Riabov, Y., Richford, D., Rinn, T., Roach, D., Roche, G., Rolnick, S. D., Rosati, M., Rosendahl, S. S. E., Rosnet, P., Rowan, Z., Rubin, J. G., Rukoyatkin, P., Ružička, P., Rykov, V. L., Sahlmueller, B., Saito, N., Sakaguchi, T., Sakai, S., Sakashita, K., Sako, H., Samsonov, V., Sarsour, M., Sato, S., Sato, T., Sawada, S., Schaefer, B., Schmoll, B. K., Sedgwick, K., Seele, J., Seidl, R., Semenov, A. Yu., Semenov, V., Sen, A., Seto, R., Sett, P., Sexton, A., Sharma, D., Shein, I., Shibata, T. -A., Shigaki, K., Shimomura, M., Shoji, K., Shukla, P., Sickles, A., Silva, C. L., Silvermyr, D., Silvestre, C., Sim, K. S., Singh, B. K., Singh, C. P., Singh, V., Slunečka, M., Smith, K. L., Snowball, M., Soldatov, A., Soltz, R. A., Sondheim, W. E., Sorensen, S. P., Sourikova, I. V., Staley, F., Stankus, P. W., Stenlund, E., Stepanov, M., Ster, A., Stoll, S. P., Sugitate, T., Suire, C., Sukhanov, A., Sumita, T., Sun, J., Sun, Z., Sziklai, J., Takagui, E. M., Taketani, A., Tanabe, R., Tanaka, Y., Tanida, K., Tannenbaum, M. J., Tarafdar, S., Taranenko, A., Tarján, P., Themann, H., Thomas, T. L., Tieulent, R., Timilsina, A., Todoroki, T., Togawa, M., Toia, A., Tomita, Y., Tomášek, L., Tomášek, M., Torii, H., Towell, C. L., Towell, R., Towell, R. S., Tram, V-N., Tserruya, I., Tsuchimoto, Y., Ujvari, B., Vale, C., Valle, H., van Hecke, H. W., Veicht, A., Velkovska, J., Vinogradov, A. A., Virius, M., Vrba, V., Vznuzdaev, E., Vértesi, R., Wang, X. R., Watanabe, Y., Watanabe, Y. S., Wei, F., Wessels, J., White, A. S., White, S. N., Winter, D., Wong, C. P., Woody, C. L., Wysocki, M., Xia, B., Xie, W., Xue, L., Yalcin, S., Yamaguchi, Y. L., Yamaura, K., Yang, R., Yanovich, A., Ying, J., Yokkaichi, S., Yoon, I., Yoo, J. H., Young, G. R., Younus, I., Yushmanov, I. E., Yu, H., Zajc, W. A., Zaudtke, O., Zelenski, A., Zhang, C., Zhou, S., Zolin, L., and Zou, L.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: High-momentum two-particle correlations are a useful tool for studying jet-quenching effects in the quark-gluon plasma. Angular correlations between neutral-pion triggers and charged hadrons with transverse momenta in the range 4--12~GeV/$c$ and 0.5--7~GeV/$c$, respectively, have been measured by the PHENIX experiment in 2014 for Au$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$~GeV. Suppression is observed in the yield of high-momentum jet fragments opposite the trigger particle, which indicates jet suppression stemming from in-medium partonic energy loss, while enhancement is observed for low-momentum particles. The ratio and differences between the yield in Au$+$Au collisions and $p$$+$$p$ collisions, $I_{AA}$ and $\Delta_{AA}$, as a function of the trigger-hadron azimuthal separation, $\Delta\phi$, are measured for the first time at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. These results better quantify how the yield of low-$p_T$ associated hadrons is enhanced at wide angle, which is crucial for studying energy loss as well as medium-response effects., Comment: 535 authors from 84 institutions, 12 pages, 8 figures. v2 is version accepted for publication in Physical Review C. HEPdata tables for the points plotted in figures for this and previous PHENIX publications are (or will be) publicly available at http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.html
Published: 2024
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46. Viscous shock fluctuations in KPZ

