Search

Išanalizavus kepiniui naudojamus produktus, kurie yra beglitimiai, be baltojo cukraus, buvo sukurtas specialios mitybinės paskirties desertas. Išnagrinėta UAB „Kepykla“ gaminamas asortimentas, gamyboje naudojami įrengimai, RVASVT sistema. Darbe sukurta deserto technologinė kortelė, aprašas, nustatyti rizikos veiksniai ir svarbūs valdymo taškai. Atlikta juslinė analizė, drėgnumo nustatymas, chromatografijos tyrimas. Apskaičiavus pelno (nuostolio) ataskaitą gauta, kad produktas per metus atneš 3182,4 eurų grynojo pelno, o pagaminus daugiau nei 11,13 kg produkto įmonė pradės gauti pelną., After analyzing the products used for baking, which are gluten-free and without white sugar, a special nutritional dessert was created. The assortment produced by CJSC "Kepykla" , the equipment used in production, and the HACCP system were examined. In the paper the technological card of the dessert was created, description, risk factors and important control points were identified. Sensory analysis, humidity determination, chromatography test were performed. After calculating the profit (loss) report, it was found that the product will bring a net profit of 3182.4 euros per year, and after producing more than 11.13 kg of the product, the company will start making a profit.

Objectives Plaque psoriasis is very embarrassing condition of skin as it produces itchy rashes and scaly lesions which may not respond well to the treatment. It can be correlated with Kitibhakushta which is one among the 18 types of Kushta (skin diseases). Several corticosteroids for skin applications are used now a day’s which gives only temporary relief. Case presentation A 36 years old moderate built male patient complains of blackish skin rashes with itching, pain and scaling all over the body for three months. Based on the symptoms, Dosha (Biological humors) involved were assessed as Kapha (binding factors) and Vata (vital force of life) and suggestive of Kitibhakushta. Diagnosis of the Plaque psoriasis was further confirmed by biopsy. Classical Kushta treatment was adopted here. As Poorvakarma (pre-operative procedures), Rukshana (Dehydrating therapy) was done and then Snehapana (intake of medicated ghee) was administered. Then classical Vamana (emetic therapy) and Virechana (purgative therapy) were performed. This took almost one month. After Samsarjana (special diet) patient was administered Manibhadragula as Shodhana Rasayana for a period of one month. At the end of Manibhadragula intake, remarkable changes were observed in all the symptoms. There were significant changes seen in PASI, DLQI and photographs taken before and after treatment. Conclusions Here the special mode of administration of Manibhadragula as mentioned in Ashtanga Hridaya helps for Shodhana and the Shodhana itself has Rasayana action. Drugs also have Rasayana property. This made the authors to propose a new concept called Shodhana Rasayana. Classical treatment by considering the condition of Roga (disease) and Rogi (patient) helps for management of Kushta.

progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods. The study included 76 patients with DM2, who were diagnosed with DR of varying severity according to the results of ophthalmological examination. The control group (n = 43) consisted of sex-, age-, body mass index-matched persons without diabetes. A questionnaire was developed for the study of LS, all persons were asked to answer its questions. Results. For the integral evaluation of LS scores in the comparison groups, it is advisable to analyze answers through the determination of indices. The most successful was the index of recommendation rationality as the “recommended — not recommended” ratio. 90 % of patients with DM2 adhere to a special diet, but the presence of errors in dietary nutrition does not correlate directly with the severity of the state and DR development. Additional exercises as well as intake of additional amount of water in the diet are habits that significantly differentiate patients with DM2 from their peers without diabetes. But the lack of additional physical activity and a small amount of fluid in daily use showed no correlation with deterioration in the condition of patients and increased complications in the form of DR. An analysis of food habits found that the insufficient intake of fruits and vegetables is directly related to the DM development and its complication in the form of DR progression. Conclusions. The study analyzes the LS indicators: diet, physical activity, water, fruit and vegetable intake. It is found that additional physical activity and the intake of 1.5–2 liters of water is significantly higher in people without diabetes. Insufficient intake of fruits and vegetables in the daily diet is directly related to diabetes, its complications in the form of DR progression. The obtained data provide a basis for the recommendations for patients with DR and type 2 diabetes mellitus in the form of enriching the diet with fruits and vegetables and consider this piece of advice as prevention of the disease progression. The study of these features in patients with different degrees of DR can provide a basis for the development of additional behavioral and nutritional recommendations, which accompany the treatment regimens in order to avoid deterioration of the retina. For the integral assessment of LS indicators in comparison groups, it is efficient to carry out the analysis of answers to the questionnaire through determination of indices. The most successful one is the index of recommendation rationa­lity through “recommended — not recommended” ratio.

