140 results on '"Southwick K"'
Search Results
2. Barriers to prenatal care and poor pregnancy outcomes among women with syphilis in the Russian Federation
- Author
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Southwick, K L, Tikhonova, L I, Salakhov, E G, Shakarishvili, A, Ryan, C, and Hillis, S
- Published
- 2007
3. Congenital syphilis in the Russian Federation: magnitude, determinants, and consequences
- Author
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Tikhonova, L, Salakhov, E, Southwick, K, Shakarishvili, A, Ryan, C, and Hillis, S
- Published
- 2003
4. Risk factors for birth of a baby with presumptive or confirmed congenital syphilis among women with active syphilis during pregnancy, Russian federation
- Author
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Hillis, S, Tikhonova, L, Salakhov, E, Southwick, K, and Shakarishvili, A
- Published
- 2001
5. M TUBERCULOSIS CLUSTER LIKELY LINKED TO AN ATOMIZER
- Author
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Southwick, K., Hoffmann, K., Maillard, J., Ferree, K., Weber, D., and Rutala, W.
- Published
- 1999
6. In response to Letter to the Editor (Regina Hofmann-Lehmann, Laura S. Levy and Brian Willett)—Comparing the efficacy of FeLV vaccines
- Author
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Stuke, K., primary, King, V., additional, Southwick, K., additional, Stoeva, M.I., additional, Thomas, A., additional, and Winkler, M.T., additional
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- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Bloodstream infections among patients treated with intravenous epoprostenol or intravenous treprostinil for pulmonary arterial hypertension--seven sites, United States, 2003-2006
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Barst, R., Berman-Rosenzweig, E., Horn, E., Saiman, L., Lee, L., Southwick, K., Kohlerschmidt, D., Smith, P., Gomberg-Maitland, M., Weber, S., Ivy, D., Doran, A., McGoon, M., Severson, C. Anderson, Rubenfire, M., McLaughlin, V., Feldman, J., Tanner, C., Chin, K., Kingman, M., Tapson, V., Srinivasan, A., Noble-Wang, J., Arduino, M., Shoulson, R., Petersen, E., Kallen, A., Lederman, E., Balaji, A., and Trevino, I.
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Care and treatment ,Dosage and administration ,Health aspects ,Pulmonary hypertension -- Health aspects -- Care and treatment ,Antihypertensive agents -- Dosage and administration -- Health aspects ,Antihypertensive drugs -- Dosage and administration -- Health aspects - Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a life-threatening disorder characterized by elevated pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance. Continuous infusion of a prostanoid, which acts as a vasodilator and anti-proliferative [...]
- Published
- 2007
8. Investigation of the First Seven Reported Cases of Candida auris,a Globally Emerging Invasive, Multidrug‐Resistant Fungus—United States, May 2013–August 2016
- Author
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Vallabhaneni, S., Kallen, A., Tsay, S., Chow, N., Welsh, R., Kerins, J., Kemble, S. K., Pacilli, M., Black, S. R., Landon, E., Ridgway, J., Palmore, T. N., Zelzany, A., Adams, E. H., Quinn, M., Chaturvedi, S., Greenko, J., Fernandez, R., Southwick, K., Furuya, E. Y., Calfee, D. P., Hamula, C., Patel, G., Barrett, P., Lafaro, P., Berkow, E. L., Moulton‐Meissner, H., Noble‐Wang, J., Fagan, R. P., Jackson, B. R., Lockhart, S. R., Litvintseva, A. P., and Chiller, T. M.
- Abstract
November 11, 2016/65(44);1234–1237. What is already known about this topic? Candida aurisis an emerging pathogenic fungus that has been reported from at least a dozen countries on four continents during 2009–2015. The organism is difficult to identify using traditional biochemical methods, some isolates have been found to be resistant to all three major classes of antifungal medications, and C. aurishas caused health care–associated outbreaks. What is added by this report? This is the first description of C. auriscases in the United States. C. aurisappears to have emerged in the United States only in the last few years, and U.S. isolates are related to isolates from South America and South Asia. Evidence from U.S. case investigations suggests likely transmission of the organism occurred in health care settings. What are the implications for public health practice? It is important that U.S. laboratories accurately identify C. aurisand for health care facilities to implement recommended infection control practices to prevent the spread of C. auris. Local and state health departments and CDC should be notified of possible cases of C. aurisand of isolates of C. haemuloniiand Candidaspp. that cannot be identified after routine testing. This report details the first U.S. cases of a new fungal infection seen primarily in immunocompromised hosts, including stem cell transplant recipients.
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- 2017
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9. Coinfection with Multiple Tick-Borne Pathogens in a Walker Hound Kennel in North Carolina
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Kordick, S. K., primary, Breitschwerdt, E. B., additional, Hegarty, B. C., additional, Southwick, K. L., additional, Colitz, C. M., additional, Hancock, S. I., additional, Bradley, J. M., additional, Rumbough, R., additional, Mcpherson, J. T., additional, and MacCormack, J. N., additional
- Published
- 1999
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10. An epidemic of congenital syphilis in Jefferson County, Texas, 1994-1995: inadequate prenatal syphilis testing after an outbreak in adults.
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Southwick, K L, primary, Guidry, H M, additional, Weldon, M M, additional, Mert, K J, additional, Berman, S M, additional, and Levine, W C, additional
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- 1999
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11. Congenital syphilis in Russia: the value of counting epidemiologic cases and clinical cases.
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Salakhov E, Tikhonova L, Southwick K, Sharkarishvili A, Ryan C, Hillis S, and Congenital Syphilis Investigation Team
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- 2004
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12. In practice. Agreement between self-reported information and medical claims data on diagnosed diabetes in Oregon's Medicaid population.
- Author
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Ngo DL, Marshall LM, Howard RN, Woodward JA, Southwick K, and Hedberg K
- Abstract
Recent trends in Oregon indicated that diabetes is on the rise. Medicaid self-reported data estimated about 11 percent are affected by diabetes, which is twice the prevalence of the general population in Oregon. Little is known about the agreement between self-reported information and medical claims data in the Medicaid population. This study provides an opportunity to compare prevalence of diabetes when the estimates are computed from the two different data sources. A sample of 2,154 Medicaid adults in Oregon (18 to 64 years old) were identified in both the Medicaid claims and self-report survey. The result reported a strong agreement of diabetes definition between the Medicaid claim data and the self-reported survey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2003
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13. Effects of Ethephon and its Decomposition Products on Germination of Rice and Watergrass1
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Southwick, K. L., Lamb, N., Storey, R., and Mansfield, D. H.
- Abstract
This study aimed to determine whether ethephon, 2‐chloroethyl phosphonic acid, differentially influences the germination and seedling development of rice (Oryza sativaL.) and one of its major weeds, watergrass (Echinochloa crus‐galli(L.) Beauv. var. oryzicola). Seeds were germinated at pH 7.0 at 30°C in flasks under N2. Ethephon at 10 000 mg L−1inhibited germination indices by 91 and 29% in watergrass and rice, respectively. Ethephon at 2000 mg L−1significantly reduced coleoptile growth in both species. Ethylene at 1 and 100 μL−1stimulated watergrass germination but did not affect rice germination and enhanced coleoptile growth of both species. Potassium or sodium salts of phosphate and chloride, when administered in a manner simulating the anions' release from ethephon, inhibited germination of watergrass and coleoptile growth of both species. Watergrass germination was inhibited completely with 100 mMmannitol or PEG 8000 (−0.42 MPa) and by 68% with 100 mMpotassium phosphate. Rice germination was also inhibited by these osmotica but to a lesser extent than watergrass. Thus, at comparable experimental concentrations, ethephon, phosphate, and chloride inhibited while ethylene promoted or did not influence seed germination or coleoptile growth of both species. We conclude that in both species, the inhibition of germination and coleoptile growth by ethephon is attributed to the effects of ethephon decomposition products other than ethylene. This effect should be considered in studies using high ethephon concentrations or when using tissues highly sensitive to osmotic stress.
