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This study investigated the potential of chicken byproduct hydrolysates (CBH) characterized by a mixture of low-molecular-weight peptides (B. pinguin, BK: B. karatas, BRO: bromelain) on the histological and histopathological analysis of the liver and kidney in an MS-induced murine model. Methods: Thirty adult male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to six groups (n = 5): (1) standard diet (STD); (2) MS with a hypercaloric diet (MS + HC); (3) CBH-BP (200 mg/kg of body weight); (4) CBH-BK (200 mg/kg of body weight); (5) CBH-BRO (200 mg/kg of body weight); (6) carnosine (CAR) 50 mg/kg of body weight. Liver and kidney samples were processed by conventional hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) histological techniques, Masson’s trichrome stain (MTS), and the periodic acid–Schiff (PAS) histochemical method. A scoring scale was used for the histopathological evaluation with scores ranging from 0 (normal tissue) to 4 (severe damage). Results: CBHs demonstrated a significant therapeutic effect (p < 0.05) on hepatic and renal morphological alterations induced by MS. Hepatic scores for lipid inclusions, vascular congestion, and cellular alteration were all reduced to below two. Similarly, renal scores for tubular degeneration, vascular congestion, and dilation of Bowman’s space were also decreased to less than two. The therapeutic efficacy of CBHs was comparable to that of the positive control, CAR (β-alanyl-L-histidine). Conclusions: CBH-BP, CBH-BK, and CBH-BRO treatments reduced morphological alterations observed in liver and kidney tissues, which is relevant since from a histological and histopathological point of view, it allows us to understand at the cellular and tissue level the effects that these treatments can have on a living organism, indicating a potential to improve organ health in people with MS.

Abstract Aims Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are antineoplastic drugs designed to activate the immune system's response against cancer cells. Evidence suggests that they may lead to immune‐related adverse events, particularly when combined (e.g., anti‐CTLA‐4 plus anti‐PD‐1), sometimes resulting in severe conditions such as myocarditis. We aimed to investigate whether a previously sustained cardiac injury, such as pathological remodelling due to hypertension, is a prerequisite for ICI therapy‐induced myocarditis. Methods We evaluated the cardiotoxicity of ICIs in a hypertension (HTN) mouse model (C57BL/6). Weekly doses were administered up to day 21 after the first administration. Our analysis encompassed the following parameters: (i) survival and cardiac pathological remodelling, (ii) cardiac function assessed using pressure‐volume (PV)‐loops, with brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) serving as a marker of haemodynamic dysfunction and (iii) cardiac inflammation (cytokine levels, infiltration, and cardiac antigen autoantibodies). Results After the first administration of ICI combined therapy, the treated HTN group showed a 30% increased mortality (P = 0.0002) and earlier signs of hypertrophy and pathological remodelling compared with the untreated HTN group. BNP (P = 0.01) and TNF‐α (3), characterised by T cell infiltration and increased cardiac antigen antibodies (86% showed a titre of 1:160). The control group treated with ICI was unaffected in any evaluated feature. Conclusions Our findings indicate that pre‐existing sustained cardiac damage is a necessary condition for ICI‐induced myocarditis.

Abstract Hair graying, a prototypical sign of human aging, is a progressive loss of pigmentation from growing hair shafts caused by disease and as a side effect of medications. Cerebrolysin is a neuropeptide preparation that mimics the effect of endogenous neurotrophic factors. Cerebrolysin has been widely used in neurologic conditions, such as cerebral stroke, Alzheimer’s disease, and dementia, among others. Cerebrolysin treatment has achieved to regain or maintain the cognitive ability of affected patients; however, up to date, there are no reports about the reactivation of hair pigmentation. We describe a previously not described effect occurring on patients receiving Cerebrolysin treatment for neurologic diseases and whether this effect is associated in reactivation of melanocytes and melanin expression. Here, we report five patients (mean age, 70.6 years), who also had age-related hair graying and scalp hair repigmentation during Cerebrolysin treatment. Macroscopic analysis revealed hair repigmentation consisted in diffuse darkening of the scalp hair. Impregnation and immunostaining analysis were performed on scalp biopsies taken before and after Cerebrolysin treatment; the results showed greater melanin and melanocyte marker MART-1/Melan-A staining following Cerebrolysin treatment. We present, to our knowledge, the first report on hair repigmentation is a previously not described effect occurring following Cerebrolysin treatment.

