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1. Lessons learned after three years of SPIDER operation and the first MITICA integrated tests

Author

Marcuzzi, D., Toigo, V., Boldrin, M., Chitarin, G., Bello, S. Dal, Grando, L., Luchetta, A., Pasqualotto, R., Pavei, M., Serianni, G., Zanotto, L., Agnello, R., Agostinetti, P., Agostini, M., Aprile, D., Barbisan, M., Battistella, M., Berton, G., Bigi, M., Brombin, M., Candela, V., Candeloro, V., Canton, A., Casagrande, R., Cavallini, C., Cavazzana, R., Cordaro, L., Cruz, N., Palma, M. Dalla, Dan, M., De Lorenzi, A., Delogu, R., De Muri, M., De Nardi, M., Denizeau, S., Fadone, M., Fellin, F., Ferro, A., Gaio, E., Gasparrini, C., Gnesotto, F., Jain, P., La Rosa, A., Lopez-Bruna, D., Lorenzini, R., Maistrello, A., Manduchi, G., Manfrin, S., Marconato, N., Mario, I., Martini, G., Milazzo, R., Patton, T., Peruzzo, S., Pilan, N., Pimazzoni, A., Poggi, C., Pomaro, N., Pouradier-Duteil, B., Recchia, M., Rigoni-Garola, A., Rizzetto, D., Rizzolo, A., Santoro, F., Sartori, E., Segalini, B., Shepherd, A., Siragusa, M., Sonato, P., Sottocornola, A., Spada, E., Spagnolo, S., Spolaore, M., Taliercio, C., Tinti, P., Tomsič, P., Trevisan, L., Ugoletti, M., Valente, M., Valisa, M., Veronese, F., Vignando, M., Zaccaria, P., Zagorski, R., Zaniol, B., Zaupa, M., Zuin, M., Cavenago, M., Boilson, D., Rotti, C., Decamps, H., Geli, F., Sharma, A., Veltri, P., Zacks, J., Simon, M., Paolucci, F., Garbuglia, A., Gutierrez, D., Masiello, A., Mico, G., Labate, C., Readman, P., Bragulat, E., Bailly-Maitre, L., Gomez, G., Kouzmenko, G., Albajar, F., Kashiwagi, M., Tobari, H., Kojima, A., Murayama, M., Hatakeyama, S., Oshita, E., Maejima, T., Shibata, N., Yamashita, Y., Watanabe, K., Singh, N. P., Singh, M. J., Dhola, H., Fantz, U., Heinemann, B., Wimmer, C., Wünderlich, D., Tsumori, K., Croci, G., Gorini, G., Muraro, A., Rebai, M., Tardocchi, M., Giacomelli, L., Rigamonti, D., Taccogna, F., Bruno, D., Rutigliano, M., Longo, S., Deambrosis, S., Miorin, E., Montagner, F., Tonti, A., and Panin, F.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics, Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract

ITER envisages the use of two heating neutral beam injectors plus an optional one as part of the auxiliary heating and current drive system. The 16.5 MW expected neutral beam power per injector is several notches higher than worldwide existing facilities. A Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF) was established at Consorzio RFX, exploiting the synergy of two test beds, SPIDER and MITICA. SPIDER is dedicated to developing and characterizing large efficient negative ion sources at relevant parameters in ITER-like conditions: source and accelerator located in the same vacuum where the beam propagates, immunity to electromagnetic interferences of multiple radio-frequency (RF) antennas, avoidance of RF-induced discharges on the outside of the source. Three years of experiments on SPIDER have addressed to the necessary design modifications to enable full performances. The source is presently under a long shut-down phase to incorporate learnings from the experimental campaign. Parallelly, developments on MITICA, the full-scale prototype of the ITER NBI featuring a 1 MV accelerator and ion neutralization, are underway including manufacturing of in-vessel components, while power supplies and auxiliary plants are already under final testing and commissioning. Integration, commissioning and tests of the 1MV power supplies are essential for this first-of-kind system, unparalleled both in research and industry field. The integrated test to confirm 1MV output by combining invertor systems, DC generators and transmission lines extracted errors/accidents in some components. To realize a concrete system for ITER, solutions for the repair and the improvement of the system were developed. Hence, NBTF is emerging as a necessary facility, due to the large gap with existing injectors, effectively dedicated to identify issues and find solutions to enable successful ITER NBI operations in a time bound fashion.

Published
2023
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4. On the road to ITER NBIs: SPIDER improvement after first operation and MITICA construction progress

Author

Toigo, V., Marcuzzi, D., Serianni, G., Boldrin, M., Chitarin, G., Bello, S. Dal, Grando, L., Luchetta, A., Pasqualotto, R., Zaccaria, P., Zanotto, L., Agnello, R., Agostinetti, P., Agostini, M., Antoni, V., Aprile, D., Barbisan, M., Battistella, M., Berton, G., Bigi, M., Brombin, M., Candeloro, V., Canton, A., Casagrande, R., Cavallini, C., Cavazzana, R., Cordaro, L., Cruz, N., Palma, M. Dalla, Dan, M., De Lorenzi, A., Delogu, R., De Muri, M., Denizeau, S., Fadone, M., Fellin, F., Ferro, A., Gaio, E., Gasparini, F., Gasparrini, C., Gnesotto, F., Jain, P., Krastev, P., Lopez-Bruna, D., Lorenzini, R., Maistrello, A., Manduchi, G., Manfrin, S., Marconato, N., Martines, E., Martini, G., Martini, S., Milazzo, R., Patton, T., Pavei, M., Peruzzo, S., Pilan, N., Pimazzoni, A., Poggi, C., Pomaro, N., Pouradier-Duteil, B., Recchia, M., Rigoni-Garola, A., Rizzolo, A., Sartori, E., Shepherd, A., Siragusa, M., Sonato, P., Sottocornola, A., Spada, E., Spagnolo, S., Spolaore, M., Taliercio, C., Terranova, D., Tinti, P., Tomsič, P., Trevisan, L., Ugoletti, M., Valente, M., Vignando, M., Zagorski, R., Zamengo, A., Zaniol, B., Zaupa, M., Zuin, M., Cavenago, M., Boilson, D., Rotti, C., Veltri, P., Decamps, H., Dremel, M., Graceffa, J., Geli, F., Urbani, M., Zacks, J., Bonicelli, T., Paolucci, F., Garbuglia, A., Agarici, G., Gomez, G., Gutierrez, D., Kouzmenko, G., Labate, C., Masiello, A., Mico, G., Moreno, J-F, Pilard, V., Rousseau, A., Simon, M., Kashiwagi, M., Tobari, H., Watanabe, K., Maejima, T., Kojima, A., Oshita, E., Yamashita, Y., Konno, S., Singh, M., Chakraborty, A., Patel, H., Singh, N.P., Fantz, U., Bonomo, F., Cristofaro, S., Heinemann, B., Kraus, W., Wimmer, C., Wünderlich, D., Fubiani, G., Tsumori, K., Croci, G., Gorini, G., McCormack, O., Muraro, A., Rebai, M., Tardocchi, M., Giacomelli, L., Rigamonti, D., Taccogna, F., Bruno, D., Rutigliano, M., D'Arienzo, M., Tonti, A., and Panin, F.

Published
2021
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8. X-ray Micro-Discharges Fine Dynamics in a Vacuum High Voltage Experiment

Author

Spagnolo, S, Cordaro, L, Patton, T, Pilan, N, Lorenzi, A, Fontana, C, Muraro, A, Pino, F, Croci, G, Rigamonti, D, Fincato, M, Lotto, L, Mario, I, Martines, E, Spada, E, Tardocchi, M, Zuin, M, Spagnolo S., Cordaro L., Patton T., Pilan N., Lorenzi A. D., Fontana C. L., Muraro A., Pino F., Croci G., Rigamonti D., Fincato M., Lotto L., Mario I., Martines E., Spada E., Tardocchi M., Zuin M., Spagnolo, S, Cordaro, L, Patton, T, Pilan, N, Lorenzi, A, Fontana, C, Muraro, A, Pino, F, Croci, G, Rigamonti, D, Fincato, M, Lotto, L, Mario, I, Martines, E, Spada, E, Tardocchi, M, Zuin, M, Spagnolo S., Cordaro L., Patton T., Pilan N., Lorenzi A. D., Fontana C. L., Muraro A., Pino F., Croci G., Rigamonti D., Fincato M., Lotto L., Mario I., Martines E., Spada E., Tardocchi M., and Zuin M.

Abstract

The High Voltage Padova Test Facility (HVPTF) is an experimental device for investigating High Voltage Direct Current insulation in vacuum, in support of the realization of MITICA, the prototype of a neutral beam injector for ITER. Inside a high vacuum chamber, two stainless steel electrodes, separated by a few centimetres gap, can achieve a voltage difference up to 800 kV. During the conditioning process of the electrodes, current micro-discharges (MD) and associated X-rays are observed, along with a global increase of gas emission (H2 and CO2 are detected by the Residual Gas Analyser). During the last five years, different X-rays detectors have been installed on HVPTF, with the aim to investigate the physical processes behind the conditioning.In this contribution, the fine dynamics of the micro-discharge phenomenon is studied with the purpose to sketch a possible physical interpretation of this mechanism. In particular, the time evolution, during the electrode conditioning, of the MD fine dynamics seems to be related with the increasing asymmetry between the MD current peak values collected by the positive and the negative electrodes. The possible (increasing) contribution of the vacuum chamber, operating as a third electrode, is investigated, by means of a toy model: the different current contributions collected by the two electrodes are evaluated, in particular those generated by secondary electron emission. The rate between anode and cathode currents evaluated by the toy model is in good agreement with the experimental one.

