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Clinical practice in developmental neuropsychology promotes early diagnosis and greater effectiveness of interventions for developmental disorders. The study's objective is to report the experiences of the Extension Program: Outpatient Clinic of Neuropsychology of Development at the Federal University of Bahia - Campus Anísio Teixeira (UFBA/IMS), Brazil, describing the procedures and results of the interventions. Forty-two children and adolescents with an average age of 8 years participated in the study. The children were evaluated, and the individualized rehabilitation program was started after diagnosis. The main instruments used in the evaluation and the intervention plans were described, demonstrating the results obtained in the clinical context. The interventions showed gains in skills that were the focus of stimulation. The program enabled a dialogue between the university and the community, as well as the training of trainees in pediatric neuropsychology, which is scarce in the city and region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the postoperative temporal changes in the tibial plateau angle (TPA) after a tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO) in dogs. The TPA of thirty-two dogs were measured before surgery (TPA1), immediately after the TPLO (TPA2), and later at the healing of the osteotomy site (TPA3). Three observers carried out three TPA measurements for each patient at the time of the evaluation. TPA changes were observed over the bone healing (2.05 ± 3.05°); however, no statistical significance was noted when comparing TPA3 and TPA1. There were no statistical differences in the inter-observer measurements among TPA1, TPA2, and TPA3 (P > 0.05). The comparison between the preoperative TPA1 and the rock back showed a low positive correlation (S = 4 735.9, P = 0.471 5, r = 0.131 976 9). There was also a low positive correlation between the body weight (kg) and the change in the TPA during the bone healing (S = 4 581.8, P = 0.381, r = 0.160 234 7). Although changes in the TPA have been observed over the time of the bone healing, they were not influenced by the preoperative and postoperative TPA, or by the body weight. The magnitude of the variation in the TPA is not determined by the previous inclination or by the degree of rotation in the plateau. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonconsensual pornography causes dramatic and, in some cases, irreversible harm to the victim. Beyond the obvious embarrassment suffered, victims are often threatened with bodily harm, fired from their jobs, or forced to change their names. Some have been driven to suicide. Today, intimate photo-sharing among partners is common, and not coincidentally, revenge porn postings are on the rise. In the absence of relevant criminal statutes, perpetrators are rarely held accountable for their actions and victims are rarely remedied. “In the real world, civil lawsuits are no remedy at all,” says Mitchell Matorin, an attorney who has represented revenge porn victims. Civil litigation is costly, and even if a lawyer is willing to take on a case, the harms inflicted on revenge porn victims often do not fit nicely into existing legal theories of remediable injury. To address this problem, twenty-seven states have enacted laws that criminalize the distribution of nonconsensual pornography. However, these state laws vary in scope, and they often contain loopholes, such as prohibiting prosecution when the images originated as “selfies,” or requiring a specific motive of the perpetrator. This leaves too many victims without a remedy. One state, Illinois, has crafted a law that addresses these failings. The Non-Consensual Dissemination of Private Sexual Images statute in the Illinois Criminal Code allows a revenge porn victim to recover damages no matter the origin of the images, and requires only an intent to disseminate the image rather than an intent to cause harm. This Article argues that lawmakers should adopt a federal criminal statute modeled after Illinois’ in order to prevent perpetrators of revenge porn from slipping through the cracks of inadequate state law. Part II describes how revenge porn has become a widespread problem within the United States, explaining why it should legally be considered a form of sexual abuse and addressing common misconceptions regarding consent in the context of personal-information sharing. Part III discusses the current lack of legal remedies available to revenge porn victims, and finally, Part IV proposes a comprehensive amendment to the United States Code aimed at closing common loopholes in revenge porn laws and providing victims with the recognition and remedies they deserve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laryngeal and tracheal tumors are rare in pets; some piece of information on their disease behavior, therapy and evolution are limited. Neoplasms in this area are a diagnostic challenge. In many cases, they can be biopsied and excised using endoscopic instruments, but there is no report of this in canines. The goal of this study is to report a successful case of a laryngeal neoplasm removal through endoscopy. A head and neck radiogram revealed a mass in the laryngeal lumen protruding into the trachea. The patient then underwent an endoscopy to confirm the radiographic diagnosis and to surgically remove the tumor. The histopathological diagnosis was poorly differentiated carcinoma. The most appropriate treatment for laryngeal tumors is the resection of the submucosa or a partial laryngectomy however, partial and total laryngectomies are associated with many postoperative complications. In contrast, the endoscopic