- Published
- 1986
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14. Bloodstream infections among patients treated with intravenous epoprostenol or intravenous treprostinil for pulmonary arterial hypertension - Seven sites, United States, 2003-2006
- Author
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Barst, R., Berman-Rosenzweig, E., Horn, E., Saiman, L., Lee, L., Southwick, K., Kohlerschmidt, D., Smith, P., Gomberg-Maitland, M., Weber, S., Ivy, D., Doran, A., Mcgoon, M., Anderson Severson, C., Rubenfire, M., Mclaughlin, V., Feldman, J., Tanner, C., Chin, K., Kingman, M., Tapson, V., Srinivasan, A., Noble-Wang, J., Matthew Arduino, Shoulson, R., Petersen, E., Kallen, A., Lederman, E., Balaji, A., and Trevino, I.
15. Maternal and congenital syphilis in Bolivia, 1996: prevalence and risk factors
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Southwick Karen L., Blanco Stanley, Santander Ana, Estenssoro Miguel, Torrico Faustino, Seoane Guillermo, Brady William, Fears Martha, Lewis Joel, Pope Victoria, Guarner Jeannette, and Levine William C.
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syphilis, congenital/prevention and control ,syphilis, congenital/epidemiology ,fetal death ,infant mortality ,pregnancy complications ,syphilis serodiagnosis ,fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption test ,Bolivia ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The present study was carried out in seven maternity hospitals to determine the prevalence of maternal syphilis at the time of delivery and the associated risk factors, to conduct a pilot project of rapid syphilis testing in hospital laboratories, to assure the quality of syphilis testing, and to determine the rate of congenital syphilis in infants born to women with syphilis at the time of delivery - all of which would provide baseline data for a national prevention programme in Bolivia. METHODS: All women delivering either live-born or stillborn infants in the seven participating hospitals in and around La Paz, El Alto, and Cochabamba between June and November 1996 were eligible for enrolment in the study. FINDINGS: A total of 61 out of 1428 mothers (4.3%) of live-born infants and 11 out of 43 mothers (26%) of stillborn infants were found to have syphilis at delivery. Multivariate analysis showed that women with live-born infants who had less than secondary-level education, who did not watch television during the week before delivery (this was used as an indicator of socioeconomic status), who had a previous history of syphilis, or who had more than one partner during the pregnancy were at increased risk of syphilis. While 76% of the study population had received prenatal care, only 17% had syphilis testing carried out during the pregnancy; 91% of serum samples that were reactive to rapid plasma reagin (RPR) tests were also reactive to fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption (FTA-ABS) testing. There was 96% agreement between the results from local hospital laboratories and national reference laboratories in their testing of RPR reactivity of serum samples. Congenital syphilis infection was confirmed by laboratory tests in 15% of 66 infants born to women with positive RPR and FTA-ABS testing. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that a congenital syphilis prevention programme in Bolivia could substantially reduce adverse infant outcomes due to this disease.
- Published
- 2001
16. Legalized physician-assisted suicide in Oregon, 2001.
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Hedberg K, Hopkins D, and Southwick K
- Published
- 2002
17. Transmission of Norwalk virus during a football game.
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Becker, Karen M., Moe, Christine L., Southwick, Karen L., MacCormack, J. Newton, Becker, K M, Moe, C L, Southwick, K L, and MacCormack, J N
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VIRAL transmission , *GASTROENTERITIS , *EPIDEMIOLOGY , *VIRUS disease transmission , *ANALYSIS of variance , *INFECTIOUS disease transmission , *ELECTRON microscopy , *FECES , *FOOD , *FOOD handling , *FOOD poisoning , *FOOTBALL , *LONGITUDINAL method , *POLYMERASE chain reaction , *RNA , *RNA viruses , *LOGISTIC regression analysis , *RETROSPECTIVE studies , *REVERSE transcriptase polymerase chain reaction , *NOROVIRUS diseases - Abstract
Background: During a college football game in Florida, diarrhea and vomiting developed in many of the members of a North Carolina team. The next day, similar symptoms developed in some of the players on the opposing team.Methods: We interviewed those who ate the five meals served to the North Carolina team before the game and some of the players on the opposing team who became ill. Patients with primary cases were members or staff of the team who had vomiting or diarrhea at least 10 hours after but no more than 50 hours after eating a box lunch served the day before the game. Patients with secondary cases had a later onset of symptoms or had symptoms without having eaten the box lunch. Stool samples were examined by electron microscopy and by a reverse-transcription-polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) assay.Results: The two football teams shared no food or beverages and had no contact off the playing field. Of five meals served to the North Carolina team before the game, only the box lunch was associated with a significant risk of illness (relative risk of illness, 4.1; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.6 to 10.0). The rate of attack among those who ate the box lunch was 62 percent. There were 11 secondary cases among the members and staff of the North Carolina team and 11 such cases among the Florida players. All four stool samples obtained from North Carolina patients were positive for Norwalk-like virus on electron microscopy. All four samples as well as one of two stool samples from players on the Florida team were positive for a Norwalk-like virus of genogroup I on RT-PCR assay; the RT-PCR products had identical sequences.Conclusions: This investigation documents person-to-person transmission of Norwalk virus among players during a football game. Persons with acute gastroenteritis should be excluded from playing contact sports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2000
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18. Candida auris admission screening pilot in select units of New York City health care facilities, 2017-2019.
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Rowlands J, Dufort E, Chaturvedi S, Zhu Y, Quinn M, Bucher C, Erazo R, Haley V, Kuang J, Ostrowsky B, Southwick K, Vallabhaneni S, Greenko J, Tserenpuntsag B, Blog D, and Lutterloh E
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- Humans, Candida auris, New York City epidemiology, Pilot Projects, Nursing Homes, Delivery of Health Care, Antifungal Agents, Candida genetics, Candidiasis diagnosis
- Abstract
Background: This pilot project implemented admission screening for Candida auris (C. auris) using real-time polymerase chain reaction (rt-PCR) in select high-risk units within health care facilities in New York City., Methods: An admission screening encounter consisted of collecting 2 swabs, to be tested by rt-PCR, and a data collection form for individuals admitted to ventilator units at 2 nursing homes (NHA and NHB), and the ventilator/pulmonary unit, intensive care unit, and cardiac care unit at a hospital (Hospital C) located in New York City from November 2017 to November 2019., Results: C. auris colonization was identified in 6.9% (n = 188/2,726) of admissions to participating units. Rates were higher among admissions to NHA and NHB (20.7% and 22.0%, respectively) than Hospital C (3.6%). Within Hospital C, the ventilator/pulmonary unit had a higher rate (5.7%) than the intensive care unit (3.8%) or cardiac care unit (2.5%)., Discussion: Consistent with prior research, we found that individuals admitted to ventilator units were at higher risk of C. auris colonization., Conclusions: This project demonstrates the utility of admission screening using rt-PCR testing to rapidly identify C. auris colonization among admissions to health care facilities so that appropriate transmission-based precautions and control measures can be implemented rapidly to help decrease transmission., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2023
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19. Comparative analysis of multiplexed PCR and short- and long-read whole genome sequencing to investigate a large Klebsiella pneumoniae outbreak in New York State.