Харчова алергія вражає багато мільйонів людей, призводить до зниження якості життя людини та суспільства загалом, а в деяких випадках може призвести до фатальних наслідків. На сьогодні багато уваги приділяється дослідженням, що спрямовані на розробку оптимальних профілактичних заходів для зменшення поширеності харчової алергії. До недавнього часу вважалося, що для профілактики харчової алергії доцільне уникнення найпоширеніших харчових алергенів під час вагітності і грудного вигодовування. Однак існують дані про те, що ранній вплив потенційних харчових алергенів може зменшити ризик розвитку відповідної алергії. Рекомендовано уникати дієтичних обмежень, зокрема введення твердих продуктів, після 4–6 місяців життя навіть для дітей із високим ризиком розвитку алергічних захворювань. До загальних напрямів управління харчовою алергією відносять заходи, що спрямовані на лікування гострих реакцій, та заходи, що спрямовані на мінімізацію ризику появи таких реакцій у майбутньому, так звані довгострокові стратегії (зміни раціону харчування, освітні заходи, фармакологічні та нефармакологічні заходи). У статті розглянуті підходи до ведення дітей з окремими формами гастроінтестинальної харчової алергії. На сьогодні елімінаційна дієта в комбінації з терапією системних реакцій, викликаних харчовими алергенами, залишається стандартним заходом у веденні таких пацієнтів. Головним підходом у первинному лікуванні IgE-опосередкованої гастроінтестинальної харчової алергії вважається уникнення вживання відомих харчових тригерів. Топічні глюкокортикостероїди залишаються препаратами першої лінії в лікуванні еозинофільного езофагіту. Існує багато спірних питань щодо ведення дітей із не-IgE-опосередкованою гастроінтестинальною харчовою алергією. Відмічається нагальна потреба в проведенні численних нових досліджень, спрямованих на розроблення ефективних лікувально-профілактичних заходів для ведення пацієнтів із цією поширеною і складною проблемою — харчовою алергією.

Very little is known about the use of nutritional supplements in children with Tourette syndrome. The current study aimed to address the frequency of nutritional supplements and the use of special diets in children with Tourette syndrome and typically developing children. Additional data also sought to address the motivations behind using them, their cost and perceived benefits. A total of 76 responses from an anonymous online survey (Tourette syndrome = 42; typically developing = 34) were completed and analyzed. Fifty-six per cent of children with Tourette syndrome compared to 15% of typically developing children were currently taking nutritional supplements, with the majority take two or more. Thirty-five per cent of the Tourette syndrome compared to 6% typically developing were currently or had previously adopted a special diet. Supplements most used for children with TS included probiotics, omega-3, multivitamins and magnesium. For children with TS, supplementation often began around the age of eight, for a duration on average of 35 months. The average cost was £32.44 a month compared to £8.25 for typically developing children. Seventy-five per cent of supplement users in the Tourette syndrome group noted improvement, mainly in motor and vocal tics, sleep quality and anxiety reduction. Most caregivers learned of supplements through the Internet. In almost 42% of the Tourette syndrome group, their pediatrician was unaware of the supplement use and this rose to 65% for special diets. Given the popularity of nutritional supplements, more research on the effectiveness and safety of such interventions is crucial.