approach allows for highly magnified visualization of the lesion in situ, which facilitates the surgical removal of the mass through videosurgery. With little manipulation of the affected area, the chances of postoperative complications are reduced, leading to a more rapid recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Ghrelin is a hormone synthesized by the stomach that acts in different tissues via a specific receptor (GHS-R1a), including hypothalamus and adipose tissue. For instance, recent reports have shown that ghrelin has a direct action on hypothalamic regulation of food intake mainly inducing an orexigenic effect. On the other hand, ghrelin also modulates energy stores and expenditure in the adipocytes. This dual action has suggested that this hormone may act as a link between the central nervous system and peripheral mechanisms. Furthermore, concerning nutritional disorders, it has been suggested that obesity may be considered an impairment of the above cited link. Therefore, considering that neonatal overfeeding induces obesity in adulthood by unknown mechanisms, in this study we examined the effects of early life overnutrition on the development of obesity and in particular on adipose tissue ghrelin signaling in young mice. Our data demonstrated that overnutrition during early life induces a significant increase in body weight of young mice, starting at 10days, and this increase in weight persisted until adulthood (90days of age). In these animals, blood glucose, liver weight and visceral fat weight were found higher at 21days when compared to the control group. Acylated ghrelin circulating levels were found lower in the young obese pups. In addition, in white adipose tissue ghrelin receptor (GHS-R1a) expression increased and was associated to positive modulation of content and phosphorylation of proteins involved in cell energy store and use as AKT, PI3K, AMPK, GLUT-4, and CPT1. However, PPARγ content decreased in obese group. Basically, we showed that adipose tissue metabolism is altered in early life acquired obesity and probably due to such modification a new pattern of ghrelin signaling pathway takes place. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A new possibility for estimating the octanol/water coefficient (log P) was investigated using only one descriptor, the semi-empirical electrotopological index (ISET). The predictability of four octanol/water partition coefficient (log P) calculation models was compared using a set of 131 aliphatic organic compounds from five different classes. Log P values were calculated employing atomic-contribution methods, as in the Ghose/Crippen approach and its later refinement, AlogP; using fragmental methods through the ClogP method; and employing an approach considering the whole molecule using topological indices with the MlogP method. The efficiency and the applicability of the ISET in terms of calculating log P were demonstrated through good statistical quality (r > 0.99; s < 0.18), high internal stability and good predictive ability for an external group of compounds in the same order as the widely used models based on the fragmental method, ClogP, and the atomic contribution method, AlogP, which are among the most used methods of predicting log P. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early postnatal nutrition has been associated with the long-term effects on glucose homeostasis in adulthood. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which undernutrition during early life leads to changes in insulin sensitivity, we investigated the insulin signaling in skeletal muscle of rats during development. Offspring of dams fed with either protein-free or normal diets during the first 10 days of lactation were studied from lactation period until adulthood. Early maternal undernutrition impaired secretion of insulin but maintained normal blood glucose levels until adulthood. Insulin receptor (IR) activation after insulin stimulation was decreased during the period of protein restriction. In addition, glucose uptake, insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) phosphorylation and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT-4) translocation in muscle were reduced in response to insulin during suckling. In contrast, non- or insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and GLUT-4 translocation were found significantly increased in muscle of adult offspring. Finally, basal association of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) with IRS-1 was increased and was highly stimulated by insulin in muscle from adult rats. Our findings suggest that early postnatal undernutrition increases insulin sensitivity in adulthood, which appears to be directly related to changes in critical steps required for glucose metabolism. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The genus Cerradoa (type species Cerradoa palmaea) was established in 1978 by Hennen and Ono and named after the Brazilian Cerrado biome. The holotype collected in Planaltina, Federal District, Brazil, belonged to the first rust fungus reported on palms (Arecaceae). For decades, the status of Cerradoa as a distinct genus has been regarded as doubtful, representing a synonym of Edythea (Uropyxidaceae) starting with the second edition of the Illustrated Genera of Rust Fungi in 1983. Our molecular phylogenetic analyses, as well as our morphological investigations, allowed us to reject this synonymy, leading to the reinstatement of Cerradoa within the Pucciniaceae. Cerradoa, together with morphologically similar genera such as the newly established Pseudocerradoa with two species (Ps. paullula and Ps. rhaphidophorae) infecting araceous hosts, the fern rust Desmella, and