Vernonia greggii belongs to the Asteraceae family, and some members of this family have been reported to possess anticancer properties. This study evaluated the antiproliferative effect of V. greggii methanol extract (ME), both in its free form and encapsulated into poly(lactic-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs), on human cervical cancer cells (HeLa) and human epidermal keratinocytes (HaCaT). The extract was subsequently sub-fractionated into n-hexane (F-He), methanol (F-Me), and distilled water (F-Ac) fractions, and their antiproliferative effects were assessed. Time-dependent toxicity on HeLa cells was observed for the free-form fractions, with the F-Me fraction showing the highest efficacy compared to the others. Additionally, an NP formulation based on PLGA and F-Me (NPs F-Me) was developed, achieving 64.21% encapsulation efficiency and 11.38% drug loading. The NPs had an average size of 146.9 nm, a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.103, and a ζ-potential of 23.3 mV. NPs F-Me were tested on HeLa and HaCaT cells, with toxicity observed at concentrations of 300 and 500 μg/mL, affecting tumor cell morphology. Furthermore, the hemolytic activity of F-Me and NPs F-Me was evaluated. The major bioactive compounds in the F-Me fraction were identified using Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS). These findings suggest that the F-Me fraction of V. greggii exerts an antineoplastic effect both in its free form and when encapsulated in nanoparticles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A key problem in colorectal cancer (CRC) is the development of resistance to current therapies due to the presence of cancer stem cells (CSC), which leads to poor prognosis. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a protein that activates apoptosis in cancer cells through union with TRAIL death receptors. Cell therapies as delivery systems can produce soluble TRAIL (sTRAIL) and full-length TRAIL (flTRAIL), showing a high capacity to produce apoptosis in vitro and in vivo assays. However, the apoptotic activity of TRAIL as monotherapy had limitations, so it is important to explore other ways to enhance susceptibility to TRAIL. This study evaluated the cytotoxic and proapoptotic activity of soluble TRAIL overexpressed by mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in an oxaliplatin-resistant CRC cell line. Bone marrow-MSC were lentiviral transduced for soluble TRAIL expression. DR5 death receptor expression was determined in Caco-2 and CMT-93 CRC cell lines. Sensitivity to first-line chemotherapies and recombinant TRAIL was evaluated by half-maximal inhibitory concentrations. Cytotoxic and proapoptotic activity of soluble TRAIL-MSC alone and combined with chemotherapy pre-treatment was evaluated using co-cultures. Caco-2 and CMT-93 cell lines expressed 59.08 ± 5.071 and 51.65 ± 11.99 of DR5 receptor and had IC50 of 534.15 ng/mL and 581.34 ng/mL for recombinant murine TRAIL (rmTRAIL), respectively. This finding was classified as moderate resistance to TRAIL. The Caco-2 cell line showed resistance to oxaliplatin and irinotecan. MSC successfully overexpressed soluble TRAIL and induced cancer cell death at a 1:6 ratio in co-culture. Oxaliplatin pre-treatment in the Caco-2 cell line increased the cell death percentage (50%) and apoptosis by sTRAIL. This finding was statistically different from the negative control (p < 0.05), and activity was even higher with the oxaliplatin–flTRAIL combination. Thus, oxaliplatin increases apoptotic activity induced by soluble TRAIL in a chemoresistant CRC cell line.

The production and consumption of poultry products (chicken, duck, and turkey) are continually growing throughout the world, leading to the generation of thousands of tons of organic by-products, which may be important sources of bioactive peptides. The bioactive peptides isolated from poultry by-products have biological properties that can be useful in the prevention of different metabolic diseases and hence, their consumption could be beneficial for human health. Such peptides can be used as nutraceuticals, and their inclusion as active components of functional food products is increasingly gaining attention. The aim of this review was to present the investigations of the biological effect of the peptides obtained from different poultry by-products and the possible mechanisms of action underlying these effects.