Objectives: The objective of this study is to assess the patterns of exercise and diet intake among the pregnant and pre pregnant women visiting the Gynae OPD Civil Hospital Khairpur, Sindh, Pakistan. Methodology: This is a descriptive cross sectional study conducted at the Gynae OPD Civil Hospital Khairpur, Sindh, Pakistan, from November 2020 to January 2021. A well-structured questionnaire was introduced to collect the study data and consent was taken. Sample size was calculated by Slovin’s Formula which was 400 with 95% confidence level and 5% margin of error. Results were analyzed by using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) software version 23. Results: Results reported that, out of 400 women, during pregnancy 304 were not having gestational diabetes, before pregnancy 348 women did not exercise. It was also found that out of 322 having normal range of Body Mass Index (BMI) during pregnancy 36 of participants performed exercise, before pregnancy 40 performed the exercise, during pregnancy 256 did the household work, during pregnancy 42 followed the special diet. Conclusion: It was concluded that women who visited the OPD do not exercise properly and do not take proper diet before and during pregnancy because of inadequate awareness of role of exercise and diet for pregnancy.

Hypothyroidism is a systemic chronic disease that occurs as a result of a deficiency of thyroid hormones (thyroid hormones): triiodothyronine and tetraiodothyronine (thyroxine). Targets of thyroid hormones are almost all organs and tissues of the human body, which explains the variety of clinical manifestations that occur when these hormones are deficient. Recently, basic research through the use of experimental models has become more relevant and allowed us to obtain a number of new morphological and functional changes that occur in hypothyroidism. This review discusses the main experimental models of hypothyroidism: surgical, radioactive, dietary, anti-thyroid administration and genetics’ model. The main principle of the surgical model of hypothyroidism is to remove the thyroid gland. The radioactive model is based on the introduction of a radioactive isotope of iodine to laboratory animals. The dietary model is based on the use of a special diet with a limited amount of iodine. The drug model is based on the introduction of antithyroid drugs - methylimidazole and propylthiouracil. The principle of the genetic model consists in special genetic manipulations with the genome of laboratory animals. The advantages and disadvantages of each model are discussed. The use of sophisticated equipment has brought specialists closer to a more complete and holistic understanding of the morphological and functional manifestations of hypothyroidism. Researching of experimental models is an important tool in relation to the studying of the mechanisms underlying hypothyroidism and, as a result, in improving prevention and treatment-diagnostic strategies.

Background: Diet modification has the potential to influence glycemic control and diabetes outcome in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). This cross-sectional study aimed to assess types of diets being reported by patients with T1D and documented in the Diabetes Patients Follow-Up Registry (DPV). Methods: The DPV registry was screened for additional free text entries containing information about certain diets and/or physician-based diagnoses requiring special diets e. g. celiac disease. Descriptive analysis and unadjusted comparisons between patients with T1D following at least one special diet and controls (T1D without diet) were performed. Results: Overall, 113,894 patients with T1D of all ages were included. In 2.3% (n = 2,595; median age 11.3 yrs [Q1; Q3: 7.0; 15.2]), at least one kind of diet was documented. These patients were significantly younger at diabetes onset than controls (median age 7.5 yrs [Q1; Q3: 3.9; 11.4] vs. 11.1 yrs [6.6; 16.7]; p < 0.001) and showed a significantly lower BMI-SDS (median [Q1; Q3]: 0.220 [−0.427;0.812] vs. 0.450 [−0.211;1.088]). Diet was more often reported in females (55.7% vs. 44.3%, p < 0.001). The three most common diets were gluten-free diet due to celiac disease, low-protein diet, and lactose-restricted diet due to lactoseintolerance. A combination of two diagnoses in one patient (n = 44, 1.7% of the entire diet group) was predominantly intolerance to both fructose and lactose. Among all diet subgroups the highest BMI-SDS was found in the group diets for weight loss. Conclusions: This study revealed a wide range of eating habits in patients with T1D. A special diet was more frequently documented in females. The main reason for adhering to a diet was a concomitant disease. As any diet modification could impact glycemic control, health care providers should be encouraged to regularly ask their patients about their eating habits and provide training and support by specialized dietitians.

