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The specific mass burn-up rate of combustible substances (materials) in case of a fire, determines the heat release intensity, the temperature of burning, the intensity of fire development and other parameters. Like the rate of flame propagation, the mass burn-up rate depends on the physical and chemical properties of substances, their aggregate state, as well as other factors. The mass burn-up rate is used in modeling the process of fire development, assessment of the rate of heat release and the intensity of the supply of extinguishing agents to fire extinguishing installations. Currently, the values of the specific mass burn-up rate are given in various reference materials for a limited number of petroleum products. For single-component substances, the desired value can also be determined by calculation. The existing calculation formulas in theory are applicable for both simple and complex substances, and, in this case, there is a need to calculate the values of the specific heat of combustion and evaporation, the specific heat capacity of the substance. However, the process of complex hydrocarbon fuels burn-up differs significantly- it is due to the gradual burning out of individual fractions in their composition. Therefore, for complex substances the calculation should be made considering the changes in density and temperature during the process of burning. The methods for determining the specific mass rate of burnout of multicomponent petroleum products are considered, the universal nomogram and calculation formula are proposed that will allow determining the specific mass rate of burn-up, knowing the density of the petroleum product under normal conditions and its boiling point.

The prospects of using packing materials based on metalworking machine waste as heat and mass transfer blocks for evaporative cooling of industrial recycled water are considered. A procedure is provided for treating experimental data making it possible during analysis of parameters for various packing materials to evaluate the efficiency of their application in specific mass transfer processes and equipment. A procedure is used for processing experimental data making it possible during analysis of a wide range of different packing materials to evaluate the prospects for their industrial application in specific mass transfer processes and equipment. Results of mathematical modeling and design of evaporative cooling equipment for industrial recycled water with the proposed energy and resource-saving heat and mass transfer packing based on metalworking waste are presented.

This article is the second part of the research devoted to the exergetic analysis of heat treatment processes of concrete products in heat technology installations. In the first part, the issues of calculating the exergy of a concrete mixture and hardening concrete have been considered, taking into account all the components of the exergy, viz. reaction, concentration and thermomechanical ones. In the present part of the study, exergetic criteria are proposed that make it possible to evaluate the energy efficiency of the operating modes of heat-technological equipment for the heat treatment of concrete products. These include the degree of thermodynamic perfection of a heat-power system, which is used to evaluate the completeness of the use of the exergetic input; thermodynamic efficiency of the system of heat treatment of concrete products in heat technology installations, representing the degree of thermodynamic perfection of the heat power system that is calculated without taking into account all the components of the sum of transit exergies; thermodynamic efficiency of the heat treatment system, taking into account the exergetic efficiency of the system of heat energy production and transportation; the degree of technological perfection that indicates at the portion of the exergy supplied to the heat technology installation for the heat treatment of concrete products is intended to obtain a technological result. To calculate the listed indicators and characteristics, a mathematical apparatus is proposed that takes into account the mass of the concrete product, the specific mass exergy of cement and hardening concrete, the specified degree of hydration of cement in concrete at the end of heat treatment, the exergetic flows supplied to the product in a heat technology installation during its heat treatment, and numerical indicators characterizing the incompleteness of the cement hydration process. The results obtained in this paper are discussed from the viewpoint of their applicability in the selection of heat treatment modes. They can be used in the selection of energy-saving modes of heat-technological equipment for industrial heat treatment of concrete products.

Introduction. The present research featured industrial sugar crystallization. The article introduces a generalized mathematical model of specific growth rate of sugar crystals depending on temperature, solids, and the purity of solution, as well as on the concentration and average size of crystals. The model includes the probabilistic component of growth rate of monocrystals and the reduced adjustment of the constrained crystal growth depending on the abovementioned as-pects. Study objects and methods. The research focused on mass crystallization of sucrose, including the growth rate of monocrystals and the number of crystals in the fill mass. The obtained experimental data were processed using nonlinear programming. Results and discussion. 421 experiments made it possible to develop a probabilistic mathematical model of specific mass growth rate of sugar monocrystals and its dependence on the solution temperature, purity, and solids content. Model error: ± 11.3%. The model covers the temperature range, concentration of solids, and purity of the solution. The proximity of crystals was calculated according to the dependence of the growth rate on their concentration and the average size (error: ± 1.3%). The adjustment range: concentration of crystals = 5–60%, average size = 0.25–1.50 mm. Conclusion. The present generalized mathematical model of crystallization considered the temperature, as well as the purity and solids content in the fill mass, the concentration of sucrose crystals and their average size. The research compared the effect of linear size and concentration of sugar monocrystals on the calculated and experimental sizes of specific mass growth rate and the dimensionless adjustment of growth rate. The calculated sizes proved to be close to the ex-perimental data, which showed adequacy to the developed crystallization model. The research results can be used to optimize the process of mass sugar crystallization.

