Search

The annealing properties of open spaces in 90-nm-thick SiO2 deposited from tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) were studied with monoenergetic positron beams. From the lifetime of positronium (Ps) and an empirical model assuming a spherical open space, the mean diameter of open spaces was estimated to be 0.45 nm for PECVD-SiO2 before annealing. In the annealing temperature range below 350 °C, the size of the open spaces and their concentration increased as the temperature increased. Because initial water desorption from PECVD-SiO2 occurred in this temperature range, the observed increases in the size and concentration of spaces were attributed to the detrapping of water from such regions. Above 400 °C annealing, Ps formation was suppressed due to carrier traps introduced by the desorption of gas incorporated during TEOS decomposition. The size of the open spaces reached its maximum value (0.61 nm) after 800 °C annealing and started to decrease above 900 °C. After 1000 °C annealing, although the size of the spaces was close to that in thermally grown SiO2, their concentration remained low, which was attributed to residual impurities in the SiO2 network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human evolutionary ecology stands to benefit by integrating theory and methods developed in movement ecology, and in turn, to make contributions to the broader field of movement ecology by leveraging our species' distinct attributes. In this paper, we review data and evolutionary models suggesting that major changes in socio-spatial behaviour accompanied the evolution of language. To illustrate and explore these issues, we present a comparison of GPS measures of the socio-spatial behaviour of Hadza hunter-gatherers of northern Tanzania to those of olive baboons (Papio anubis), a comparatively small-brained primate that is also savanna-adapted. While standard spatial metrics show modest differences, measures of spatial diversity, landscape exploration and spatiotemporal displacement between individuals differ markedly. Groups of Hadza foragers rapidly accumulate a vast, diverse knowledge pool about places and things over the horizon, contrasting with the baboon's narrower and more homogeneous pool of ecological information. The larger and more complex socio-spatial world illustrated by the Hadza is one where heightened cognitive abilities for spatial and episodic memory, navigation, perspective taking and communication about things beyond the here and now all have clear value.This article is part of the theme issue 'The spatial-social interface: a theoretical and empirical integration'.

Both navigation abilities and gait can be affected by the atrophy in the medial temporal cortex. This study aimed to determine whether navigation abilities could differentiate seniors with and without medial temporal lobe atrophy who complained about their cognitive status. The participants, classified to either the medial temporal atrophy group (n = 23) or the control group (n = 22) underwent neuropsychological assessment and performed a spatial navigation task while their gait parameters were recorded. The study showed no significant differences between the two groups in memory, fluency, and semantic knowledge or typical measures of navigating abilities. However, gait parameters, particularly the propulsion index during certain phases of the navigation task, distinguished between seniors with and without medial temporal lobe lesions. These findings suggest that the gait parameters in the navigation task may be a valuable tool for identifying seniors with cognitive complaints and subtle medial temporal atrophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studying behavioral response to management and housing conditions provides specific evidence to enhance animal welfare. Feeding environmental enrichment (FEE) is a powerful strategy to meet welfare challenges. Lesser anteaters’ (Tamandua tetradactyla; n = 7) response to FEE was assessed by analyzing behavior and space use through focal sampling every 5 minutes/24 hours using cameras. Study 1 (S1): space use of enclosure zones (shelter = SZ, climbing structures = CSZ and ground = GZ) was characterized without FEE during 5 days using the modified Spread of Participation index (SPI). Study 2 (S2) used an ABA experimental design during 18 days (A=pre- and post-enrichment and B = enrichment). The FEE was applied in CSZ, the least utilized zone revealed in S1. S1: The lesser anteaters utilized the zones differently (modified SPI = 0.74 ± 0.02), and stayed mostly in the GZ. S2: An increment in feeding during FEE was detected, but it did not modify total activity, most natural behavior, repetitive locomotion or space use. The electivity index indicated that the routine diet was over-utilized and enrichment items were under-utilized. The provision of enrichment items created new foraging opportunities, improving the behavioral domain of animal welfare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analyzing the tourism mobility characteristics and preferences of different tourist groups helps develop corresponding tourism strategies and targeted tourism planning. This study applied Social Network Analysis and GIS mapping to comprehensively deconstruct the structural characteristics of inbound tourist flow networks of different tourist groups in Japan. The results show that there are significant differences in the structural characteristics and nodal role functions of tourist flow networks from different regions, with Tokyo, Kyoto, Osaka, and Aichi being stable core nodes. The distance decay patterns of tourist flows from each region vary, with a significant influence from length of stay. There are four distribution patterns for tourist flow networks under the influence of spatial–temporal distance: short-stay with double-core pattern, short and medium stay with multi-core pattern, medium-stay with triangle core pattern, and long-stay with a regional pattern. Lastly, the mobility preferences of different inbound tourist groups are summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractUnderstanding and simulating individual human mobility within intra-urban areas are essential for urban planning, transportation, public health, and other related fields. Currently, Random Walk-based and Exploration and Preferential Return (EPR)-based models are the primary mechanistic approaches used to model individual human mobility. However, these models often rely on assumptions and parameters derived from studies conducted at larger spatial scales, such as the national level. This results in inaccuracies when applied to urban contexts because individual mobility at the intra-urban scale exhibits unique spatiotemporal characteristics. Through a systematic analysis of three consecutive trajectory datasets and three check-in trajectory datasets collected from six cities worldwide, we identified two key insights into intra-urban mobility: (1) individuals’ waiting time distributions follow a log-normal function with universal parameters, rather than the gamma, power-law, or exponential functions commonly used in current studies, and (2) individuals’ spatial choice behavior is better captured by the Universal Opportunity (UO) model with universal parameters, rather than the frequently used gravity models. Based on these findings, we proposed Urban-EPR, a universal model specifically designed to simulate intra-urban individual mobility. Additionally, we compared seven mainstream mechanistic models, demonstrating the superior performance of Urban-EPR and providing a benchmark for intra-urban mobility research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the asymptotic dynamics of solutions to a diffusive epidemic model with varying population dynamics. The large-time behavior of solutions is completely described in spatially homogeneous environments. When the environment is spatially heterogeneous, it is shown that there exist two critical numbers 1 ≤ σ ⁎ ≤ σ ⁎ < ∞ such that if