Osszefoglalo Bevezetes: Az elelmiszervasarlas soran tobb tenyező is befolyasolja a tudatos valasztast. A csomagola-sokon elhelyezett elelmiszercimkek, melyek europai unios rendeleteknek megfelelően tartalmaznak informaciokat a termekekről (pl. vedjegyek, termekosszetetel, tapertek, allergen anyagok stb.) segitik a vasarlokat, habar ezeknek az elolvasasa, ertelmezese időigenyes. Cikkunkben bemutatjuk a vizsgalt korcsoport termekosszetevőkkel kapcsolatos velemenyet, tovabba a valaszadok erdeklődesi aranyat olyan mobilalkalmazas formajaban elerhető szolgaltatasokra, melyek osszekotő hidat jelenthetnek a fogyaszto es a termekinformaciok kozott, ezzel tamogatva az egeszseges es tudatos elelmiszer-valasztast. Hipotezisunk a kovetkező volt: Azok, akiknek van valamilyen specialis etrendi igenye (betegseg, etel intolerancia, vegetarianus etrend stb.), vagy akik rendszeresen, legalabb hetente sportolnak, azok jobban odafigyelnek a termekek osszetevőire es nagyobb az erdeklődesuk egy egeszseges valasztast tamogato mobil applikacio irant. Modszertan: Kerdőives kutatast vegeztunk, melynek celja a 18−25 eves korosztaly attitűdjeinek felme-rese volt. A kerdőivet a Debreceni Egyetem hallgatoi toltottek ki, anonim modon es onkentes reszvetellel, osszesen 376-an. Az adatok elemzesehez leiro statisztikai modszereket es Mann−Whitney U-tesztet alkalmaztunk. Eredmenyek: A valaszadok 38 %-anak van valamilyen specialis etrendi igenye es 61 %-uk legalabb hetente sportol. A valaszadok tobbsegenek fontos, hogy ne olyan termeket valasszon, melyről tudja, hogy egeszsegre vagy kornyezetre karos osszetevőt tartalmaz, de tobbseguk csak ritkan, vagy alkalomszerűen nezi meg a termekosszetevők listajat a csomagolason. A termekalternativak osszehasonlitasahoz az ar volt a legnagyobb aranyban jelolt tenyező, a termekosszetevők csak a masodik a fontossagi sorrendben. Azok szamara, akiknek van valamilyen specialis etrendi igenye, vagy akik legalabb heti rendszeresseggel sportolnak, fontosabb (p

Western diets are characterized by a high dietary acid load (DAL), which has been associated with adverse clinical outcomes, including type-2-diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Effective dietary strategies to lower DAL are urgently warranted. Plant-based diets (PBD), including vegetarian and vegan diets, are an effective measure to reduce DAL. Notably, not every individual wishes to adopt a PBD. Instead, many people rely on special diets promising comparable health benefits. The effects of those diets on DAL have rarely been investigated. Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, we aimed to quantify DAL and nutrient intake in the most popular special diets in the United States, including weight-loss, low fat, low salt, low sugar, and diabetic diets. Our analysis included 3552 individuals on a special diet. The most popular diets were the weight-loss diet (n = 1886 individuals) and the diabetic diet (n = 728). Energy intake was below 2000 kcal/d for all diets; however, there were no statistically significant intergroup differences. DAL scores were positive for all special diets (>9 mEq/d), suggesting acidifying properties. Acid load scores of special diets did not differ significantly and were comparable to a standard Western diet. None of the examined diets was associated with alkaline properties.

The rising number of consumers requiring a special diet because of health issues or lifestyle decisions have opened new opportunities for food chain operators. This could designate the directions for product development of the Hungarian food industry. Since functional food products can only achieve market success if they meet the consumers’ expectations, the aim of this research was to examine those main health problems that people are most worried about and to compare the acceptance of dietary way (functional food) of preventing and/or mitigating health problems. Results are based on quantitative consumer survey.

Mind a hazai mind a nemzetközi szakirodalomban egyetértés van abban, hogy az egészségtudatosság és a környezettudatosság együttesen jellemzi a fenntartható élelmiszer-fogyasztást. A vizsgálat jelen esetben a felnövő generáció élelmiszer-fogyasztási szokásainak felmérésére irányult, a mostani 18-25 éves korosztály tekinthető a „közeljövő fogyasztójának”, a vizsgált korcsoportban a felsőoktatási hallgatók esetében elmondható, hogy a fogyasztásaik során, különösen az élelmiszer-fogyasztás területén önálló döntéshozónak tekinthetőek. Ezen életszakaszban kialakuló fogyasztási minták – melyet az oktatásból szerzett információk is befolyásolnak – meghatározóak lehetnek a későbbiekre is. A felmérésünk alapján megállapítható, hogy a Debreceni Egyetem hallgatói kevésbé ismerik a környezettudatosság kritériumait, mint az egészségtudatosság jellemzőit, inkább tekintik magukat egészségtudatos élelmiszer-fogyasztónak, mint környezettudatos élelmiszer-fogyasztónak, s nagyobb arányban utasítják el az élelmiszer-fogyasztás kapcsán a környezeti szempontokat, inkább az önérdek dominál a mások érdekeivel szemben a döntéseiknél. Kiemelendő, hogy a fentiek minden esetben a vélt, saját magukról véleményezett egészségtudatosságra és környezettudatosságra tett megállapítások. A továbbiakban azt szándékozzuk vizsgálni, hogy a vélt és a valós tudatosság között milyen összefüggés fedezhető fel az élelmiszer-fogyasztás tekintetében.

