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Background Health systems are complex systems involving a vast range of actors. In West Africa, they are often not accessible or responsive. Burkina Faso has widely expressed, in its public health policy, the need to improve both access to quality care and health system responsiveness. There is also a strong wish to give more voice to citizens. To support Burkinabè institutions in achieving these goals, we have developed an action research (AR) protocol. Objective This paper presents the protocol that will address citizens’ participation in health policies and their empowerment through the expression of opinions, for accountability, as well as the strengthening of the health system using information and communication technologies (ICTs). Methods Our approach will consist of (1) enabling people to express their opinions on the health system by means of a toll-free (TF) service coupled with an interactive voice server (IVS); (2) building an information base with anonymous and reliable data; and (3) conducting information awareness-raising activities, including knowledge transfer (KT) and advocacy, social integration activities, development of OpenData platforms, and the capitalization and media coverage of governance issues. For this purpose, the AR project will be implemented in Burkina Faso. The design uses a concurrent mixed-methods approach. This AR project will evaluate the acceptability, process, effectiveness, and economic costs of the device’s implementation. We will also analyze the potential for the data collected by the device to be used to improve practices. Results Data collection is in progress; the TF number was officially launched on July 1, 2020, and data collection is planned to continue throughout 2021. By using mixed methods, our AR will be approached from a variety of perspectives. Mixed methods will support us in combining the partial insights into sophisticated realities from qualitative inquiries with the data analyses produced by quantitative research. Conclusions This AR is expected to add knowledge on how to increase the empowerment of the population, especially the most vulnerable, to participate in democratic processes and enjoy and exercise their human rights. This protocol recommends implementing a low-cost, contextually adapted technology, associated with an evidence-based approach and carried out on a significant scale. The originality of this approach lies in the fact that it introduces a real AR dimension with local communities and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), combined with an integrated strategy of KT and application throughout the project for all stakeholders. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/28780

The aim of this work is to show that education contributes to economic growth, that is to say that there is a relationship between the variables of education and economic growth in Senegal. There are several studies that have examined the relationship between education and economic growth microeconomic point of view, as well as macroeconomic, both theoretically and empirically. Empirical studies that have been done around the world, do not agree on the fact that education has a positive effect on economic growth. This ambiguity has led us to participate in the debate by testing the impact and effectiveness of education on productivity Senegalese companies. This last play an important part in the process of economic growth in Senegal. Indeed, sectors (primary, secondary and tertiary) in which firms are divided contribute more than 80% of gross domestic product in Senegal in 2011. We stand out a little empirical studies have investigated the relationship starting directly the link between education (represented by the quantitative and qualitative variables) and economic growth (represented by gross domestic product). We hypothesize that if human capital positively affects business productivity and it is effective, productivity gains will in turn boost economic growth, all other things being equal. Using OLS and stochastic frontier approach to production, we were able to find that education has a positive effect on economic growth in Senegal, through the positive impact levels Studies of company executive and employee productivity. This allowed us to answer our research question. Adopting the method of data envelopment (DEA), we found that most Senegalese firms are inefficient in terms of utilization of human capital of the worker. Indeed, in the traditional sector 3% of 259 companies are efficient, in the modern sector 4.34% of 46, in services 0.49% of 117 and in trade 0.85% of 203., L'objectif du travail est de montrer que l'éducation contribue à la croissance économique, c'est-à-dire qu'il existe un lien entre les variables de l'éducation et la croissance économique au Sénégal. Il existe plusieurs études qui se sont intéressées à la relation entre l'éducation et la croissance économique du point de vue microéconomique, tout comme macroéconomique, tant sur le plan théorique qu'empirique. Les études empiriques qui ont été faites un peu partout à travers le monde, ne s'accordent pas sur le fait que l'éducation a un effet positif sur la croissance économique. Cette ambiguïté nous a amené à participer au débat en testant l'effet et l'efficacité de l'éducation sur la productivité des entreprises sénégalaises. Ces dernières occupent une part importante dans le processus de croissance économique du Sénégal. En effet, les secteurs (primaire, secondaire et tertiaire) dans lesquels les entreprises sont réparties contribuent pour plus de 80% au produit intérieur brut du Sénégal en 2011. Nous nous démarquons un peu des études empiriques qui ont étudié la relation en partant directement du lien entre éducation (représentée par ces variables quantitatives et qualitatives) et la croissance économique (représentée par le produit intérieur brut). Nous faisons l'hypothèse que si le capital humain influence positivement la productivité des entreprises et s'il est efficace, les gains de productivité en résultant vont à leur tour accroître la croissance économique, toutes choses étant égales par ailleurs. L'utilisation de la méthode des MCO et de l'approche par la frontière stochastique de production, nous a permis de trouver que l'éducation produit un effet positif sur la croissance économique du Sénégal, à travers l'impact positif des niveaux d'études du chef d'entreprise et du salarié sur la productivité. Cela nous a permis d'apporter une réponse à notre question de recherche. Adoptant la méthode d'enveloppement de données (DEA), nous avons trouvé que la plupart des entreprises sénégalaises sont inefficaces en termes d'utilisation du capital humain du travailleur. En effet, dans le secteur traditionnel 3% sur 259 entreprises sont efficaces, dans le secteur moderne 4,34% sur 46, dans les services 0,49% sur 117 et le commerce 0,85% sur 203.