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Prussing C, Southwick K, Snavely E, Kidney A, Randall L, Sossei A, Dentinger L, Shushe O, Fernandez R, Haas W, Lapierre P, Singh N, Nazarian EJ, Musser KA, and Mitchell K
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- Anti-Bacterial Agents, Bacterial Proteins genetics, Disease Outbreaks, Humans, New York epidemiology, Plasmids, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Retrospective Studies, Whole Genome Sequencing methods, beta-Lactamases genetics, Klebsiella Infections epidemiology, Klebsiella pneumoniae genetics
- Abstract
In 2017, the New York State Department of Health investigated a large Klebsiella pneumoniae outbreak in a health care facility. A retrospective analysis was conducted to compare the use of multiple molecular typing methods for characterizing the outbreak. Forty-four isolates were characterized using the rapid real-time PCR OpGen Acuitas® AMR Gene Panel. Additionally, short-read whole genome sequencing (WGS) analysis was used to identify antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes and assess isolate relatedness. Long-read Oxford Nanopore MinION WGS was used to characterize the plasmid content of a subset of isolates. All methods showed overall concordance, identifying four clusters, with a few discrepancies in the clustering of individual isolates. Though short- and long-read WGS results provided a more nuanced understanding of the molecular epidemiology of this outbreak, this study highlights the utility of the Acuitas® PCR-based approach, which can more easily be performed by health care facilities, for rapid clustering of patient isolates., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2022
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20. Antifungal Resistance Trends of Candida auris Clinical Isolates in New York and New Jersey from 2016 to 2020.
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Kilburn S, Innes G, Quinn M, Southwick K, Ostrowsky B, Greenko JA, Lutterloh E, Greeley R, Magleby R, Chaturvedi V, and Chaturvedi S
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- Candida auris, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, New Jersey epidemiology, New York epidemiology, Antifungal Agents pharmacology, Antifungal Agents therapeutic use, Candida
- Abstract
About 55% of U.S. Candida auris clinical cases were reported from New York and New Jersey from 2016 through 2020. Nearly all New York-New Jersey clinical isolates (99.8%) were fluconazole resistant, and 50% were amphotericin B resistant. Echinocandin resistance increased from 0% to 4% and pan-resistance increased from 0 to <1% for New York C. auris clinical isolates but not for New Jersey, highlighting the regional differences.
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- 2022
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21. A description of the first Candida auris-colonized individuals in New York State, 2016-2017.
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Southwick K, Ostrowsky B, Greenko J, Adams E, Lutterloh E, Denis RJ, Patel R, Erazo R, Fernandez R, Bucher C, Quinn M, Green C, Chaturvedi S, Leach L, and Zhu Y
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- Aged, Antifungal Agents pharmacology, Antifungal Agents therapeutic use, Hospitalization, Humans, New York epidemiology, United States, Candida, Candida auris
- Abstract
Candida auris (C. auris) is a globally emerging multidrug-resistant yeast. New York State (NYS) first detected C. auris in July 2016 and is the state most affected. This brief report describes characteristics of the first 114 individuals colonized with C. auris identified through active surveillance/screening by NYS Department of Health. "Colonized/screened" individuals were old (median age, 74 year), had extensive health care exposures and underlying conditions (multiple health care facility admissions in the 90 days prior with more than 80% requiring mechanical ventilation), and had 30- and 90-day mortality rates of 17.5% and 37.7%, respectively (with approximately 60% expired in the 2-year follow-up period). This description is helpful to inform additional prevention measures and add to the collective understanding of C. auris in the United States., (Published by Elsevier Inc.)
- Published
- 2022
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22. Congenital Measles in a Premature 25-week Gestation Infant.
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Hanft E, Brachio S, Messina M, Zachariah P, Sutton D, Goffman D, Pike J, Covington L, Graham KA, Crouch B, Adams E, Ahmad N, Rausch-Phung E, Southwick K, Bryant P, Fuschino M, Khandekar A, Kulas K, and Saiman L
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- Adult, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Newborn, Diseases therapy, Infection Control methods, Intensive Care Units, Neonatal, Measles therapy, New York epidemiology, Pregnancy, Treatment Outcome, Infant, Extremely Premature, Infant, Newborn, Diseases diagnosis, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Measles diagnosis, Measles transmission, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious diagnosis
- Abstract
We describe a premature infant with congenital measles. Laboratory testing confirmed measles in the mother (polymerase chain reaction- and IgM-positive) and congenital measles in the infant (polymerase chain reaction-positive, culture-positive and IgM-positive). The infant never developed a rash, pneumonia, or neurologic complications. This case supports using compatible laboratory findings to diagnose congenital measles in infants without clinical manifestations of measles., Competing Interests: The authors have no funding or conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2021 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
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23. Laboratory Analysis of an Outbreak of Candida auris in New York from 2016 to 2018: Impact and Lessons Learned.
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Zhu Y, O'Brien B, Leach L, Clarke A, Bates M, Adams E, Ostrowsky B, Quinn M, Dufort E, Southwick K, Erazo R, Haley VB, Bucher C, Chaturvedi V, Limberger RJ, Blog D, Lutterloh E, and Chaturvedi S
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- Antifungal Agents pharmacology, Antifungal Agents therapeutic use, Asia, Disease Outbreaks, Humans, Laboratories, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, New York, Candida genetics, Candidiasis drug therapy, Candidiasis epidemiology
- Abstract
Candida auris is a multidrug-resistant yeast which has emerged in health care facilities worldwide; however, little is known about identification methods, patient colonization, environmental survival, spread, and drug resistance. Colonization on both biotic (patients) and abiotic (health care objects) surfaces, along with travel, appear to be the major factors for the spread of this pathogen across the globe. In this investigation, we present laboratory findings from an ongoing C. auris outbreak in New York (NY) from August 2016 through 2018. A total of 540 clinical isolates, 11,035 patient surveillance specimens, and 3,672 environmental surveillance samples were analyzed. Laboratory methods included matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) for yeast isolate identification, real-time PCR for rapid surveillance sample screening, culture on selective/nonselective media for recovery of C. auris and other yeasts from surveillance samples, antifungal susceptibility testing to determine the C. auris resistance profile, and Sanger sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and D1/D2 regions of the ribosomal gene for C. auris genotyping. Results included (a) identification and confirmation of C. auris in 413 clinical isolates and 931 patient surveillance isolates as well as identification of 277 clinical cases and 350 colonized cases from 151 health care facilities, including 59 hospitals, 92 nursing homes, 1 long-term acute care hospital (LTACH), and 2 hospices, (b) successful utilization of an in-house developed C. auris real-time PCR assay for the rapid screening of patient and environmental surveillance samples, (c) demonstration of relatively heavier colonization of C. auris in nares than in the axilla/groin, and (d) predominance of the South Asia clade I with intrinsic resistance to fluconazole and elevated MIC to voriconazole (81%), amphotericin B (61%), flucytosine (5FC) (3%), and echinocandins (1%). These findings reflect greater regional prevalence and incidence of C. auris and the deployment of better detection tools in an unprecedented outbreak., (Copyright © 2020 American Society for Microbiology.)
- Published
- 2020
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24. Investigation of Presumptive HIV Transmission Associated with Hospitalization Using Nucleotide Sequence Analysis - New York, 2017.