Published
2023

9. Lessons learned after three years of SPIDER operation and the first MITICA integrated tests

Author

Marcuzzi, D, Toigo, V, Boldrin, M, Chitarin, G, Dal Bello, S, Grando, L, Luchetta, A, Pasqualotto, R, Pavei, M, Serianni, G, Zanotto, L, Agnello, R, Agostinetti, P, Agostini, M, Aprile, D, Barbisan, M, Battistella, M, Berton, G, Bigi, M, Brombin, M, Candela, V, Candeloro, V, Canton, A, Casagrande, R, Cavallini, C, Cavazzana, R, Cordaro, L, Cruz, N, Dalla Palma, M, Dan, M, De Lorenzi, A, Delogu, R, De Muri, M, De Nardi, M, Denizeau, S, Fadone, M, Fellin, F, Ferro, A, Gaio, E, Gasparrini, C, Gnesotto, F, Jain, P, La Rosa, A, Lopez-Bruna, D, Lorenzini, R, Maistrello, A, Manduchi, G, Manfrin, S, Marconato, N, Mario, I, Martini, G, Milazzo, R, Patton, T, Peruzzo, S, Pilan, N, Pimazzoni, A, Poggi, C, Pomaro, N, Pouradier-Duteil, B, Recchia, M, Rigoni-Garola, A, Rizzetto, D, Rizzolo, A, Santoro, F, Sartori, E, Segalini, B, Shepherd, A, Siragusa, M, Sonato, P, Sottocornola, A, Spada, E, Spagnolo, S, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Tinti, P, Tomsic, P, Trevisan, L, Ugoletti, M, Valente, M, Valisa, M, Veronese, F, Vignando, M, Zaccaria, P, Zagorski, R, Zaniol, B, Zaupa, M, Zuin, M, Cavenago, M, Boilson, D, Rotti, C, Decamps, H, Geli, F, Sharma, A, Veltri, P, Zacks, J, Simon, M, Paolucci, F, Garbuglia, A, Gutierrez, D, Masiello, A, Mico, G, Labate, C, Readman, P, Bragulat, E, Bailly-Maitre, L, Gomez, G, Kouzmenko, G, Albajar, F, Kashiwagi, M, Tobari, H, Kojima, A, Murayama, M, Hatakeyama, S, Oshita, E, Maejima, T, Shibata, N, Yamashita, Y, Watanabe, K, Singh, N, Singh, M, Dhola, H, Fantz, U, Heinemann, B, Wimmer, C, Wunderlich, D, Tsumori, K, Croci, G, Gorini, G, Muraro, A, Rebai, M, Tardocchi, M, Giacomelli, L, Rigamonti, D, Taccogna, F, Bruno, D, Rutigliano, M, Longo, S, Deambrosis, S, Miorin, E, Montagner, F, Tonti, A, Panin, F, Marcuzzi D., Toigo V., Boldrin M., Chitarin G., Dal Bello S., Grando L., Luchetta A., Pasqualotto R., Pavei M., Serianni G., Zanotto L., Agnello R., Agostinetti P., Agostini M., Aprile D., Barbisan M., Battistella M., Berton G., Bigi M., Brombin M., Candela V., Candeloro V., Canton A., Casagrande R., Cavallini C., Cavazzana R., Cordaro L., Cruz N., Dalla Palma M., Dan M., De Lorenzi A., Delogu R., De Muri M., De Nardi M., Denizeau S., Fadone M., Fellin F., Ferro A., Gaio E., Gasparrini C., Gnesotto F., Jain P., La Rosa A., Lopez-Bruna D., Lorenzini R., Maistrello A., Manduchi G., Manfrin S., Marconato N., Mario I., Martini G., Milazzo R., Patton T., Peruzzo S., Pilan N., Pimazzoni A., Poggi C., Pomaro N., Pouradier-Duteil B., Recchia M., Rigoni-Garola A., Rizzetto D., Rizzolo A., Santoro F., Sartori E., Segalini B., Shepherd A., Siragusa M., Sonato P., Sottocornola A., Spada E., Spagnolo S., Spolaore M., Taliercio C., Tinti P., Tomsic P., Trevisan L., Ugoletti M., Valente M., Valisa M., Veronese F., Vignando M., Zaccaria P., Zagorski R., Zaniol B., Zaupa M., Zuin M., Cavenago M., Boilson D., Rotti C., Decamps H., Geli F., Sharma A., Veltri P., Zacks J., Simon M., Paolucci F., Garbuglia A., Gutierrez D., Masiello A., Mico G., Labate C., Readman P., Bragulat E., Bailly-Maitre L., Gomez G., Kouzmenko G., Albajar F., Kashiwagi M., Tobari H., Kojima A., Murayama M., Hatakeyama S., Oshita E., Maejima T., Shibata N., Yamashita Y., Watanabe K., Singh N. P., Singh M. J., Dhola H., Fantz U., Heinemann B., Wimmer C., Wunderlich D., Tsumori K., Croci G., Gorini G., Muraro A., Rebai M., Tardocchi M., Giacomelli L., Rigamonti D., Taccogna F., Bruno D., Rutigliano M., Longo S., Deambrosis S., Miorin E., Montagner F., Tonti A., Panin F., Marcuzzi, D, Toigo, V, Boldrin, M, Chitarin, G, Dal Bello, S, Grando, L, Luchetta, A, Pasqualotto, R, Pavei, M, Serianni, G, Zanotto, L, Agnello, R, Agostinetti, P, Agostini, M, Aprile, D, Barbisan, M, Battistella, M, Berton, G, Bigi, M, Brombin, M, Candela, V, Candeloro, V, Canton, A, Casagrande, R, Cavallini, C, Cavazzana, R, Cordaro, L, Cruz, N, Dalla Palma, M, Dan, M, De Lorenzi, A, Delogu, R, De Muri, M, De Nardi, M, Denizeau, S, Fadone, M, Fellin, F, Ferro, A, Gaio, E, Gasparrini, C, Gnesotto, F, Jain, P, La Rosa, A, Lopez-Bruna, D, Lorenzini, R, Maistrello, A, Manduchi, G, Manfrin, S, Marconato, N, Mario, I, Martini, G, Milazzo, R, Patton, T, Peruzzo, S, Pilan, N, Pimazzoni, A, Poggi, C, Pomaro, N, Pouradier-Duteil, B, Recchia, M, Rigoni-Garola, A, Rizzetto, D, Rizzolo, A, Santoro, F, Sartori, E, Segalini, B, Shepherd, A, Siragusa, M, Sonato, P, Sottocornola, A, Spada, E, Spagnolo, S, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Tinti, P, Tomsic, P, Trevisan, L, Ugoletti, M, Valente, M, Valisa, M, Veronese, F, Vignando, M, Zaccaria, P, Zagorski, R, Zaniol, B, Zaupa, M, Zuin, M, Cavenago, M, Boilson, D, Rotti, C, Decamps, H, Geli, F, Sharma, A, Veltri, P, Zacks, J, Simon, M, Paolucci, F, Garbuglia, A, Gutierrez, D, Masiello, A, Mico, G, Labate, C, Readman, P, Bragulat, E, Bailly-Maitre, L, Gomez, G, Kouzmenko, G, Albajar, F, Kashiwagi, M, Tobari, H, Kojima, A, Murayama, M, Hatakeyama, S, Oshita, E, Maejima, T, Shibata, N, Yamashita, Y, Watanabe, K, Singh, N, Singh, M, Dhola, H, Fantz, U, Heinemann, B, Wimmer, C, Wunderlich, D, Tsumori, K, Croci, G, Gorini, G, Muraro, A, Rebai, M, Tardocchi, M, Giacomelli, L, Rigamonti, D, Taccogna, F, Bruno, D, Rutigliano, M, Longo, S, Deambrosis, S, Miorin, E, Montagner, F, Tonti, A, Panin, F, Marcuzzi D., Toigo V., Boldrin M., Chitarin G., Dal Bello S., Grando L., Luchetta A., Pasqualotto R., Pavei M., Serianni G., Zanotto L., Agnello R., Agostinetti P., Agostini M., Aprile D., Barbisan M., Battistella M., Berton G., Bigi M., Brombin M., Candela V., Candeloro V., Canton A., Casagrande R., Cavallini C., Cavazzana R., Cordaro L., Cruz N., Dalla Palma M., Dan M., De Lorenzi A., Delogu R., De Muri M., De Nardi M., Denizeau S., Fadone M., Fellin F., Ferro A., Gaio E., Gasparrini C., Gnesotto F., Jain P., La Rosa A., Lopez-Bruna D., Lorenzini R., Maistrello A., Manduchi G., Manfrin S., Marconato N., Mario I., Martini G., Milazzo R., Patton T., Peruzzo S., Pilan N., Pimazzoni A., Poggi C., Pomaro N., Pouradier-Duteil B., Recchia M., Rigoni-Garola A., Rizzetto D., Rizzolo A., Santoro F., Sartori E., Segalini B., Shepherd A., Siragusa M., Sonato P., Sottocornola A., Spada E., Spagnolo S., Spolaore M., Taliercio C., Tinti P., Tomsic P., Trevisan L., Ugoletti M., Valente M., Valisa M., Veronese F., Vignando M., Zaccaria P., Zagorski R., Zaniol B., Zaupa M., Zuin M., Cavenago M., Boilson D., Rotti C., Decamps H., Geli F., Sharma A., Veltri P., Zacks J., Simon M., Paolucci F., Garbuglia A., Gutierrez D., Masiello A., Mico G., Labate C., Readman P., Bragulat E., Bailly-Maitre L., Gomez G., Kouzmenko G., Albajar F., Kashiwagi M., Tobari H., Kojima A., Murayama M., Hatakeyama S., Oshita E., Maejima T., Shibata N., Yamashita Y., Watanabe K., Singh N. P., Singh M. J., Dhola H., Fantz U., Heinemann B., Wimmer C., Wunderlich D., Tsumori K., Croci G., Gorini G., Muraro A., Rebai M., Tardocchi M., Giacomelli L., Rigamonti D., Taccogna F., Bruno D., Rutigliano M., Longo S., Deambrosis S., Miorin E., Montagner F., Tonti A., and Panin F.

Abstract

ITER envisages the use of two heating neutral beam injectors plus an optional one as part of the auxiliary heating and current drive system, to reach the desired performances during its various phases of operation. The 16.5 MW expected neutral beam power per injector is several notches higher than worldwide existing facilities. In order to enable such development, a Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF) was established at Consorzio RFX, exploiting the synergy of two test beds, called SPIDER and MITICA. SPIDER is dedicated developing and characterizing large efficient negative ion sources at relevant parameters in ITER-like conditions: source and accelerator located in the same vacuum where the beam propagates, immunity to electromagnetic interferences of multiple radio-frequency (RF) antennas, avoidance of RF-induced discharges on the outside of the source. Three years of experiments on SPIDER have addressed to the necessary design modifications to enable full performances. The source is presently under a long shut-down phase to incorporate learnings from the experimental campaign, in particular events/issues occurred during operation, which led to the identification of improvement opportunities/necessities (e.g. RF discharges, local burns, water leaks, other damages, configuration/design upgrades to maximize chances/margin to quest target parameters). Parallelly, developments on MITICA, the full-scale prototype of the ITER Neutral Beam Injector (NBI) featuring a 1 MV accelerator and ion neutralization, are underway including manufacturing of the beam source, accelerator and the beam line components, while power supplies and auxiliary plants, already installed, are under final testing and commissioning. Integration, commissioning and tests of the 1 MV power supplies are essential for this first-of-kind system, unparalleled both in research and industry field. 1.2 MV dc insulating tests of high voltage components were successfully completed. The integrated test to confir

Published
2023

10. Latest experimental and theoretical advances in the production of negative ions in caesium-free plasmas

Author

Taccogna, F., Bechu, S., Aanesland, A., Agostinetti, P., Agnello, R., Aleiferis, S., Angot, T., Antoni, V., Bacal, M., Barbisan, M., Bentounes, J., Bès, A., Capitelli, M., Cartry, G., Cavenago, M., Celiberto, R., Chitarin, G., Delogu, R., De Lorenzi, A., Esposito, F., Fadone, M., Ferron, N., Fubiani, G., Furno, I., Gavilan, L., Guittienne, P., Howling, A., Jacquier, R., Laricchiuta, A., Layet, J. M., Lemaire, J. L., Longo, S., Maurice, B., Minelli, P., Minissale, M., Mitrou, M., Moussaoui, R., Pimazzoni, A., Poggi, C., Rafalskyi, D., Salomon, E., Sartori, E., Sasao, M., Serianni, G., Spada, E., Suweis, S., Svarnas, P., Tahri, L., Ugoletti, M., Variale, V., and Veltri, P.