also P. engleriana, could not be assigned to any of the seven identified major lineages within the Pucciniaceae. Edythea, instead of being maintained as a member of the Uropyxidaceae, was herein placed in Pucciniaceae, shown phylogenetically in close relationship to Cumminsiella mirabilissima, both infecting the Berberidaceae. Additionally, our extensive phylogenetic analyses add guidance for future taxonomic revisions in the highly polyphyletic genus Puccinia and other established taxa within the family Pucciniaceae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Antimicrobial activity was attributed mainly to phenolic compounds enriched extract. • Extraction solvents interfere with the formation of methyl and ethyl gallates. • Flavonoids, gallotannins, gallic acid and their derivatives were the major compounds in the extracts. • Methanol and hydroethanolic extracts were the most active against Gram-positive bacteria (MRSA and VRE). Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi is a plant used in folk medicine in the treatment of various diseases and has several biological potentials. Its fruit is used as condiment and has high demand in the spice market. In the present study extracts of different polarities prepared from residues from the Brazilian pepper tree processing industry were characterized chemically by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and negative-ion mode electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI(-)FT-ICR MS). The antibacterial activity of the extracts was evaluated against multidrug-resistant strains of hospital origin (Staphylococcus aureus , Enterococcus faecium , Enterococcus faecalis , Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii) and standard strains (ATCC). The apolar fractions (dichloromethane and hexane) presented triterpenes as main components and the polar extracts (methanol and hydroethanolic extracts) were characterized by high contents of phenolic compounds, especially gallotannins, gallic acid and flavonoids. The methanolic fraction and the hydroethanolic extract of the residues were the most active mainly against S. aureus (MIC 0.60–0.90 mg/mL), E. faecium and E. faecalis (MIC 1.20–2.10 mg/mL). These results demonstrate the richness of bioactive compounds present in the residues and indicate a possible application of this material for the development of biotechnological products with potential against multidrug-resistant bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Overweight and obesity are closely linked to gut dysbiosis/dysmetabolism and disrupted De‐Ritis ratio [aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ratio], which may contribute to chronic noncommunicable diseases onset. Concurrently, extensive research explores nutraceuticals, and health‐enhancing supplements, for disease prevention or treatment. Thus, sedentary overweight volunteers were double‐blind randomized into two groups: Novel Nutraceutical_(S) (without silymarin) and Novel Nutraceutical (with silymarin). Experimental formulations were orally administered twice daily over 180 consecutive days. We evaluated fecal gut microbiota, based on partial 16S rRNA sequences, biochemistry and endocrine markers, steatosis biomarker (AST/ALT ratio), and anthropometric parameters. Post‐supplementation, only the Novel Nutraceutical group reduced Clostridium clostridioforme (Firmicutes), Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio (F/B ratio), and De‐Ritis ratio, while elevating Bacteroides caccae and Bacteroides uniformis (Bacteroidetes) in Brazilian sedentary overweight volunteers after 180 days. In summary, the results presented here allow us to suggest the gut microbiota as the action mechanism of the Novel Nutraceutical promoting metabolic hepatic recovery in obesity/overweight non‐drug interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the discourses of four teachers in two rural schools, considering the Articulated Action Plan (PAR) in Bragança-PA. The research methodology is qualitative. Data collection was done through a questionnaire and semi-structured interview, with a sample consisting of four teachers who work in two rural schools. The collected data were organized, tabulated and interpreted from the Discourse Analysis (AD), with the total or partial transcription of the discourses, considered more expressive. It is a fact that PAR investments for the Municipality of Bragança-PA present as a factor of transformation in the infrastructure of some schools of the field, however, this policy needs to adapt the specificities of the peasant communities and consider the opinions of the professionals who work. directly in these spaces, since infrastructure is an important factor that contributes to the quality of teaching and learning of students in the field in Bragança-PA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) commonly have energy consumption as a remarkable issue. Due to the popularity of Internet of Things (IoT) systems, attention has been devoted to low-power wide-area networks (LPWAN), concerning the influence of transceivers on energy utilization. For instance, the energy for a communication transceiver to send one single bit can be 1500 to 2000 times higher than the energy required to execute a single instruction. Therefore, evaluating the energy consumption of network physical layer for IoT systems is prominent for system design. This work presents a Colored Petri nets (CPN)-based framework for evaluating the energy consumption of LPWAN-based IoT systems, focusing on CPU and communication transceivers. The proposed model has been validated using a hardware platform with ARM7DMI and LoRa, and results indicate an error less than 1.4% and 0.14% for