Jednym z kluczowych elementów dla zdrowego starzenia się jest prawidłowe żywienie, w tym odpowiednia ilość i rodzaj spożywanych warzyw i owoców, jednakże seniorzy zazwyczaj nie jedzą wystarczającej ilości produktów z tych grup. W artykule przedstawiono dane na temat roli owoców i warzyw w zmniejszaniu ryzyka wystąpienia takich chorób, jak schorzenia układu krążenia, osteoporoza, przewlekła obturacyjna choroba płuc, depresja, zaburzenia funkcji poznawczych, niektóre rodzaje nowotworów, a także umieralności. W tym kontekście zaprezentowano dane dotyczące częstości spożywania warzyw i owoców przez osoby starsze, które wskazują na niezadawalającą realizację zaleceń żywieniowych. Częstsze spożywanie tych produktów zaobserwowano wśród kobiet, u osób z wyższym wykształceniem, u stosujących leki lub specjalną dietę. Posiadanie protezy zębowej istotnie zmniejszało spożycie owoców. Większa wiedza żywieniowa dotycząca owoców i warzyw związana była z częstszym spożyciem tych produktów. W związku z powyższym, prowadzenie żywieniowych programów edukacyjnych wydaje się szczególnie istotne wśród osób starszych. Słowa kluczowe: osoby starsze, owoce, warzywa, częstość spożycia, wiedza żywieniowa

Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of special diet adoption in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and parental perceptions of efficacy. Design: An online survey was distributed over a...

Diabetes is a serious, long-term condition that occurs when the body cannot produce any or enough insulin or cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. Diabetes type I (DT1) -a chronic, life-long, non-curable disease with high percentage of complications. Several studies have proved that special diet, appropriate exercises and long-term lifestyle changes can help in managing of diabetes, holding it in a compensated form and decreasing complications severity. However, it’s not easy to manage DT1. All over the world exist governmental and nongovernmental organizations, called “School of Diabetes” that educate patients in how to control their disease. The aim of this paper is to propose a patient-specific, multilevel and predictive model, using meal and exercise guidelines based on a comparative analysis of modern Schools of Diabetes (USA, Russia, China), having a problem-oriented dataset built upon the Diabetes Data Set (UCI) and personal data records from a targeted group of 5 patients with DT1. Obtained results from creating 5 patientspecific models and a 3 month investigation period show that the proposed modelling technique can decrease patients’ HbA1c and heart rate values.

The object of the experiment was 600 people, potential consumers of dairy products. Of these, 210 were practically healthy and 390 who had certain diseases. The subject of research was their consumer preferences regarding the appearance on the market of an innovative product for health purposes. One of the problems of our time is the lack of food in the market for special diet food. The study found that 20% of those surveyed consume classic drinking yogurts almost daily. 15, 13 and 12% of respondents daily consume cottage cheese, sour cream and yoghurts with cereal toppings (respectively). 10% of respondents prefer acidophilus and kefir. 9% of respondents prefer lactic acid products – fermented baked milk. 8% of respondents consume yogurt and aerin daily. 2% of the number of respondents consume bifilife. It was established that among the respondents yoghurts containing carotene, lecithin and products based on soy milk (3% each) are not in great demand. The consumer prefers yogurt with the content of wheat germ and bran (18%). 17% of respondents consume yogurt with sugar substitutes. 13% prefer products that contain vitamins. 10% consume micronutrient yoghurts. 7 and 6% (respectively) of respondents prefer yogurt with the content of antioxidants and enterosorbents. Fat-free products and products containing dietary fiber received 5% of consumer preferences. Having designed the quality function of the QFD model (Total Quality Management – QFD), it was found that the consumer wants to see yogurt on the shelf containing bifidobacteria, habitual taste characteristics, safe for consumption and at a low price. Compared with similar well-known methods of yogurt production, the designed product can bring maximum profit to the manufacturer, due to the release of new products that will best meet the requirements of consumers.