Published
2021
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11. SPIDER in the roadmap of the ITER neutral beams

Author

Serianni, G., Toigo, V., Bigi, M., Boldrin, M., Chitarin, G., Dal Bello, S., Grando, L., Luchetta, A., Marcuzzi, D., Pasqualotto, R., Pomaro, N., Zaccaria, P., Zanotto, L., Agostinetti, P., Agostini, M., Antoni, V., Aprile, D., Barbisan, M., Battistella, M., Brombin, M., Cavazzana, R., Dalla Palma, M., Dan, M., De Lorenzi, A., Delogu, R., De Muri, M., Denizeau, S., Fadone, M., Fellin, F., Ferbel, L., Ferro, A., Gaio, E., Gambetta, G., Gasparini, F., Gnesotto, F., Jain, P., Maistrello, A., Manduchi, G., Manfrin, S., Marchiori, G., Marconato, N., Moresco, M., Patton, T., Pavei, M., Peruzzo, S., Pilan, N., Pimazzoni, A., Piovan, R., Poggi, C., Recchia, M., Rizzolo, A., Rostagni, G., Sartori, E., Siragusa, M., Sonato, P., Spada, E., Spagnolo, S., Spolaore, M., Taliercio, C., Tinti, P., Ugoletti, M., Valente, M., Zamengo, A., Zaniol, B., Zaupa, M., Baltador, C., Cavenago, M., Boilson, D., Rotti, C., Veltri, P., Bonicelli, T., Paolucci, F., Muriel, S., Masiello, A., Chakraborty, A., Patel, H., Singh, N.P., Fantz, U., Heinemann, B., Kraus, W., Kashiwagi, M., and Tsumori, K.

Published
2019
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12. Drift-Alfven vortex structures in the edge region of a fusion relevant plasma

Author

Vianello, N., Spolaore, M., Martines, E., Cavazzana, R., Serianni, G., Zuin, M., Spada, E., and Antoni, V.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

Edge turbulent structures are commonly observed in fusion devices and are generally believed to be responsible for confinement degradation. Among their origin Drift-Alfven turbulence is one of the most commonly suggested. Drift-Alfven paradigm allows the existence of localized vortex-like structures observed also in various systems. Here we present the evidence of the presence of drift-Alfv\'en vortices in the edge region of RFX-Mod RFP device, showing how these structures are responsible for electromagnetic turbulence at the edge and its intermittent nature., Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, Revised version submitted for publication to Physical Review Letters

Published
2009
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13. To what extent can dynamical models describe statistical features of turbulent flows?

Author

Carbone, V., Cavazzana, R., Antoni, V., Sorriso-Valvo, L., Spada, E., Regnoli, G., Giuliani, P., Vianello, N., Lepreti, F., Bruno, R., Martines, E., and Veltri, P.

Subjects
Nonlinear Sciences - Chaotic Dynamics, Nonlinear Sciences - Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems
Abstract

Statistical features of "bursty" behaviour in charged and neutral fluid turbulence, are compared to statistics of intermittent events in a GOY shell model, and avalanches in different models of Self Organized Criticality (SOC). It is found that inter-burst times show a power law distribution for turbulent samples and for the shell model, a property which is shared only in a particular case of the running sandpile model. The breakdown of self-similarity generated by isolated events observed in the turbulent samples, is well reproduced by the shell model, while it is absent in all SOC models considered. On this base, we conclude that SOC models are not adequate to mimic fluid turbulence, while the GOY shell model constitutes a better candidate to describe the gross features of turbulence., Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures, in press on Europhys. Lett. (may 2002)

Published
2002
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14. A substantial step forward in the realization of the ITER HNB system: The ITER NBI Test Facility

Author

Toigo, V., Piovan, R., Dal Bello, S., Gaio, E., Luchetta, A., Pasqualotto, R., Zaccaria, P., Bigi, M., Chitarin, G., Marcuzzi, D., Pomaro, N., Serianni, G., Agostinetti, P., Agostini, M., Antoni, V., Aprile, D., Baltador, C., Barbisan, M., Battistella, M., Boldrin, M., Brombin, M., Dalla Palma, M., De Lorenzi, A., Delogu, R., De Muri, M., Fellin, F., Ferro, A., Finotti, C., Fiorentin, A., Gambetta, G., Gnesotto, F., Grando, L., Jain, P., Maistrello, A., Manduchi, G., Marconato, N., Moresco, M., Ocello, E., Pavei, M., Peruzzo, S., Pilan, N., Pimazzoni, A., Recchia, M., Rizzolo, A., Rostagni, G., Sartori, E., Siragusa, M., Sonato, P., Sottocornola, A., Spada, E., Spagnolo, S., Spolaore, M., Taliercio, C., Valente, M., Veltri, P., Zamengo, A., Zaniol, B., Zanotto, L., Zaupa, M., Boilson, D., Graceffa, J., Svensson, L., Schunke, B, Decamps, H., Urbani, M., Kushwah, M, Chareyre, J, Singh, M., Bonicelli, T., Agarici, G., Masiello, A., Paolucci, F., Simon, M., Bailly-Maitre, L, Bragulat, E., Gomez, G., Gutierrez, D., Mico, G., Moreno, J.-F., Pilard, V., Kashiwagi, M., Hanada, M., Tobari, H., Watanabe, K., Maeshima, T., Kojima, A., Umeda, N., Yamanaka, H., Chakraborty, A., Baruah, U., Rotti, C., Patel, H., Nagaraju, M.V., Singh, N.P., Patel, A., Dhola, H., Raval, B., Fantz, U., Heinemann, B., Kraus, W., Hanke, S., Hauer, V., Ochoa, S., Blatchford, P., Chuilon, B., Xue, Y., De Esch, H.P.L., Hemsworth, R., Croci, G., Gorini, G., Rebai, M., Muraro, A., Cavenago, M., D'Arienzo, M., and Sandri, S.

Published
2017
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15. Lessons learned after three years of SPIDER operation and the first MITICA integrated tests

Author

Marcuzzi, D., primary, Toigo, V., additional, Boldrin, M., additional, Chitarin, G., additional, Dal Bello, S., additional, Grando, L., additional, Luchetta, A., additional, Pasqualotto, R., additional, Pavei, M., additional, Serianni, G., additional, Zanotto, L., additional, Agnello, R., additional, Agostinetti, P., additional, Agostini, M., additional, Aprile, D., additional, Barbisan, M., additional, Battistella, M., additional, Berton, G., additional, Bigi, M., additional, Brombin, M., additional, Candela, V., additional, Candeloro, V., additional, Canton, A., additional, Casagrande, R., additional, Cavallini, C., additional, Cavazzana, R., additional, Cordaro, L., additional, Cruz, N., additional, Dalla Palma, M., additional, Dan, M., additional, De Lorenzi, A., additional, Delogu, R., additional, De Muri, M., additional, De Nardi, M., additional, Denizeau, S., additional, Fadone, M., additional, Fellin, F., additional, Ferro, A., additional, Gaio, E., additional, Gasparrini, C., additional, Gnesotto, F., additional, Jain, P., additional, La Rosa, A., additional, Lopez-Bruna, D., additional, Lorenzini, R., additional, Maistrello, A., additional, Manduchi, G., additional, Manfrin, S., additional, Marconato, N., additional, Mario, I., additional, Martini, G., additional, Milazzo, R., additional, Patton, T., additional, Peruzzo, S., additional, Pilan, N., additional, Pimazzoni, A., additional, Poggi, C., additional, Pomaro, N., additional, Pouradier-Duteil, B., additional, Recchia, M., additional, Rigoni-Garola, A., additional, Rizzetto, D., additional, Rizzolo, A., additional, Santoro, F., additional, Sartori, E., additional, Segalini, B., additional, Shepherd, A., additional, Siragusa, M., additional, Sonato, P., additional, Sottocornola, A., additional, Spada, E., additional, Spagnolo, S., additional, Spolaore, M., additional, Taliercio, C., additional, Tinti, P., additional, Tomsič, P., additional, Trevisan, L., additional, Ugoletti, M., additional, Valente, M., additional, Valisa, M., additional, Veronese, F., additional, Vignando, M., additional, Zaccaria, P., additional, Zagorski, R., additional, Zaniol, B., additional, Zaupa, M., additional, Zuin, M., additional, Cavenago, M., additional, Boilson, D., additional, Rotti, C., additional, Decamps, H., additional, Geli, F., additional, Sharma, A., additional, Veltri, P., additional, Zacks, J., additional, Simon, M., additional, Paolucci, F., additional, Garbuglia, A., additional, Gutierrez, D., additional, Masiello, A., additional, Mico, G., additional, Labate, C., additional, Readman, P., additional, Bragulat, E., additional, Bailly-Maitre, L., additional, Gomez, G., additional, Kouzmenko, G., additional, Albajar, F., additional, Kashiwagi, M., additional, Tobari, H., additional, Kojima, A., additional, Murayama, M., additional, Hatakeyama, S., additional, Oshita, E., additional, Maejima, T., additional, Shibata, N., additional, Yamashita, Y., additional, Watanabe, K., additional, Singh, N.P., additional, Singh, M.J., additional, Dhola, H., additional, Fantz, U., additional, Heinemann, B., additional, Wimmer, C., additional, Wünderlich, D., additional, Tsumori, K., additional, Croci, G., additional, Gorini, G., additional, Muraro, A., additional, Rebai, M., additional, Tardocchi, M., additional, Giacomelli, L., additional, Rigamonti, D., additional, Taccogna, F., additional, Bruno, D., additional, Rutigliano, M., additional, Longo, S., additional, Deambrosis, S., additional, Miorin, E., additional, Montagner, F., additional, Tonti, A., additional, and Panin, F., additional

Published
2023
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17. Characterization of X-Ray Events in a Vacuum High Voltage Long-Gap Experiment

Author

Spagnolo, S, Pilan, N, De Lorenzi, A, Fontana, C, Mccormack, O, Muraro, A, Croci, G, Gobbo, R, Gorini, G, Grosso, G, Fincato, M, Lotto, L, Martines, E, Pino, F, Rigamonti, D, Rossetto, F, Spada, E, Tardocchi, M, Zuin, M, Spagnolo S., Pilan N., De Lorenzi A., Fontana C. L., McCormack O., Muraro A., Croci G., Gobbo R., Gorini G., Grosso G., Fincato M., Lotto L., Martines E., Pino F., Rigamonti D., Rossetto F., Spada E., Tardocchi M., Zuin M., Spagnolo, S, Pilan, N, De Lorenzi, A, Fontana, C, Mccormack, O, Muraro, A, Croci, G, Gobbo, R, Gorini, G, Grosso, G, Fincato, M, Lotto, L, Martines, E, Pino, F, Rigamonti, D, Rossetto, F, Spada, E, Tardocchi, M, Zuin, M, Spagnolo S., Pilan N., De Lorenzi A., Fontana C. L., McCormack O., Muraro A., Croci G., Gobbo R., Gorini G., Grosso G., Fincato M., Lotto L., Martines E., Pino F., Rigamonti D., Rossetto F., Spada E., Tardocchi M., and Zuin M.