the CPU and network, respectively, and show the feasibility of the proposed model to estimate the impact of packet losses and timeout on the system performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Megacoelomyces (type species: Megacoelomyces sanchezii), an ascomycete asexual morph infecting Myrcia fenzliana (Myrtaceae) from the Brazilian Cerrado, is described as a new genus in the Phaeosphaeriaceae (Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota), based on multilocus phylogeny (three nuclear ribosomal DNA and two protein-coding genes) in addition to morphological (light and scanning electron microscopy) and ecological data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cladosterigma clavariellum has been treated as a basidiomycete since its first description by Spegazzini in 1886 as Microcera clavariella. After further morphological studies, between 1919 and 2011, it remained among the basidiomycetes, most recently as incertae sedis in the order Cryptobasidiales. Our studies, based on light and scanning electron microscopy, supported by multilocus phylogenetic analyses—second-largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1), small subunit (18S), large subunit (28S), and nuclear internal transcribed spacers (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 = ITS) of the nuclear rDNA sequences, and mitochondrial rDNA small subunit (mtSSU)—finally determined the phylogenetic placement of Cladosterigma as the first nonlichenicolous mycoparasitic member of the Gomphillaceae within the Graphidales, an ascomycete order previously composed predominantly of lichen-forming fungi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the uniparental genetic structure of the Punjabi population from mtDNA aspect and to set up an appropriate mtDNA forensic database, we studied maternally unrelated Punjabi (N = 100) subjects from two caste groups (i.e. Arain and Gujar) belonging to territory of Punjab. The complete control region was elucidated by Sanger sequencing and the subsequent 58 different haplotypes were designated into appropriate haplogroups according to the most recently updated mtDNA phylogeny. We found a homogenous dispersal of Eurasian haplogroup uniformity among the Punjab Province and exhibited a strong connotation with the European populations. Punjabi castes are primarily a composite of substantial South Asian, East Asian and West Eurasian lineages. Moreover, for the first time we have defined the newly sub-haplogroup M52b1 characterized by 16223 T, 16275 G and 16438 A in Gujar caste. The vast array of mtDNA variants displayed in this study suggested that the haplogroup composition radiates signals of extensive genetic conglomeration, population admixture and demographic expansion that was equipped with diverse origin, whereas matrilineal gene pool was phylogeographically homogenous across the Punjab. This context was further fully acquainted with the facts supported by PCA scatterplot that Punjabi population clustered with South Asian populations. Finally, the high power of discrimination (0.8819) and low random match probability (0.0085%) proposed a worthy contribution of mtDNA control region dataset as a forensic database that considered a gold standard of today to get deeper insight into the genetic ancestry of contemporary matrilineal phylogeny. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The insight heterodox genetics of mtDNA infer new perspectives at the level of human mitochondrial control region heteroplasmy, which is substantial in evolutionary as well as forensic interpretation. The main goal of this study is to interrogate the recurrence and resolve the ambiguity of blurry spectrum of heteroplasmy in the human mtDNA control region of 50 Baluchi and 116 Sindhi unrelated individuals. Sanger sequencing was employed classically, that was further investigated by minisequencing. Only 20% Baluchi and 25.8% Sindhi were homoplasmic, whereas rest of 80% Baluchi and 74.1% Sindhi exhibited at least one heteroplasmy within the specimen. In total, 166 individuals have length heteroplasmy (LH) found at positions 16189, 303-315, 568-573, and 514-524, whilst point mutation heteroplasmy (PMH) was detected at positions 73, 16093, 16189, and 16234, respectively. Overall LH was observed albeit high frequency in Sindhi ethnic group (82%) rather than Baluchi’s (37%), whereas PMH accumulation was relatively extensive (24%) in Baluchi’s than Sindhi’s (11.2%). The obtained results ascertained that growing knowledge of heteroplasmy assisted to develop consciences in the forensic community that heteroplasmy plays a pivotal role in the legal interpretation on a regular basis and knowledge of its biological underpinnings has a vital niche in the forensic science. Limited studies have focused on heteroplasmy, yet scientific attention should be given, in order to determine its magnitude in different ethnic boundaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to its geo strategic position at the crossroad of Asia, Pakistan has gained crucial importance of playing its pivotal role in subsequent human migratory events, both prehistoric and historic. This human movement became possible through an ancient overland network of trails called “The Silk Route” linking Asia Minor, Middle East China, Central Asia and Southeast Asia. This study was conducted to analyze complete mitochondrial control region samples of 100 individuals of four major Pashtun tribes namely, Bangash, Khattak, Mahsuds and Orakzai in the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. All Pashtun tribes revealed high genetic diversity which is comparable to the other Central Asian, Southeast Asian and European populations. The configuration