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• HYCON device can be used effectively for en masse retraction of anterior teeth. • Recommended in maximum anchorage cases. • Careful monitoring for root resorption is required. Rapid distraction of the periodontal ligament is an effective method to shorten the orthodontic treatment time. The objectives of the present study were to assess the effects of an HYCON device (Adenta GmbH, Germany) on the rate of en masse retraction of the anterior teeth, duration of retraction, anchorage loss, root resorption, and soft tissue changes. This study was conducted on 60 female patients aged >18 years, divided randomly into two equal groups: Group 1 comprised 30 patients with HYCON, and group 2 comprised 30 patients with nickel-titanium closed coil springs. Skeletal, dental, and soft tissue changes were evaluated on pre- and post-retraction lateral cephalograms, and the rates of anterior tooth movement and anchorage loss were assessed monthly on the dental casts of the patients. Root resorption was assessed using intraoral periapical radiograph. Student's t test was used for the analysis of parametric data, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for nonparametric data. HYCON significantly shortened the retraction duration by 3 months. The rate of anterior teeth retraction was two times faster in group 1, compared with group 2. There was a significant difference in the anchorage loss between the groups in only first 2 months of treatment. Group 2 showed significantly more root resorption and soft tissue changes than group 1 (P < 0.05). HYCON is an effective device for significantly shortening the duration of retraction with anchorage loss of 2 to 2.5 mm. However, careful monitoring for possible root resorption should be performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: A missing bilateral maxillary lateral incisor (MBMLI) causes aesthetic and functional problems and a multidisciplinary approach is required for treatment. This study aimed to compare the changes in the mesiodistal axial angulations of the maxillary canines and central incisors with orthodontic treatment of MBMLI. (2) Methods: A total of 56 patients with MBMLI were included in the study, and three groups were formed: the control group (Group 1, n = 20) with untreated ideal occlusion and the space opening (Group 2, n = 20) and space closure (Group 3, n = 16) groups as treated study groups. The mesiodistal angulations between the long axes of the maxillary right canine (tooth no 13), right central incisor (tooth no 11), left central incisor (tooth no 21) and maxillary left canine (tooth no 23), and the bicondylar plane, were measured on the panoramic radiographs taken pre (T0) and post treatment (T1). p < 0.05 was accepted for statistical significance. (3) Results: At T0, while there was no significant difference between the mesiodistal angulations of the right–left maxillary canines and central incisors in all groups (p > 0.05), the mesiodistal angulations of the canines in the Group 1 were significantly higher than the study groups (p < 0.05). With treatment, while the mesiodistal angulation of the canines increased in Group 2, it decreased in Group 3 (p < 0.05). On the other hand, the mesiodistal angulation of the central incisors decreased in Group 2 and did not change in Group 3 (p > 0.05). At T1, the mesiodistal angulation of the canines was found to be lower in Group 3 than in Groups 1 and 2, while the angulation of the central incisors was found to be lower in Group 2 compared to Group 1 (p < 0.05). (4) Conclusions: In the orthodontic treatment of MBMLIs, changes in the mesiodistal angulations of the maxillary canine and central incisors should be taken into account for satisfactory outcomes. It was concluded that there should be a tendency to select the space closure method in which normal mesiodistal angulations are obtained in maxillary central incisors for aesthetics and planned incisor position, and also at a low cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In order to obtain satisfactory treatment outcomes, orthodontic space closure frequently requires trustworthy anchoring devices. Because they are easier to install and smaller than regular implants, mini-implants have become a viable option. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of regular implants versus mini-implants as orthodontic anchoring devices for closing gaps in a tertiary care context. Methods: A total of 100 patients who needed space closure were split into two groups at random and given regular implants (group B, n = 50) or mini-implants (group A, n = 50). The rate of space closure, anchoring loss, and patient pain were measured using visual analog scales as the primary end measures. Resonance frequency analysis was used to assess implant stability. Based on implant survival and the lack of peri-implant problems, success rates were calculated. Findings: Mini-implants showed much lower rates of patient pain (P < 0.001) and anchoring loss (P < 0.05) than normal implants; however, they did show comparable rates of space closure (P = 0.42). In addition, mini-implants had comparable success rates (P = 0.78) and greater implant stability (P < 0.01) when compared to normal implants. Conclusion: In conclusion, mini-implants have benefits in anchorage preservation, patient comfort, and implant stability over regular implants when used as orthodontic anchoring devices for space closure. They also offer equivalent effectiveness. These results provide credence to the use of mini-implants as practical substitutes in orthodontic practice.

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Abstract Objectives This study aimed to investigate vertical changes in the maxillary central incisor and the maxillary first molar, along with alterations in the mandibular plane angle during space closure using miniscrew sliding mechanics. Methods Twenty adult patients treated at Peking University Hospital of Stomatology between 2008 and 2013 were included. Digital dental models and craniofacial cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were obtained at the start of treatment (T0) and immediately after space closure (T1). Stable miniscrews were used for superimposing maxillary digital dental models (T0 and T1), and vertical changes in the maxillary first molar and the maxillary central incisor were measured. Three-dimensional changes in the mandibular plane were assessed through CBCT superimposition. Results The maxillary central incisor exhibited an average extrusion of 2.56 ± 0.18 mm, while the maxillary first molar showed an average intrusion of 1.25 ± 1.11 mm with a distal movement of 0.97 ± 0.99 mm. Additionally, the mandibular plane angle decreased by an average of 0.83 ± 1.65°. All three indices exhibited statistically significant differences. Conclusion During space closure using the miniscrew sliding technique, significant changes occurred in both the sagittal and vertical dimensions of the upper dentition. This included extrusion of the maxillary central incisors, intrusion of the maxillary first molars, and a slight counterclockwise rotation of the mandibular plane.