Abstract

The high voltage Padova test facility (HVPTF) is an experimental device for the study of HV insulation in vacuum, in support of the realization of the prototype of a neutral beam injector for International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), named megavolt ITER injector and concept advancement (MITICA). The facility investigates the physical phenomena underlying voltage holding in vacuum, in particular the mechanisms causing breakdowns and the electrode conditioning process. At HVPTF, inside a high vacuum chamber, two stainless steel electrodes, separated by a few centimeters gap, can achieve HV values for a maximum potential difference of 800 kV. During the voltage conditioning of the electrodes, current MicroDischarges (MDs) and high-energy X-rays are observed and analyzed. In this work, we present a characterization of the MD dynamics occurring during the conditioning process, with the aim to gain information on the reason of the growing difference between the current contributions measured by the two electrodes. The analysis will be performed due to two new X-rays detectors recently installed: an lutetium yttrium orthosilicate (LYSO) and a LaBr3(Ce) scintillating crystal. The new diagnostics indeed provide the fine dynamics of a single MD, recording energy and time of each single detected X-ray. In particular, we compare the MD dynamics at the beginning and at the end of the conditioning process and try to give a preliminary interpretation of the observations.

Published
2022

18. 1000 Days: The “WeCare Generation” Program—The Ultimate Model for Improving Human Mental Health and Economics: The Study Protocol

Author

Uccellini, O, Benlodi, A, Caroppo, E, Cena, L, Esposito, G, Fernandez, I, Ghazanfar, M, Imbasciati, A, Longo, F, Mazza, M, Marano, G, Nacinovich, R, Pignatto, A, Rolnick, A, Trivelli, M, Spada, E, Vanzini, C, Uccellini O., Benlodi A., Caroppo E., Cena L., Esposito G., Fernandez I., Ghazanfar M., Imbasciati A., Longo F., Mazza M., Marano G., Nacinovich R., Pignatto A., Rolnick A., Trivelli M., Spada E., Vanzini C., Uccellini, O, Benlodi, A, Caroppo, E, Cena, L, Esposito, G, Fernandez, I, Ghazanfar, M, Imbasciati, A, Longo, F, Mazza, M, Marano, G, Nacinovich, R, Pignatto, A, Rolnick, A, Trivelli, M, Spada, E, Vanzini, C, Uccellini O., Benlodi A., Caroppo E., Cena L., Esposito G., Fernandez I., Ghazanfar M., Imbasciati A., Longo F., Mazza M., Marano G., Nacinovich R., Pignatto A., Rolnick A., Trivelli M., Spada E., and Vanzini C.

Abstract

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic stressed the necessity of a new resilience of the human population and health system. The “WeCare Generation” program is a new proposal of territorial intervention, with a new paradigm, on the diseases of the human body and mind. Background: In recent decades, the independent strands of investigation on brain plasticity and early trauma consequences have demonstrated that traumatic experiences in the period from pregnancy to the age of 3 years have an enormous impact on an individual’s future development, and both physical and mental health. Research shows that adverse child experiences (ACEs) are associated with a strong risk of conditions such as: harmful alcohol use, smoking, illicit drug use, high body-mass index, depression, anxiety, interpersonal violence, cancer, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, stroke respiratory diseases and, as a consequence, to a high financial cost in Italy and also across Europe (1–9% GDP) and the USA (total annual costs estimated to be USD 581 billion in Europe and USD 748 billion in North America). All this suggests that an early intervention on that traumatized-slice of population leads to multiplied savings. Methods: A multi-center, randomized, controlled trial was designed. The parents of the future neonatal population (from pregnancy to delivery) with trauma will be enrolled, and randomized to treatment, or control arm. The article describes in detail how the primary outpoint (cost to the national health system), and some secondary outpoints, will be collected. Discussion: An overall rate of return on investment (ROI) statistically significant 13.0% per annum with an associated benefit/cost ratio (BCR) of 6.3 is expected as the primary outcome of the “WeCare Generation” program. Our proposed model predicts a new medical paradigm aiming to empower new generations, with a strong return on economy and health.

Published
2022

19. Characterization of vacuum HV microdischarges at HVPTF through X-ray bremsstrahlung spectroscopy

Author

Kushoro, M, Croci, G, Mario, I, Muraro, A, Rigamonti, D, Cancelli, S, De Lorenzi, A, Fincato, M, Fontana, C, Gobbo, R, Grosso, G, Lotto, L, Mc Cormack, O, Putignano, O, Pino, F, Spada, E, Spagnolo, S, Tardocchi, M, Pilan, N, Kushoro M. H., Croci G., Mario I., Muraro A., Rigamonti D., Cancelli S., De Lorenzi A., Fincato M., Fontana C., Gobbo R., Grosso G., Lotto L., Mc Cormack O., Putignano O., Pino F., Spada E., Spagnolo S., Tardocchi M., Pilan N., Kushoro, M, Croci, G, Mario, I, Muraro, A, Rigamonti, D, Cancelli, S, De Lorenzi, A, Fincato, M, Fontana, C, Gobbo, R, Grosso, G, Lotto, L, Mc Cormack, O, Putignano, O, Pino, F, Spada, E, Spagnolo, S, Tardocchi, M, Pilan, N, Kushoro M. H., Croci G., Mario I., Muraro A., Rigamonti D., Cancelli S., De Lorenzi A., Fincato M., Fontana C., Gobbo R., Grosso G., Lotto L., Mc Cormack O., Putignano O., Pino F., Spada E., Spagnolo S., Tardocchi M., and Pilan N.

Abstract

The development of MITICA, the prototype for a neutral beam injector for ITER, drives the interest in investigating high HV insulation in vacuum. The High Voltage Padova Test Facility (HVPTF) is an experimental device with the aim of studying the fundamental processes leading to discharges, offering a framework to develop new diagnostics, models, and mode of operations for MITICA. For this purpose, HVPTF features a vacuum chamber containing two electrodes which can achieve an HV difference up to 800 kV. X-ray bremsstrahlung radiation produced by free charges accelerated by the HV was proven to be a promising monitoring mechanism in the past; as such, two scintillating crystals, a LYSO and a LaBr3, coupled with fast electronics were used to conduct hard X-ray spectroscopy. This work describes a newly custom-developed software tool to analyze the spectroscopy from scintillators and integrate it with the HVPTF analog data. The tool was employed to study two experimental sessions, reaching promising results in the characterization of microdischarges, especially in terms of time resolution. Detection limits imposed by pile-up and other processes were identified and addressed, finding the best range of operation of the two scintillators. The performed study opens the way for the analysis of data obtained in all 2020 and 2021 experimental campaigns, thus giving the possibility to implement future improvements in HVPTF X-ray spectroscopy.

Published
2022

21. Characterization of X-Ray Events in a Vacuum High Voltage Long-Gap Experiment

Author

Spagnolo, S., primary, Pilan, N., additional, De Lorenzi, A., additional, Fontana, C. L., additional, McCormack, O., additional, Muraro, A., additional, Croci, G., additional, Gobbo, R., additional, Gorini, G., additional, Grosso, G., additional, Fincato, M., additional, Lotto, L., additional, Martines, E., additional, Pino, F., additional, Rigamonti, D., additional, Rossetto, F., additional, Spada, E., additional, Tardocchi, M., additional, and Zuin, M., additional

Published
2022
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23. Critically Appraised Topic on Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) in Dogs: An Advisable Treatment for Skin Diseases?

Author

Perego, R., Martina, M., Spada, E., and Proverbio, D.

Subjects
dermatology, low-level laser therapy, dogs, photodynamic therapy, photobiomodulation, fluorescence biomodulation, therapeutic laser, Settore VET/08 - Clinica Medica Veterinaria
Abstract

Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is a therapeutic option that stimulates cellular function through intracellular photobiological and photochemical reactions, promoting better tissue repair and an anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and analgesic effect. Previous studies in human and veterinary medicine have shown the clinical efficacy of LLLT in many fields. In this study, the literature was reviewed using the critically appraised topic (CAT) method to determine the canine skin diseases for which LLLT is an advisable treatment. A meticulous literature search revealed 19 significant clinical trials, which were critically analyzed. The evaluation of the best accessible evidence in July 2022 suggests that fluorescence biomodulation (FBM), a type of LLLT, can, in combination with systemic antibiotic therapy, be a promising and effective adjunctive treatment for canine interdigital pyoderma and canine deep pyoderma. Furthermore, the evidence suggests that the use of LLLT is not recommended as a therapy for pedal pruritus secondary to canine atopic dermatitis. For other canine skin diseases included in the CAT, although LLLT appears to be a promising treatment, there is not yet good scientific evidence to recommend its use.

Published
2022

24. Pre-Breakdown Phenomena Between Vacuum Insulated Electrodes: The Role of Accumulation Points in the Onset of Microdischarges

Author

Pilan, N., primary, Cavenago, M., additional, Chitarin, G., additional, De Lorenzi, A., additional, Fontana, C. L., additional, McCormack, O., additional, Gobbo, R., additional, Fincato, M., additional, Lotto, L., additional, Pesavento, G., additional, Pino, F., additional, Spada, E., additional, Spagnolo, S., additional, and Zuin, M., additional

Published
2022
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26. On the road to ITER NBIs: SPIDER improvement after first operation and MITICA construction progress