the ratio d I d S of the infected population diffusion rate and the susceptible population rate either exceeds σ ⁎ or is less than σ ⁎ , then the epidemic model has an endemic equilibrium (EE) solution if and only if the basic reproduction number (BRN) exceeds one. The unique EE is non-degenerate if d I d S ≥ σ ⁎. Furthermore, results on the global dynamics of solutions are established when σ ⁎ = 1. Our results shed some light on the differences on disease predictions for constant total population size models versus varying population size models. Results on the asymptotic profiles of the EEs for small population diffusion rates are also established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During spatial learning, subjects progressively adjust their navigation strategies as they acquire experience. The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) supports this operation, for which it may integrate information from distributed networks, such as the hippocampus (HPC) and the posterior parietal cortex (PPC). However, the mechanism underlying the prefrontal coordination with HPC and PPC during spatial learning is poorly understood. Here we show that during navigation trials, mice displayed two sequential behavioral stages: searching and exploration. Exclusively during searching, mice gradually increased their efficiency by transitioning from non-spatial to spatial strategies. When mice used spatial strategies specifically in searching stage, hippocampal and parietal oscillations synchronized gamma oscillations (60-100 Hz) and neuronal firing in the mPFC. This coincided with an increase in the incidence of gamma and task-stage-related changes in firing patterns in the mPFC. These findings relate the goal-directed organization of behavior during spatial learning to transient task-related prefrontal large-scale synchronization. In vivo neural activity recordings in mice reveal that large-scale coupling of the prefrontal cortex with the hippocampus and parietal cortex is modulated by task requirements and navigation strategy during spatial learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Service Industries Journal is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The radiological impact of radionuclide transport via groundwater pathways at the Wolsong Low- and Intermediate-Level Waste (LILW) Disposal Center was estimated by considering site-specific characteristics, including hydrogeology, geochemistry, and land use. Human intrusion scenarios, such as groundwater well development, were analyzed to evaluate potential pumping volumes and radionuclide migration pathways. Particular attention was given to the hydrological and geochemical aspects of radionuclide transport, with a focus on local aquifer heterogeneity, flow dynamics, and interactions with engineered barriers and surrounding rock formations that delay radionuclide migration through sorption and other retention mechanisms. Sorption coefficients (Kd), calibrated using site-specific geochemical data, were incorporated to ensure realistic modeling of radionuclide behavior. A hierarchical approach integrating scenario screening, particle tracking techniques, and mass transfer modeling was employed. Numerical simulations using FEFLOW ver. 7.3 and GoldSim ver. 14.0 software provided insights into near-field and far-field transport phenomena under well pumping conditions. The results revealed distinct spatial flux behaviors, where carbon-14 (14C) dominated near-field flux due to its high inventory, while technetium-99 (99Tc) emerged as the primary dose contributor in the far-field flux, owing to its anionic nature and limited sorption capacity. Additionally, under high-pH conditions near concrete barriers, cellulose degradation into isosaccharinic acid was identified, enhancing radionuclide mobility through complex formation. These findings underscore the importance of site-specific sorption and speciation parameters in safety assessment and highlight the need for accurate geochemical modeling to optimize waste placement and ensure long-term disposal safety. The outcomes provide valuable insights for optimizing waste placement and contribute to the development of evidence-based safety strategies for long-term performance assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the role of digital culture in reducing digital violence on social media. Employing a descriptive-analytical approach within communication sociology, the study examines how digital culture can mitigate online violence. Findings indicate that social media is a fertile ground for various forms of digital violence. Thus, it is crucial to regulate and rationalize social media use through digital literacy, particularly provided by societal institutions starting with the family. The society plays a vital role in imparting the necessary principles, values, and skills for digital culture, thereby curbing violent behaviors in virtual spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We introduce mutations in the process of discrete iterations of complex quadratic maps in the family f c (z) = z 2 + c. More specifically, we consider a "correct" function f c 1 acting on the complex plane. A "mutation" f c 0 is a different ("erroneous") map acting on a locus of given radius r around a mutation focal point ξ ∗. The effect of the mutation is interpolated radially to eventually recover the original map f c 1 when reaching an outer radius R. We call the resulting map a "mutated" map. In the theoretical framework of mutated iterations, we study how a mutation affects the temporal evolution of the system and the asymptotic behavior of its orbits. We use the prisoner set of the system to quantify simultaneously the long-term behavior of the entire space under mutated maps. We analyze how the position, timing, and size of the mutation can alter the system's long-term evolution (as encoded in the topology of its prisoner set). The framework is then discussed as a metaphoric model for studying the impact of copying errors in natural replication systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: This study aims to investigate the home ranges and activity patterns of the endangered long-tailed goral (Naemorhedus caudatus), an ungulate threatened by habitat loss, fragmentation, and human disturbances in South Korea. From 2014 to 2016, data from nine GPS-collared individuals (four males and five females) released across three regions (Yanggu, Seoraksan National Park, and Uljin) were analyzed. The study found that males had larger home ranges than females; the home range size also differed by season, with the smallest occurring in winter. Long-tailed gorals were mainly active during crepuscular and daylight hours, with no significant differences in activity between the sexes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first detailed analysis of the home ranges and activity patterns of long-tailed gorals in these regions, providing crucial information for guiding conservation strategies to protect this endangered species. The long-tailed goral (Naemorhedus caudatus) faces significant threats from habitat loss and fragmentation and is classified as a Class I endangered species by the Ministry of Environment in South Korea and vulnerable by the IUCN. Understanding the behavioral ecology of this species is crucial for effective conservation and protective measures. Using GPS collars, this study investigated the home range sizes and activity patterns of nine rehabilitated long-tailed gorals (four males and five females) across three regions (Yanggu, Seoraksan National Park, and Uljin) from 2014 to 2016. The 95% minimum convex polygon (MCP) home range averaged 0.64 ± 0.33 km2, while the 50% MCP home range averaged 0.15 ± 0.05 km2. The male home ranges were larger than the female home ranges. Additionally, the home ranges varied seasonally, with the smallest recorded in winter. The activity pattern of long-tailed gorals was predominantly crepuscular and diurnal, with no significant sexual differences. There were no significant differences in activity during spring, summer, and autumn; however, activity in winter differed significantly from that in the other seasons. The data provided on the home ranges and activity patterns of the species will serve as a basis for developing effective conservation and management strategies to protect this endangered species. By elucidating the spatial and temporal behaviors of long-tailed gorals, this study enhances our understanding of the ecological needs of the species and helps develop precise conservation measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