This study investigated the potential of chicken byproduct hydrolysates (CBH) characterized by a mixture of low-molecular-weight peptides (<1.35 kDa) and larger peptides (<17.5 kDa) as a treatment for metabolic syndrome (MS), from a histological and histopathological point of view. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of CBH obtained using plant proteases (BP: B. pinguin, BK: B. karatas, BRO: bromelain) on the histological and histopathological analysis of the liver and kidney in an MS-induced murine model. Methods: Thirty adult male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to six groups (n = 5): (1) standard diet (STD); (2) MS with a hypercaloric diet (MS + HC); (3) CBH-BP (200 mg/kg of body weight); (4) CBH-BK (200 mg/kg of body weight); (5) CBH-BRO (200 mg/kg of body weight); (6) carnosine (CAR) 50 mg/kg of body weight. Liver and kidney samples were processed by conventional hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) histological techniques, Masson's trichrome stain (MTS), and the periodic acid–Schiff (PAS) histochemical method. A scoring scale was used for the histopathological evaluation with scores ranging from 0 (normal tissue) to 4 (severe damage). Results: CBHs demonstrated a significant therapeutic effect (p < 0.05) on hepatic and renal morphological alterations induced by MS. Hepatic scores for lipid inclusions, vascular congestion, and cellular alteration were all reduced to below two. Similarly, renal scores for tubular degeneration, vascular congestion, and dilation of Bowman's space were also decreased to less than two. The therapeutic efficacy of CBHs was comparable to that of the positive control, CAR (β-alanyl-L-histidine). Conclusions: CBH-BP, CBH-BK, and CBH-BRO treatments reduced morphological alterations observed in liver and kidney tissues, which is relevant since from a histological and histopathological point of view, it allows us to understand at the cellular and tissue level the effects that these treatments can have on a living organism, indicating a potential to improve organ health in people with MS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El río Fuerte, a través de su cauce forma grandes ecosistemas que sirven de hábitat para especies de macrocrustáceos de agua dulce que son de importancia ecológica y económica en la zona norte del estado de Sinaloa, México. El objetivo de esta investigación es generar información acerca de la diversidad de macrocrustáceos y su distribución espacial en el río Fuerte, ya que no existe información publicada al respecto. Se establecieron cinco estaciones de muestreo (El Fuerte, San Blas, San Miguel, San José y Las Grullas) a lo largo de su cauce en función de la altitud (m s.n.m) y distancia entre las mismas, iniciando en el municipio de El Fuerte (EI) hasta su desembocadura en la población de Las Grullas (EV) del municipio de Ahome. La riqueza específica total fue de 12 taxa. Palémonidos y cambáridos fueron los taxa mejor representados. La diversidad (índice de Shannon-Wiener) fue mayor (H ́=0,92) respecto a otros ríos de México. El análisis de ordenación nMDS de Bray Curtis indicó que la comunidad se puede agrupar en tres grupos bien definidos. Macrobrachium tenellum y Potimirim glabra fueron las especies más abundantes. El sector Las Grullas tuvo el menor número de individuos, con presencia de especies como Litopenaeus vannamei y Callinectes arcuatus. Además, se registró la presencia de una especie exótica (Procambarus clarkii) y una no citada previamente para la zona (P. glabra).

Aims: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are antineoplastic drugs designed to activate the immune system's response against cancer cells. Evidence suggests that they may lead to immune‐related adverse events, particularly when combined (e.g., anti‐CTLA‐4 plus anti‐PD‐1), sometimes resulting in severe conditions such as myocarditis. We aimed to investigate whether a previously sustained cardiac injury, such as pathological remodelling due to hypertension, is a prerequisite for ICI therapy‐induced myocarditis. Methods: We evaluated the cardiotoxicity of ICIs in a hypertension (HTN) mouse model (C57BL/6). Weekly doses were administered up to day 21 after the first administration. Our analysis encompassed the following parameters: (i) survival and cardiac pathological remodelling, (ii) cardiac function assessed using pressure‐volume (PV)‐loops, with brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) serving as a marker of haemodynamic dysfunction and (iii) cardiac inflammation (cytokine levels, infiltration, and cardiac antigen autoantibodies). Results: After the first administration of ICI combined therapy, the treated HTN group showed a 30% increased mortality (P = 0.0002) and earlier signs of hypertrophy and pathological remodelling compared with the untreated HTN group. BNP (P = 0.01) and TNF‐α (<0.0001) increased 2.5‐ and 1.7‐fold, respectively, in the treated group, while IL‐6 (P = 0.8336) remained unchanged. Myocarditis only developed in the HTN group treated with ICIs on day 21 (score >3), characterised by T cell infiltration and increased cardiac antigen antibodies (86% showed a titre of 1:160). The control group treated with ICI was unaffected in any evaluated feature. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that pre‐existing sustained cardiac damage is a necessary condition for ICI‐induced myocarditis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Nutritional deficiencies are one of the main triggers for the development of gastrointestinal diseases, such as ulcerative colitis (UC). Therefore, the objective of the present work consisted of determining the nutrients present in the bone broth (BB) and evaluating their anti-inflammatory properties in a murine model of UC, induced by intrarectal administration of 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS), and acetic acid (AcOH). The BB was prepared from the femur of bovine cattle and cooked in distilled water for 8 h at 100 ± 2 °C. Materials and Methods: The BB was administered ad libitum to BALB/c mice for 10 days before the induction of UC. Colon samples were collected for histological analysis and determination of cytokine expression levels by qPCR. Results: It was found that amino acids (AA) are the main nutritional contribution of BB, 54.56% of these correspond to essential AA. The prophylactic administration of BB in the murine model of UC reduced histological damage, decreased the expression of IL-1β (61.12%), IL-6 (94.70%), and TNF-α (68.88%), and increased the expression of INF-γ (177.06%), IL-4 (541.36%), and IL-10 (531.97%). Conclusions: This study shows that BB has anti-inflammatory properties, and its consumption can decrease the symptoms of UC.