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Anderson BJ, Clement E, Collura R, Gallucci A, Westheimer E, Braunstein S, Southwick K, Adams E, Lutterloh E, Gonzalez C, McDonald R, Jia H, Switzer WM, Patel PR, Joyce MP, and Oster AM
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- Fatal Outcome, HIV-1 genetics, HIV-2 genetics, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, New York, RNA, Viral genetics, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic therapy, Cross Infection diagnosis, HIV Infections diagnosis, HIV Infections transmission, Sequence Analysis, RNA
- Abstract
Since implementation of Standard Precautions* for the prevention of bloodborne pathogen transmission in 1985, health care-associated transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the United States has been rare (1). In October 2017, the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (NYCDOHMH) and the New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH) were notified by a clinician of a diagnosis of acute HIV infection in a young adult male (patient A) without recognized risk factors (i.e., he was monogamous, had an HIV-negative partner, and had no injection drug use) who had recently been hospitalized for a chronic medical condition. The low risk coupled with the recent hospitalization and medical procedures prompted NYSDOH, NYCDOHMH, and CDC to investigate this case as possible health care-associated transmission of HIV. Among persons with known HIV infection who had hospitalization dates overlapping those of patient A, one person (patient B) had an HIV strain highly similar to patient A's strain by nucleotide sequence analysis. The sequence relatedness, combined with other investigation findings, indicated a likely health care-associated transmission. Nucleotide sequence analysis, which is increasingly used for detecting HIV clusters (i.e., persons with closely related HIV strains) and to inform public health response (2,3), might also be used to identify possible health care-associated transmission of HIV to someone with health care exposure and no known HIV risk factors (4)., Competing Interests: All authors have completed and submitted the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors form for disclosure of potential conflicts of interest. No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed.
- Published
- 2020
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25. Candida auris in Healthcare Facilities, New York, USA, 2013-2017.
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Adams E, Quinn M, Tsay S, Poirot E, Chaturvedi S, Southwick K, Greenko J, Fernandez R, Kallen A, Vallabhaneni S, Haley V, Hutton B, Blog D, Lutterloh E, and Zucker H
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- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Antifungal Agents pharmacology, Candidiasis history, Candidiasis prevention & control, Environmental Microbiology, Female, History, 21st Century, Humans, Male, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Middle Aged, New York epidemiology, Public Health Surveillance, Sentinel Surveillance, Young Adult, Candida classification, Candida drug effects, Candida genetics, Candida isolation & purification, Candidiasis epidemiology, Candidiasis microbiology, Cross Infection, Health Facilities
- Abstract
Candida auris is an emerging yeast that causes healthcare-associated infections. It can be misidentified by laboratories and often is resistant to antifungal medications. We describe an outbreak of C. auris infections in healthcare facilities in New York City, New York, USA. The investigation included laboratory surveillance, record reviews, site visits, contact tracing with cultures, and environmental sampling. We identified 51 clinical case-patients and 61 screening case-patients. Epidemiologic links indicated a large, interconnected web of affected healthcare facilities throughout New York City. Of the 51 clinical case-patients, 23 (45%) died within 90 days and isolates were resistant to fluconazole for 50 (98%). Of screening cultures performed for 572 persons (1,136 total cultures), results were C. auris positive for 61 (11%) persons. Environmental cultures were positive for samples from 15 of 20 facilities. Colonization was frequently identified during contact investigations; environmental contamination was also common.
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- 2018
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26. Two Imported Cases of Congenital Rubella Syndrome and Infection-Control Challenges in New York State, 2013-2015.
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Robyn M, Dufort E, Rosen JB, Southwick K, Bryant PW, Greenko J, Adams E, Kurpiel P, Alvarez KJ, Burstein G, Sen K, Vasquez D, Rausch-Phung E, Schulte C, Lutterloh E, and Blog D
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- Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Male, New York, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious diagnosis, Rubella diagnosis, Rubella transmission, Rubella Syndrome, Congenital prevention & control, Travel-Related Illness, Yemen, Rubella Syndrome, Congenital diagnosis
- Abstract
Rubella was declared eliminated in the United States in 2004. During 2013-2015, 2 infants with congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) were born in New York State. Both mothers were foreign born and traveled to Yemen during their pregnancy. Delayed consideration of CRS led to preventable exposures and a substantial public health response.
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- 2018
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27. Investigation of the First Seven Reported Cases of Candida auris, a Globally Emerging Invasive, Multidrug-Resistant Fungus - United States, May 2013-August 2016.
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Vallabhaneni S, Kallen A, Tsay S, Chow N, Welsh R, Kerins J, Kemble SK, Pacilli M, Black SR, Landon E, Ridgway J, Palmore TN, Zelzany A, Adams EH, Quinn M, Chaturvedi S, Greenko J, Fernandez R, Southwick K, Furuya EY, Calfee DP, Hamula C, Patel G, Barrett P, Lafaro P, Berkow EL, Moulton-Meissner H, Noble-Wang J, Fagan RP, Jackson BR, Lockhart SR, Litvintseva AP, and Chiller TM
- Subjects
- Antifungal Agents pharmacology, Antifungal Agents therapeutic use, Candida drug effects, Candidiasis drug therapy, Communicable Diseases, Emerging, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Fungal, Fatal Outcome, Global Health, Humans, United States, Candida isolation & purification, Candidiasis diagnosis, Candidiasis microbiology
- Abstract
Candida auris, an emerging fungus that can cause invasive infections, is associated with high mortality and is often resistant to multiple antifungal drugs. C. auris was first described in 2009 after being isolated from external ear canal discharge of a patient in Japan (1). Since then, reports of C. auris infections, including bloodstream infections, have been published from several countries, including Colombia, India, Israel, Kenya, Kuwait, Pakistan, South Africa, South Korea, Venezuela, and the United Kingdom (2-7). To determine whether C. auris is present in the United States and to prepare for the possibility of transmission, CDC issued a clinical alert in June 2016 informing clinicians, laboratorians, infection control practitioners, and public health authorities about C. auris and requesting that C. auris cases be reported to state and local health departments and CDC (8). This report describes the first seven U.S. cases of C. auris infection reported to CDC as of August 31, 2016. Data from these cases suggest that transmission of C. auris might have occurred in U.S. health care facilities and demonstrate the need for attention to infection control measures to control the spread of this pathogen.
- Published
- 2016
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28. High Resolution Discovery Proteomics Reveals Candidate Disease Progression Markers of Alzheimer's Disease in Human Cerebrospinal Fluid.
- Author
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Hendrickson RC, Lee AY, Song Q, Liaw A, Wiener M, Paweletz CP, Seeburger JL, Li J, Meng F, Deyanova EG, Mazur MT, Settlage RE, Zhao X, Southwick K, Du Y, Holder D, Sachs JR, Laterza OF, Dallob A, Chappell DL, Snyder K, Modur V, King E, Joachim C, Bondarenko AY, Shearman M, Soper KA, Smith AD, Potter WZ, Koblan KS, Sachs AB, and Yates NA
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Biomarkers cerebrospinal fluid, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Alzheimer Disease cerebrospinal fluid, C-Reactive Protein cerebrospinal fluid, Mass Spectrometry, Nerve Growth Factors cerebrospinal fluid, Nerve Tissue Proteins cerebrospinal fluid, Proteomics
- Abstract
Disease modifying treatments for Alzheimer's disease (AD) constitute a major goal in medicine. Current trends suggest that biomarkers reflective of AD neuropathology and modifiable by treatment would provide supportive evidence for disease modification. Nevertheless, a lack of quantitative tools to assess disease modifying treatment effects remains a major hurdle. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biochemical markers such as total tau, p-tau and Ab42 are well established markers of AD; however, global quantitative biochemical changes in CSF in AD disease progression remain largely uncharacterized. Here we applied a high resolution open discovery platform, dMS, to profile a cross-sectional cohort of lumbar CSF from post-mortem diagnosed AD patients versus those from non-AD/non-demented (control) patients. Multiple markers were identified to be statistically significant in the cohort tested. We selected two markers SME-1 (p<0.0001) and SME-2 (p = 0.0004) for evaluation in a second independent longitudinal cohort of human CSF from post-mortem diagnosed AD patients and age-matched and case-matched control patients. In cohort-2, SME-1, identified as neuronal secretory protein VGF, and SME-2, identified as neuronal pentraxin receptor-1 (NPTXR), in AD were 21% (p = 0.039) and 17% (p = 0.026) lower, at baseline, respectively, than in controls. Linear mixed model analysis in the longitudinal cohort estimate a decrease in the levels of VGF and NPTXR at the rate of 10.9% and 6.9% per year in the AD patients, whereas both markers increased in controls. Because these markers are detected by mass spectrometry without the need for antibody reagents, targeted MS based assays provide a clear translation path for evaluating selected AD disease-progression markers with high analytical precision in the clinic.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Efficacy of an inactivated FeLV vaccine compared to a recombinant FeLV vaccine in minimum age cats following virulent FeLV challenge.