City influence is a critical topic in regional studies, reflecting how cities draw attention and exert impact in various domains. Understanding city influence is essential for fostering sustainable urban growth. However, existing studies have failed to fully explore the characteristics of city influence reflected by collective behaviors from a bottom-up perspective. This study investigates how individual search behaviors mirror the attention cities attract, providing insights into their perceived influence. An "attention flow" model is developed to differentiate between cities that draw significant interest and those that show a strong preference for these influential hubs. This research focuses on cities in China, analyzing the spatial patterns and factors that affect city influence using spatial statistical methods. The results show that 69% of the cities that exhibit a strong preference are geographically closer to the more influential cities, emphasizing the role of geographical proximity in shaping urban influence in the digital age. Additionally, the study reveals patterns of power dislocation, partnership, and siphoning between cities. A consistent relationship is identified between influential cities and their more connected cities, particularly where administrative hubs tend to attract nearby cities focused on science and education. This research deepens our understanding of how city influence is shaped by digital behaviors and spatial relationships, providing insights for policymakers to foster balanced regional development and enhance inter-city cooperation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photocaging is an emerging protocol for precisely manipulating spatial and temporal behaviors over biological activity. However, the red/near‐infrared light‐triggered photolysis process of current photocage is largely singlet oxygen (1O2)‐dependent and lack of compatibility with other reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐activated techniques, which has proven to be the major bottleneck in achieving efficient and precise treatment. Herein, we reported a lactosylated photocage BT‐LRC by covalently incorporating camptothecin (CPT) into hybrid BODIPY‐TPE fluorophore via the superoxide anion radical (O2−⋅)‐cleavable thioketal bond for type I photodynamic therapy (PDT) and anticancer drug release. Amphiphilic BT‐LRC could be self‐assembled into aggregation‐induced emission (AIE)‐active nanoparticles (BT‐LRCs) owing to the regulation of carbohydrate‐carbohydrate interactions (CCIs) among neighboring lactose units in the nanoaggregates. BT‐LRCs could simultaneously generate abundant O2−⋅ through the aggregation modulated by lactose interactions, and DNA‐damaging agent CPT was subsequently and effectively released. Notably, the type I PDT and CPT chemotherapy collaboratively amplified the therapeutic efficacy in HepG2 cells and tumor‐bearing mice. Furthermore, the inherent AIE property of BT‐LRCs endowed the photocaged prodrug with superior bioimaging capability, which provided a powerful tool for real‐time tracking and finely tuning the PDT and photoactivated drug release behavior in tumor therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whereas the crushing of solid soil particles has been studied for decades, there is very little research performed on the micromechanics of hollow particles crushing. In this paper a statistical model based on the principles of Weibull survival statistics is presented to analyze the particle size distribution and void ratio evolutions during one-dimensional (1D) crushing of hollow particles. It was found that 1D crushing of hollow particles tends to evolve toward gap grading. A theoretical Beta factor (β) is introduced and implemented to parametrically study impact of microscale exchange of intraparticle void space from within the hollow particles to the external void space on the macroscale behavior. These trends are compared with a calcareous sediment from the Browse Basin which is located on the North West Shelf (NWS) of Australia and contains hollow sand particles from biologic origins. Whereas the bulk void ratio tends to decrease in all cases when hollow particles are crushed, it appears that the extraparticle void ratio increases in most cases presented in this study. A more in depth understanding of the mechanisms of intraparticle voids exchange may lead to better analytical, finite element, and discrete element models of the unique shear and compression behaviors of hollow calcareous sediments through the work of this statistical model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this work is to obtain an alternative of the Phragmén-Lindelöf type for homogeneous elastic materials when the elastic tensor is not positive definite. Indeed, it is necessary to impose some conditions to this tensor in order to prove the estimates. We propose several examples of elastic tensors which are not positive definite but satisfying the above conditions. Finally, the extensions to the three-dimensional and thermoelastic cases are also considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Object exploration is considered a driver of motor, cognitive, and social development. However, little is known about how early childhood education and care settings facilitate object exploration. This study examined if children's exploration of objects during free play was facilitated by the use of particular spatial components (floor, tables, and activity centers) and types of play (solitary, social, and parallel). Participants were 61 children (aged 11 to 48 months and 50.8% boys, socioeconomic levels representative of the Dutch population). Intraindividual variability in children's object exploration was predicted by the use of particular spatial components and the social setting, with small‐to‐medium effect sizes. Solitary and parallel play were positively associated with complex object exploration, especially when sitting or standing at child‐height tables. During social play, object exploration was mostly absent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Embodied collaborative learning, intertwining verbal and physical behaviors, is an intricate learning process demanding a multifaceted approach for comprehensive understanding. Prior studies in this field have often neglected the temporal dynamics and the interplay between verbal and bodily behaviors in collaborative learning settings. This study bridges this gap by employing an integrative approach combining social constructivism, situated cognition, and embodied cognition theories through multimodal learning analytics (MMLA) to dissect the temporal dynamics of embodied collaborative learning in a simulated clinical setting. The study operationalized the linguistic, contextual, and bodily elements of each theoretical perspective, focusing on analyzing the verbal communication, spatial behavior, and physiological responses of 56 students across 14 sessions. These multimodal data were analyzed using correlation analysis and epistemic network analysis. The results illustrated the interconnected nature of students' verbal communication and spatial behaviors during collaborative learning and demonstrated that an MMLA approach could effectively capture the temporal dynamics of these behaviors across different learning phases. The study also identified significant differences in the behaviors of efficient and