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1. LE SERVICE OPÉRATIONNEL CMEMS IBI-MFC AUJOURD'HUI : EXAMEN DES PRINCIPALES RÉALISATIONS AU COURS DE LA PHASE DE SERVICE DE COPERNICUS-1 (2015-2021)

Author

Sotillo, Marcos García, Cailleau, S., Aznar, R, Aouf, L., Barrera, E., Dabrowski, T., Rey, P., Llorente, P, Levier, B., Amo-Baladron, A., Reffray, G., Toledano, C., Gutknecht, E., Pascual, A., Dalphinet, A., Guihou, K., McGovern, J., Rodriguez, A., Renaud, R., Bowyer, P., Ghantous, M., Garcia, L., Benkiram, M., Alvarez Fanjul, E., Mercator Océan, Société Civile CNRS Ifremer IRD Météo-France SHOM, Organismo publico puertos del estado, Nologin, Météo France, Spanish State Meteorological Agency (AEMET), Marine Institute [Ireland], CESGA, Shom, Ifremer, EuroGOOS AISBL, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Météo-France Direction Interrégionale Sud-Est (DIRSE), and Météo-France

Subjects
ocean forecasting, IBI, ocean models, biogeochemistry, operational oceanography, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, reanalysis, waves, CMEMS
Abstract

International audience; The CMEMS IBI-MFC (Iberia-Biscay-Ireland Monitoring & Forecasting Centre) delivers daily ocean model forecasts, analysis and reanalysis of different physical and biogeochemical parameters for the Atlantic façade, supporting all kind of marine applications. Along Copernicus-1, this IBI operational service has continuously evolved, upgrading both its forecast capabilities (in 2015, only a circulation forecast in place; today, 3 operational services, including waves and biogeochemical forecasts) and its multi-Year production (covering altimetric era with ocean and wave reanalysis products, together with a non-assimilative biogeochemical hindcast). The main IBIMFC operational achievements and product upgrades are here reviewed. An overview of main IBI service milestones, in terms of both operational production (with inclusion of new variables, increase of product resolution and temporal frequency, extension of forecast horizons and reanalysis coverages) and product quality enhancement is provided. The IBI model applications are routinely validated through meaningful skill scores and a wide range of statistical metrics computed to quantitatively assess the quality and reliability of these model solutions. The CMEMS IBI-MFC delivers today a reliable operational service, meeting user needs for a widespread end-user community (with strong IBI-ROOS connections and marked by a high number of ‘regular’ operational users linked to downstream services). The IBI-MFC service is expected to be upgraded, already in a Copernicus-2 context, and major guidelines of the roadmap are here outlined.

Published
2021

2. Absorption cross-sections of ozone in the ultraviolet and visible spectral regions: Status report 2015

Author

Viktor Gorshelev, Stanley P. Sander, Dimitris Balis, Michael C. Pitts, Georg Wagner, Michel Van Roozendael, Anna Serdyuchenko, Thierry Leblanc, Michael Petersen, Christophe Lerot, Philippe Moussay, Jean-Marie Flaud, Mark Weber, Bénédicte Picquet-Varrault, Alberto Redondas, Christof Janssen, Doug Degenstein, Alkiviadis F. Bais, Marie-Renée De Backer, Pepijn Veefkind, Aline Gratien, Edward Hare, Robert Wielgosz, Erkki Kyrölä, Alain Barbe, Pawan K. Bhartia, Gordon Labow, Tom McElroy, Claus Zehner, David Flittner, Geir O. Braathen, Xiong Liu, Matthias Schneider, Irina Petropavlovskikh, R. Evans, Sophie Godin-Beekmann, Johannes Staehelin, Joële Viallon, Maud Rotger-Languereau, Kelly Chance, Johannes Orphal, Maud Pastel, Camille Viatte, Anthony Cox, Johanna Tamminen, Richard D. McPeters, Manfred Birk, Thomas von Clarmann, James W. Burkholder, Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), World Meteorological Organization (WMO), Groupe de spectrométrie moléculaire et atmosphérique (GSMA), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics [Thessaloniki], Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA), Harvard University [Cambridge]-Smithsonian Institution, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies [Saskatoon] (ISAS), Department of Physics and Engineering Physics [Saskatoon], University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S)-University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NASA Langley Research Center [Hampton] (LaRC), STRATO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Bremen, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique (LERMA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-NASA, Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMet), Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Institute of Environmental Physics [Bremen] (IUP), European Space Research Institute (ESRIN), European Space Agency (ESA), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environment Canada (Toronto), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Spanish State Meteorological Agency (AEMET), Jacquinet, Nicole, Flaud, Jean-Marie, Gamache, Robert R., Predoi-Cross, Adriana, Vander Auwera, Jean, Harvard University-Smithsonian Institution, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA)