Aim of the study: The aim of the study the aim of the study was to analyze the effectiveness of orthodontic space closure treatment in patients with congenitally missing of upper lateral incisors (CMULI). Materials and methods. The study was carried out on a group of 25 patients with CMULI aged between 7-25 years (average age 14.6 years), who presented themselves for CMULI treatment. Fixed orthodontic appliance, protraction facial mask and class III elastics were applied to all patients. The cephalometric radiographs before and after treatment were analyzed to observe if the application of the orthodontic appliance produces dento-alveolar retrusion and the statistical correlations between the studied parameters were analysed. Results. The statistical analysis of the studied variables showed that there are no statistically significant correlations between the initial and final cephalometric values, obtained after the orthodontic treatment. Conclusions The association of fixed orthodontic appliances together with protraction facemask and class III elastics represents an effective method of treatment of congenitally missing of upper lateral incisor.

Abstract Background Clinicians agree that obtaining and retaining good treatment results for missing maxillary central incisors owing to trauma is not easy. Management of adult patients with permanent maxillary central incisor loss who visit the clinic with high expectations for aesthetics and function pose a significant diagnostic dilemma. Therefore, esthetic and functional outcomes should be taken into consideration when deciding the proper treatment method. The treatment described in this study aimed to reestablish smile esthetics by proposing an effective multidisciplinary clinical approach that includes orthodontic-prosthetic-periodontal procedures, optimally reduced lip protrusion, center dental midlines, and establishment of stable occlusion. Case presentation The patient was a 19-year-old adult female with bimaxillary arch protrusion who had been wearing removable dentures for several years since the loss of her maxillary central permanent incisors. A multidisciplinary treatment including the extraction of two mandibular primary premolars was adopted. The treatment plan consisted of orthodontic space closure by shifting the adjacent teeth towards the central incisor spaces combined with appropriate morphologic remodeling and gingival reshaping to obtain good aesthetic and functional results. The duration to complete the orthodontic treatment was 35 months. Clinical and radiographic results after treatment suggested smile harmony with an improvement in the facial profile, good function of the occlusion, and a positive effect on bone remodeling in the area of the missing incisors during orthodontic tooth movement. Conclusions This clinical case illustrated the necessity for using multidisciplinary methods involving orthodontic, prosthodontic, and periodontic procedures to treat an adult female patient with bimaxillary arch protrusion and long-term absence of anterior teeth due to severe trauma.

Objectives: To analyse the morphometric changes in the anterior alveolar bone of both the maxilla and mandible after space closure and retention for 18‐36 mo in adults and adolescents. Materials and Methods: Forty‐two subjects with 4 first premolars extracted followed by retracting anterior teeth were included and divided into two age groups: adult group (4 males, 17 females, mean age: 23.67 ± 5.29 y, treatment duration: 27.95 mo, retention duration: 26.96 mo, ANB: 4.8 ± 2.1, U1‐L1: 117.2 ± 9.2, U1‐PP: 120.2 ± 7.2, L1‐MP: 99.2 ± 5.3) and adolescent group (6 males, 15 females, mean age: 11.52 ± 1.21 y, treatment duration: 26.18 mo, retention duration: 25.79 mo, ANB: 5.2 ± 2.1, U1‐L1: 116.0 ± 8.6, U1‐PP: 119.8 ± 4.9, L1‐MP: 99.7 ± 4.9). Alveolar bone height and thickness of anterior teeth in both groups were measured using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging performed at the pretreatment (T1), posttreatment (T2) and retention phases (T3). One‐way repeated‐measure ANOVAs were performed to evaluate the alveolar bone changes. Voxel‐based superimpositions were performed to measure the amount of tooth movement. Results: After orthodontic treatment, the lingual bone height and thickness of both arches and the labial bone height of the mandible decreased significantly in both age groups (P <.05). Most of the labial bone height and thickness of the maxilla in both groups remained unchanged (P >.05). After retention, the lingual bone height and thickness increased significantly in both age groups (P <.05). The amounts of increased height ranged from 1.08 to 1.64 mm in adults and from 0.78 to 1.21 mm in adolescents, and the amounts of increased thickness ranged from 0.23 mm to 0.62 mm in adults and from 0.16 mm to 0.36 mm in adolescents. Obvious movements of the anterior teeth during retention were not found (P >.05). Conclusions: Although lingual alveolar bone loss occurred in adolescents and adults during orthodontic treatment, continuous remodelling occurred in the later retention phase, which provides a reference for clinical treatment planning of bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. This study aimed to assess the effect of premolar extraction and anchorage type for orthodontic space closure on upper airway dimensions and position of hyoid bone in adults by cephalometric assessment. Methods. This retrospective study was conducted on 142 cephalograms of patients who underwent orthodontic treatment with premolar extraction in four groups of (I) 40 class I patients with bimaxillary protrusion and maximum anchorage, (II) 40 class I patients with moderate crowding and anchorage, (III) 40 class II patients with maximum anchorage, and (IV) 22 skeletal class III patients with maximum anchorage. The dimensions of the nasopharynx, velopharynx, oropharynx, and hypopharynx, and hyoid bone position were assessed on pre- and postoperative lateral cephalograms using AudaxCeph v6.1.4.3951 software. Data were analyzed by the Chi-square test, paired t-test, and Pearson's correlation test (alpha = 0.05). Results. A significant reduction in oropharyngeal, velopharyngeal, and hypopharyngeal airway dimensions was noted in groups I, III, and IV (P <0.001), which was correlated with the magnitude of retraction of upper and lower incisors (r = 0.6 - 0.8). In group II, a significant increase was observed in oropharyngeal and velopharyngeal dimensions (P < 0.001). A significant increase in nasopharyngeal dimensions occurred in all groups (P < 0.001). Also, in groups I and III, the position of hyoid bone changed downwards and backwards, which was correlated with reduction in airway