- Author
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Stuke K, King V, Southwick K, Stoeva MI, Thomas A, and Winkler MT
- Subjects
- Animals, Bone Marrow Cells virology, Cats, DNA, Viral isolation & purification, Leukemia Virus, Feline, Random Allocation, Vaccines, Inactivated administration & dosage, Vaccines, Synthetic administration & dosage, Antigens, Viral blood, Gene Products, gag blood, Leukemia, Feline prevention & control, Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic administration & dosage, Vaccination veterinary, Viral Vaccines administration & dosage
- Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the efficacy of an inactivated feline leukemia virus (FeLV) vaccine (Versifel(®) FeLV, Zoetis.) compared to a recombinant FeLV vaccine (Purevax(®) FeLV, Merial Animal Health) in young cats, exposed under laboratory conditions to a highly virulent challenge model. The study was designed to be consistent with the general immunogenicity requirements of the European Pharmacopoeia 6.0 Monograph 01/2008:1321-Feline Leukaemia Vaccine (Inactivated) with the exception that commercial-strength vaccines were assessed. Fifty seronegative cats (8-9 weeks old) were vaccinated subcutaneously on two occasions, three weeks apart, with either placebo (treatment group T01), Versifel FeLV Vaccine (treatment group T02), or Purevax FeLV Vaccine (treatment group T03) according to the manufacturer's directions. Cats were challenged three weeks after the second vaccination with a virulent FeLV isolate (61E strain). Persistent FeLV antigenemia was determined from 3 to 15 weeks postchallenge. Bone marrow samples were tested for the presence of FeLV proviral DNA to determine FeLV latent infection. At week 15 after challenge with the virulent FeLV 61E strain, the Versifel FeLV Vaccine conferred 89.5% protection against FeLV persistent antigenemia and 94.7% protection against FeLV proviral DNA integration in bone marrow cells. In comparison, the Purevax FeLV Vaccine conferred 20% protection against FeLV persistent antigenemia and 35% protection against FeLV proviral DNA integration in bone marrow cells following challenge. The data from this study show that the Versifel FeLV Vaccine was efficacious in preventing both FeLV persistent p27 antigenemia and FeLV proviral DNA integration in bone marrow cells of cats challenged with this particular challenge model under laboratory conditions and provided better protection than Purevax FeLV in this experimental challenge model with highly virulent FeLV., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Rapid detection and quantification of apolipoprotein L1 genetic variants and total levels in plasma by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry.
- Author
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Zhou H, Hoek M, Yi P, Rohm RJ, Mahsut A, Brown P, Saunders J, Chmielowski RA, Ren N, Shuster D, Southwick K, Ayanoglu G, Gorman D, Laface D, Santino S, Conway J, Liu Z, Cully D, Cleary M, Roddy TP, and Blom D
- Subjects
- Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Apolipoprotein L1, Genotype, Humans, Kidney Diseases diagnosis, Kidney Diseases genetics, Mice, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Molecular Sequence Data, Apolipoproteins blood, Apolipoproteins genetics, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid methods, Genetic Variation, Kidney Diseases blood, Lipoproteins, HDL blood, Lipoproteins, HDL genetics, Tandem Mass Spectrometry methods
- Abstract
Rationale: Human genetics studies in African Americans have shown a strong correlation between polymorphisms in the ApoL1 gene and chronic kidney disease (CKD). To gain further insight into the etiology of ApoL1-associated kidney diseases, the determination of circulating levels of both wild type as well as ApoL1 variants could be of significant use. To date, antibodies that discriminate between all three ApoL1 variant forms (wild type, G1 and G2) are not available. We aimed to develop a rapid method for detecting and quantifying ApoL1 variants and total levels in plasma., Methods: Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) in multiple-reaction monitoring acquisition mode was used to quantify ApoL1., Results: We demonstrated that it is feasible to detect and quantify ApoL1 variants (wild type, G1 and G2), and total ApoL1 concentrations in plasma. ApoL1 genotypes determined by LC/MS agreed perfectly with the traditional method DNA sequencing for 74 human subjects. The method exhibited at least three orders of linearity with a lower limit of quantification of 10 nM. Moreover, the method can readily be multiplexed for the quantification of a panel of protein markers in a single sample., Conclusions: The method reported herein obviates the need to perform DNA genotyping of ApoL1 variants, which is of significant value in cases where stored samples are unsuitable for DNA analysis. More importantly, the method could potentially be of use in the early identification of individuals at risk of developing CKD, and for the stratification of patients for treatment with future ApoL1-modifying therapies., (Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Measurement of fractional synthetic rates of multiple protein analytes by triple quadrupole mass spectrometry.
- Author
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Lee AY, Yates NA, Ichetovkin M, Deyanova E, Southwick K, Fisher TS, Wang W, Loderstedt J, Walker N, Zhou H, Zhao X, Sparrow CP, Hubbard BK, Rader DJ, Sitlani A, Millar JS, and Hendrickson RC
- Subjects
- Apolipoprotein A-I biosynthesis, Apolipoprotein B-100 biosynthesis, Chromatography, Liquid, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Humans, Protein Stability, Sensitivity and Specificity, Apolipoprotein A-I analysis, Apolipoprotein B-100 analysis, Protein Biosynthesis
- Abstract
Background: Current approaches to measure protein turnover that use stable isotope-labeled tracers via GC-MS are limited to a small number of relatively abundant proteins. We developed a multiplexed liquid chromatography-selected reaction monitoring mass spectrometry (LC-SRM) assay to measure protein turnover and compared the fractional synthetic rates (FSRs) for 2 proteins, VLDL apolipoprotein B100 (VLDL apoB100) and HDL apoA-I, measured by both methods. We applied this technique to other proteins for which kinetics are not readily measured with GC-MS., Methods: Subjects were given a primed-constant infusion of [5,5,5-D(3)]-leucine (D(3)-leucine) for 15 h with blood samples collected at selected time points. Apolipoproteins isolated by SDS-PAGE from lipoprotein fractions were analyzed by GC-MS or an LC-SRM assay designed to measure the M+3/M+0 ratio at >1% D(3)-leucine incorporation. We calculated the FSR for each apolipoprotein by curve fitting the tracer incorporation data from each subject., Results: The LC-SRM method was linear over the range of tracer enrichment values tested and highly correlated with GC-MS (R(2) > 0.9). The FSRs determined from both methods were similar for HDL apoA-I and VLDL apoB100. We were able to apply the LC-SRM approach to determine the tracer enrichment of multiple proteins from a single sample as well as proteins isolated from plasma after immunoprecipitation., Conclusions: The LC-SRM method provides a new technique for measuring the enrichment of proteins labeled with stable isotopes. LC-SRM is amenable to a multiplexed format to provide a relatively rapid and inexpensive means to measure turnover of multiple proteins simultaneously.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Peptidomic profiling of human cerebrospinal fluid identifies YPRPIHPA as a novel substrate for prolylcarboxypeptidase.