inefficient teams and between satisfied and dissatisfied students, primarily linked to spatial behaviors. These insights underline the utility of MMLA in providing a nuanced understanding of collaborative learning behavior from an integrated theoretical perspective, with implications for learning design and the development of reflection and in-the-moment analytics. This study sets the stage for further exploration of the multifaceted dynamics of collaborative learning, underscoring the value of a multimodal approach to learning analytics and educational research. Educational Impact and Implications Statement: This study enhances our understanding of embodied collaborative learning in clinical simulations by integrating social constructivism, situated cognition, and embodied cognition theories. Utilizing multimodal learning analytics (MMLA), it reveals how students' verbal, spatial, and physiological behaviors intricately interact during learning processes. The findings highlight the potential of MMLA in supporting feedback and reflection practices by identifying key behavioral differences in collaborative environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ability of atmospheric pressure plasma jets to treat complex non-planar surfaces is often cited as their advantage over other atmospheric plasmas. However, the effect of complex surfaces on plasma parameters and treatment efficiency has seldom been studied. Herein, we investigate the interaction of the atmospheric pressure plasma slit jet (PSJ) with block polypropylene samples of different thicknesses (5 and 30 mm) moving at two different speeds. Even though the distance between the slit outlet and the sample surface was kept constant, the treatment efficiency of PSJ ignited in the Ar and Ar/O 2 gas feeds varied with the sample thickness due to the plasma parameters such as filament count and speed being affected by the different distances of the ground (the closer the ground is, the higher the discharge electric field). On the other hand, the Ar/N 2 PSJ diffuse plasma plumes were less affected by the changes in the electric field, and the treatment efficiency was the same for both sample thicknesses. Additionally, we observed a difference in the efficiency and uniformity of the PSJ treatment of the edges and the central areas in some working conditions. The treatment efficiency near the edges depended on the duration of the filament contact, i. e., how long the local electric field trapped the filaments. Conversely, the treatment uniformity near the edges and in the central areas was different if the number of filaments changed rapidly as the discharge moved on and off the sample (the 5 mm samples treated by easily sustained Ar PSJ). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reproductive choices are imperative in shaping organismal fitness across diverse taxa. Such choices are particularly critical in organisms with biphasic lifecycles, as females must maximize offspring survival pre-oviposition, with no parental care extended afterward. Consequently, females face strong site selection pressures to effectively respond to offspring competition and predation risks. Ovipositing females encounter yet another challenge during site selection: assessing future competition for their offspring from potential conspecific rivals. Our current knowledge, based on average social versus solitary behaviours, fails to account for the inter-individual variation in oviposition within social settings. To address these challenges, we leveraged the unique oviposition biology of the mosquito Aedes aegypti where only blood-fed females can lay eggs. By tracking individual behaviour in a social setting, we ask: how does social information from perceived conspecific rivals influence an individual's oviposition site selection? In our lab-based experiment, we examined oviposition strategies at two spatial scales under varying larval competition and predation risk. Our findings reveal that social information exerts a stronger influence on egg-laying behavior at larger spatial scales, i.e., at the scale of pool networks, than between neighboring pools. Social cues facilitated oviposition with increasing larval predation, as social females transitioned from rejecting to accepting pool networks. Conversely, under larval competition, social cues led to inhibition, with females withholding their eggs likely in anticipation of future competition. At finer spatial scales, social information only weakly modified oviposition behavior despite potential negative fitness consequences for the offspring. Together, our study integrates two decades of findings on social information in reproductive choice, revealing that the effects of social facilitation, inhibition, or no effect on oviposition are dependent on risk and spatial scale. Significance statement: Does mom know best when it comes to selecting egg-laying sites? In insects like mosquitoes, females must make crucial decisions to maximize offspring survival, as no parental care can be extended after egg-laying. During egg-laying, individuals also face threats from neighboring females competing for the same egg-laying pools. Our study investigates how perceived risks from neighbouring females impact individual behavior within a group. Studying egg-laying in groups can be tricky, especially since it's hard to track individual behavior. To tackle this uniquely, we studied Aedes mosquitoes, where only blood-fed females can lay eggs, allowing us to track individual egg-laying among non-laying females. By tracking individuals in a 'social' setting, we found that social cues substantially modified egg-laying behavior across larval competition and predation risks. Social cues had a stronger effect at the larger spatial scale, where the types of risks in the network of pools played a key role, than at the finer scale of decisions between neighbouring pools. Surprisingly, social information promotes egg-laying under high predation risk network but suppresses it under competitive risk. At finer spatial scales, social information weakly modified oviposition behaviour, despite potential negative consequences for offspring fitness. Our study provides evidence that the effect of social information – facilitation, inhibition or no effect – both in magnitude and direction is risk and spatial scale dependent. Thus, even the 'best laid plans' can be influenced by social clues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Architecture & Civil Engineering is the property of Chang'an Daxue Zazhishe and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Roma population is one of the most discriminated social groups. Ignorance of their culture, traditions, etc. generates prejudices and stereotypes that hinder the processes of intercultural coexistence. The aim is to make the Roma people visible and to intervene in the university population, promoting intercultural and inclusive learning spaces to reduce behaviors that generate inequalities. Students from the University of Valladolid were involved, 1255 students in particular, distributed in control and experimental groups. The instrument consists of 40 closed questions and one open-ended. A quantitative analysis was carried out in the anti-Gypsy attitudes categories with t-tests. Item to item differences were not significant in categories A, B and C, but there were differences in D between the experimental and the control groups, which confirms important trends in the target population. Prejudices towards the Roma population continue to exist. University students who receive training have fewer prejudices than students who do not, although other variables can influence the process. Of the students, 72.2% are disturbed by the same negative behaviors, regardless of the ethnic group, and half of them are disturbed by behaviors based on prejudices. It is confirmed the need for preventive interventions to avoid the establishment of erroneous beliefs about the Roma community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, national