Author

Toigo, V, Marcuzzi, D, Serianni, G, Boldrin, M, Chitarin, G, Bello, S, Grando, L, Luchetta, A, Pasqualotto, R, Zaccaria, P, Zanotto, L, Agnello, R, Agostinetti, P, Agostini, M, Antoni, V, Aprile, D, Barbisan, M, Battistella, M, Berton, G, Bigi, M, Brombin, M, Candeloro, V, Canton, A, Casagrande, R, Cavallini, C, Cavazzana, R, Cordaro, L, Cruz, N, Palma, M, Dan, M, De Lorenzi, A, Delogu, R, De Muri, M, Denizeau, S, Fadone, M, Fellin, F, Ferro, A, Gaio, E, Gasparini, F, Gasparrini, C, Gnesotto, F, Jain, P, Krastev, P, Lopez-Bruna, D, Lorenzini, R, Maistrello, A, Manduchi, G, Manfrin, S, Marconato, N, Martines, E, Martini, G, Martini, S, Milazzo, R, Patton, T, Pavei, M, Peruzzo, S, Pilan, N, Pimazzoni, A, Poggi, C, Pomaro, N, Pouradier-Duteil, B, Recchia, M, Rigoni-Garola, A, Rizzolo, A, Sartori, E, Shepherd, A, Siragusa, M, Sonato, P, Sottocornola, A, Spada, E, Spagnolo, S, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Terranova, D, Tinti, P, Tomsic, P, Trevisan, L, Ugoletti, M, Valente, M, Vignando, M, Zagorski, R, Zamengo, A, Zaniol, B, Zaupa, M, Zuin, M, Cavenago, M, Boilson, D, Rotti, C, Veltri, P, Decamps, H, Dremel, M, Graceffa, J, Geli, F, Urbani, M, Zacks, J, Bonicelli, T, Paolucci, F, Garbuglia, A, Agarici, G, Gomez, G, Gutierrez, D, Kouzmenko, G, Labate, C, Masiello, A, Mico, G, Moreno, J, Pilard, V, Rousseau, A, Simon, M, Kashiwagi, M, Tobari, H, Watanabe, K, Maejima, T, Kojima, A, Oshita, E, Yamashita, Y, Konno, S, Singh, M, Chakraborty, A, Patel, H, Singh, N, Fantz, U, Bonomo, F, Cristofaro, S, Heinemann, B, Kraus, W, Wimmer, C, Wunderlich, D, Fubiani, G, Tsumori, K, Croci, G, Gorini, G, Mccormack, O, Muraro, A, Rebai, M, Tardocchi, M, Giacomelli, L, Rigamonti, D, Taccogna, F, Bruno, D, Rutigliano, M, D'Arienzo, M, Tonti, A, Panin, F, Toigo V., Marcuzzi D., Serianni G., Boldrin M., Chitarin G., Bello S. D., Grando L., Luchetta A., Pasqualotto R., Zaccaria P., Zanotto L., Agnello R., Agostinetti P., Agostini M., Antoni V., Aprile D., Barbisan M., Battistella M., Berton G., Bigi M., Brombin M., Candeloro V., Canton A., Casagrande R., Cavallini C., Cavazzana R., Cordaro L., Cruz N., Palma M. D., Dan M., De Lorenzi A., Delogu R., De Muri M., Denizeau S., Fadone M., Fellin F., Ferro A., Gaio E., Gasparini F., Gasparrini C., Gnesotto F., Jain P., Krastev P., Lopez-Bruna D., Lorenzini R., Maistrello A., Manduchi G., Manfrin S., Marconato N., Martines E., Martini G., Martini S., Milazzo R., Patton T., Pavei M., Peruzzo S., Pilan N., Pimazzoni A., Poggi C., Pomaro N., Pouradier-Duteil B., Recchia M., Rigoni-Garola A., Rizzolo A., Sartori E., Shepherd A., Siragusa M., Sonato P., Sottocornola A., Spada E., Spagnolo S., Spolaore M., Taliercio C., Terranova D., Tinti P., Tomsic P., Trevisan L., Ugoletti M., Valente M., Vignando M., Zagorski R., Zamengo A., Zaniol B., Zaupa M., Zuin M., Cavenago M., Boilson D., Rotti C., Veltri P., Decamps H., Dremel M., Graceffa J., Geli F., Urbani M., Zacks J., Bonicelli T., Paolucci F., Garbuglia A., Agarici G., Gomez G., Gutierrez D., Kouzmenko G., Labate C., Masiello A., Mico G., Moreno J. -F., Pilard V., Rousseau A., Simon M., Kashiwagi M., Tobari H., Watanabe K., Maejima T., Kojima A., Oshita E., Yamashita Y., Konno S., Singh M., Chakraborty A., Patel H., Singh N. P., Fantz U., Bonomo F., Cristofaro S., Heinemann B., Kraus W., Wimmer C., Wunderlich D., Fubiani G., Tsumori K., Croci G., Gorini G., McCormack O., Muraro A., Rebai M., Tardocchi M., Giacomelli L., Rigamonti D., Taccogna F., Bruno D., Rutigliano M., D'Arienzo M., Tonti A., Panin F., Toigo, V, Marcuzzi, D, Serianni, G, Boldrin, M, Chitarin, G, Bello, S, Grando, L, Luchetta, A, Pasqualotto, R, Zaccaria, P, Zanotto, L, Agnello, R, Agostinetti, P, Agostini, M, Antoni, V, Aprile, D, Barbisan, M, Battistella, M, Berton, G, Bigi, M, Brombin, M, Candeloro, V, Canton, A, Casagrande, R, Cavallini, C, Cavazzana, R, Cordaro, L, Cruz, N, Palma, M, Dan, M, De Lorenzi, A, Delogu, R, De Muri, M, Denizeau, S, Fadone, M, Fellin, F, Ferro, A, Gaio, E, Gasparini, F, Gasparrini, C, Gnesotto, F, Jain, P, Krastev, P, Lopez-Bruna, D, Lorenzini, R, Maistrello, A, Manduchi, G, Manfrin, S, Marconato, N, Martines, E, Martini, G, Martini, S, Milazzo, R, Patton, T, Pavei, M, Peruzzo, S, Pilan, N, Pimazzoni, A, Poggi, C, Pomaro, N, Pouradier-Duteil, B, Recchia, M, Rigoni-Garola, A, Rizzolo, A, Sartori, E, Shepherd, A, Siragusa, M, Sonato, P, Sottocornola, A, Spada, E, Spagnolo, S, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Terranova, D, Tinti, P, Tomsic, P, Trevisan, L, Ugoletti, M, Valente, M, Vignando, M, Zagorski, R, Zamengo, A, Zaniol, B, Zaupa, M, Zuin, M, Cavenago, M, Boilson, D, Rotti, C, Veltri, P, Decamps, H, Dremel, M, Graceffa, J, Geli, F, Urbani, M, Zacks, J, Bonicelli, T, Paolucci, F, Garbuglia, A, Agarici, G, Gomez, G, Gutierrez, D, Kouzmenko, G, Labate, C, Masiello, A, Mico, G, Moreno, J, Pilard, V, Rousseau, A, Simon, M, Kashiwagi, M, Tobari, H, Watanabe, K, Maejima, T, Kojima, A, Oshita, E, Yamashita, Y, Konno, S, Singh, M, Chakraborty, A, Patel, H, Singh, N, Fantz, U, Bonomo, F, Cristofaro, S, Heinemann, B, Kraus, W, Wimmer, C, Wunderlich, D, Fubiani, G, Tsumori, K, Croci, G, Gorini, G, Mccormack, O, Muraro, A, Rebai, M, Tardocchi, M, Giacomelli, L, Rigamonti, D, Taccogna, F, Bruno, D, Rutigliano, M, D'Arienzo, M, Tonti, A, Panin, F, Toigo V., Marcuzzi D., Serianni G., Boldrin M., Chitarin G., Bello S. D., Grando L., Luchetta A., Pasqualotto R., Zaccaria P., Zanotto L., Agnello R., Agostinetti P., Agostini M., Antoni V., Aprile D., Barbisan M., Battistella M., Berton G., Bigi M., Brombin M., Candeloro V., Canton A., Casagrande R., Cavallini C., Cavazzana R., Cordaro L., Cruz N., Palma M. D., Dan M., De Lorenzi A., Delogu R., De Muri M., Denizeau S., Fadone M., Fellin F., Ferro A., Gaio E., Gasparini F., Gasparrini C., Gnesotto F., Jain P., Krastev P., Lopez-Bruna D., Lorenzini R., Maistrello A., Manduchi G., Manfrin S., Marconato N., Martines E., Martini G., Martini S., Milazzo R., Patton T., Pavei M., Peruzzo S., Pilan N., Pimazzoni A., Poggi C., Pomaro N., Pouradier-Duteil B., Recchia M., Rigoni-Garola A., Rizzolo A., Sartori E., Shepherd A., Siragusa M., Sonato P., Sottocornola A., Spada E., Spagnolo S., Spolaore M., Taliercio C., Terranova D., Tinti P., Tomsic P., Trevisan L., Ugoletti M., Valente M., Vignando M., Zagorski R., Zamengo A., Zaniol B., Zaupa M., Zuin M., Cavenago M., Boilson D., Rotti C., Veltri P., Decamps H., Dremel M., Graceffa J., Geli F., Urbani M., Zacks J., Bonicelli T., Paolucci F., Garbuglia A., Agarici G., Gomez G., Gutierrez D., Kouzmenko G., Labate C., Masiello A., Mico G., Moreno J. -F., Pilard V., Rousseau A., Simon M., Kashiwagi M., Tobari H., Watanabe K., Maejima T., Kojima A., Oshita E., Yamashita Y., Konno S., Singh M., Chakraborty A., Patel H., Singh N. P., Fantz U., Bonomo F., Cristofaro S., Heinemann B., Kraus W., Wimmer C., Wunderlich D., Fubiani G., Tsumori K., Croci G., Gorini G., McCormack O., Muraro A., Rebai M., Tardocchi M., Giacomelli L., Rigamonti D., Taccogna F., Bruno D., Rutigliano M., D'Arienzo M., Tonti A., and Panin F.

Abstract

To reach fusion conditions and control the plasma configuration in ITER, the next step in tokamak fusion research, two neutral beam injectors (NBIs) will supply 16.5 MW each, by neutralizing accelerated negative hydrogen or deuterium ions. The requirements of ITER NBIs (40A/1 MeV D- ions for ≤1 h, 46A/870 keV H- ions for ≤1000 s) have never been simultaneously attained. So in the Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF, Consorzio RFX, Italy) the operation of the full-scale ITER NBI prototype (MITICA) will be tested and optimised up to full performances, focussing on accelerator (including voltage holding), beam optics, neutralisation, residual ion removal. The NBTF includes also the full-scale prototype of the ITER NBI source with 100 keV particle energy (SPIDER), for early investigation of: negative ion production and extraction, source uniformity, negative ion current density and beam optics. This paper will describe the main results of the first two years of SPIDER operation, devoted to characterizing plasma and beam parameters, including investigation of RF-plasma coupling efficiency and magnetic filter field effectiveness in reducing co-extracted electrons. SPIDER is progressing towards the first caesium injection, which aims at increasing the negative ion density. A major shutdown, planned for 2021, to solve the issues identified during the operation and to carry out programmed modifications, will be outlined. The installation of each MITICA power supply and auxiliary system is completed; in-vessel mechanical components are under procurement by Fusion for Energy (F4E). Integration, commissioning and test of the power supplies, procured by F4E and QST, as the Japanese Domestic Agency (JADA), will be presented. In particular, 1.0MV insulating tests were carried out step-by-step and successfully completed. In 2020 integrated tests of the power supplies on the accelerator dummy load started, including the assessment of their resilience to accelerator grid breakdowns usin

Published
2021

27. Study of high DC voltage breakdown between stainless steel electrodes separated by long vacuum gaps

Author

Pilan, N, Deambrosis, S, De Lorenzi, A, Fincato, M, Fontana, C, Gobbo, R, Lotto, L, Martines, E, Mc Cormack, O, Pasqualotto, R, Patton, T, Pesavento, G, Pino, F, Spada, E, Spagnolo, S, Zuin, M, Pilan N, Deambrosis SM, De Lorenzi A, Fincato M, Fontana C, Gobbo R, Lotto L, Martines E, Mc Cormack O, Pasqualotto R, Patton T, Pesavento G, Pino F, Spada E, Spagnolo S, Zuin M, Pilan, N, Deambrosis, S, De Lorenzi, A, Fincato, M, Fontana, C, Gobbo, R, Lotto, L, Martines, E, Mc Cormack, O, Pasqualotto, R, Patton, T, Pesavento, G, Pino, F, Spada, E, Spagnolo, S, Zuin, M, Pilan N, Deambrosis SM, De Lorenzi A, Fincato M, Fontana C, Gobbo R, Lotto L, Martines E, Mc Cormack O, Pasqualotto R, Patton T, Pesavento G, Pino F, Spada E, Spagnolo S, and Zuin M

Abstract

High voltage (HV) insulation across a single gap in vacuum and low-pressure gas is a critical issue in relation to the development and realization of the electrostatic accelerator for the ITER neutral beam injector (NBI) (Toigo et al 2017 New J. Phys. 19 085004). The present paper describes and analyzes the recent experimental results obtained at the High Voltage Padova Test Facility (HVPTF), the laboratory aimed at supporting the development of the prototype for the ITER NBI (De Lorenzi et al 2011 Fusion Eng. Des. 86 742-5). A voltage up to 800kV(DC) was achieved in the HVPTF during the experimental campaigns with a sphere-plane configurations having variable gap length (from 30 to 150 mm) and pressure ranging from high vacuum (10(-7) mbar) to 10(-3) mbar in argon. Such an experimental campaign represents one of the few examples where voltages higher than 500-550 kV DC are sustained by a single vacuum gap between electrodes (Rohrbach 1971 CERN Report 71-5) and therefore constitutes additional experience to improve the knowledge of voltage holding across large vacuum gaps. The results in high vacuum indicate that at the beginning of voltage conditioning the breakdown events occur at the same cathodic electric field irrespective of the electrode geometry. However, after sufficient conditioning time, the breakdown voltage distribution seems to depend also on the electric field at the anode and on the total voltage between electrodes. A benchmark between a numerical tool previously developed to predict the voltage holding in high vacuum (voltage holding prediction model, VHPM (Pilan et al 2011 Fusion Eng. Des. 86 742-5)) and the experimental results is also reported and discussed.