dimensions (r = 0.4 - 0.6). Conclusion. According to the present results, extraction orthodontic treatment affects upper airway dimensions and hyoid bone position. Maximum anchorage decreases airway dimensions while moderate anchorage increases airway dimensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Selcuk Dental Journal is the property of Selcuk Dental Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Amaç: Daimi birinci büyük azı dişlerinin erken çekimi sonrası istenen, ikinci büyük azı dişinin boşluğu kapatarak ikinci küçük azı dişiyle kontak oluşturmasıdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı; daimi birinci büyük azı dişlerinin çekimi sonrası, çekim boşluğunun kapanmasının ve orta hattaki kaymanın incelenmesidir. Gereç ve yöntem: Pedodonti Kliniğinde 7-12 yaş arasında, tek taraflı daimi birinci büyük azı dişleri çekilmiş 26 hastanın çekim öncesi ve çekim sonrası panoramik radyografları (OPG) karşılaştırıldı. Çekim öncesi ve sonrası daimi ikinci büyük azı ve ikinci küçük azı dişleri arası mesafe ve orta hat kaymaları OPG üzerinden hesaplandı. Elde edilen verilerin istatiksel analizi IBM SPSS programı ile yapıldı. Bulgular: Hastaların, diş çekimi yaş ortalaması 10,30±1,37 olup, ortalama takip süresi 20,46±6,17 ay olarak tespit edilmiştir. 11 erkek 15 kız çalışmada değerlendirilmiştir. Çekim öncesi ve çekim sonrası arasında ortalama yer kaybı 7,09±3,01 olarak belirlenmiştir. Çekim boşluğunun tamamen kapanması 7 dişte gözlenmiştir. Hastaların 20’sinde orta hat kayması görülmüş ve 15 dişin çekilen dişin tarafına doğru kaydığı gözlemiştir. Orta hat kayma miktarının ortalaması 1,71±3,01 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç: Çalışmamızda, çekimden sonra az sayıda vakada çekim boşluğunun kapandığı görülmüştür. Ayrıca orta hat kaymasının sık görüldüğü tespit edilmiştir. Daimi birinci büyük azı dişlerinin çekimlerinin değerlendirildiği daha fazla sayıda klinik çalışmaya ihtiyaç vardır. Anahtar kelimeler: Birinci daimi büyük azı dişi, Boşluk kapanması, Erken çekim

Background This study aimed to assess the effect of premolar extraction and anchorage type for orthodontic space closure on upper airway dimensions and position of hyoid bone in adults by cephalometric assessment. Methods This retrospective study was conducted on 142 cephalograms of patients who underwent orthodontic treatment with premolar extraction in four groups of (I) 40 class I patients with bimaxillary protrusion and maximum anchorage, (II) 40 class I patients with moderate crowding and anchorage, (III) 40 class II patients with maximum anchorage, and (IV) 22 skeletal class III patients with maximum anchorage. The dimensions of the nasopharynx, velopharynx, oropharynx, and hypopharynx, and hyoid bone position were assessed on pre- and postoperative lateral cephalograms using AudaxCeph v6.1.4.3951 software. Data were analyzed by the Chi-square test, paired t-test, and Pearson’s correlation test (alpha = 0.05). Results A significant reduction in oropharyngeal, velopharyngeal, and hypopharyngeal airway dimensions was noted in groups I, III, and IV (P

Objective: To assess the congruity of Moyers’ dental analysis in Pakistani individuals and to make tables foreseeing the size of non-erupted permanent premolars and canines in children. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Orthodontics Department of Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry (AFID) Rawalpindi, Pakistan. This was conducted from January 2020 to December 2021 and included mixed dentition subjects’ casts. Mesiodistal widths (MDW) of the permanent dentition were estimated and contrasted with the anticipated values that emerged from the Moyer’s mixed dentition examination. Students t-test, simple linearregression and Pearson correlation coefficient examination were utilized for statistical correlation. All data was gathered utilizing an electronic digital caliper and further investigated through IBM SPSS Statistics 24. Results: Dental casts of the 258 subjects, 106 (41%) males and 152 (58.9%) females with the ages ranging 15.825±2.95 years were analyzed. Tooth size contrasts were significant (p <0.05) which was noticed in comparison to Moyer’s predictive table. This demonstrates a bigger tooth size in young men than in young ladies. New probability tables were created through linear regression equations for our population. Conclusion: Moyer’s prediction cannot be applied to the Pakistani population. Mandibular incisors in addition to maxillary first molars are superior in prediction for the size assessment of canines and premolars (cp) that are unerupted in males and upper arch only in females. Another noteworthy conclusion is that in our study sample, in lower arch of females, the width of mandibular molars with mandibular incisors predicts better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Clinicians agree that obtaining and retaining good treatment results for missing maxillary central incisors owing to trauma is not easy. Management of adult patients with permanent maxillary central incisor loss who visit the clinic with high expectations for aesthetics and function pose a significant diagnostic dilemma. Therefore, esthetic and functional outcomes should be taken into consideration when deciding the proper treatment method. The treatment described in this study aimed to reestablish smile esthetics by proposing an effective multidisciplinary clinical approach that includes orthodontic-prosthetic-periodontal procedures, optimally reduced lip protrusion, center dental midlines, and establishment of stable occlusion. Case presentation: The patient was a 19-year-old adult female with bimaxillary arch protrusion who had been wearing removable dentures for several years since the loss of her maxillary central permanent incisors. A multidisciplinary treatment including the extraction of two mandibular primary premolars was adopted. The treatment plan consisted of orthodontic space closure by shifting the adjacent teeth towards the central incisor spaces combined with appropriate morphologic remodeling and gingival reshaping to obtain good aesthetic and functional results. The duration to complete the orthodontic treatment was 35 months. Clinical and radiographic results after treatment suggested smile harmony with an improvement in the facial profile, good function of the occlusion, and a positive effect on bone remodeling in the area of the missing incisors during orthodontic tooth movement. Conclusions: This clinical case illustrated the necessity for using multidisciplinary methods involving orthodontic, prosthodontic, and periodontic procedures to treat an adult female patient with bimaxillary arch protrusion and long-term absence