Subjects
Ozone, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010501 environmental sciences, Atmospheric sciences, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, Absorption, Atmosphere, chemistry.chemical_compound, Reference data, medicine, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Experimentelle Verfahren, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Spectroscopy, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Remote sensing, Status report, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Lidar, Cross sections, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Atmospheric chemistry, Environmental science, Ultraviolet, Atmospheric ozone
Abstract

The activity “Absorption Cross-Sections of Ozone” (ACSO) started in 2008 as a joint initiative of the International Ozone Commission (IO3C), the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the IGACO (“Integrated Global Atmospheric Chemistry Observations”) O3/UV subgroup to study, evaluate, and recommend the most suitable ozone absorption cross-section laboratory data to be used in atmospheric ozone measurements. The evaluation was basically restricted to ozone absorption cross-sections in the UV range with particular focus on the Huggins band. Up until now, the data of Bass and Paur published in 1985 (BP, 1985) are still officially recommended for such measurements. During the last decade it became obvious that BP (1985) cross-section data have deficits for use in advanced space-borne ozone measurements. At the same time, it was recognized that the origin of systematic differences in ground-based measurements of ozone required further investigation, in particular whether the BP (1985) cross-section data might contribute to these differences. In ACSO, different sets of laboratory ozone absorption cross-section data (including their dependence on temperature) of the group of Reims (France) (Brion et al., 1993, 1998, 1992, 1995, abbreviated as BDM, 1995) and those of Serdyuchenko et al. (2014), and Gorshelev et al. (2014), (abbreviated as SER, 2014) were examined for use in atmospheric ozone measurements in the Huggins band. In conclusion, ACSO recommends: (a) The spectroscopic data of BP (1985) should no longer be used for retrieval of atmospheric ozone measurements. (b) For retrieval of ground-based instruments of total ozone and ozone profile measurements by the Umkehr method performed by Brewer and Dobson instruments data of SER (2014) are recommended to be used. When SER (2014) is used, the difference between total ozone measurements of Brewer and Dobson instruments are very small and the difference between Dobson measurements at AD and CD wavelength pairs are diminished. (c) For ground-based Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) measurements the use of BDM (1995) or SER (2014) is recommended. (d) For satellite retrieval the presently widely used data of BDM (1995) should be used because SER (2014) seems less suitable for retrievals that use wavelengths close to 300 nm due to a deficiency in the signal-to-noise ratio in the SER (2014) dataset. The work of ACSO also showed: • The need to continue laboratory cross-section measurements of ozone of highest quality. The importance of careful characterization of the uncertainties of the laboratory measurements. • The need to extend the scope of such studies to other wavelength ranges (particularly to cover not only the Huggins band but also the comparison with the mid-infrared region). • The need for regular cooperation of experts in spectral laboratory measurements and specialists in atmospheric (ozone) measurements.