- Author
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Zhao X, Southwick K, Cardasis HL, Du Y, Lassman ME, Xie D, El-Sherbeini M, Geissler WM, Pryor KD, Verras A, Garcia-Calvo M, Shen DM, Yates NA, Pinto S, and Hendrickon RC
- Subjects
- Amino Acid Sequence, Humans, Molecular Sequence Data, Sequence Alignment, Substrate Specificity, Carboxypeptidases cerebrospinal fluid, Carboxypeptidases metabolism, Peptides cerebrospinal fluid, Peptides metabolism
- Abstract
Prolylcarboxypeptidase (PRCP) is a serine protease that catalyzes the cleavage of C-terminal amino acids linked to proline in peptides. It is ubiquitously expressed and is involved in regulating blood pressure, proliferation, inflammation, angiogenesis, and weight maintenance. To identify the candidate proximal target engagement markers for PRCP inhibition in the central nervous system, we profiled the peptidome of human cerebrospinal fluid to look for PRCP substrates using a MS-based in vitro substrate profiling assay. These experiments identified a single peptide, with the sequence YPRPIHPA, as a novel substrate for PRCP in human cerebrospinal fluid. The peptide YPRPIHPA is from the extracellular portion of human endothelin B receptor-like protein 2.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Proteomic and phototoxic characterization of melanolipofuscin: correlation to disease and model for its origin.
- Author
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Warburton S, Davis WE, Southwick K, Xin H, Woolley AT, Burton GF, and Thulin CD
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Cytoplasmic Granules ultrastructure, Humans, Immunoblotting, Lipofuscin metabolism, Melanosomes ultrastructure, Photoreceptor Cells metabolism, Pigment Epithelium of Eye cytology, Pigment Epithelium of Eye metabolism, Proteome isolation & purification, Rhodopsin metabolism, Spectrometry, Fluorescence, Lipofuscin toxicity, Macular Degeneration pathology, Melanosomes metabolism, Models, Biological, Proteomics
- Abstract
Purpose: Melanolipofuscin (MLF) is a complex granule, exhibiting properties of both melanosomes and lipofuscin (LF) granules, which accumulates in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and may contribute to the etiology of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). MLF accumulation has been reported by Feeney-Burns to more closely reflect the onset of AMD than the accumulation of lipofuscin. In an effort to assess the possible contribution MLF may have to the onset of AMD, we analyzed the phototoxicity and protein composition of MLF and compared those results to that of LF., Methods: Specifically, we observed the accumulation of MLF in human RPE from different decades of life, and assessed the phototoxicity of these granules. We also employed fluorescence spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy and proteomic analysis to examine the composition of MLF granules in an effort to ascertain their origin., Results: Our results show that MLF granules are phototoxic and their accumulation more closely reflects the onset of AMD than does LF accumulation. Our compositional analysis of MLF has shown that while these granules contain some similarities to LF granules, MLF is substantially different. Of significant interest is the finding that MLF, in contrast to LF, does not contain photoreceptor-specific proteins, suggesting that MLF may not originate from the phagocytosis of photoreceptor outer segments. Instead the presence of RPE- and melanosome-specific proteins would suggest that MLF accumulates as a result of the melanosomal autophagocytosis of RPE cells., Conclusions: Our results provide significant insight into understanding the formation and toxicity of MLF and suggest a possible contribution to the etiology of retinal diseases.
- Published
- 2007
34. Examining the proteins of functional retinal lipofuscin using proteomic analysis as a guide for understanding its origin.
- Author
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Warburton S, Southwick K, Hardman RM, Secrest AM, Grow RK, Xin H, Woolley AT, Burton GF, and Thulin CD
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional, Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel, Flow Cytometry, Humans, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Microscopy, Immunoelectron, Middle Aged, Pigment Epithelium of Eye ultrastructure, Proteomics, Spectrometry, Fluorescence, Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization, Lipofuscin analysis, Pigment Epithelium of Eye chemistry, Proteome analysis
- Abstract
Purpose: To elucidate the origins of biologically active retinal lipofuscin (RLF) by examining its protein composition., Methods: Total protein and total lipid were extracted and quantified. Proteins in this lipoprotein granule were identified by limited-scale proteomic analysis using both two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis and SDS-PAGE coupled with MALDI-QqToF MSMS and automated LCMSMS, respectively., Results: RLF granules were 44% protein and 50% lipid. Proteomic analyses identified 41 constituent proteins. Hydrophobic proteins and several proteins specific to photoreceptors, including rhodopsin, that have not previously been reported, were identified. Extensive protein modification, especially oxidative damage, was observed., Conclusions: Proteins identified support the model that RLF accumulates in RPE cells as a result of the buildup of undigested material from the phagocytosis of photoreceptor outer segments. Perhaps oxidative damage renders some of these proteins indigestible and thus leads to the accumulation of RLF granules.
- Published
- 2005
35. Identification of phosphorylation sites on phosducin-like protein by QTOF mass spectrometry.
- Author
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Carter MD, Southwick K, Lukov G, Willardson BM, and Thulin CD
- Subjects
- Animals, CHO Cells, Cricetinae, Cricetulus, Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional, Mass Spectrometry, Phosphorylation, Carrier Proteins chemistry, Chemistry Techniques, Analytical, Nerve Tissue Proteins chemistry
- Abstract
Post-translational modifications are used by cells to control the functions of proteins. Phosducin-like protein (PhLP) is a regulator of G-protein signaling that is post-translationally modified via phosphorylation. Phosphorylation of PhLP initiates its degradation by the 26S proteasome in serum-stimulated cells. In this report, we show that PhLP is phosphorylated in serum-stimulated Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Through the use of tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), the specific amino acids phosphorylated can be identified. A PhLP-myc-His construct was purified and phosphorylated by serum-stimulated CHO extract. The resulting protein was digested with trypsin and the peptides were identified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Automated collison-induced dissociation data acquisition was compared with LC-MS/MS of manually chosen parents. In general, LC-MS/MS is superior for parent ions chosen manually, with the notable exception that automated fragmentation employs dynamic collision energy, which can result in higher quality collison-induced dissociation. Using the LC-MS/MS methods, four phosphorylation sites on PhLP were positively identified.
- Published
- 2004
36. Analysis of low-abundance, low-molecular-weight serum proteins using mass spectrometry.
- Author
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Merrell K, Southwick K, Graves SW, Esplin MS, Lewis NE, and Thulin CD
- Subjects
- Acetonitriles, Animals, Chromatography, Liquid, Humans, Mass Spectrometry, Ultrafiltration, Blood Proteins chemistry, Chemistry Techniques, Analytical
- Abstract
To detect diseases early in the general population, new diagnostic approaches are needed that have adequate sensitivity and specificity. Recent studies have used mass spectrometry to identify a serum proteomic pattern for breast and ovarian cancer. Serum contains 60-80 mg/mL protein, but 57-71% of this is serum albumin, and 8-26% are gamma-globulins. These large proteins must be depleted before smaller, less-abundant proteins can be detected using mass spectrometry, but because serum albumin is known to act as a carrier for smaller proteins, removal of these molecules using columns or filtration may result in the loss of molecules of interest. The objective of this study was to develop a reproducible method to deplete serum samples of high-abundance proteins in order to analyze the less-abundant proteins present in serum. We used organic solvents to precipitate the large proteins out of solution. We also predicted that this would cause many smaller proteins to dissociate from their carrier molecules, allowing for detection of a larger number of peptides and small proteins. These treated samples were analyzed using capillary liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Analysis demonstrated reproducible results. Acetonitrile treatment clearly released many carrier-bound molecular species and was superior to ultrafiltration alone for serum proteomic analysis.