Published
2020

28. Lack of association between feline AB blood groups and retroviral status: A multicenter, multicountry study

Author

Spada, E., Jung, H., Proverbio, D., Perego, R., Baggiani, L., Ciuti, S., Sharp, C.R., Nash, K.J., Westman, M., Lait, P.J.P., Davidow, E.B., Spada, E., Jung, H., Proverbio, D., Perego, R., Baggiani, L., Ciuti, S., Sharp, C.R., Nash, K.J., Westman, M., Lait, P.J.P., and Davidow, E.B.

Abstract

Objectives The relationship between blood group antigens and disease has been studied in humans. Blood types have been associated with both decreased and increased rates of various infections. In addition, blood group expression has been shown to vary with some cancers and gastrointestinal diseases. The objective of this study was to explore whether there is a relationship between blood type and retroviral infections in cats. Methods Case records from a veterinary research laboratory, veterinary teaching hospitals and veterinary blood banks were retrospectively searched for cats where both blood type and retroviral status (feline leukemia [FeLV], feline immunodeficiency virus [FIV] or both) were listed (part 1). In addition, a sample of 33 cats with confirmed FIV infection was genotyped to determine blood groups (part 2). Results In part 1, 709 cats were identified, 119 of which were positive for retroviral infection. Among all cases, 621 were type A (87.6%), 68 were type B (9.6%) and 20 were type AB (2.8%). There was no relationship between overall retroviral status (positive/negative) and blood type (P = 0.43), between FeLV status and blood type (P = 0.86) or between FIV status and blood type (P = 0.94). There was no difference in the distribution of blood types between cats that were healthy and typed as possible blood donors vs sick cats that were typed prior to a possible transfusion (P = 0.13). In part 2, of the 33 FIV-infected cats, all blood group genotypes were identified, although this test did not discriminate type A from type AB. Conclusions and relevance No relationship was identified between feline retroviral status and blood type in this study. The relationship between blood type and other disease states requires further study in veterinary patients.

Published
2022

31. Characterization of vacuum HV microdischarges at HVPTF through X-ray bremsstrahlung spectroscopy

Author

Kushoro, M.H., primary, Croci, G., additional, Mario, I., additional, Muraro, A., additional, Rigamonti, D., additional, Cancelli, S., additional, De Lorenzi, A., additional, Fincato, M., additional, Fontana, C., additional, Gobbo, R., additional, Grosso, G., additional, Lotto, L., additional, Mc Cormack, O., additional, Putignano, O., additional, Pino, F., additional, Spada, E., additional, Spagnolo, S., additional, Tardocchi, M., additional, and Pilan, N., additional

Published
2022
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33. Progress in the ITER neutral beam test facility

Author

Toigo, V, Dal Bello, S, Bigi, M, Boldrin, M, Chitarin, G, Grando, L, Luchetta, A, Marcuzzi, D, Pasqualotto, R, Pomaro, N, Serianni, G, Zaccaria, P, Zanotto, L, Agostinetti, P, Agostini, M, Antoni, V, Aprile, D, Barbisan, M, Battistella, M, Brombin, M, Cavazzana, R, Dalla Palma, M, Dan, M, Denizeau, S, De Lorenzi, A, Delogu, R, De Muri, M, Fadone, M, Fellin, F, Ferro, A, Fiorentin, A, Gaio, E, Gambetta, G, Gasparini, F, Gnesotto, F, Jain, P, Maistrello, A, Manduchi, G, Manfrin, S, Marchiori, G, Marconato, N, Moresco, M, Ocello, E, Patton, T, Pavei, M, Peruzzo, S, Pilan, N, Pimazzoni, A, Piovan, R, Poggi, C, Recchia, M, Rizzolo, A, Rostagni, G, Sartori, E, Siragusa, M, Sonato, P, Sottocornola, A, Spada, E, Spagnolo, S, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Tinti, P, Ugoletti, M, Valente, M, Zamengo, A, Zaniol, B, Zaupa, M, Boilson, D, Rotti, C, Veltri, P, Chareyre, J, Decamps, H, Dremel, M, Graceffa, J, Geli, F, Schunke, B, Svensson, L, Urbani, M, Bonicelli, T, Agarici, G, Garbuglia, A, Masiello, A, Paolucci, F, Simon, M, Bailly-Maitre, L, Bragulat, E, Gomez, G, Gutierrez, D, Labate, C, Mico, G, Moreno, J, Pilard, V, Kouzmenko, G, Rousseau, A, Kashiwagi, M, Tobari, H, Watanabe, K, Maejima, T, Kojima, A, Umeda, N, Sasaki, S, Chakraborty, A, Baruah, U, Patel, H, Singh, N, Patel, A, Dhola, H, Raval, B, Gupta, V, Fantz, U, Heinemann, B, Kraus, W, Cavenago, M, Hanke, S, Ochoa, S, Blatchford, P, Chuilon, B, Xue, Y, Croci, G, Gorini, G, Muraro, A, Rebai, M, Tardocchi, M, D'Arienzo, M, Sandri, S, Tonti, A, Panin, F, Toigo V., Dal Bello S., Bigi M., Boldrin M., Chitarin G., Grando L., Luchetta A., Marcuzzi D., Pasqualotto R., Pomaro N., Serianni G., Zaccaria P., Zanotto L., Agostinetti P., Agostini M., Antoni V., Aprile D., Barbisan M., Battistella M., Brombin M., Cavazzana R., Dalla Palma M., Dan M., Denizeau S., De Lorenzi A., Delogu R., De Muri M., Fadone M., Fellin F., Ferro A., Fiorentin A., Gaio E., Gambetta G., Gasparini F., Gnesotto F., Jain P., Maistrello A., Manduchi G., Manfrin S., Marchiori G., Marconato N., Moresco M., Ocello E., Patton T., Pavei M., Peruzzo S., Pilan N., Pimazzoni A., Piovan R., Poggi C., Recchia M., Rizzolo A., Rostagni G., Sartori E., Siragusa M., Sonato P., Sottocornola A., Spada E., Spagnolo S., Spolaore M., Taliercio C., Tinti P., Ugoletti M., Valente M., Zamengo A., Zaniol B., Zaupa M., Boilson D., Rotti C., Veltri P., Chareyre J., Decamps H., Dremel M., Graceffa J., Geli F., Schunke B., Svensson L., Urbani M., Bonicelli T., Agarici G., Garbuglia A., Masiello A., Paolucci F., Simon M., Bailly-Maitre L., Bragulat E., Gomez G., Gutierrez D., Labate C., Mico G., Moreno J. F., Pilard V., Kouzmenko G., Rousseau A., Kashiwagi M., Tobari H., Watanabe K., Maejima T., Kojima A., Umeda N., Sasaki S., Chakraborty A., Baruah U., Patel H., Singh N. P., Patel A., Dhola H., Raval B., Gupta V., Fantz U., Heinemann B., Kraus W., Cavenago M., Hanke S., Ochoa S., Blatchford P., Chuilon B., Xue Y., Croci G., Gorini G., Muraro A., Rebai M., Tardocchi M., D'Arienzo M., Sandri S., Tonti A., Panin F., Toigo, V, Dal Bello, S, Bigi, M, Boldrin, M, Chitarin, G, Grando, L, Luchetta, A, Marcuzzi, D, Pasqualotto, R, Pomaro, N, Serianni, G, Zaccaria, P, Zanotto, L, Agostinetti, P, Agostini, M, Antoni, V, Aprile, D, Barbisan, M, Battistella, M, Brombin, M, Cavazzana, R, Dalla Palma, M, Dan, M, Denizeau, S, De Lorenzi, A, Delogu, R, De Muri, M, Fadone, M, Fellin, F, Ferro, A, Fiorentin, A, Gaio, E, Gambetta, G, Gasparini, F, Gnesotto, F, Jain, P, Maistrello, A, Manduchi, G, Manfrin, S, Marchiori, G, Marconato, N, Moresco, M, Ocello, E, Patton, T, Pavei, M, Peruzzo, S, Pilan, N, Pimazzoni, A, Piovan, R, Poggi, C, Recchia, M, Rizzolo, A, Rostagni, G, Sartori, E, Siragusa, M, Sonato, P, Sottocornola, A, Spada, E, Spagnolo, S, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Tinti, P, Ugoletti, M, Valente, M, Zamengo, A, Zaniol, B, Zaupa, M, Boilson, D, Rotti, C, Veltri, P, Chareyre, J, Decamps, H, Dremel, M, Graceffa, J, Geli, F, Schunke, B, Svensson, L, Urbani, M, Bonicelli, T, Agarici, G, Garbuglia, A, Masiello, A, Paolucci, F, Simon, M, Bailly-Maitre, L, Bragulat, E, Gomez, G, Gutierrez, D, Labate, C, Mico, G, Moreno, J, Pilard, V, Kouzmenko, G, Rousseau, A, Kashiwagi, M, Tobari, H, Watanabe, K, Maejima, T, Kojima, A, Umeda, N, Sasaki, S, Chakraborty, A, Baruah, U, Patel, H, Singh, N, Patel, A, Dhola, H, Raval, B, Gupta, V, Fantz, U, Heinemann, B, Kraus, W, Cavenago, M, Hanke, S, Ochoa, S, Blatchford, P, Chuilon, B, Xue, Y, Croci, G, Gorini, G, Muraro, A, Rebai, M, Tardocchi, M, D'Arienzo, M, Sandri, S, Tonti, A, Panin, F, Toigo V., Dal Bello S., Bigi M., Boldrin M., Chitarin G., Grando L., Luchetta A., Marcuzzi D., Pasqualotto R., Pomaro N., Serianni G., Zaccaria P., Zanotto L., Agostinetti P., Agostini M., Antoni V., Aprile D., Barbisan M., Battistella M., Brombin M., Cavazzana R., Dalla Palma M., Dan M., Denizeau S., De Lorenzi A., Delogu R., De Muri M., Fadone M., Fellin F., Ferro A., Fiorentin A., Gaio E., Gambetta G., Gasparini F., Gnesotto F., Jain P., Maistrello A., Manduchi G., Manfrin S., Marchiori G., Marconato N., Moresco M., Ocello E., Patton T., Pavei M., Peruzzo S., Pilan N., Pimazzoni A., Piovan R., Poggi C., Recchia M., Rizzolo A., Rostagni G., Sartori E., Siragusa M., Sonato P., Sottocornola A., Spada E., Spagnolo S., Spolaore M., Taliercio C., Tinti P., Ugoletti M., Valente M., Zamengo A., Zaniol B., Zaupa M., Boilson D., Rotti C., Veltri P., Chareyre J., Decamps H., Dremel M., Graceffa J., Geli F., Schunke B., Svensson L., Urbani M., Bonicelli T., Agarici G., Garbuglia A., Masiello A., Paolucci F., Simon M., Bailly-Maitre L., Bragulat E., Gomez G., Gutierrez D., Labate C., Mico G., Moreno J. F., Pilard V., Kouzmenko G., Rousseau A., Kashiwagi M., Tobari H., Watanabe K., Maejima T., Kojima A., Umeda N., Sasaki S., Chakraborty A., Baruah U., Patel H., Singh N. P., Patel A., Dhola H., Raval B., Gupta V., Fantz U., Heinemann B., Kraus W., Cavenago M., Hanke S., Ochoa S., Blatchford P., Chuilon B., Xue Y., Croci G., Gorini G., Muraro A., Rebai M., Tardocchi M., D'Arienzo M., Sandri S., Tonti A., and Panin F.