Published
2016
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3. SMOS land validation activities at the Valencia Anchor Station

Author

Ernesto Lopez-Baeza, Carmen Antolin, Fernando Belda, Carbo, E., Amparo Coll Pajaron, Teodoro Estrela, Roberto Fernández Moran, Arancha Fidalgo, Onofre Gabaldo, Silvia Juglea, Yann Kerr, Heather Lawrence, Maciej Miernecki, Cristina Millan, Christophe Moisy, Nathalie Novello, Paula Maria Salgado Hernanz, Mike Schwank, Jorge Tamayo, Jean-Pierre Wigneron, Mehrez Zribi, Department of Earth Physics and Thermodynamics [Valencia], Universitat de València (UV), Center for Desertification Research (CIDE)., Spanish State Meteorological Agency (AEMET), Jucar River Basin Authority, Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE - UR1263), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Center for Desertification Research (CIDE), Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Avalanche Research WSL, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE), Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
Contenido en agua de la vegetación, vegetation water content, Valencia Anchor Station, Humedad del suelo, L-band radiometry experiments, Signal and Image processing, Traitement du signal et de l'image, ELBARA-II, Experimentos de radiometría en banda L, soil moisture, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, SMOS
Abstract

Ponencia presentada en: XV Congreso de la Asociación Española de Teledetección celebrado en Torrejón de Ardoz (Madrid), del 22 al 24 de octubre de 2013. [ES]Este trabajo presenta un resumen de la extensa e intensa actividad desarrollada en la zona de la Valencia Anchor Station (VAS) para contribuir a la validación de productos de tierra de la misión SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity). Se dedica especial atención a los diversos experimentos de radiometría de microondas desarrollados en dicha zona a diferentes escalas espaciales, desde medidas puntuales a la escala regional (hasta 50 km), obtenidas en superficie, con sensores aerotransportados y de los productos SMOS. [EN]This paper presents an overview of the extensive and intensive activity carried out at the Valencia Anchor Station (VAS) site to contribute to SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) land products validation. Special attention is dedicated to the various radiometry experiments hosted at the VAS that were performed at different spatial scales, from the plot scale to the regional scale (up to 50 km), using ground-based measurements airborne-based observations and SMOS products.

Published
2013

4. Agroclimatic conditions in Europe under climate change

Author

Trnka, M., Eivind Olesen, Jorgen, Kersebaum, K. C., Skjelvåg, A.O., Eitzinger, J., Seguin, B., Peltonen-Sainio, P., Rötter, R., Iglesias Picazo, Ana, Orlandini, S., Dubrovský, M., Hlavinka, P., Balek, J., Eckersten, H., Cloppet, E., Calanca, P., Gobin, Anne, Vučetić, C., Nejedlik, P., Kumar, S., Lalic, B., Mestre, A., Rossi, F., Kozyra, J., Alexandrov, Vassil N., Semerádová, D., Zalud, Z., Mendel University in Brno (MENDELU), Global Change Research Centre (CzechGlobe), Aarhus University [Aarhus], Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Universität für Bodenkultur Wien [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes (URFM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Agrifood Research Finland, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Institut Vaxtproduktionsekol, Partenaires INRAE, Météo France, Agroscope, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Agrometeorol Dept, Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute (SHMU), Dept Geog, University College of London [London] (UCL), University of Novi Sad, Spanish State Meteorological Agency (AEMET), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), State Research Institute, Natl Inst Meteorol & Hydrol, CLIVAGRI [COST 734], KONTAKT [OC187], CzechGlobe - Centre for Global Climate Change Impacts Studies [CZ. 1.05/1.1.00/02.007], [DFFE 3304-FVFP-60651], and [MSM6215648905]

Subjects
environmental zones, LAND-USE, PRODUCTIVITY, Agricultura, climate-change impacts, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], MODEL PROJECTIONS, crop production, WINE QUALITY, SOIL-MOISTURE, CHANGE IMPACTS, UNCERTAINTIES, agroclimatic extremes, CHANGE SCENARIOS, agroclimatic index, PRECIPITATION, agroclimatic indeks
Abstract