of anterior teeth due to severe trauma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Increased orthodontic treatment duration is associated with iatrogenic risks such as root resorption, white spot lesions etc. Recent research using pharmacological agents to accelerate tooth movement has mostly been conducted on animals and there is no reported research conducted on humans comparing the effects of Vitamin D3 and Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) in the same subjects using a split mouth technique. Objectives: To determine and compare effects of local injection of PRP and Vitamin D3 on the rate of tooth movement. Also, to assess association of external apical root resorption with the use of PRP, Vitamin D3 and compare it to a control group. Materials & methods: 11 subjects who diagnosed with Class I bi-maxillary malocclusion and who gave informed consent were recruited in the study. The patients were randomly divided using split mouth design and each quadrant served as either experimental or control group one. At the beginning of retraction phase, Vitamin D3 and PRP were injected to the randomly assigned quadrants while the contralateral side served as a control. The amount of space closure in 4 months was measured from distal surface of canine to mesial surface of 2nd premolar. Root resorption was assessed using CBCT taken at the beginning and at the closure of retraction phase. Results: Mean rate of tooth movement was higher in PRP and Vitamin D3 groups compared to their controls. In the PRP group, the increased rate of tooth movement was observed throughout the study interval, but in the Vitamin D3 group it was only seen in first two months. Also, the PRP group demonstrated a higher rate of tooth movement compared to Vitamin D3 group. Root resorption was lesser in both experimental groups. Among the teeth assessed, lateral incisor showed maximum root resorption and canine the least. Conclusions: PRP is a more efficient pharmacological agent compared to Vitamin D3 for accelerating tooth movement.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate pre-extraction variables associated with spontaneous space closure between the permanent second molar (PSM) and the second premolar following early extraction of the permanent first molar (PFM). Additionally, this study aimed to assess supereruption in compensated and uncompensated maxillary molars to determine if compensating extraction increases the odds of spontaneous space closure. Methods: A total of 134 patients aged six to 12 years with extracted PFM(s) were evaluated for spontaneous mandibular space closure. Panoramic radiographs were reviewed to assess pre-extraction variables. Bitewing radiographs of 156 patients aged six to 13 years with previous PFM extractions were used to measure supereruption in compensated and uncompensated extractions. Both compensated and uncompensated extractions were evaluated for complete mandibular space closure. Results: Statistically significant predictors of space closure included extraction at age eight to 10 years (P=0.04; 95 percent confidence interval [95% Cl] equals 0.08 to 0.91), permanent third molar presence (P=0.02; 95% Cl equals 1.16 to 4.9), and follow-up time (P=0.001; 95% Cl equals 1.16 to 1.69). The odds of uncompensated PFM super-eruption were greater than those of compensated PFM supereruption (P<0.001; 95% Cl equals 1.86 to 6.92). Additional follow-up increased the odds of supereruption (P<0.001; 95% Cl equals 1.08 to 130). Uncompensated extractions did not reduce the odds of spontaneous space closure (P=0.54; 95% Cl equals 0.56 to 3.08). Conclusions: Permanent first molar extraction later than age 10 years is a negative predictor for spontaneous space closure, while permanent third molar presence is a positive predictor. Uncompensated maxillary PFMs do not inhibit spontaneous permanent mandibular second molar space closure; however, uncompensated extractions are more likely to supererupt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increased orthodontic treatment duration is associated with iatrogenic risks such as root resorption, white spot lesions etc. Recent research using pharmacological agents to accelerate tooth movement has mostly been conducted on animals and there is no reported research conducted on humans comparing the effects of Vitamin D3 and Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) in the same subjects using a split mouth technique. To determine and compare effects of local injection of PRP and Vitamin D3 on the rate of tooth movement. Also, to assess association of external apical root resorption with the use of PRP, Vitamin D3 and compare it to a control group. 11 subjects who diagnosed with Class I bi-maxillary malocclusion and who gave informed consent were recruited in the study. The patients were randomly divided using split mouth design and each quadrant served as either experimental or control group one. At the beginning of retraction phase, Vitamin D3 and PRP were injected to the randomly assigned quadrants while the contralateral side served as a control. The amount of space closure in 4 months was measured from distal surface of canine to mesial surface of 2nd premolar. Root resorption was assessed using CBCT taken at the beginning and at the closure of retraction phase. Mean rate of tooth movement was higher in PRP and Vitamin D3 groups compared to their controls. In the PRP group, the increased rate of tooth movement was observed throughout the study interval, but in the Vitamin D3 group it was only seen in first two months. Also, the PRP group demonstrated a higher rate of tooth movement compared to Vitamin D3 group. Root resorption was lesser in both experimental groups. Among the teeth assessed, lateral incisor showed maximum root resorption and canine the least. PRP is a more efficient pharmacological agent compared to Vitamin D3 for accelerating tooth movement. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Extraction of the permanent first molars is sometimes necessitated in children and adolescents due to deep carious lesions or developmental defects., Objective: To estimate the prevalence of spontaneous space closure after extraction of permanent first molars and identify factors associated with it., Search Methods: Unrestricted searches in five databases for human studies until February 2024., Selection Criteria: Longitudinal before-and-after (cohort) human studies assessing eruption of the permanent second molars and spontaneous space closure after extraction of the permanent first molar., Data Collection and Analysis: Study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were performed in duplicate. Random-effects meta-analyses of average spontaneous space closure prevalences and odds ratios (OR) with their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were performed, followed by meta-regression/sensitivity/reporting biases' analyses and evaluation of our confidence in effect estimates., Results: Sixteen reports pertaining to 15 studies (1 prospective /14 retrospective) were included covering 1159 patients (ages 5.5-15.0 years [mean 10.0 years]; 45% male on average) and 2310 permanent second molars. The prevalence of spontaneous space closure was higher in the maxilla (nine studies; 85.3%; 95% CI = 73.7%-92.3%) than the mandible (11 studies; 48.1%; 95% CI = 34.5%-62.0%) to a significant extent (nine studies; OR = 7.77; 95% CI = 4.99-12.11; P < 0.001). For both maxillary/mandibular second molars, Demirjian category E was associated with increased space closure odds than earlier/later stages (P < 0.05). Spontaneous space closure in the mandible was seen more often for patients ages 8-10 years (compared with older patients; three studies; OR = 3.32; 95% CI = 1.73-6.36; P < 0.001) and when the mandibular permanent third molar was present (four studies; OR = 2.28; 95% CI = 1.67-3.09; P = 0.003). Additional analyses failed to find any significant modifying factors., Limitations: The quality of evidence was very low in all instances due to the inclusion of retrospective studies with methodological issues., Conclusions: Existing evidence indicates that spontaneous space closure in children and adolescents after extraction of the permanent first molar is seen more often in the maxilla than the mandible. Extraction of the permanent first molar at the Demirjian stage E of the second molar and presence of the lower permanent third molar is associated with increased odds of space closure, but uncertainty persists, due to methodological issues of existing studies., Registration: PROSPERO (CRD42023395371)., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Orthodontic Society.)

Copyright of Kieferorthopädie: die Zeitschrift für die Praxis is the property of Quintessenz Verlags GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of the working archwire intra-aging on the rate of upper first premolar space closure and to measure frictional resistance during space closure. Methods: A total of 28 subjects participated in this study. All patients were treated by upper first premolar extraction. Subjects were subdivided into 2 groups: non-replacement side: consisted of the right or left sides of the upper arch where space closure was done using the same 0.019 × 0.025-inch SS; replacement side: comprised the other side of the subjects where the working archwire was replaced with a new one each visit. The working archwire in the upper arch was split into 2 halves (new archwire on one side and old one on the other side); each one-half was connected to the other in the midline by a joining shim. Elastomeric chain was used to close extraction spaces. The amount of space closure (mm) was recorded each visit for 3 months. Results: In the non-replacement side, the rate of upper space closure was 0.80 mm/month coronally and 0.75 mm/month gingivally. In the replacement side, it was 0.69 mm/month coronally and 0.67 mm/month gingivally (p > 0.05). Mean frictional force for the non-replacement side was 3.58 ± 1.20 N, and it was 2.43 ± 1.21 N for the replacement side (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Intraoral archwire aging has no effect on the rate of upper premolar space closure/month although frictional resistance of the aged archwire was higher than of the new one. Clinical relevance No need to replace 0.019 × 0.025-inch SS every visit during space closure to overcome corrosion and frictional resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To evaluate the effect of chewing gum on the rate of space closure, oral hygiene, pain during space closure and appliance breakage in patients undergoing fixed appliance therapy., Design: A prospective, single-centre, two-arm, parallel, double-blinded randomised controlled trial., Setting: Orthodontic unit of a privately funded hospital, Chennai, India., Participants: In total, 28 participants were randomly allocated into a chewing gum group (CGG) (n = 14) or a control group (CG) (n = 14)., Methods: Baseline data were collected at the start of retraction (T0), at 4 weeks (T1), 8 weeks (T2) and 12 weeks (T3) after the start of retraction. Rate of space closure, pain, oral hygiene and appliance breakage were assessed at T1, T2 and T3. Data were analysed using an independent t -test with P < 0.05 considered to be statistically significant., Results: The mean rate of space closure in the CGG was 0.9 ± 0.2 mm/month and 0.8 ± 0.2 mm/month in the CG ( P = 0.07, 95% confidence intervals [CI] were 0.80-1.01 for the CGC and 0.70-0.91 for the CG). In both the groups, oral hygiene became worse between T0 and T3. At T0 and T1, participants in the CGG reported less pain at 24 h and 7 days when compared to the CG ( P < 0.05). At T2 and T3, participants in the CGG reported less pain at 0 h, 24 h and 7 days when compared to the CG ( P < 0.05). Appliance breakage in both groups was minimal, with an odds ratio of 0.7 (95% CI 0.1-3.8) and was similar ( P = 0.66)., Conclusion: There was minimal increase that was clinically not significant in the rate of space closure with chewing gum. Chewing gum ensured better oral hygiene, helped alleviate pain and had no effect on appliance breakage during space closure., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Orthodontic space closure is a critical aspect of treatment aimed at the correct positioning of teeth and is linked to tooth movement and optimal biomechanics. Therefore, the goal of this case study is to elucidate the process, describing the challenges encountered and the solutions adopted, with a focus on the frictionless technique and the use of devices like the Opus Loop to close spaces. Sliding mechanics, known for high friction, and segmental mechanics, characterized by low friction and continuous adjustment, are two significant technologies used. In this specific case, the frictionless methods applied to a 23-year-old female patient with protruding superior labial incisors included: extraction of the first premolars in all four quadrants, followed by consecutive wiring. Retraction was performed using an Opus Loop, significantly improving the patient's facial profile and dental arch over the next year and a half. As a result, the study demonstrates that the Opus Loop greatly reduces friction forces and offers an effective mechanism to influence tooth movement in orthodontic treatment regimens., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Soni et al.)