of genetic variation and heterogeneity further unveiled through Multidimensional Scaling, Principal Component Analysis and phylogenetic analysis. The results revealed that Pashtun are the composite mosaic of West Eurasian ancestry of numerous geographic origin. They received substantial gene flow during different invasive movements and have a high element of the Western provenance. The most common haplogroups reported in this study are: South Asian haplogroups M (28%) and R (8%); whereas, West Asians haplogroups are present, albeit in high frequencies (67%) and widespread over all; HV (15%), U (17%), H (9%), J (8%), K (8%), W (4%), N (3%) and T (3%). Moreover, we linked the unexplored genetic connection between Ashkenazi Jews and Pashtun. The presence of specific haplotypes J1b (4%) and K1a1b1a (5%) pointed to a genetic connection of Jewish conglomeration in Khattak tribe. This was a result of an ancient genetic influx in the early Neolithic period that led to the formation of a diverse genetic substratum in present day Pashtun. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Abstract: Ghrelin, an endogenous ligand of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R), has been suggested to be associated to obesity, insulin secretion, cardiovascular growth and homeostasis. GHS-R has been found in most of the tissues, and among the hormone action it is included the regulation of heart energy metabolism. Therefore, hypernutrition during early life leads to obesity, induces cardiac hypertrophy, compromises myocardial function, inducing heart failure in adulthood. We examined ghrelin signaling process in cardiac remodeling in these obese adult mice. The cardiomyocytes (cmy) of left ventricle were analyzed by light microscopy and stereology, content and phosphorilation of cardiac proteins: ghrelin receptor (growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a, GHSR-1a), protein kinase B (AKT and pAKT), phosphatidil inositol 3 kinase (PI3K), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK and pAMPK) and actin were achieved by Western blotting. GHSR-1a gene expression was analyzed by Real Time-PCR. We observed hyperglycemia and higher liver and visceral fat weight in obese when compared to control group. Obese mice presented a marked increase in heart weight/tibia length, indicating an enlarged heart size or a remodeling process. Obese mice had increased GHSR-1a content and expression in the heart associated to PI3K content and increased AKT content and phosphorylation. In contrast, AMPK content and phosphorylation in heart was not different between experimental groups. Ghrelin plasma levels in obese group were decreased when compared to control group. Our data suggest that remodeled myocardial in adult obese mice overnourished in early life are associated with higher phosphorylation of GHSR-1a, PI3K and AKT but not with AMPK. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Objectives This study examined the effect of Vitis vinifera grape skin extract (ACH09) on hyperglycaemia and the insulin-signalling cascade in alloxan-treated mice. Methods Glycaemia, serum insulin and Western blot analysis of insulin cascade proteins were evaluated in the gastrocnemius muscles of four groups of adult mice: control, ACH09 (200 mg/kg per day, p.o.), alloxan (300 mg/kg, i.p.) and alloxan + ACH09. Insulin secretion in isolated pancreatic islets was also studied. Key findings Glycaemia values in the alloxan + ACH09 and ACH09 groups were significantly lower than in the alloxan-treated and control groups, respectively. Increased insulin resistance (HOMA index) was observed in the alloxan-treated group but not in the alloxan + ACH09 group. Insulin receptor content and Akt phosphorylation were significantly greater in the alloxan + ACH09 group compared with the alloxan-treated group. The glucose transporter (GLUT-4) content was reduced in alloxan-treated mice compared with the control group, while alloxan + ACH09 and ACH09-treated mice showed a significant increase in GLUT-4 content. ACH09 treatment did not change glucose-induced insulin secretion in isolated pancreatic islets. Conclusions The results suggest that ACH09 has hypoglycaemic and antihyperglycaemic effects that are independent of an increase in insulin release but are probably dependent on an increase in insulin sensitivity resulting from an activation of the insulin-signalling cascade in skeletal muscle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study investigated the effects of early life overfeeding on metabolic alterations, heart morphology and left ventricular insulin signaling pathway, mainly the glucose transporters GLUT1, GLUT4 and pAKT/AKT ratio. Wistar rats were overfed using the litter size reduction method. The pups were studies at age of 10 and 21 days. We measured heart GLUT1, GLUT4, AKT and pAKT. Animal weight and length, total body lipid, glycogen content, and the plasma levels of insulin, glucose, total cholesterol and triglycerides were measured. Cardiac hypertrophy was evaluated by heart weight/tibia length ratio. Our results showed that overfed animals were overweight, displayed high total body lipids, insulin, glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides plasma levels, and left ventricular hypertrophy with increasing of pAKT/AKT ratio. Moreover, the heart of overfed animals displayed a precocious translocation of GLUT4 and decreased content of GLUT1. In conclusion, we suggest that overfeeding during lactation might induce metabolic and cardiac alterations early in life, leading to the development of cardiac hypertrophy due anticipated insulin dependence created by earlier GLUT4 heart appearance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]