parks have experienced record-breaking crowds. However, little is known about victimization, fear, or precautionary behaviors within these spaces. Based on a survey of 1,500 park visitors, the most common forms of victimization were verbal assault and theft. Park visitors experiencing victimization had increased odds of being fearful, considering crime, and staying longer in parks. Similarly, those reporting higher levels of fear of crime were more likely to take safety precautions, consider crime, have experienced victimization in a national park, and spend less time in the park. Policy implications as it relates to crime and national parks are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To determine the neuroprotective effects of berberine hydrochloride (BBR) against lead-induced injuries on the hippocampus of rats. Methods: Wistar rats were exposed orally to doses of 100 and 500 ppm lead acetate for 1 and 2 months to develop subchronic and chronic lead poisening models, respectively. For treatment, BBR (50 mg/kg daily) was injected intraperitoneally to rats poisoned with lead. At the end of the experiment, the spatial learning and memory of rats were assessed using the Morris water maze test. Hippocampal tissue changes were examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The activity of antioxidant enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and malondialdehyde levels as parameters of oxidative stress and antioxidant status of the hippocampus were evaluated. Results: BBR reduced cognitive impairment in rats exposed to lead (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The resulting biochemical changes included a decrease in the activity of antioxidants and an increase in lipid peroxidation of the hippocampus of lead-exposed rats (P<0.05 or P<0.01), which were significantly modified by BBR (P<0.05). BBR also increased the density of healthy cells in the hippocampus of leadexposed rats (P<0.05). Significant changes in tissue morphology and biochemical factors of the hippocampus were observed in rats that received lead for 2 months (P<0.05). Most of these changes were insignificant in rats that received lead for 1 month. Conclusion: BBR can improve oxidative tissue changes and hippocampal dysfunction in lead-exposed rats, which may be due to the strong antioxidant potential of BBR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atmospheric turbulence consistently poses a significant challenge to the stable propagation of laser beams, particularly over long distances, as is often the case in free-space optical communication systems. To mitigate the adverse effects of atmospheric turbulence, there is a pressing need to develop specialized laser beams. In this study, we analyzed and derived the propagation characteristics of vector vortex pin beams (VVPBs) in free space and simulated their behavior under atmospheric turbulence using numerical methods. Our simulations demonstrate that, under identical conditions, VVPBs exhibit lower scintillation indices and beam wander compared to pin beams (PBs) over long distances. Furthermore, we experimentally generated VVPBs and PBs and measured their scintillation indices and beam wander as they traversed thermally induced turbulence in a laboratory setting. The experimental data corroborate our theoretical findings, confirming that VVPBs offer significant advantages in reducing the impact of turbulence. These findings could have substantial implications for the advancement of free-space optical communication and remote sensing technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of spatiotemporal correlation, initially rooted in the domain of physics, has increasingly become of interest to scholars across various fields. This burgeoning interest is especially noted within the realm of human dynamics, where the examination of human behavior's spatiotemporal aspects is emerging. The exploration into the nuanced ways in which human actions intertwine with geographical contexts is paramount. This paper delves into the Time-Space Characteristic Correlation of Human Behavior (TSCH) model, a pioneering framework that melds the intricacies of human behavior with geographic considerations through a micro-dynamic approach to population strategy, employing the mean-field limit method. This study scrutinizes the spatiotemporal dynamics of individual travel behaviors, focusing on specific traits such as sudden increases in activity (paroxysm B), behavioral memory (M), and the radius of gyration (Rg). The stability of these behavioral waves is evaluated through the application of the "db4" wavelet basis function, revealing stable fluctuations in population travel patterns that resonate deeply with regional characteristics. The model enables the computation of the overall cost burden of area visits for local residents, uncovering a power-law correlation between this cost and the spatial attractiveness of urban centers when analyzed at a collective level. Our findings underscore a profound linkage between the temporal and spatial patterns of human behavior at the urban scale. Furthermore, the TSCH model's advancement facilitates a nuanced understanding of complex social issues, including urban development, public health management, and transportation systems optimization, offering valuable insights for sociological inquiry and practical application in addressing contemporary societal challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scarlet macaw (Ara macao) is a charismatic species that is native to Central and South America and commonly housed in captivity. Gaps in knowledge about these birds' behavioral ecology in the wild hinders both in situ and ex situ management and conservation efforts for this species. We conducted seventeen days of observations of free-living scarlet macaws in two locations in Costa Rica, in February 2022, with the aims of (1) advancing our knowledge of this species' natural behavioral ecology, and (2) generating data for comparison with captive macaws to help to inform their ex situ management (e.g., enclosure design and enrichment). Routes were walked within two locations—Bosque Escondido (BE), release area for captive-bred reintroduced individuals and no extant wild population, and Punta Leona (PL), an area of natural habitat within a resort inhabited by wild scarlet macaws—and focal interval sampling of multiple scarlet macaws in a group was used to record behavior and space use. The macaws at both locations were generally active, spent most of their time high in the tree canopy, relied on climbing to move within it, and used a wide variety of supports. The macaws at PL spent significantly more time feeding and locomoting, and less time perching, than those at BE, possibly due to differences in resource availability, rearing conditions, and age. Furthermore, the wild scarlet macaws at PL exhibited a variety of foraging strategies to acquire and manipulate food items within the tree canopy, including frequent use of their feet during manipulation. Despite limitations caused by a small sample size, a short period of observations, and differences between the two populations observed, this study provides insights into the behavioral ecology of scarlet macaws in the wild, which can be used for behavioral assessments of captive macaws while informing their ex situ management, with applications to animal welfare and captive breeding programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies have primarily focused on off-street parking lots, leveraging parking fees to reduce search time and enhance socioeconomic benefits. However, existing research overlooks the examination of parkers' choice behavior within a single parking lot and fails to incorporate differential parking fees in analyzing the choices of individual parking spaces. To this end, this study introduces the multinomial logit and mixed logit models to explore the influence of variables on parkers' choice of parking spaces. Moreover, the marginal willingness to pay is calculated for the four variables (i.e., parking fee, mechanical space, walking time, and search time) for work and recreation purposes to determine how much parkers are willing to spend for them. The results show that all four variables have a significant negative effect on parker's choice, and mechanical parking space is core for parkers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Video games are no longer just entertainment; they are increasingly recognized for their potential to enhance cognitive abilities, including spatial cognition. This skill is vital in academic disciplines, where strong spatial reasoning is essential for problem-solving and success. Aims: This study investigates how video game engagement impacts self-reported spatial abilities in university students, focusing on the frequency, types, and duration of gaming. It also explores the contributions of specific video game genres and features to perceived cognitive improvements. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 566 Saudi university students who completed an online questionnaire on their gaming habits and self-reported spatial abilities. Data were analyzed using independent sample t-tests and chi-square tests to assess the associations between video game behaviors and self-reported spatial cognition. Results: Frequent gamers (65% of participants) demonstrated significantly higher self-reported spatial abilities than infrequent gamers, particularly in adapting to spatial challenges (p < 0.001). Players engaged with action and open-world games reported the greatest perceived improvements in spatial cognition. No significant gender differences were observed, indicating that both males and females benefit equally from gaming. The use of perspective in games was notably linked to spatial skill enhancement (p = 0.05). Conclusions: Regular video game play, especially with spatially demanding genres, is associated with significant self-reported improvements in spatial abilities. These findings highlight the potential of video games as tools for enhancing self-reported spatial cognition in education and professional training, particularly in STEM fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A home range determines the resources animals can access, and the size of a home range often reflects resource availability and energetic requirements of individuals. The Flammulated Owl (Psiloscops flammeolus) is a cryptic small forest owl that breeds in mixed conifer forests in western North America. The home ranges of individuals generally comprise open forests with large trees, but we have yet to fully understand temporal variation in this species' use of space and the habitat structures that drive space use at a fine scale. During the 2017 summer breeding season (May–July), we tracked the movement of six territorial males with GPS tags to estimate temporal variation in space use and examined resource selection for fine-scale habitat characteristics within home ranges. Results suggest that individual movement was more constrained around nests early at night, but the area of space used was consistent between the incubation and nestling stages. The owls' activity centers near their nests had denser ground cover than available habitat, indicating that the forest understory may be valuable for this species' breeding ecology. As forested landcover rapidly changes in western North America, understanding the spatial behavior and fine scale habitat associations of this species and others is increasingly important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prior studies have found that individuals with schizophrenia often have an enlarged "personal space". However, the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying this consistent finding remain unknown. The well-validated Stop Distance Procedure was used to measure the personal space preferences of individuals with psychotic disorders (PD, N = 22) and demographically-matched healthy controls (HC, N = 20) in response to human and virtual (avatar) intruders. Physiological arousal and subjective discomfort were measured during intrusions into personal space and modeled across different interpersonal distances. Additionally, participants were interviewed to assess their subjective awareness of their personal space preferences. Personal space measurements with humans and avatars were highly correlated and reliable over repeated trials, and influenced by the displayed emotion and gender of the intruders, in both groups. The PD group exhibited a larger personal space than the HC group (all p < 0.028), and the size of personal space with avatar intruders was significantly correlated with positive symptom severity in the PD subjects. Moreover, the magnitude of arousal responses to personal space intrusions was proportional to a power (exponent) of the distance between subjects and intruders, with a significantly smaller exponent in the PD (compared to the HC) for both human (p = 0.026) and avatar (p = 0.011) intruders, indicating a less steep function. Lastly, much of the participants' qualitative impressions of their personal space behaviors were consistent or correlated with the quantitative findings, reflecting some awareness of the determinants of personal space. These findings reveal both intact and altered aspects of personal space regulation in psychotic disorders, and the potential utility of personal space measurements, given their high reliability, to serve as objective targets of interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Educational buildings, which appear as a design problem when viewed through the historical process, appear as a whole of structures consisting of educational units of different functions and sizes, shaped through a main corridor space and attached to this main space. On the other hand, when educational buildings are considered through their plan schemes or spatial layouts, it is possible to say that they positively or negatively affect different but interrelated parameters such as students' potential to come together, their motivation in crowds, and their involvement with each other in social relations. In the space syntax theory, buildings are separated from each other in terms of programming; that behavior is shaped and determined by the configuration (strong programming) or possible new forms of behavioral patterns occurring against the layout (weak programming). This study uses a comparative methodology to investigate the effect of the spatial layout of educational buildings on how social interaction is generated and motivated in the relations of 'syntactic programs' in school settings. The study focuses on recess time behavior in relation to the spatial layout and uses behavior maps and space syntax methods to examine the effects of the spatial setups programming parameters in educational buildings. Results show that if an educational building has a flexible structure (weak programming) with its spatial organization, socialization is oriented naturally by the layout with enriched behavioral patterns. However, when the design starts to behave strongly programmed, social behavior becomes monotonous and prevented. As a result, this study shows the importance of understanding social logic in the architectural design of educational buildings in structuring social relationships. Revealing the relationships between these concepts is thought to guide the evaluation of the design criteria of educational buildings and the contents presented for new designs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the existence of robots that can physically lift heavy loads, robots that can collaborate with people to move heavy objects are not readily available. This article makes progress toward effective human-robot co-manipulation by studying 30 human-human dyads that collaboratively manipulated an object weighing \(27 \mathrm{kg}\) without being co-located (i.e., participants were at either end of the extended object). Participants maneuvered around different obstacles with the object while exhibiting one of four modi–the manner or objective with which a team moves an object together–at any given time. Using force and motion signals to classify modus or behavior was the primary objective of this work. Our results showed that two of the originally proposed modi were very similar, such that one could effectively be removed while still spanning the space of common behaviors during our co-manipulation tasks. The three modi used in classification were quickly, smoothly and avoiding obstacles. Using a deep convolutional neural network (CNN), we classified three modi with up to 89% accuracy from a validation set. The capability to detect or classify modus during co-manipulation has the potential to greatly improve human-robot performance by helping to define appropriate robot behavior or controller parameters depending on the objective or modus of the team. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What exactly is gaslighting and how does it play out in the gendered context of women's entrepreneurship? We contribute to Stern's three-stage model of gaslighting by presenting a contextualised perspective through a 'twisted path' of gaslighting that maps out gaslighting interactions and consequences, reflecting how our findings coincide with, depart from and enrich this model; meanwhile identifying primary and subsequent (secondary and tertiary) gaslighting interactions. By examining gaslighting through the lens of epistemic injustice and testimonial injustice, we explain why some women entrepreneurs succumb to gaslighting, while others strategically employ testimonial smothering and infrapolitics as an empowered agential strategy rather than a disenfranchised consequence. Considering the lack of research on gaslighting in entrepreneurship, our geopolitical context emphasises the role of spatial position and identity within multiple systems of injustice, such as occupation and patriarchy, adding novel insights theorised and grounded in lived experiences. In doing so, we disrupt the influence of western feminism by embracing a postcolonial feminist perspective and promoting social justice through centring the voices of 40 internally displaced Palestinian women entrepreneurs. Policy implications underscore the need to raise awareness of gaslighting, facilitate its identification and promote preventive measures to hold gaslighters accountable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of space, the fundamental object of architecture, is perceived through sensory experiences, with prior spatial experiences playing a significant role in this process. Cultural diversity leads to variations in the spatial behavior of societies in different geographies, meaning that individuals experiencing the same structure may connect space, meaning, and place in diverse ways. This research builds upon Edward Relph’s Place and Placelessness, which examines the phenomenological dis-course on "how places are experienced and how they change." It focuses on the concept of "place attachment," defined as the emotional, cognitive, and behavioral bond formed at the intersection of the experiencing body and the experienced space. The Architecture Department at KTU, recognized for its accessibility and its role in training students proficient in architectural terminology and skilled in designing future spaces, has been selected as the focus of this study. The research aimed to derive semantic interpretations of the physical, emotional, and social dimensions of place, following the three categories Relph used in his analysis of place. A semi-structured interview technique with predetermined open-ended questions was employed, and participants were asked to create memory maps based on the building plan. Data analysis provided insights into how users perceived the study area, identifying spaces where a sense of attachment was strong. Conversely, areas perceived as "non- places," evoking a sense of being "out of place," were highlighted. Suggestions were offered for improving such negative spaces and guiding future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of New Architecture is the property of New Architecture Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of New Architecture is the property of New Architecture Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Photoswitchable fluorescent self‐assemblies exhibiting aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) properties have garnered widespread attention. Due to their great adaptiveness and responsiveness towards different wavelengths required by photoreaction, photo‐isomerization, and photoluminescence excitation, these fluorescent self‐assemblies show diverse emission behavior in a spatial, temporal, and polychromatic manner. Integrating organic photoswitches and AIE fluorophores, these photoluminescent nano‐assemblies have been proven to be an effective approach, allowing the development of sophisticated systems for drug release and cell regulation that can be precisely manipulated through light or other stimuli. This review systematically encapsulates recent advances in photoswitchable fluorescent self‐assemblies under multi‐scenario biological applications. The construction of photoswitchable AIE fluorophores through covalent and non‐covalent interactions and their multimodal regulation are detailed, along with their biological applications in biosensing, bioimaging, and drug therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article expresses the idea of ergaticity and the ergatic approach (behavioral model) in decision-making on the spatial development of Ukraine, which considers the state and its space as a 'system-process' that is characterized by behavior, the ability to self-organize and self-develop, and the choice of effective behavior in changing realities and situations. Foreign and domestic scientific sources, statistical compilations, project materials, strategies, and programs for the development of Ukraine, its regions, and cities served as source data. The authors use long-term monitoring of processes at different hierarchical levels of the space of the state, their dynamics, and changes. The study resulted in the substantiation of the conceptual provisions of the ergatic approach to planning and modeling the spatial future of Ukraine. The suggested spatial changes relate to functional and urban zoning of the territories of the state; development of connections and understanding of the multidimensional dynamics of processes in the territory; placement of new elements and investments in the existing structure of natural landscape and urban planning conditions; spatial, temporal, structural, and parametric coordination of processes in the space of the state and creation of systemic effects of using the capacity of ergaticity in the spatial development of Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a decoction (DOe) and a methanolic global extract (MGEOe), obtained with the aerial parts of Oxalis erythrorhiza Gillies ex Hooker et Arnott (Oxalidaceae), were evaluated. The high-resolution liquid chromatography in conjunction with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS) analysis showed forty compounds in MGEOe and twenty-nine in DOe, including flavones, C-glycosyl flavones, isoflavones, fatty acids, terpenes, phenolic acids, and sterols. The antioxidant properties were evaluated by DPPH, TEAC, FRAP, and ILP assays. Both DOe and MGEOe showed stronger antioxidant activities. The anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated by COX inhibition method, where DOe demonstrated a significant inhibitory effect. The cytotoxic effects were evaluated in the tumoral HCT-116 and non-tumoral HBL-100 cell lines, revealing a selective action from DOe and MGOe on cancer cells. DOe was evaluated in an animal model of insulin resistance, which is characterized by alterations in glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as cognitive impairments, including anxiety-like