Abstract

Heating neutral beam (HNB) injectors, necessary to achieve burning conditions and to control plasma instabilities in ITER, are characterized by such demanding parameters that a neutral beam test facility (NBTF) dedicated to their development and optimization is being realized in Padua (Italy) with direct contributions from the Italian government (through Consorzio RFX as the host entity) and the ITER international organization (with kind contributions from the ITER domestic agencies of Europe, Japan and India) and technical and scientific support from various European laboratories and universities. The NBTF hosts two experiments: SPIDER, devoted to ion source optimization for the required source performance, and MITICA, the full-size prototype of the ITER HNB, with an ion source identical to SPIDER. This paper gives an overview of the progress towards NBTF realization, with particular emphasis on issues discovered during this phase of activity and on solutions adopted to minimize the impact on the schedule and maintain the goals of the facilities. The realization of MITICA is well advanced; operation is expected to start in 2023 due to the long procurement time of the in-vessel mechanical components. The beam source power supplies, operating at 1 MV, are in an advanced phase of realization; all high-voltage components have been installed and the complex insulation test phase began in 2018. At the same time, construction and installation of SPIDER plant systems was successfully completed with their integration into the facility. The mechanical components of the SPIDER ion source were installed inside the vessel and connected to the plants. Integrated commissioning with the control, protection and safety systems ended positively and the first experimental phase has begun. The first results of the SPIDER experiment, with data from operational diagnostics, and the plans for the 1 MV insulation tests on the MITICA high-voltage components are presented.

Published
2019

34. Pre-breakdown phenomena between electrodes in vacuum: the role of accumulation points in the onset of microdischarges

Author

Pilan, N., primary, Cavenago, M., additional, Chitarin, G., additional, Lorenzi, A. De, additional, Fontana, C.L., additional, McCormack, O., additional, Gobbo, R., additional, Fincato, M., additional, Lotto, L., additional, Pesavento, G., additional, Pino, F., additional, Spada, E., additional, Spagnolo, S., additional, and Zuin, M., additional

Published
2021
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35. New Development of BIRD model

Author

Spada, E., primary, De Lorenzi, A., additional, Lotto, L., additional, Pilan, N., additional, Spagnolo, S., additional, and Zuin, M., additional

Published
2021
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36. Characterization of X-ray Events for a Vacuum High Voltage Holding Experiment

Author

Spagnolo, S., primary, Pilan, N., additional, Lorenzi, A. De, additional, Fontana, C.L., additional, McCormack, O., additional, Muraro, A., additional, Croci, G., additional, Gobbo, G., additional, Gorini, G., additional, Grosso, G., additional, Fincato, M., additional, Lotto, L., additional, Martines, E., additional, Pino, F., additional, Rigamonti, D., additional, Rossetto, F., additional, Spada, E., additional, Tardocchi, M., additional, and Zuin, M., additional

Published
2021
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37. A GEM-based high-rate x-rays diagnostic for flux measurement during high voltage conditioning in vacuum insulated systems

Author

McCormack, O., primary, Muraro, A., additional, Croci, G., additional, Grosso, G., additional, Pilan, N., additional, Lotto, L., additional, Spagnolo, S., additional, De Lorenzi, A., additional, Gobbo, R., additional, Fontana, C.L., additional, Gorini, G., additional, Fincato, M., additional, Martines, E., additional, Pino, F., additional, Rigamonti, D., additional, Cippo, E. Perelli, additional, Rossetto, F., additional, Spada, E., additional, Zuin, M., additional, Cavenago, M., additional, and Tardocchi, M., additional

Published
2021
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41. A GEM-based high-rate x-rays diagnostic for flux measurement during high voltage conditioning in vacuum insulated systems

Author

Croci G., McCormack O., Muraro A., Grosso G., Spagnolo S., Pilan N., De Lorenzi A., Fontana C.L., Gobbo R., Gorini G., Fincato M., Lotto L., Martines E., Pino F., Rigamonti D., Spada E., Zuin M., Rossetto F., and Tardocchi M.

Subjects
MITICA, Gas Electron Multiplier, X-ray diagnostic, HVPTF, High Voltage Padova Test Facility, XR-GEM
Abstract

The MITICA experiment at Consorzio RFX Padova, within the framework of the European Magnetic Confinement Fusion effort, is a full-scale prototype of the Neutral Beam Injector (NBI) heating system envisioned for ITER, which will be required to produce 1MeV beams of deuterium with an ion current of 40 A for up to 1 hour. These specifications far exceed any current NBI devices with a compact electrostatic accelerator to operate at 1MV being double the voltage reached up to now. To achieve these conditions the entire beam source and accelerator of MITICA are insulated by a vacuum instead of the more commonly used insulating gas. This is to avoid radiation induced conductivity in the gas by radiation produced from fusion reactions. However, this serves to be an overall more complex system and vacuum insulation has its own substantial hurdles regards stability and voltage holding. The High Voltage Padova Test Facility (HVPTF) is a concurrent R&D project focused on understanding the physical processes behind breakdown and micro-discharges in high-voltage insulation, as well as developing new diagnostics, models, and operational modes to address these challenges and aid in the stable operation of MITICA. The highresolution charac-terization of the X-ray energy spectrum during the high voltage conditioning of a multi electrode vacuum insulated system such as HVPTF could be vital to understand the fundamentals behind voltage breakdowns and which stage is causing the micro discharge onset. This technique seems particularly promising for measuring small dark currents (< 10?A), which are generally difficult to be measured with standard techniques. The X-rays produced during HV experiments are mainly due to bremsstrahlung interaction between the electrons escaping from the HV electrodes (field emission effect) and the background gas or the chamber walls. The X-rays spectrum extends from low energy ( ? keV) up to several hundreds of keV depending on the maximum potential difference applied to the electrodes (up to 800 kV). During these events high photon flux (>106 photons/cm2s) is produced. This paper shows the development and preliminary results of a newly designed X-Ray diagnostic based on Gas Electron Multiplier (XR-GEM). This detector is able to stand very high rate (> MHz) in single photon counting mode and can cover the energy range from 3 - 50 keV. The XR GEM detector is equipped with anodic pads (256 pads 6x6 mm2) readout with a new data acquisition system called GEMINI, which gives the possibility to obtain a counting rate of several MHz and, thus, sub-ms time resolution together with mm spatial resolution.

Published
2021

42. Characterization of Vacuum HV Micro discharges at the HVPTF FacilityThrough X-ray Bremsstrahlung Spectroscopy

Author

Kushoro M.H., Muraro A., De Lorenzi A., Fontana C., Martines E., Spada E., Pino F., Pesavento G., Croci G., Grosso G., Mario I., Lotto L., Fincato M., Zuin M., Pilan N., Mc Cormack O., Putignano O., Gobbo R., Pasqualotto R., Spagnolo S., Deambrosis S.M., and Patton T.

Subjects
MITICA, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, ITER, HVPTF, X-ray Bremsstrahlung Spectroscopy
Abstract

The development of MITICA, the prototype for a neutral beam injector for ITER, drives the interest in investigating HV insulation in vacuum. The High Voltage Padova Test Facility (HVPTF) is an experimental device which has the double aim of studying the physical phenomena underlying the voltage holding in vacuum and testing technical solutions to increase the breakdown threshold. HVPTF features a vacuum chamber containing two stainless steel electrodes separated by an adjustable gap of few centimeters. Electrodes are available in different shapes and can achieve an HV difference up to 800 kV. Both the current and the voltage of the electrodes are sampled at a 100 Hz rate along with the vacuum pressure and the gas composition. Two scintillating crystals, a LYSO and a LaBr3, are installed to detect the hard X-ray bremsstrahlung radiation produced by the interaction of the free charges accelerated by the HV difference on the electrode surfaces. Both scintillators are coupled to photomultipliers and have small active volumes and fast electronics, resulting in very fast signals (40-100 ns); this minimizes the pile-up effect and enhances time resolution, allowing for the measurement of X-ray emission spectra to up to 500 keV with a time-width of few hundreds of ?s. The electrodes are subject to a conditioning process through which the breakdown voltage is gradually increased until the system reaches a saturation value. Between major breakdown discharges a series of current micro-discharges are observed, during which the number of bremsstrahlung photons drops almost to zero. A global increase in gas emission is measured in correspondence of such events, likely due to degassing induced by the discharges. The aim of this contribution is to expand the knowledge around the micro-discharge dynamics focusing on the bremsstrahlung spectra obtained through the scintillators. Different micro-discharge types will be characterized and put in relation with the different electrodes and the conditioning phase.

Published
2021

43. Study of X-ray spectra emitted during High Voltage DC conditioning in high vacuum

Author

Pilan N., De Lorenzi A., Fontana C., Spada E., Pesavento G., Lotto L., Fincato M., Mc Corman O., Felix P., Gobbo R., Spagnolo S., and De Ambrosis S.