- Published
- 2004
37. Initial analysis of the phosphoproteome of Chinese hamster ovary cells using electrophoresis.
- Author
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Chen Z, Southwick K, and Thulin CD
- Subjects
- Animals, CHO Cells, Cricetinae, Cricetulus, Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional, Phosphorus Radioisotopes, Chemistry Techniques, Analytical, Phosphoproteins chemistry, Proteome chemistry
- Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is a common post-translational modification of enormous biological importance. Analysis of phosphorylation at the global level should shed light on the use of this modification to regulate metabolism, signal transduction, and other processes. We have begun a proteomic analysis of phosphorylation using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were metabolically labeled using 32P-orthophosphate. The proteins were extracted and run on two-dimensional electrophoresis. Gels were stained using colloidal Coomassie stain, dried, and phosphorimaged. The Coomassie stain allowed the observation of 468 individual protein spots. The phosphorimage showed 181 spots. The phosphoproteome of CHO cells therefore comprises around one third as many proteins as the CHO cell abundance proteome. However, the most intense spots in the phosphoproteome usually do not correlate with intense spots in the abundance proteome. We investigated the effects of labeling time, finding that the number of observable spots increases but the relative intensities also change. We also investigated the effects of adding a phosphatase inhibitor during labeling. Finally, we evaluated a phosphoprotein-specific stain (Pro-Q Diamond) in comparison with radiolabeling methods. There is not perfect correlation between radiolabeled phosphoproteins and Pro-Q Diamond-stained phosphoproteins.
- Published
- 2004
38. Identification and characterization of a Pi isoform of glutathione S-transferase (GSTP1) as a zeaxanthin-binding protein in the macula of the human eye.
- Author
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Bhosale P, Larson AJ, Frederick JM, Southwick K, Thulin CD, and Bernstein PS
- Subjects
- Adult, Carotenoids chemistry, Chromatography, Gel, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Chromatography, Ion Exchange, Circular Dichroism, Databases as Topic, Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional, Glutathione S-Transferase pi, Glutathione Transferase metabolism, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Isoelectric Focusing, Isoenzymes metabolism, Kinetics, Mass Spectrometry, Models, Chemical, Protein Binding, Protein Isoforms, Recombinant Proteins chemistry, Temperature, Ultracentrifugation, Xanthophylls, Zeaxanthins, Glutathione Transferase chemistry, Isoenzymes chemistry, Lutein chemistry, Macula Lutea metabolism, beta Carotene analogs & derivatives, beta Carotene chemistry
- Abstract
Uptake, metabolism, and stabilization of xanthophyll carotenoids in the retina are thought to be mediated by specific xanthophyll-binding proteins (XBPs). A membrane-associated XBP was purified from human macula using ion-exchange chromatography followed by gel-exclusion chromatography. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis showed a prominent spot of 23 kDa and an isoelectric point of 5.7. Using mass spectral sequencing methods and the public NCBI database, it was identified as a Pi isoform of human glutathione S-transferase (GSTP1). Dietary (3R,3'R)-zeaxanthin displayed the highest affinity with an apparent Kd of 0.33 microm, followed by (3R,3'S-meso)-zeaxanthin with an apparent Kd of 0.52 microm. (3R,3'R,6'R)-Lutein did not display any high-affinity binding to GSTP1. Other human recombinant glutathione S-transferase (GST) proteins, GSTA1 and GSTM1, exhibited only low affinity binding of xanthophylls. (3R,3'S-meso)-Zeaxanthin, an optically inactive nondietary xanthophyll carotenoid present in the human macula, exhibited a strong induced CD spectrum in association with human macular XBP that was nearly identical to the CD spectrum induced by GSTP1. Like-wise, dietary (3R,3'R)-zeaxanthin displayed alterations in its CD spectrum in association with GSTP1 and XBP. Other mammalian xanthophyll carrier proteins such as tubulin, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, albumin, and beta-lactoglobulin did not bind zeaxanthins with high affinity, and they failed to induce or alter xanthophyll CD spectra to any significant extent. Immunocytochemistry with an antibody to GSTP1 on human macula sections showed highest labeling in the outer and inner plexiform layers. These results indicate that GSTP1 is a specific XBP in human macula that interacts with (3R,3'S-meso)-zeaxanthin and dietary (3R,3'R)-zeaxanthin in contrast to apparently weaker interactions with (3R,3'R,6'R)-lutein.
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Agreement between self-reported information and medical claims data on diagnosed diabetes in Oregon's Medicaid population.
- Author
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Ngo DL, Marshall LM, Howard RN, Woodward JA, Southwick K, and Hedberg K
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Diabetes Mellitus diagnosis, Diabetes Mellitus economics, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Oregon epidemiology, Prevalence, Diabetes Mellitus epidemiology, Insurance Claim Reporting, Medicaid statistics & numerical data, Population Surveillance methods, Self Concept
- Abstract
Recent trends in Oregon indicated that diabetes is on the rise. Medicaid self-reported data estimated about 11 percent are affected by diabetes, which is twice the prevalence of the general population in Oregon. Little is known about the agreement between self-reported information and medical claims data in the Medicaid population. This study provides an opportunity to compare prevalence of diabetes when the estimates are computed from the two different data sources. A sample of 2,154 Medicaid adults in Oregon (18 to 64 years old) were identified in both the Medicaid claims and self-report survey. The result reported a strong agreement of diabetes definition between the Medicaid claim data and the self-reported survey.
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Development of a quantitative method for evaluation of the electroencephalogram of rats by using radiotelemetry.
- Author
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Fitzgerald AL, Juneau P, Cain C, and Southwick K
- Subjects
- Animals, Atropine administration & dosage, Caffeine administration & dosage, Electrodes, Implanted, Fourier Analysis, Ketamine administration & dosage, Male, Pentobarbital administration & dosage, Radio Waves, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Electroencephalography, Telemetry methods
- Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop a method for recording the electroencephalogram (EEG) of rats by using radiotelemetry followed by automated analysis of the raw tracing by fast Fourier transformation (FFT). We surgically implanted four 4- to 5-month-old Wistar (Crl:(WI)BR) rats each with two epidural electrodes and an attached radiotransmitter (Physiotel Implant, model TA11CTA, Data Sciences International, Inc., St. Paul, Minn.). Raw EEG signals were routed to a digital storage oscilloscope (DataSys 7200, Gould Instrument Systems, Valley View, Ohio) with FFT and averaging capabilities. FFTs of raw signals were generated at baseline (predose) and after intraperitoneal dosing of the rats with atropine (30 min postdose; 6 mg/kg), caffeine (90 and 150 min postdose; 30 mg/kg), ketamine (15 and 30 min postdose; 50 mg/kg), and pentobarbarbital (60 and 90 min postdose; 40 mg/kg). For atropine, caffeine, and pentobarbital, the overall direction of the change in power across the spectrum (0 to 40 Hz) was the same as that reported previously. Relative peaks in power were consistent with those previous reports for atropine at < or =5 Hz and caffeine at approximately 7.5 Hz. Ketamine caused a shift in peak power from 5 to 10 Hz to < 5 Hz, as shown by other investigators. FFT analysis of EEG signals captured by radiotelemetry may provide a meaningful method for studying the CNS effect of novel compounds.
- Published
- 2003
41. Shortchang'ed. Dollars don't add for prothrombin home monitoring,.
- Author
-
Southwick K
- Subjects
- Anticoagulants administration & dosage, Catalogs, Commercial as Topic, Drug Monitoring instrumentation, Drug Monitoring methods, Humans, International Normalized Ratio, Medicare, Reimbursement Mechanisms, Self Care instrumentation, Self Care methods, United States, Warfarin administration & dosage, Drug Monitoring economics, Prothrombin Time, Self Care economics
- Published
- 2002
42. Characterization of spirometric function in residents of three comparison communities and of three communities located near waste incinerators in North Carolina.