Background: In order to obtain satisfactory treatment outcomes, orthodontic space closure frequently requires trustworthy anchoring devices. Because they are easier to install and smaller than regular implants, mini-implants have become a viable option. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of regular implants versus mini-implants as orthodontic anchoring devices for closing gaps in a tertiary care context., Methods: A total of 100 patients who needed space closure were split into two groups at random and given regular implants (group B, n = 50) or mini-implants (group A, n = 50). The rate of space closure, anchoring loss, and patient pain were measured using visual analog scales as the primary end measures. Resonance frequency analysis was used to assess implant stability. Based on implant survival and the lack of peri-implant problems, success rates were calculated., Findings: Mini-implants showed much lower rates of patient pain ( P < 0.001) and anchoring loss ( P < 0.05) than normal implants; however, they did show comparable rates of space closure ( P = 0.42). In addition, mini-implants had comparable success rates ( P = 0.78) and greater implant stability ( P < 0.01) when compared to normal implants., Conclusion: In conclusion, mini-implants have benefits in anchorage preservation, patient comfort, and implant stability over regular implants when used as orthodontic anchoring devices for space closure. They also offer equivalent effectiveness. These results provide credence to the use of mini-implants as practical substitutes in orthodontic practice., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2024 Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences.)

Orthodontic treatment commonly requires posted archwires for en-masse retraction, for attaching headgear and elastics. Prefabricated brass-posted archwires are popular, the main disadvantages being extended inventory and cost. Considering all these challenges, this new V-Jig has been introduced. The innovation of this jig allows freehand operation, with more precision of placement of posts on the archwire and reduces chances of loss of original wire properties. Soldering technique with jig is convenient and easy. It is a chairside apparatus to make posted archwire and other appliances with ease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of dentalTarget is the property of dentalTarget and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present article gives an overview of modern adhesive restoration in the anterior area, in view of the fact that modern dental therapy should be as minimally invasive as possible. Illustrated with multiple cases, the article shows possible prospective fields of indication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of West China Journal of Stomatology is the property of Sichuan University, West China College of Stomatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To identify changes in orthodontic management strategies in patients with hypodontia seen in 2000, 2010, and 2017/2018 (during a 1-year period). An assessment of the panoramic radiographs of 3701 patients from a Western Australian private practice identified 276 individuals demonstrating hypodontia. The location of missing teeth, age, sex, type of malocclusion, and the management strategies (space closure or opening) for each patient were noted. Most hypodontia involved agenesis of three or fewer teeth (90%). Maxillary lateral incisors and mandibular second premolars were the most commonly missing teeth. Female preponderance was noted. When considering treatment, the odds ratio for orthodontic space opening and prosthetic replacement in 2000 was 3.266 (P value = 7e-04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.464–4.633) compared with patients seen in 2010 and 1.632 (P value = 7e-04; 95% CI, 0.811–2.434) compared with patients in 2017/2018. For patients demonstrating bilateral absence of maxillary lateral incisors, the odds ratio for orthodontic space opening was 3.185 (P value = 0.0215; 95% CI, 1.182–9.243) compared with counterparts with unilateral agenesis. None of the factors investigated were significantly associated with the types of treatment planned/provided for the patients with missing mandibular second premolars. Maxillary lateral incisors and mandibular second premolars were the most commonly missing teeth. A trend away from space opening and prosthetic replacement toward orthodontic space closure was observed from 2000 to 2017/2018. This may reflect a change in attitude toward prosthetic replacement options and/or greater optimism with biomechanical strategies since the implementation of temporary anchorage devices to assist in space closure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim- The aim of this review is to discuss about the retraction mechanism in orthodontics and to discuss in detail regarding the mechanism of action and their application in orthodontics. Objective- To list out the difference types of retraction mechanics used and their merits and demerits Background- The basic principle of retraction mechanism can be used in orthodontic space closure involving retracing the canine initially followed by remaining anterior teeth or entire anterior teeth can be retracted at once using intra or extra oral anchorage. They are broadly classified into friction and frictionless mechanism. Once the extraction of the teeth has been done, the orthodontist must choose the procedure to retract the teeth based on the demand of the case. This article provides the basic information of both the mechanics and their application in orthodontics. Reason- This review mainly done for better assessment and benefits of retraction mechanics and its appliances [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) is a rare, asymptomatic, slow-growing benign tumor that can be divided into three variants: follicular, extrafollicular, and peripheral. By treating AOT using an enucleation and curettage approach, recurrence can be avoided. We report a case of a 24-year-old female who presented with a lump in the right mandibular premolar area along with diastema between displaced teeth #43 and #44 and was diagnosed with extrafollicular AOT. The patient was managed with enucleation-curettage surgery without additional bone graft procedure along with routine follow-up. A successful outcome without recurrence was achieved, and diastema closure with repositioning of the displaced teeth did not require orthodontic treatment. AOT should be managed via enucleation and curettage to obtain successful outcomes without recurrence. Spontaneous bone regeneration following enucleation can be achieved without guided bone regeneration. Also, diastema closure and repositioning of displaced teeth can occur without orthodontic interventions through physiologic drift.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the accuracy of Tanaka and Johnston and Bherwani’s prediction equations when applied to a sample of Pashtun population of Pakistan. METHODS: Odontometric data from casts of 180 subjects (90 males and 90 females, ages 13-19 years) of Pashtun origin was collected using digital callipers. Mesiodistal widths of mandibular incisors, mandibular and maxillary canines and premolars were measured. Data was analysed using SPSS software version 20. RESULTS: Data was analysed for 90 male and 90 female subjects with a mean age of 15.7±1.7years and 15.4±1.5 years, respectively. Statistically significant right and left tooth size difference was found only for upper arch in males (mean 0.08, p=0.027). Statistically significant gender dimorphism was noted for tooth sizes tooth sizes with males showing larger tooth sizes. Tanaka and Johnston equations significantly overestimated the sizes of canine and premolars segments for upper (mean difference=0.72+0.96, p=0.000) and lower (mean difference=0.75+0.94, p=0.000) arches when applied to ethnic Pashtun population. Customized Regression equations represented by y=a+b(x) were derived for unerupted canine and premolars segments of Pashtun population. The values for coefficient of correlation (r) ranged from 0.59 to 0.73 and the coefficient of determination (r2) ranged from 0.36-0.52. CONCLUSION: Tanaka and Johnston equations developed for North American population (at 75th percentile) should be used with caution for mixed dentition analyses in local Pashtun population as it overestimates tooth sizes in males and females. Regression equations developed in this study can be used for diagnostic planning in local Pashtun children.