Subjects
Neutral Beam Injector, High Voltage DC conditioning, ITER, HVPTF, High Voltage Padova Test Facility, NBI
Abstract

High voltage insulation across a single gap in vacuum and low-pressure gas is a critical issue in relation to the development and realization of the electrostatic accelerator for the ITER Neutral Beam Injector (NBI). The present paper describes and analyzes the recent experimental results obtained at the High Voltage Padova Test Facility (HVPTF), the laboratory aimed at supporting the development of the Beam Source of MITICA, the prototype of the ITER NBI now at the beginning of the commissioning phase, in Padova The high voltage conditioning procedure is an in situ treatment based on progressively increase of the voltage with frequent breakdown aimed at reaching the ultimate voltage holding, by eliminating the sources of breakdown located on the surface of the electrodes (microtips, particles, adsorbed gas) insulated by high vacuum (

Published
2021

44. Pelagic habitats under MSFD D1: scientific advice of policy relevance Recommendations to frame problems and solutions for the pelagic habitats' assessment

Author

Magliozzi, C., Druon, J. N., Palialexis, A., Aguzzi, L., Alexande, B., Antoniadis, K., Artigas, L. F., Azzellino, A., Bisinicu, E., Boicenco, L., Bojanic, N., Francé, Janja, Boschetti, S., Carmo, V., Cervantes, P., Coll, M., Curmi, M., Del Amo, Y., Dutz, J., Garcés, E., Gea, G, Giannakourou, A, Goberville, E, Goffart, A, Gomes Pereira, J. N., González-Quirós, R., Gorokhova, E., Helaouet, P., Henriques, F., Heyden, B, Jakobsen, H., Johansen, M., Jurgensone, I., Korpinen, S., Kremp, A., Kuosa, H., Labayle, L., Lazar, L., Guglielmo, L., McQuatters-Gollop, A., Živana Ninčević Gladan, Pagou, Kalliopi, Penna, Antonella, Pettersson, K., Ruiter, H., Skejic, Sanda, Spada, E., Spinu, A., Tew-Kai, E., Totti, C., Tunesi, L., Vadrucci, M. R., Valavanis, V., Varkitzi, Ioanna, Vasiliades, L., Veldeki, G., Vidjak, Olja, Vincent, D., and Zervoudaki, S.

Published
2021
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45. Association of Veterinary Hematology and Transfusion Medicine (AVHTM) transfusion reaction small animal consensus statement (TRACS). Part 3: Diagnosis and treatment

Author

Odunayo, A., Nash, K.J., Davidow, E.B., Blois, S.L., Goy‐Thollot, I., Harris, L., Humm, K., Musulin, S., Sharp, C.R., Spada, E., Thomason, J., Walton, J., Wardrop, K.J., Odunayo, A., Nash, K.J., Davidow, E.B., Blois, S.L., Goy‐Thollot, I., Harris, L., Humm, K., Musulin, S., Sharp, C.R., Spada, E., Thomason, J., Walton, J., and Wardrop, K.J.

Abstract

Objective To systematically review available evidence to develop guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of transfusion‐associated reactions in dogs and cats. Design Standardized and systemic evaluation of the literature (identified through Medline via PubMed and Google Scholar searches) was carried out for identified transfusion reaction types in dogs and cats. The available evidence was evaluated using PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) questions generated for each reaction type. The evidence was categorized by level of evidence (LOE) and quality (Good, Fair, or Poor). Guidelines, diagnostic, and treatment algorithms were generated based on the evaluation of the evidence. Consensus on the final guidelines was achieved through Delphi‐style surveys. Draft recommendations were disseminated through veterinary specialty listservs for review and comments, which were evaluated and integrated prior to final publication. Results Medline via PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched. There were 14 Population Intervention Comparison Outcome questions identified and corresponding worksheets were developed focusing on the diagnosis and treatment of transfusion‐associated reactions in dogs and cats. Fourteen guidelines and four algorithms were developed with a high degree of consensus. Conclusions This systematic evidence evaluation process yielded recommended diagnostic and treatment algorithms for use in practice. However, significant knowledge gaps were identified, demonstrating the need for additional research in veterinary transfusion medicine.

Published
2021

46. Association of Veterinary Hematology and Transfusion Medicine (AVHTM) Transfusion Reaction Small Animal Consensus Statement (TRACS) Part 2: Prevention and monitoring

Author

Davidow, E.B., Blois, S.L., Goy‐Thollot, I., Harris, L., Humm, K., Musulin, S., Nash, K.J., Odunayo, A., Sharp, C.R., Spada, E., Thomason, J., Walton, J., Wardrop, K.J., Davidow, E.B., Blois, S.L., Goy‐Thollot, I., Harris, L., Humm, K., Musulin, S., Nash, K.J., Odunayo, A., Sharp, C.R., Spada, E., Thomason, J., Walton, J., and Wardrop, K.J.

Abstract

Objective To systematically review available evidence to develop guidelines for the prevention of transfusion reactions and monitoring of transfusion administration in dogs and cats. Design Evidence evaluation of the literature (identified through Medline searches through Pubmed and Google Scholar searches) was carried out for identified transfusion reaction types in dogs and cats. Evidence was evaluated using PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) questions generated for each reaction type. Evidence was categorized by level of evidence (LOE) and quality (Good, Fair, or Poor). Guidelines for prevention and monitoring were generated based on the synthesis of the evidence. Consensus on the final recommendations and a proposed transfusion administration monitoring form was achieved through Delphi‐style surveys. Draft recommendations and the monitoring form were made available through veterinary specialty listservs and comments were incorporated. Results Twenty‐nine guidelines and a transfusion administration monitoring form were formulated from the evidence review with a high degree of consensus Conclusions This systematic evidence evaluation process yielded recommended prevention and monitoring guidelines and a proposed transfusion administration form. However, significant knowledge gaps were identified, demonstrating the need for additional research in veterinary transfusion medicine.

Published
2021

47. Characterization of X-Ray Events for a Vacuum High Voltage Holding Experiment

Author

Spagnolo, S, Pilan, N, de Lorenzi, A, Fontana, C, Mccormack, O, Muraro, A, Croci, G, Gobbo, G, Gorini, G, Grosso, G, Fincato, M, Lotto, L, Martines, E, Pino, F, Rigamonti, D, Rossetto, F, Spada, E, Tardocchi, M, Zuin, M, Fontana, CL, McCormack, O, Spagnolo, S, Pilan, N, de Lorenzi, A, Fontana, C, Mccormack, O, Muraro, A, Croci, G, Gobbo, G, Gorini, G, Grosso, G, Fincato, M, Lotto, L, Martines, E, Pino, F, Rigamonti, D, Rossetto, F, Spada, E, Tardocchi, M, Zuin, M, Fontana, CL, and McCormack, O

Abstract

The High Voltage Padova Test Facility (HVPTF) is an experimental device for investigating HV insulation in vacuum, in support of the realization of MITICA, the prototype of a neutral beam injector for ITER. The facility investigates the physical phenomena underlying voltage holding in vacuum, such as the mechanisms causing breakdowns and the electrode conditioning process, along with testing technical solutions to increase the breakdown threshold. Inside a high vacuum chamber, two stainless steel electrodes, separated by a few centimetres gap, can achieve HV values for a maximum of 800 kV potential difference. The conditioning process consists of the gradual increase of the breakdown voltage in time, until the system achieves a saturation value. Between two consecutive breakdown events, current micro-discharges involving the electrodes are observed; high energy X-rays (up to hundreds of keV) and a global increase of gas emission (in particular H2 and CO2 are detected by the Residual Gas Analyser) are measured in correspondence to the current events. Two new X-rays detectors have been recently installed: a small LYSO and a LaBr3(Ce) scintillating crystals, coupled to photomultipliers. They all are small sized scintillators, with very fast pulses (40-100 ns) in order to minimize pileup effects during the high intensity discharges. However, the high Z and densities guarantee a full energy absorption of the X-rays (they can measure up to 500 keV), with a significant probability, in spite of the small sizes. In this contribution we present a characterization of the micro-discharge dynamics occurring during the conditioning phase, focusing on the new details uncovered via the new diagnostics.

Published
2021

48. A GEM-based high-rate x-rays diagnostic for flux measurement during high voltage conditioning in vacuum insulated systems

Author

Mccormack, O, Muraro, A, Croci, G, Grosso, G, Pilan, N, Lotto, L, Spagnolo, S, de Lorenzi, A, Gobbo, R, Fontana, C, Gorini, G, Fincato, M, Martines, E, Pino, F, Rigamonti, D, Perelli Cippo, E, Rossetto, F, Spada, E, Zuin, M, Cavenago, M, Tardocchi, M, McCormack, O, Fontana, CL, Mccormack, O, Muraro, A, Croci, G, Grosso, G, Pilan, N, Lotto, L, Spagnolo, S, de Lorenzi, A, Gobbo, R, Fontana, C, Gorini, G, Fincato, M, Martines, E, Pino, F, Rigamonti, D, Perelli Cippo, E, Rossetto, F, Spada, E, Zuin, M, Cavenago, M, Tardocchi, M, McCormack, O, and Fontana, CL

Abstract

The High Voltage Padova Test Facilities (HVPTF) is a R&D project focused on understanding the physical processes behind breakdown and micro-discharges in high-voltage insulation, as well as developing new diagnostics, models, and operational modes to address these challenges and aid in the stable operation of MITICA. The X-rays produced during breakdown have a spectrum that extends from low energy (keV) up to several hundreds of keV and a flux that can reach 106 photons/cm2s. This paper shows the development and preliminary results of a newly designed X-Ray diagnostic based on Gas Electron Multiplier (SXR-GEM). This detector is able to stand very high rate (> MHz) in single photon counting mode and can cover the energy range from 3-50 keV. The XR-GEM detector is equipped with anodic pads (256 pads 6x6 mm2) readout with a new data acquisition system called GEMINI, which gives the possibility to obtain a counting rate of several MHz and sub-ms time resolution together with mm spatial resolution. Preliminary measurement shows that this kind of diagnostic is able to reconstruct the time evolution of the discharge at very high rates and to provide X-rays imaging.

Published
2021

50. Current Signals and X- Ray Spectra Analysis for a Vacuum High Voltage Holding Experiment

Author

Spagnolo, S, Pilan, N, De Lorenzi, A, Lotto, L, Martines, E, Rossetto, F, Spada, E, Zuin, M, Fontana, C, Pino, F, Gobbo, R, Spagnolo S., Pilan N., De Lorenzi A., Lotto L., Martines E., Rossetto F., Spada E., Zuin M., Fontana C., Pino F., Gobbo R., Spagnolo, S, Pilan, N, De Lorenzi, A, Lotto, L, Martines, E, Rossetto, F, Spada, E, Zuin, M, Fontana, C, Pino, F, Gobbo, R, Spagnolo S., Pilan N., De Lorenzi A., Lotto L., Martines E., Rossetto F., Spada E., Zuin M., Fontana C., Pino F., and Gobbo R.

Abstract

The High Voltage Padova Test Facility is an experimental device realized to investigate the high voltage insulation in vacuum in support of the negative neutral beam injector prototype for ITER, MITICA. Moreover, the experiment aims to give a contribution on the understanding of the voltage holding in vacuum, as a physical phenomenon. Two stainless steel electrodes, with few cm of gap in a high vacuum chamber, achieve a saturation breakdown value (up to 400 kV) after about ten hours. A highly time resolved X-ray diagnostic has been recently installed in the device, measuring the X events (single events are detected) produced during the high voltage conditioning: high energy fluxes are observed in correspondence to the current peaks collected by the electrodes. This contribution presents a characterization of the current and X-ray emission events in terms of frequency, amplitude and their occurrence with respect to the voltage between the electrodes.

Published
2018

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