Author: Dunlap, Alexander and Sorensen, Evan
Subjects: Mathematics - Probability
Abstract: We study ``V-shaped'' solutions to the KPZ equation, those having opposite asymptotic slopes $\theta$ and $-\theta$, with $\theta>0$, at positive and negative infinity, respectively. Answering a question of Janjigian, Rassoul-Agha, and Sepp\"al\"ainen, we show that the spatial increments of V-shaped solutions cannot be statistically stationary in time. This completes the classification of statistically time-stationary spatial increments for the KPZ equation by ruling out the last case left by those authors. To show that these V-shaped time-stationary measures do not exist, we study the location of the corresponding ``viscous shock,'' which, roughly speaking, is the location of the bottom of the V. We describe the limiting rescaled fluctuations, and in particular show that the fluctuations of the shock location are not tight, for both stationary and flat initial data. We also show that if the KPZ equation is started with V-shaped initial data, then the long-time limits of the time-averaged laws of the spatial increments of the solution are mixtures of the laws of the spatial increments of $x\mapsto B(x)+\theta x$ and $x\mapsto B(x)-\theta x$, where $B$ is a standard two-sided Brownian motion., Comment: 44 pages
Published: 2024

47. Calculating Bayesian evidence for inflationary models using CONNECT

Author: Sørensen, Camilla T. G., Hannestad, Steen, Nygaard, Andreas, and Tram, Thomas
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Theory
Abstract: Bayesian evidence is a standard method used for comparing the ability of different models to fit available data and is used extensively in cosmology. However, since the evidence calculation involves performing an integral of the likelihood function over the entire space of model parameters this can be prohibitively expensive in terms of both CPU and time consumption. For example, in the simplest $\Lambda$CDM model and using CMB data from the Planck satellite, the dimensionality of the model space is over 30 (typically 6 cosmological parameters and 28 nuisance parameters). Even the simplest possible model requires $\mathcal{O}(10^6)$ calls to an Einstein--Boltzmann solver such as CLASS or CAMB and takes several days. Here we present calculations of Bayesian evidence using the CONNECT framework to calculate cosmological observables. We demonstrate that we can achieve results comparable to those obtained using Einstein--Boltzmann solvers, but at a minute fraction of the computational cost. As a test case, we then go on to compute Bayesian evidence ratios for a selection of slow-roll inflationary models. In the setup presented here, the total computation time is completely dominated by the likelihood function calculation which now becomes the main bottleneck for increasing computation speed., Comment: 14 pages, 3 figures
Published: 2024