The U.S. Army’s Child, Youth, and School Services (CYS), which has the capacity to serve more than 70,000 meals/snacks per day, is a geographically dispersed system with facilities worldwide. This case report is a description and evaluation of the implementation of a major food program initiative within the CYS system. In collaboration with Kansas State University, the Healthy Menu Initiative was established to standardize the system’s menus, reflect the guidance contained within the 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, and take into account the Child and Adult Care Food Program regulations that went into effect on 1 October 2017. Food storage space, food service equipment, product availability, food safety considerations, and staff shortages have all proven to be challenges in the development and implementation of the menus. Participant acceptance has been an issue in some instances, and special diet requirements add to the workload of the staff. To overcome these challenges, input was solicited from CYS management, care providers, food service staff, and participant families, as well as participants themselves. Taste testing and classroom cooking activities have been developed to increase acceptance, and over 500 CYS food program staff have attended in-depth training sessions to support the initiative. Overall, the initiative has been well received, and there has been an improvement in the diet quality of the foods served within the program. This improvement is noteworthy, as optimal growth and development during childhood and adolescence are reliant on sound nutrition.

Este articulo tiene como objetivo el estudio de 123 embarazadas del Hospital IES Babahoyo, Ecuador durante 2017-2019. Se realiza un estudio estadístico basado en el coeficiente de correlación por rangos. Se compara la medición de los niveles de hemoglobina de las embarazadas durante el primer trimestre con el tercero, después de indicarle a las embarazadas que presentan anemia una dieta especial en alimentos ricos en hierro. El estudio estadístico de la incidencia de la anemia y su gravedad corresponden con las estadísticas que son usuales en América Latina.

Background: worldwide, studies have shown a high prevalence of hormones and nutritional supplements use by athletes and gym members. Many athletes consume unproven, potentially harmful or even banned supplements. Objectives: to assess the prevalence of the use of hormones and nutritional supplements by people who exercise in gyms in Saudi Arabia, and the types of supplements they most commonly use and to obtain a general view of the main reasons for using these enhancements. Materials and Methods: a cross-sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire was conducted at gyms in Saudi Arabia that were selected randomly from different sectors. The sample size was estimated at 289, but the actual number of randomly selected participants in the study was 457. RESULTS: the number of gym members who participated in this study was 457. Approximately 47.9% of the sample reported an intake of nutritional supplements and 7.9% reported that they took hormones. Protein powder was consumed by 83.1% of the participants. Approximately 16.8% of supplement users had noticed some side effects, and 25.7% of those who took hormones had stopped taking them because of adverse effects. Only half of the hormone users (54.2%) reported that they had had medical checkups. The major source of information on supplement and hormone use was non-health professionals, friends being major source (40%) of information on the use of hormones. The use of nutritional supplements was significantly associated with BMI (OR = 1.89, CI = 1.06-3.39), duration of daily exercise (OR = 4.23, CI = 2.06-8.68), and following a special diet (OR = 8.42, CI = 5.37-13.2). There was a very strong association between nutritional supplements consumption and hormone use (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION:approximately half of the participants who regularly exercised in gyms took nutritional supplements, and most had received their information from non-health professionals. There was an association between the duration of exercise and the use of hormones and supplements. Fewer than half of hormone users had obtained a health-care provider’s advice before taking it. The atmosphere in the gym can play an important role in members’ decisions. Educating gym employees and members may have a positive influence on the use of supplements and hormones.

