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In today’s world man finds himself exposed to the temptations of (This entire sentence is not objective, scientific terminology) (These crimes are not limited to TODAY’s world, the perpetrator is not always a man, and evil is not a scientific subject to be included in a scholarly paper, it is subjective to individual beliefs and laws). A movement should have been augmented to fight against these (do not use dramatic subjective terms) societal crimes, which forms a sort of mental purge for those so inclined to take advantage of their positions of trust. Child abuse has historically been a common offence against children without sufficient social and legal sanctions throughout the world. To deal with child sexual abuse cases while treating the victims, it’s necessary to assess the patient’s psychiatric health. The victims were examined after obtaining informed consent from the child or from their guardian. Results The patient’s psychiatric health was determined by the Hamilton Scale for depression and anxiety. The total number of cases was 52. Of the 52 cases 33 patients (i.e. 63.5 % of the cases) consented to undergo medical examination. 19 victims (36.5%) did not give their consent for their medical examination. The mean Hamilton A score for anxiety was 19.39 and mean Hamilton D score for depression was 28.81. Conclusions When the accused is known to the victim most cases are associated with severe or very severe degree of depression; and moderate or severe anxiety. After completing a detail study of the violations of minor girls it is concluded that it would be beneficial for the global society to take initiatives to minimize the incidence of such acts.

Homicide is regarded as a notorious crime against the society that causes intentional killing, aggravatedassaults resulting in death. This brings a massive burden on national economies, law enforcement and lostproductivity. The present study highlighted the epidemiological profile of homicidal deaths which accounted(3.9%) of all unnatural deaths autopsied. Overall trend shows high male predominance with low economicbackground where illiteracy, poverty and other social circumstances play a considerable role. Homicidalrecords have their importance in interpretation of socio-economic implications and overall administrativeattributes on executing law and order in respect to time, place and conditions.

Diagnosis of Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is challenging for forensic experts. In the current scenario, genetic analysis is rapidly gaining interest in forensic science. Previous studies are not only limited to using protein markers. In this regard, analysis of mRNA is also a key feature. Analysing mRNA offers insight into the diseases and mechanisms leading to death. It can also be used for forensic diagnostic purposes. This review article takes the help of this methodology to discuss about those mRNA species that can aid in the process of sudden cardiac death (SCD) diagnosis. These are mRNA encoding Heat Shock Protein (HSP), mRNA encoding Hemoglobin A1/2 & B, mRNA encoding Pyruvate Dehydrogenase (PDK4), mRNAs encoding Connexin 43 (Cx43) & Zonula occludens-1 (ZO1), mRNA encoding TNNI3, MYL3, TGFB1, MMP9, VEGFA and mRNA expressing Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP).Owing to the difficulty of diagnosing SCD, molecular markers are often developed that can aid in the process. Nowadays, mRNA is showing promising usefulness to supplement the process. Keywords: Sudden Cardiac Death, forensic, gene expression

Introduction:Drowning is the 3rd leading cause of unintentional injury deaths.As drowning is a preventable cause of mortality, our aims for the benefit of society at large is to minimize the events as far as possible. Objective:A clear knowledge about factors which play a major role behind such incidences is important.It has equal forensic importance as determination of cause and manner of death require thorough investigation. Methodology: We conducted one-year study of demographic variables and the histopathological changes in relation to lung and splenic tissues in cases of drowning deaths, in the hot and humid climatic region of Eastern India.Results: The demographic findings were presented in graphs and charts. However, none of the commonly known autopsy findings (histopathological) are found to be individually confirmatory of drowning. Conclusion:Several factors inclusive of autopsy findings, biochemical examination, radiological and molecular technique,are needed to be taken together as complementary methods to conclude drowning as the cause of death when bodies are recovered from water.