behavior and memory deficits. Male SD rats received sucrose (10% w/v, SUC), a half dilution of DOe (5% w/v) with sucrose (HDOeS) or DOe with sucrose (DOeS) from PND21 to PND61. Then, anxiety-like behavior and spatial memory were assessed using the open field (OF), elevated plus maze (EPM) and the novel object location (NOL) tests, respectively. Serum parameters basal glycemia, total cholesterol (TC) and tryglicerides were measured using commercial kits. The lipid peroxidation was determined in homogenates of cerebral cortex, hippocampus and hypothalamus by TBAR assay. Only HDOeS exhibited lower anxiety-like behavior in OF and improved performance in NOL compared to SUC. Furthermore, DOeS showed reduced serum parameters, while HDOeS presented lower TC levels than SUC. No differences were observed on TBAR assay. The beneficial properties of these preparations could be attributed to the identified metabolites. These findings highlighted O. erythrorhiza as a potential source of compounds to improve human health; however, further research is required to elucidate its mechanisms of action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to evaluate the capability of machine learning models to accurately predict complex near-critical phase behavior in CO2–hydrocarbon systems, which are crucial for enhanced oil recovery and carbon storage applications. We compared the physical Peng–Robinson equation of state model to machine learning algorithms under varying temperatures, pressures, and composition, including challenging near-critical scenarios. We used a direct neural network model and two hybrid model approaches to capture physical behavior in comprehensive compositional space. While all the models showed great performance during training and validation, the Direct Model exhibited unphysical behavior in compositional space, such as fluctuations in equilibrium constants and tie-line crossing. Hybrid Model 1, integrating a single Rachford–Rice iteration for physical constraints, showed an improved consistency in phase predictions. Hybrid Model 2, utilizing logarithmic transformations to better handle nonlinearities in equilibrium constants, further enhanced the accuracy and provided smoother predictions, particularly in the near-critical region. Overall, the hybrid models demonstrated a superior ability to balance computational efficiency and physical accuracy, closely aligning with the reference of the Peng–Robinson equation of state. This study highlights the importance of incorporating physical constraints into machine learning models for reliable phase behavior predictions, especially under near-critical conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To ensure the safe repurposing of post-mining landscapes, understanding and managing geotechnical risks, particularly ground movements such as settlements on opencast mining dump surfaces, is critical. Satellite-based radar interferometry (InSAR) technology offers highly detailed data on vertical ground movements with a high spatial and temporal resolution. By combining a data-driven approach, using InSAR-generated high-resolution datasets, with model-driven methods such as inverse modeling and classic time–settlement models, the efficient monitoring and prediction of opencast mine dump settlements can be achieved. This dual approach—leveraging advanced data analysis tools and precise modeling—yields valuable insights into spatial settlement behavior. In particular, classic time–settlement models are applied to the InSAR data through least square regression and Taylor approximation. The integration of both approaches enables the more robust, data-validated forecasts of key geotechnical indicators, such as the time to settlement stabilization and the expected maximum settlement over large areas. An application at a mine in central Germany illustrates the method by generating spatial predictions of the settlement behavior over more than 200 ha. In general, the results provide a comprehensive dataset for investigating other factors influencing the settlement behavior of opencast mine dumps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of South Architecture / Nanfang Jianzhu is the property of South Architecture Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: Traffic noise is a pervasive pollutant that affects wildlife at individual and group levels through mechanisms such as disrupting communication, affecting antipredator strategy, and/or changing how they use space within a habitat. Urbanization is expanding rapidly—few places remain untouched by anthropogenic noise disturbance—so understanding the implications of noise on wildlife behavior is paramount to conservation efforts. We asked whether traffic noise could change space use and social network metrics in flocks of captive birds. Specifically, we quantified the effects of playbacks of traffic noise on individual sociality (weighted degree, number of social partners weighted by the frequency of interactions with those social partners) and flock clustering (global clustering coefficient, connectivity of neighbors). In this study, we recorded social interactions and space use of flocks of captive zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) before, during, and after an experimental traffic noise introduction in two treatments: high- and lower-amplitude noise. Our results demonstrated that individual sociality and flock clustering increased in response to the noise introduction in both high-amplitude and low-amplitude treatments. Additionally, birds in the high-amplitude treatment spent more time in the room with active playback during noise playback whereas birds in the lower-amplitude treatment decreased time spent in the room closest to the high-amplitude treatment. Increased social behavior in response to traffic noise could influence disease transmission, social learning, and mating dynamics. We suggest future studies explore the mechanisms driving increased social behavior in traffic noise, such as perceived predation risk, vigilance, and cross-sensory interference.

This study investigates the relation between exposure to neighborhood violence and student performance, focusing on the spatial effects of crime. Using São Paulo city (Brazil) as case study, we applied multilevel and simultaneous equations models combined with a spatial approach. If the effects of crime can be felt across the city, reducing this type of violence should concern public policies in all districts. Application of the combined methods considered 5th and 9th graders from the public school network. Violence was negatively related to student proficiency. Overall, the spatial behavior of crime should be considered when analyzing the relation between violence and education. Crime prevention should be considered in designing education policies since it can benefit both students in violent areas and those in their surroundings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While parks and other public spaces are important to people experiencing homelessness for many reasons, there is a relative lack of research focused on their equitable management for this vulnerable user group. We contextualize our work in this gap, through the application of the Potential for Conflict Index2 (PCI2) approach. Using community survey data, we sought to understand perceived acceptability of various responses to scenarios involving unhoused park users among members of the housed public. Results indicate that respondents largely view people experiencing homelessness as legitimate park users, support their right to use parks in a variety of ways that align with norms of acceptable behavior in public spaces, and favor a variety of responses specific to the scenario at hand. Potential for conflict was greatest with overnight occupation and daytime sleeping, where those with positive and negative attitudes toward people experiencing homelessness held different priorities and endorsed different responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]