48. Probing the Scalar WIMP-Pion Coupling with the first LUX-ZEPLIN data

Author: Aalbers, J., Akerib, D. S., Musalhi, A. K. Al, Alder, F., Amarasinghe, C. S., Ames, A., Anderson, T. J., Angelides, N., Araújo, H. M., Armstrong, J. E., Arthurs, M., Baker, A., Balashov, S., Bang, J., Barillier, E. E., Bargemann, J. W., Beattie, K., Benson, T., Bhatti, A., Biekert, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Birch, H. J., Bishop, E. J., Blockinger, G. M., Boxer, B., Brew, C. A. J., Brás, P., Burdin, S., Buuck, M., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Carter, M., Chawla, A., Chen, H., Cherwinka, J. J., Chin, Y. T., Chott, N. I., Converse, M. V., Cottle, A., Cox, G., Curran, D., Dahl, C. E., David, A., Delgaudio, J., Dey, S., deViveiros, L., DiFelice, L., Ding, C., Dobson, J. E. Y., Druszkiewicz, E., Eriksen, S. R., Fan, A., Fearon, N. M., Fiorucci, S., Flaecher, H., Fraser, E. D., Fruth, T. M. A., Gaitskell, R. J., Geffre, A., Genovesi, J., Ghag, C., Gibbons, R., Gokhale, S., Green, J., vanderGrinten, M. G. D., Haiston, J. J., Hall, C. R., Han, S., Hartigan-O'Connor, E., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hernandez, M. A., Hertel, S. A., Heuermann, G., Homenides, G. J., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Hunt, D., Jacquet, E., James, R. S., Johnson, J., Kaboth, A. C., Kamaha, A. C., Kannichankandy, M., Khaitan, D., Khazov, A., Khurana, I., DKim, J., Kim, J., Kingston, J., Kirk, R., Kodroff, D., Korley, L., Korolkova, E. V., Kraus, H., Kravitz, S., Kreczko, L., Kudryavtsev, V. A., Leonard, D. S., Lesko, K. T., Levy, C., Lin, J., Lindote, A., Linehan, R., Lippincott, W. H., Lopes, M. I., Lorenzon, W., Lu, C., Luitz, S., Majewski, P. A., Manalaysay, A., Mannino, R. L., Maupin, C., McCarthy, M. E., McDowell, G., McKinsey, D. N., McLaughlin, J., McLaughlin, J. B., McMonigle, R., Miller, E. H., Mizrachi, E., Monte, A., Monzani, M. E., Mendoza, J. D. Morales, Morrison, E., Mount, B. J., Murdy, M., Murphy, A. St. J., Naylor, A., Nelson, H. N., Neves, F., Nguyen, A., Nikoleyczik, J. A., Olcina, I., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Orpwood, J., Palladino, K. J., Palmer, J., Pannifer, N. J., Parveen, N., Patton, S. J., Penning, B., Pereira, G., Perry, E., Pershing, T., Piepke, A., Qie, Y., Reichenbacher, J., Rhyne, C. A., Riffard, Q., Rischbieter, G. R. C., Riyat, H. S., Rosero, R., Rushton, T., Rynders, D., Santone, D., Sazzad, A. B. M. R., Schnee, R. W., Shaw, S., Shutt, T., Silk, J. J., Silva, C., Sinev, G., Siniscalco, J., Smith, R., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Soria, J., Stancu, I., Stevens, A., Stifter, K., Suerfu, B., Sumner, T. J., Szydagis, M., Taylor, W. C., Tiedt, D. R., Timalsina, M., Tong, Z., Tovey, D. R., Tranter, J., Trask, M., Tripathi, M., Tronstad, D. R., Vacheret, A., Vaitkus, A. C., Valentino, O., Velan, V., Wang, A., Wang, J. J., Wang, Y., Watson, J. R., Webb, R. C., Weeldreyer, L., Whitis, T. J., Williams, M., Wisniewski, W. J., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woodford, S., Woodward, D., Wright, C. J., Xia, Q., Xiang, X., Xu, J., Yeh, M., and Zweig, E. A.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) may interact with a virtual pion that is exchanged between nucleons. This interaction channel is important to consider in models where the spin-independent isoscalar channel is suppressed. Using data from the first science run of the LUX-ZEPLIN dark matter experiment, containing 60 live days of data in a 5.5~tonne fiducial mass of liquid xenon, we report the results on a search for WIMP-pion interactions. We observe no significant excess and set an upper limit of $1.5\times10^{-46}$~cm$^2$ at a 90\% confidence level for a WIMP mass of 33~GeV/c$^2$ for this interaction.
Published: 2024
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49. Renovating Calculus through Interdisciplinary Partnerships Using the SUMMIT-P Model

Author: Dorée, Suzanne and Sorensen, Jody
Subjects: Mathematics - History and Overview
Abstract: This review paper highlights research findings from the authors' participation in the SUMMIT-P project, which studied how to build and sustain multi-institutional interdisciplinary partnerships to design and implement curricular change in mathematics courses in the first two years of college, using the Curriculum Foundations Project (CFP) as a launchpad. The CFP interviewed partner discipline faculty to learn about the mathematical needs of their students and how they use mathematics in their courses. This paper summarizes research findings from the CFP and the SUMMIT-P project, and presents a detailed example of how these findings were implemented in the calculus sequence at Augsburg University to improve course focus, increase the relevance of course content, and provide opportunities for student to practice transference of the calculus to disciplinary contexts. This paper is based on the talk "Applied and Active Calculus Built Through Interdisciplinary Partnerships" presented at the 2022 AWM Research Symposium in the Session on "Research on the First Two Years of College Mathematics".
Published: 2024

50. Locating the critical point for the hadron to quark-gluon plasma phase transition from finite-size scaling of proton cumulants in heavy-ion collisions

Author: Sorensen, Agnieszka and Sorensen, Paul
Subjects: Nuclear Theory, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: We perform a finite-size scaling analysis of net-proton number cumulants in Au+Au collisions at center-of-mass energies between $\sqrt{s_{\rm{NN}}} = 2.4$ GeV and 54.4 GeV to search for evidence of a critical point in the QCD phase diagram. In our analysis, we use both susceptibility and Binder cumulants which we extract from the second and fourth moments of the net-proton number distributions. We take measurements in different rapidity bin widths, corresponding to different subvolumes of the system, as probes of different length scales. We use model simulations to verify the applicability of this approach, then apply it to data and find evidence for a critical point near the baryon chemical potential of $\mu_{B} \approx 625$ MeV and temperature of $T \approx 140$ MeV. The Binder cumulants, also analyzed in varying rapidity bin widths, provide complementary evidence for a critical point in a similar region. This is the first analysis of experimental data to locate the critical point in a range consistent with theoretical predictions.
Published: 2024

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