Footprint dimensions are vital evidences obtained from scenes of crime. Forensic scientists use this information to help identify the offender. Footprints have also been used to build the biological profile of an unknown individual for identification. The measurements are specific for race and sex. The objectives of the present study are to examine the sexual dimorphism of footprint dimensions in adults of an Indian Bengali sample and determine the sex from those measurements. The study was done on 100 adult volunteers of ethnic Bengali origin of West Bengal. Footprints were taken on glossy paper with blue stamp pad ink, and then measurements were taken to the nearest mm. Discriminant function analysis was conducted using several linear measurements, and discriminant function was obtained. Sex determination was successful in 82.0% of the samples. This study provides useful baseline morphometric data of footprints of the Indian Bengali population, which will aid in forensic investigations.

Snake bite is a serious but neglected global problem specially in Southeast Asian countries, public health problem and one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity in rural areas. Objective-To find out socio demographic profile snakebite cases and pattern of snake bites.

Objectives: The objective of this study is to establish the study of radiographs of the iliac crest epiphysis as a possible criterion for forensic age estimation, using Kreitner and Kellingaus main stages and substages method. Methodology: We scanned 157 participants, comprising 92 males and 65 females in the age bracket of 10 and 25, using X-ray in the Indian Bengali population. Results: Minimum, maximum, mean, and standard deviation were defined. Ossification appeared within the age bracket of 14–17 years, and complete bony fusion took place at the 20th year of life. Intra- and inter-observer agreements were determined by calculating the kappa coefficients. Conclusion: This study can be used for forensic age diagnosis, but its accuracy is limited when the medicolegally significant age of 18 years has to be determined.

The recovery of different constituents of ammunitions in a dead body is of vital importance for investigation of firearm fatalities. The projectile that enters the body depends on the type of firearm used. The wound of entry and the wound of exit and the track are useful guides for reconstructing the incident of firearm injury. Most often, at autopsy, these projectiles are recovered from the body and preserved as materials of evidential values. This is further complicated when changes due to decomposition obscure and modify the appearances of the wounds of the entry and exists. In our country, especially with advent of readily available improvised firearms, the classical assembly of arms and weapons are not found. Handmade or improvised firearms produce injuries that are often unique and special. Here, we report a rare case of finding one revolver bullet, one country-made rifled bullet, and one shotgun felt wad along with multiple metallic pellets, all in a single decomposed body.

Delusion of pregnancy can be described as a false and fixed belief of being pregnant despite factual evidence to the contrary. An unmarried 32 year old woman was brought for medical examination to the department of Forensic Medicine at Burdwan Medical College by the police with the allegations that the accused had physical relationship with her with a promise for marriage which had led to the current pregnancy. After clinical examination and preliminary test of urine for pregnancy, conducted at the Gynae & Obs department, which came negative, the patient was sent for USG examination to the Radiology Department for confirmation of pregnancy. The USG report did not reveal any pregnancy. The patient was referred back to the department of Forensic Medicine for medico-legal examination, the next day. On the day of the second examination, it was found that an old healed tear was present in the hymen. These findings and the review of the literature show us that in some cases where the underlying cause for development of such psychiatric disorder is known, it can help to formulate the management of such sexual assault victims in a more humane manner and better clinical outcome of the aforesaid victims can be expected by treating the underlying factors.

Stature reconstruction is important as it provides a forensic anthropological estimate of the height of a person in the living state-playing a vital role in identification of individual. The present study was conducted in the department of Forensic and State Medicine Burdwan Medical College. The aim was to derive population specific regression equation for adult Bengali population of Burdwan district.100 healthy volunteers (53 male and 47 females) were studied after taking consent. The value of R obtained in case where all variables were used to predict stature was 0.6 and R square was 0.36. The standard error of estimate was 8.64. The regression formula derived Stature= 69.269 + 0.54×footlength1+0.83 footlength2-3.826 footlength3+7.07 footlength4-0.971 footlength5+ 1.651 DL. These equations maybe used to predict stature in cases when whole length of leg or long bones are not available for investigation (e.g. in mutilated body parts in mass disasters).