espanolEste estudio busca determinar si las variaciones de la ingesta de carbohidratos, antes de la ejecucion de un estimulo corto, pueden tener impacto en las concentraciones de lactato en el cuerpo del atleta. Realizando una prueba con un estimulo corto (salto de Abalakov), se evaluaron 12 atletas (categoria elite), en 4 dias de pruebas intercaladas: el primer dia se les proporciono una dieta especial (baja en carbohidratos), el segundo dia realizaron la prueba, al tercer dia cambiaron la dieta (alta en carbohidratos), y en el cuarto dia se realizo nuevamente la prueba para comparar ambos momentos. Para las pruebas, la sangre capilar debe extraerse del lobulo de la oreja, estando el atleta en reposo, el sujeto realiza un salto vertical sin impulso y seguido de esto, las muestras se toman despues de 1, 3, 5 y 7 minutos. El procedimiento es el mismo para ambas pruebas, como resultado se observa que en los dos momentos, el tipo de dieta baja o alta en carbohidratos no influye en la concentracion de lactato en la sangre capilar de los atletas. EnglishThis study seeks to determine if variations of carbohydrate intake, before the execution of a short stimulus, may have an impact on lactate concentrations in the athlete's body. Conducting a test with a short stimulus (Abalakov’s jump), 12 athletes were evaluated (elite category), in 4 days of interleaved testing: on the first day they were provided with a special diet (low in carbohydrates), the second day they were asked to perform the test, on the third day they changed the diet (high in carbohydrates), and on the fourth day the test was again performed to compare both moments. For the tests, capillary blood should be extracted from the ear lobe, being the athlete at rest, the subject performs a vertical jump without impulse and followed by this, samples are taken after 1, 3, 5 and 7 minutes. The procedure is the same for both tests, as a result it is observed that in both moments, the type of diet low or high in carbohydrates does not influence the concentration of lactate in the blood capillary of the athletes.

Londinium (48–410 CE) was the focus for Roman administration and trade in Britain; it was established and inhabited by people from across the Empire who continued to practice their diverse food-ways. Roman London was a unique settlement, whose fluctuating economic and political fortunes throughout Roman occupation are clearly evidenced in the archaeological and historical records. This study conducts stable isotope analysis of the diet of a large sample of subadults (0–20 years old) dating from the 1st to 4th centuries AD in London. It includes an assessment of breastfeeding and weaning practices, but aims to focus more on the diets of older children and the transition to ‘adult’ dietary behaviours. The rib bones of 100 subadults and 20 adults were sampled for carbon and nitrogen isotopes. Using these data, we identified an infant feeding pattern that differed from contemporaneous sites in Italy and which remained unchanged over time, a special diet for nursing females, and temporal changes in diet, whereby subadults consumed greater quantities of freshwater resources compared to adults during periods of economic instability.

Musicians are prone to performance injuries due to the nature of musical practice, and classical pianists are among the groups at high risk for playing-related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMDs). With the growing number of classical pianists in Malaysia, this study aimed to investigate the proportion of PRMDs occurring among classical piano students in tertiary institutions in Malaysia. Associations between gender, practice habits, diet, sports involvement, and PRMD were investigated. A survey was conducted among classical piano students (n=192) at tertiary institutions of Kuala Lumpur and Selangor. Results showed that 35.8% (n=68) students reported having PRMD. The shoulder was the most commonly affected body site, followed by the arm, finger, and wrist. Pain, fatigue, and stiffness were the most cited symptoms by those who suffered from a PRMD. Chi-square analysis showed a significant relationship between the occurrence of PRMD and practice hours (p=0.031), the habit of taking breaks during practice (p=0.045), physical cool-down exercises (p=0.037), and special diet (p=0.007). Multivariate logistic regression analyses confirmed the independent correlation between PRMDs and the lack of taking a break during practice, physical cool-down exercises, and special diet. Because PRMDs are reported at various severity levels, this study should increase awareness of PRMD among classical piano students and encourage injury prevention in musicians in the future to ensure long-lasting music careers.

Skin barrier dysfunction has a key role in the development of atopic dermatitis (AD). Covalently bound ceramides (Cer), which are essential lipids for permeability barrier homoeostasis, are reportedly decreased in the stratum corneum (SC) of AD patients. Hairless mice fed a special diet develop pruritic dermatitis resembling human AD. Our previous study found that oral administration of the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid α-linolenic acid ameliorated skin barrier dysfunction in AD mice with concomitant increase in serum eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). In this study, we examined the effects of EPA ethyl ester (EPA-E) on diet-induced AD in hairless mice. Oral administration of EPA-E ameliorated skin barrier dysfunction and pruritus in AD mice. In the SC of AD mice, covalently bound Cer were markedly diminished. EPA-E administration restored the lack of bound Cer. Our findings imply the possible therapeutic clinical application of EPA-E in the treatment of human AD.