Abstract Background This review aims to compare the effectiveness of en masse and two-step retraction methods during orthodontic space closure regarding anchorage preservation and anterior segment retraction and to assess their effect on the duration of treatment and root resorption. Methods An electronic search for potentially eligible randomized controlled trials and prospective controlled trials was performed in five electronic databases up to July 2017. The process of study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment was performed by two reviewers independently. A narrative review is presented in addition to a quantitative synthesis of the pooled results where possible. The Cochrane risk of bias tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale were used for the methodological quality assessment of the included studies. Results Eight studies were included in the qualitative synthesis in this review. Four studies were included in the quantitative synthesis. En masse/miniscrew combination showed a statistically significant standard mean difference regarding anchorage preservation − 2.55 mm (95% CI − 2.99 to − 2.11) and the amount of upper incisor retraction − 0.38 mm (95% CI − 0.70 to − 0.06) when compared to a two-step/conventional anchorage combination. Qualitative synthesis suggested that en masse retraction requires less time than two-step retraction with no difference in the amount of root resorption. Conclusions Both en masse and two-step retraction methods are effective during the space closure phase. The en masse/miniscrew combination is superior to the two-step/conventional anchorage combination with regard to anchorage preservation and amount of retraction. Limited evidence suggests that anchorage reinforcement with a headgear produces similar results with both retraction methods. Limited evidence also suggests that en masse retraction may require less time and that no significant differences exist in the amount of root resorption between the two methods.

Malocclusion has been seriously endangering human oral function. The most effective and mature therapy is orthodontic treatment. But the relationship between the shape of the T-loop and the orthodontic force is unclear, and the precise mathematical model has not been established. In this article, the dynamic orthodontic force prediction model of the T-loop was established by analyzing the treatment process of the T-loop. The model was based on the dynamic resistance model of waxy dental jaw, the theory of beam deformation, and the deformation characteristics of the T-loop. In the experimental process, 11 kinds of orthodontic archwires were used as experimental samples, including 2 kinds of common archwire materials, 7 kinds of cross-sectional sizes, and 10 kinds of clearance distances. The T-loop was put into the extraction space and immersed in 75°C constant temperature water for 2 min. And the experimental data were measured and collected by the dynamic force measuring device. The experimental results show that the cross-sectional size and the clearance distance are positively correlated with the orthodontic force. The influence of the clearance distance on the orthodontic force is greater than that of the cross-section size. The deviation rates between the experimental values of orthodontic force and the theoretical values are between 1.10% and 9.09%, which verifies the accuracy of the dynamic orthodontic force prediction model. The model can predict the orthodontic force, improve the treatment effect, shorten the treatment cycle, and provide reference and guidance for orthodontists to carry out orthodontic treatment safely and effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To examine the effect of micro-osteoperforation (MOP) on the space closure rate using passive self-ligating or conventional brackets. This was a two-arm parallel randomized controlled trial undertaken at the outpatient department of a dental college. There were 60 participants (30 women and 30 men) who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Both the study and control groups were subjected to MOPs throughout the period of space closure. MOPs were repeated every 28 days. The experimental group (mean age 19.5 ± 1.66 years) was bonded with passive self-ligating brackets while the control group (mean age 19.9 ± 1.13 years) was bonded with conventional brackets. Both groups were examined and compared for rate of space closure. An evaluation was conducted for both groups until the entire extraction space was closed and confirmed by evaluation of a tight contact between the canine and the second premolar using a piece of dental floss. Before the initiation of retraction, all initial criteria were similar between the two groups (P >.05). No difference was observed between the two groups in the rate of space closure (P >.05). MOP in conjunction with passive self-ligation does not increase the rate of orthodontic space closure when compared with MOP used with conventional brackets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dense bone islands (DBIs) are usually asymptomatic and do not require any treatment. This case report presents a DBI of an unusual presentation, which was an incidental finding on a radiograph of a 15-year-old orthodontic patient. The DBI lesion was 24 mm in size, occupying at least 50% of the alveolar process between the upper right canine and lateral incisor, extending up the lateral aspect of the anterior margin of the right nasal fossa. Generally, DBIs are 2–3 mm in size and more commonly found in the mandible in the molar and premolar region. This article further discusses the impact of DBIs on orthodontic treatment such as difficulty with achieving space closure and adequate root tip or torque. We also examine the potential medical implications of DBIs. This is clinically important, especially if multiple DBIs, or osteomas which have a similar radiographic appearance to DBIs, are found in a patient as they may be associated with adenomatous intestinal polyps, which, if not treated, have a 100% chance of becoming malignant transformation [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In patients with missing maxillary anterior teeth, orthodontic space closure is an evidence-based, effective treatment option: probably the best if the goal is long-term periodontal health. Nowadays, this approach is possible in all malocclusions as the first