1. Carapace Morphology Variations in Captive Tortoises: Insights from Three-Dimensional Analysis.
- Author
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Eravci Yalin, Ebru, Gündemir, Ozan, Günay, Ebuderda, Vatansever Çelik, Ezgi Can, Duro, Sokol, Szara, Tomasz, Blagojevic, Milos, Sönmez, Bektaş, and Spataru, Mihaela-Claudia
- Subjects
VETERINARY medicine ,PRINCIPAL components analysis ,GEOMETRIC analysis ,TESTUDINIDAE ,MORPHOMETRICS - Abstract
Simple Summary: This study explored the morphological differences in the carapaces of three tortoise species—Leopard tortoises (Stigmochelys pardalis), African spurred tortoises (Centrochelys sulcata), and Greek tortoises (Testudo graeca)—raised in captivity in Türkiye. Using 3D scanning and geometric morphometric analysis, we identified the vital shape variations and dimensional features across species. Principal component analysis revealed that PC1 and PC3 were significant in distinguishing species, with Leopard tortoises showing higher carapace shapes and African spurred tortoises having shorter carapaces. An allometric effect indicated that smaller tortoises had higher shells. These findings provide valuable insights for taxonomy and clinical practice, emphasizing the need to consider shape variations in tortoise care and species identification. The carapace morphology of tortoises is a crucial characteristic used for species identification, with features such as shell shape, roughness, and color patterns varying among species. Understanding this morphological diversity is valuable not only for taxonomic classification but also for more specialized clinical approaches. This study investigated the morphological differences in the shells of Leopard tortoises (Stigmochelys pardalis), African spurred tortoises (Centrochelys sulcata), and Greek tortoises (spur-thighed tortoises; Testudo graeca) raised in captivity. Using 3D scanners, the carapaces were modeled, and a 3D geometric morphometric method was employed to analyze shape variations and dimensional features, with landmarks applied automatically. Among the species studied, African spurred tortoises had the largest carapace size. Principal component analysis (PCA) identified PC1 and PC3 as critical factors in distinguishing between species based on morphological characteristics. Positive PC1 values, associated with a shorter carapace height, indicated a flatter or more compact shell shape. A higher PC3 value corresponded to a raised shape at the back of the shell, while a lower PC3 value indicated a raised shape at the front. Specifically, Leopard tortoises exhibited a higher carapace shape than the other species, while African spurred tortoises had shorter carapaces. An allometric effect was observed in the carapaces, where smaller specimens tended to be proportionately higher-domed, whereas larger shells displayed a lower height in shape. These findings highlight the significance of shape variations in tortoise shells, which emerge during adaptation and have important implications for taxonomy and clinical practice. Such differences should be carefully considered in veterinary care and species identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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