International audience; To date, projections of European crop yields under climate change have been based almost entirely on the outputs of crop-growth models. While this strategy can provide good estimates of the effects of climatic factors, soil conditions and management on crop yield, these models usually do not capture all of the important aspects related to crop management, or the relevant environmental factors. Moreover, crop-simulation studies often have severe limitations with respect to the number of crops covered or the spatial extent. The present study, based on agroclimatic indices, provides a general picture of agroclimatic conditions in western and central Europe (study area lays between 8.5 degrees W-27 degrees E and 37-63.5 degrees N), which allows for a more general assessment of climate-change impacts. The results obtained from the analysis of data from 86 different sites were clustered according to an environmental stratification of Europe. The analysis was carried for the baseline (1971-2000) and future climate conditions (time horizons of 2030, 2050 and with a global temperature increase of 5 degrees C) based on outputs of three global circulation models. For many environmental zones, there were clear signs of deteriorating agroclimatic condition in terms of increased drought stress and shortening of the active growing season, which in some regions become increasingly squeezed between a cold winter and a hot summer. For most zones the projections show a marked need for adaptive measures to either increase soil water availability or drought resistance of crops. This study concludes that rainfed agriculture is likely to face more climate-related risks, although the analyzed agroclimatic indicators will probably remain at a level that should permit rainfed production. However, results suggests that there is a risk of increasing number of extremely unfavorable years in many climate zones, which might result in higher interannual yield variability and constitute a challenge for proper crop management.

Published
2011
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5. Validation activities preparation for SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) land products at the Valencia Anchor Station

Author

Lopez-Baeza, E., Acosta, R., Antolin, M. C., Balling, Jan E., Belda, F., Bouzinac, C., Cano, A., Delwart, S., Domenech, C., Ferreira, A., Juglea, S., Jerr, Y., Millan-Schelding, C., Narbon, C., Rodriguez, D., Saleh, K., Sanchis, J., Niels Skou, Sten Schmidl Søbjærg, Tauriainen, S., Velazques, A., Vidal, S., Vigneron, J. P., Wursteisen, P., Universitat de València (UV), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Spanish State Meteorological Agency (AEMET), European Space Agency (ESA), Fundaçao Cearense de Meteorologia e Recursos Hidricos, Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), TKK Helsinki University of Technology (TKK), Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
analyse de données, microonde passive, télédétection, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], site atelier, MISSION SMOS, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, radiométrie, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2008

6. The Climate Response to Emissions Reductions Due to COVID-19: Initial Results From CovidMIP.

Author

Jones CD, Hickman JE, Rumbold ST, Walton J, Lamboll RD, Skeie RB, Fiedler S, Forster PM, Rogelj J, Abe M, Botzet M, Calvin K, Cassou C, Cole JNS, Davini P, Deushi M, Dix M, Fyfe JC, Gillett NP, Ilyina T, Kawamiya M, Kelley M, Kharin S, Koshiro T, Li H, Mackallah C, Müller WA, Nabat P, van Noije T, Nolan P, Ohgaito R, Olivié D, Oshima N, Parodi J, Reerink TJ, Ren L, Romanou A, Séférian R, Tang Y, Timmreck C, Tjiputra J, Tourigny E, Tsigaridis K, Wang H, Wu M, Wyser K, Yang S, Yang Y, and Ziehn T

Abstract

Many nations responded to the corona virus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic by restricting travel and other activities during 2020, resulting in temporarily reduced emissions of CO 2 , other greenhouse gases and ozone and aerosol precursors. We present the initial results from a coordinated Intercomparison, CovidMIP, of Earth system model simulations which assess the impact on climate of these emissions reductions. 12 models performed multiple initial-condition ensembles to produce over 300 simulations spanning both initial condition and model structural uncertainty. We find model consensus on reduced aerosol amounts (particularly over southern and eastern Asia) and associated increases in surface shortwave radiation levels. However, any impact on near-surface temperature or rainfall during 2020-2024 is extremely small and is not detectable in this initial analysis. Regional analyses on a finer scale, and closer attention to extremes (especially linked to changes in atmospheric composition and air quality) are required to test the impact of COVID-19-related emission reductions on near-term climate., (© 2021. Crown Copyright. © 2021. Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. This article is published with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and the Queen's Printer for Scotland. Reproduced with the permission of the Minister of Environment and Climate Change Canada. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.)

Published
2021
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