Acalypha monostachya (A. monostachya) is a plant that is used in traditional medicine as a cancer treatment; however, its effect has not been validated. In this study, the potential cytotoxic effects and morphological changes of A. monostachya were evaluated in human tumor cell lines. The aqueous (AE), methanolic (ME), and hexane (HE) extracts were obtained, and flavonoid-type phenolic compounds were detected, which indicates an antineoplastic effect. We observed a time-dependent and concentration-selective toxicity in human tumor cells. Additionally, the ME and HE showed the greatest cytotoxic effect at minimum concentrations compared to the AE, which showed this effect at the highest concentrations. All extracts induced significant morphological changes in tumor cells. The HeLa (cervix carcinoma) cells were more sensitive compared to the MDA-MB-231 (triple-negative breast cancer) cells. In conclusion, we demonstrated a cytotoxic in vitro effect of A. monostachya extracts in tumoral human cell lines. These results show the potential antineoplastic effects of A. monostachya in vitro. Hereafter, our lab team will continue working to usefully isolate and obtain the specific compounds of A. monostachya extracts with cytotoxic effects on tumor cells to find more alternatives for cancer treatment.

En este artículo se estima la probabilidad de incumplimiento para las firmas que tienen obligaciones contractuales con una entidad financiera colombiana entre 2009 y 2014. A través de un modelo logístico ordinal generalizado se encontró que la probabilidad de incumplimiento está asociada a las variables financieras liquidez, endeudamiento, rentabilidad y eficiencia. También se incorporó una variable de comportamiento, dos dicotómicas asociadas al tamaño de las firmas y una para el crecimiento económico del país. Además, se verificó el supuesto de líneas paralelas. Los resultados son previsibles y acordes con la teoría económica de riesgo.

Damage to cartilage causes a loss of type II collagen (Col-II) and glycosaminoglycans (GAG). To restore the original cartilage architecture, cell factors that stimulate Col-II and GAG production are needed. Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and transcription factor SOX9are essential for the synthesis of cartilage matrix, chondrocyte proliferation, and phenotype maintenance. We evaluated the combined effect of IGF-I and SOX9 transgene expression on Col-II and GAG production by cultured human articular chondrocytes. Transient transfection and cotransfection were performed using two mammalian expression plasmids (pCMV-SPORT6), one for each transgene. At day 9 post-transfection, the chondrocytes that were over-expressing IGF-I/SOX9 showed 2-fold increased mRNA expression of the Col-II gene, as well as a 57% increase in Col-II protein, whereas type I collagen expression (Col-I) was decreased by 59.3% compared with controls. The production of GAG by these cells increased significantly compared with the controls at day 9 (3.3- vs 1.8-times, an increase of almost 83%). Thus, IGF-I/SOX9 cotransfected chondrocytes may be useful for cell-based articular cartilage therapies.

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have emerged in recent years as a potential option for drug delivery, due to their high functionalization capacity. Biocompatibility and selectivity using tissue-specific biomolecules can optimize the specificity, pharmacokinetics and stability of the drug. In this study, we design, develop and characterize a drug nanovector (oxCNTs-HA-CPT) conjugating oxidated multi-wall carbon nanotubes (oxCNTs) with hyaluronate (HA) and carboplatin (CPT) as a treatment in a lung cancer model in vitro. Subsequently, we exposed TC−1 and NIH/3T3 cell lines to the nanovectors and measured cell uptake, cell viability, and oxidative stress induction. The characterization of oxCNTs-HA-CPT reveals that on their surface, they have HA. On the other hand, oxCNTs-HA-CPT were endocytosed in greater proportion by tumor cells than by fibroblasts, and likewise, the cytotoxic effect was significantly higher in tumor cells. These results show the therapeutic potential that nanovectors possess; however, future studies should be carried out to determine the death pathways involved, as well as their effect on in vivo models.

El presente artículo es un resultado preliminar de la investigación en curso "El orden mercantil: sus componentes epistemológicos e institucionales" investigación de tipo cualitativo que pretende ofrecer un acercamiento a las políticas de integración laboral de la mujer al mercado de trabajo. Aunque tradicionalmente la mujer había sido segregada a determinadas actividades no mercadeables como el hogar, y ciertos oficios, como el de maestra y enfermera, la historia del siglo XX deja ver la apertura de espacios que si bien no ofrecieron igualdad real hasta el final de la centuria, sí abrieron tímidamente espacios de participación a la mujer en su rol de trabajadora y su rol de madre.