- Author
-
Hazucha MJ, Rhodes V, Boehlecke BA, Southwick K, Degnan D, and Shy CM
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Air Pollutants analysis, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Environmental Monitoring methods, Epidemiological Monitoring, Female, Forced Expiratory Volume, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Lung Diseases epidemiology, Male, Middle Aged, North Carolina epidemiology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Vital Capacity, Air Pollutants adverse effects, Incineration, Lung Diseases diagnosis, Lung Diseases etiology, Medical Waste Disposal, Refuse Disposal, Spirometry
- Abstract
Waste incinerators are an increasingly common means of solid waste disposal. However, little is documented about the physical health of community members who live close to incinerators. During a 3-yr epidemiological study, spirometric lung function was tested once annually among residents from 3 communities surrounding a hazardous waste, biomedical, or municipal incinerator and among residents in 3 comparison communities. A total of 1,016 nonsmoking individuals, aged 8-80 yr, participated during at least 1 of the 3 yr of the study; 358 individuals participated all 3 yr. Daily air-quality sampling was done for 1 mo/yr in all 6 communities. The average monthly concentrations of particulate matter with diameters of 2.5 microns and less (PM2.5 [range = 14.6-31.5 micrograms/m3]) in all communities were similar during the 3 yr of study. The mean daily PM2.5 concentrations were significantly less than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's allowable 24-hr standard of 65 micrograms/m3. Individual incinerators contributed less than 2.5% of the areas' total PM2.5 levels. There was no difference in percent predicted forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 sec, or forced expiratory flow rate over the middle 50% of the forced vital capacity among members of the incinerator communities, compared with nonincinerator communities, and there were no significant differences in lung function within the 3 sets of communities. There was no evidence from this study that an association existed between residence in these 3 waste incinerator areas, which met state and federal emissions regulations, and average spirometric pulmonary function of nonsmoking community members.
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Survey of instruments. For strained labs, hematology analyzers doing more.
- Author
-
Southwick K
- Subjects
- Hematologic Tests trends, Humans, Hematologic Tests instrumentation
- Published
- 2001
44. Histamine poisoning associated with eating tuna burgers.
- Author
-
Becker K, Southwick K, Reardon J, Berg R, and MacCormack JN
- Subjects
- Animals, Disease Outbreaks, Food Preservation, Humans, North Carolina epidemiology, Risk Factors, Foodborne Diseases epidemiology, Histamine poisoning, Seafood poisoning, Tuna
- Abstract
Context: Histamine poisoning occurs when persons ingest fish in which bacteria have converted histidine to histamine, a process that usually can be controlled by storage at low temperatures. From 1994 to 1997, North Carolina averaged 2 cases annually; however, from July 1998 to February 1999, a total of 22 cases of histamine fish poisoning were reported., Objectives: To examine the increase in histamine case reports, identify risk factors for poisoning, and develop recommendations for prevention., Design and Setting: Case series evaluated in North Carolina from July 1998 to February 1999., Subjects: Reported case-patients with 2 of the following symptoms within 2 hours of eating tuna: rash, facial flushing, vomiting, diarrhea, dyspnea, a tight feeling in the throat, headache, or a metallic or peppery taste in the mouth., Results: Twenty cases occurred during 5 outbreaks, and there were 2 single occurrences. Of the 22 persons affected, 19 (86%) sought emergency medical care. All case-patients ate tuna: 18 ate tuna burgers, 2 ate salad containing tuna, and 2 ate filets. Tuna samples (available from 3 outbreaks) had histamine levels above the Food and Drug Administration regulatory level of 50 ppm (levels were between 213 and 3245 ppm). In 19 cases, the tuna used to prepare burgers or salads was frozen and thawed more than once before serving. Violations of recommended temperature controls were identified in 2 of the 5 restaurants, accounting for 14 (64%) cases., Conclusions: Tuna burgers, a relatively new menu item in restaurants, were associated with an increase in histamine poisoning cases in North Carolina. Tuna ground for burgers can be susceptible to both temperature fluctuations and bacterial contamination.
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. For labs, HIPAA a hassle but no horror.
- Author
-
Southwick K
- Subjects
- Computer Security legislation & jurisprudence, Confidentiality legislation & jurisprudence, Facility Regulation and Control, Humans, United States, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, Laboratories legislation & jurisprudence
- Published
- 2001
46. Back to the drawing board.
- Author
-
Southwick K
- Subjects
- Hospital Departments, Humans, Nursing, Supervisory, Phlebotomy nursing, Phlebotomy standards, Quality Control, Workforce, Phlebotomy methods
- Published
- 2001
47. Cluster of tuberculosis cases in North Carolina: possible association with atomizer reuse.
- Author
-
Southwick KL, Hoffmann K, Ferree K, Matthews J, and Salfinger M
- Subjects
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Bronchoscopes microbiology, Bronchoscopy, Cross Infection epidemiology, Cross Infection microbiology, Disease Outbreaks, Equipment Reuse, Female, Humans, Infection Control, Male, Middle Aged, Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolation & purification, North Carolina epidemiology, Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length, Sputum microbiology, Tuberculosis epidemiology, Tuberculosis microbiology, Cross Infection transmission, Equipment Contamination, Mycobacterium tuberculosis genetics, Nebulizers and Vaporizers microbiology, Tuberculosis transmission
- Abstract
Background: Three patients with identical strains of M tuberculosis (TB) underwent bronchoscopy on the same day at hospital A., Methods: We reviewed each patient's clinical history, hospital A's infection control practices for bronchoscopies, and specimen and isolate handling at each of 3 laboratories involved. We searched for possible community links between patients. Restriction fragment length polymorphism was performed on TB isolates., Results: The first patient who underwent bronchoscopy had biopsy-confirmed granulomatous pulmonary TB. A sputum sample collected from the third patient 6 weeks after the bronchoscopy produced an isolate with an identical restriction fragment length polymorphism pattern to isolates collected during the bronchoscopies. No evidence existed for community transmission or laboratory contamination; the only common link was the bronchoscopy. Different bronchoscopes were used for each patient. Hospital ventilation and wall-suctioning were functioning well. Respiratory technicians reported sometimes reusing the nozzles of atomizers on more than one patient. A possible mechanism for transmission was contamination from the first patient of the atomizer if it was used to apply lidocaine to the pharynx and nasal passages of other patients., Conclusions: A contaminated atomizer may have caused TB transmission during bronchoscopy. Hospital A changed to single-use atomizers after this investigation.
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Information please--SNOMED answers call.
- Author
-
Southwick K
- Subjects
- Humans, Internet, Terminology as Topic, United States, User-Computer Interface, Vocabulary, Controlled, Clinical Laboratory Information Systems, Medical Records Systems, Computerized classification, Pathology, Clinical
- Published
- 2001
49. Testing umbilical cords for funisitis due to Treponema pallidum infection, Bolivia.
- Author
-
Guarner J, Southwick K, Greer P, Bartlett J, Santander A, Blanco S, Pope V, Levine W, and Zaki S
- Subjects
- Antibodies, Bacterial isolation & purification, Bolivia epidemiology, Cohort Studies, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Necrosis, Prospective Studies, Syphilis epidemiology, Umbilical Cord abnormalities, Umbilical Cord microbiology, Syphilis diagnosis, Treponema pallidum isolation & purification, Umbilical Cord pathology
- Abstract
To establish the frequency of necrotizing funisitis in congenital syphilis, we conducted a prospective descriptive study of maternal syphilis in Bolivia by testing 1,559 women at delivery with rapid plasma reagin (RPR). We examined umbilical cords of 66 infants whose mothers had positive RPR and fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption tests. Histologic abnormalities were detected in 28 (42%) umbilical cords (seven [11%] had necrotizing funisitis with spirochetes; three [4%] had marked funisitis without necrosis; and 18 [27%] had mild funisitis), and 38 [58%] were normal. Of 22 umbilical cords of infants from mothers without syphilis (controls), only two (9%) showed mild funisitis; the others were normal. Testing umbilical cords by using immunohistochemistry is a research tool that can establish the frequency of funisitis due to Treponema pallidum infection.
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Bioelectronic chips could be big business for small firm.
- Author
-
Southwick K
- Subjects
- DNA analysis, Humans, Electronics, Medical
- Published
- 2000
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