step of an interdisciplinary approach, which aims not only at an optimum esthetic and functional result, but moreover at reducing the invasiveness of the subsequent restorative treatment. Space closure should be considered the first alternative in growing patients and when the gingival margins are visible. This essay presents the rationale for space closure and provides clinical tips for interdisciplinary treatment planning and finishing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to analyse the stress distributions and initial displacements of teeth during the space closing stage through a three-dimensional finite element method. Computed tomography images of a patient were used to reconstruct the detailed teeth and alveolar bone, and brackets with stainless steel archwire were modelled according to the orthodontic prescriptions. The second premolars and first molars were chosen as the anchorages in the model 6-force, with buccal tubes attached to the second molars in the model 6-force-7, and the second molars as additional anchorages in the model 7-force. The results indicated that a movement of lingual lateral inclination occurred on the incisors during the retraction, and the frictional force between the teeth and the archwire significantly reduced the stress on the teeth and periodontal structures. Graphical abstract Malocclusion is one of the most common issue in dentistry with high prevalence and orthodontic treatment need. The extraction of first premolar teeth was normally needed at the beginning of the treatment. And the straight wire appliance together with the sliding mechanics was used for space closure at the end of the treatment. However, side effects like root resorption also found after the surgery. Biomechanically, the stress distributions and initial displacements of teeth during space closing stage might be a crucial factor contributed to those undesirable side effects. And different selections of anchorages might alter the biomechanical environment during the treatment. Thus, the purpose of the current study was to analyse the stress distributions and initial displacements, with the different anchorage selections, of teeth during space closing stage through 3D finite element method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To assess the rate of tooth movement, anchorage loss, root resorption, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) as a marker for bone remodeling during orthodontic space closure using two different mechanisms. Methods: Space closure was completed in 20 patients with extraction of all 4 premolars. Lateral cephalograms and radio-visiographs taken before (T1) and after (T2) space closure were assessed for anchorage loss and root resorption. Alkaline phosphatase levels were measured in 10 patients, which were divided into two groups of five each. Spaces were closed with a screw device in the first group and with active tie-backs in the second. Gingival crevicular fluid samples, collected at intervals, were assayed for alkaline phosphatase spectrophotometrically in each patient. Results: The mean rate of tooth movement was 1.32 ± 0.22 mm/month. The mean amount of anchorage loss in the maxilla and mandible was 1.23 ± 0.60 mm and 1.08 ± 0.65 mm, respectively. Sixty (25%) roots showed no root resorption, while 180 (75%) roots displayed mild to moderate blunting of their apices. Gingival crevicular fluid-alkaline phosphatase level increased significantly from day 7 to day 28 in both groups, but significantly more in the screw retraction group (P < .05). Conclusion: It is possible to infer that space closure occurs more rapidly with sequential repetitive loading of the periodontal ligament than with conventional active tie-backs. This observation is in concurrence with a significant increase in the gingival crevicular fluid-alkaline phosphatase level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patients with congenitally missing teeth (hypodontia) present with complex problems. Meeting their treatment needs requires a joint effort between the disciplines of orthodontics and restorative dentistry. There are a number of options available to restore space generated by missing teeth. In the majority of patients orthodontic treatment will be required before this space can be restored satisfactorily. The second part of this series reviews the orthodontic considerations for various options. (Quintessence/nt 2005,36.345-353) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The primary objective of this study was to compare the magnitude of incisor intrusion and retraction between two different treatment protocols and the secondary objective was to evaluate overall treatment effects., Materials and Methods: Thirty-four patients with proclined upper anterior teeth, increased overbite, and incisal show were randomly assigned to two treatment groups (G1 and G2). Upper first premolar extractions were performed in all cases. In G1, space closure was performed with conventional straight-wire friction mechanics with NiTi (nickel titanium) coil springs placed on 0.019″ × 0.025″ stainless steel wires in a 0.022 slot system with an additional intrusive force via a midline mini-implant. In G2, NiTi coil springs were placed from buccal mini-implants placed onto 0.016″ × 0.022″ SS wires in a 0.022 slot system bilaterally. Lateral cephalograms and study models taken at the beginning and at the end of 6 months of treatment were assessed., Results: Both groups showed a statistically significant mild maxillary incisor intrusion, reduction in overjet, overbite, incisal show and a reduction in lower anterior facial height. There was a mild intrusion of the maxillary first permanent molar in G2 (not significant). Mesial movement of the maxillary first permanent molar was noted in G1 but distal movement occurred in G2. Constriction of the entire maxillary arch was noted in G1, whereas constriction was seen in the molar region only in G2. Root resorption was noticed in both groups., Conclusion: Both groups produced comparable results. Except for molar control, all the results obtained were comparable between the two mechanics. Application of an intrusive force in the midline may be beneficial in patients treated with conventional straight-wire mechanics to treat increased overbite when anchorage requirement is not high., (© 2022. Springer Medizin Verlag GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature.)