Background: Special diets are frequently used by the public but reasons for use and characteristics of users remain unclear.AIM: To determine prevalence of the use of special diets, the individual characteristics associated with their use and reasons for use. Methods: The secondary analysis used data from the 2012 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), a cross-sectional household interview survey of a nationally representative sample of non-hospitalized US adult populations ( n = 34,525). The dependent variables in this secondary analysis were the use of a special diet (vegetarian, macrobiotic, Atkins, Pritikin, and Ornish) ever and during the past 12 months. Independent variables included sociodemographic, clinical and behavioral variables. Prevalence of special diet use and reasons for use were analyzed descriptively. Associations between independent and dependent variables were analyzed using Chi-square tests and logistic regression. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results: Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of using special diets were 7.5% (weighted n = 17.7 million) and 2.9% (weighted n = 6.9 million), respectively. Individuals using special diets in the past 12 months were more likely female (OR = 1.45; 95% CI = 1.21-1.74), not married (OR = 0.76; 95% CI = 0.63-0.91), college-educated (OR = 1.98; 95% CI = 1.25-3.11) and depressed (OR = 1.50; 95% CI = 1.14-1.98). They more likely also used herbal products (OR = 2.35; 95%CI = 1.84-2.99), non-vitamin (OR = 1.82; 95% CI = 1.45-2.27) and vitamin supplements (OR = 1.57; 95% CI = 1.24-1.99). Diets were mainly used to improve overall health (76.7%) or for general wellness/prevention (70.4%). Conclusions: Special diets are mainly used for unspecific health reasons by those who are females, have a college degree or with depression, and commonly used in conjunction with herbs and dietary supplements. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

Children suffering from dystrophic forms of innate epidermolysis bullosa (IEB), have malnutrition of multifactorial genesis. And, despite the experience of working with this complex group of patients, many practical issues of optimal nutrition organization at IEB remain unsolved. The review presents modern approaches to the assessment of nutritional status with children, including those developed for the assessment of eating disorders with children having IEB; the formulas for calculating the nutrient requirement are presented. The analysis of the scientific data on the pathogenesis and characteristics of disturbances in nutritional status with children having IEB is done. It is noted that the complexity of nutritional support of this severe category of patients is due to a mismatch between the increased need for nutrients and limited assimilation of food, which requires a special diet with increased energy and protein value without increasing the amount of food intake. Reasonability of the organization of feeding children having IEB with specialized products for enteral nutrition and nutritional support is analyzed.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Chewing difficulty is a factor contributing to a poor nutritional status in the elderly. The aim of this study was to examine disparities in food and nutrition intakes among Korean elderly people with and without chewing difficulty. SUBJECTS/METHODS This study utilized data from the sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted in 2013. The study subjects included males and females over 65 years of age who were not required to adhere to a special diet due to disease or sickness. They were divided into groups according to their chewing ability. Those who found chewing “very difficult” or “difficult”, were combined to form the chewing difficulty group. Similarly, those who found chewing “moderately difficult”, “easy”, and “very easy” were combined to form the normal chewing group. RESULTS Of the 999 subjects, 47.7% had chewing difficulties and the prevalence of chewing difficulty was higher in females than in males (P = 0.03) and higher in those 75 years of age and over than in younger individuals (P < 0.001). The chewing difficulty group had a significantly lower intake of fruits and vegetables (P < 0.05) and lower vitamin C and potassium intake than those in the normal group. Comparison of the percentages of Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans (KDRIs) in the two groups indicated that the intake of most nutrients (energy, vitamin C, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, and iron) were significantly lower in the chewing difficulty group than in the normal group. In particular, calcium intake was inadequate (51% of KDRIs) in the chewing difficulty group. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that chewing difficulty is closely related to food and nutrient intake in the elderly and can result in vitamin and mineral intake deficiencies. It is evident that the care of elderly subjects with chewing difficulty is essential for maintaining a healthy lifestyle.