In grain production, the extensive use of fungicides and the effects on new genetically modified materials are of concern with respect to final quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate qualitative aspects of Intacta soybeans, as a function of foliar fungicide application. The experiment was conducted in the northern region of Mato Grosso. The experimental design was in randomized blocks in a 5 x 8 factorial scheme, with 5 fungicide systems and 8 cultivars of Intacta soybeans, in three repetitions. The apparent specific mass, unitary and thousand-grain masses were evaluated by variance analysis and Tukey's test (5%), and the fungal incidence, descriptively. The evaluated results varied according to the combination of fungicides applied, but the values of the physical properties remained above the ones verified in the region. For apparent specific mass, the treatment that stood out the most was T1 (Prothioconazole+Trifloxystrobin), for unit-specific mass the best results were observed with the use of T4 (Fluxapiroxad+Pyraclostrobin) and for the mass of 1,000 grains, the treatment with the best results was T3 (Picoxystrobin+Cyproconazole). The grains showed better sanitary quality with the application of the fungicide systems Prothioconazole+Trifloxystrobin and; Picoxystrobin+Cyproconazole. The lowest incidence of fungus was observed for the cultivar CD2750. En la producción de cereales, el uso extensivo de fungicidas y los efectos sobre los nuevos materiales modificados genéticamente son motivo de preocupación con respecto a la calidad final. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar aspectos cualitativos de la soja Intacta, en función de la aplicación de fungicidas foliares. El experimento se realizó en la región norte de Mato Grosso. El diseño experimental fue en bloques al azar en un esquema factorial de 5 x 8, con 5 sistemas de fungicidas y 8 cultivares de soja Intacta, en tres repeticiones. Las masas específicas aparentes, unitarias y de mil granos se evaluaron mediante el análisis de la varianza y la prueba de Tukey (5%), y la incidencia del fungicida, descriptivamente. Los resultados evaluados variaron según las combinaciones de fungicidas aplicados, sin embargo los valores de las propiedades físicas se mantuvieron por encima de lo verificado en la región. Para el peso específico aparente el tratamiento que más destacó fue el T1 (Protioconazol+Trifloxistrobina), para el peso específico unitario los mejores resultados se observaron con el uso del T4 (Fluxapiroxad + Piraclostrobina) y para la masa de 1.000 granos, el tratamiento con mejor resultado fue el T3 (Picoxistrobina+Ciproconazol), siendo el cultivar M7739 el que presentó la mejor calidad física en función del uso de fungicidas foliares. Los granos presentaron mejor calidad sanitaria con la aplicación de los sistemas fungicidas Prothioconazole+Trifloxystrobin y; Picoxystrobin+Cyproconazole. La menor incidencia de hongos se observó en el cultivar CD2750. Na produção de grãos, o extenso uso de fungicidas e os efeitos sobre novos materiais geneticamente modificados preocupam com relação à qualidade final. Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar aspectos qualitativos de grãos de soja Intacta, em função da aplicação de fungicidas foliares. O experimento foi conduzido na região Norte de Mato Grosso, o delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 5 x 8, sendo 5 sistemas de fungicidas e 8 cultivares de soja Intacta, em três repetições. Foram avaliadas as massas específicas aparente, unitária e de mil grãos, pela análise de variância e teste de Tukey a (5%), e a incidência fúngica, descritivamente. Os resultados avaliados variaram conforme as combinações de fungicidas aplicados, porém os valores das propriedades físicas permaneceram acima do verificado na região. Para massa específica aparente o tratamento que mais se destacou foi T1 (Prothioconazole+Trifloxistrobin), para massa específica unitária os melhores resultados foram observados com o uso do T4 (Fluxapiroxade+Piraclostrobina) e para massa de 1.000 grãos, o tratamento com melhor resultado foi o T3 (Picoxystrobina+Ciproconazole), sendo a cultivar M7739 a que apresentou melhor qualidade física em função do uso de fungicidas foliares. Os grãos apresentaram melhor qualidade sanitária com a aplicação dos sistemas de fungicidas Prothioconazole+Trifloxistrobin e; Picoxystrobina+Ciproconazol. A menor incidência de fungos foi constatada para a cultivar CD2750.

The basic physical properties of hemp seeds were measured to determine the correlations between these properties to facilitate the planning of seed sorting operations. The basic dimensions (length, width, and thickness), terminal velocity, angle of external friction, and mass were determined in the selected seeds. The seeds were subjected to a uniaxial compressive strength test to determine the force required to damage a seed, the corresponding displacement, and the energy consumed during the trial. The seed sorting was based on the basic dimensions of the seeds in order to divide the seeds into groups with similar average mass. The hemp seeds were most effectively sorted with the use of a screen with slotted apertures. The optimal set of screens should separate approximately 11% to 24% of the seeds into a fraction with the lowest seed thickness, and approximately 16% to 21% of the seeds into a fraction with the highest seed thickness. The basic seed dimensions significantly influenced the specific mass of the individual hemp seeds, and the corresponding correlations are most effectively described by power functions.

Various geodetic and lidar measurements performed on the Triglav Glacier (Julian Alps, Slovenia) make it possible to study not only the extent of the glacier but also changes in its thickness and volume. These measurements also make it possible to calculate the geodetic mass balance of the glacier. Thickness and volume changes were calculated using glacier area measurements from 1952, 1975, and 1992, and annually between 1999 and 2016. The mean thickness decreased from 39.2m in 1952 to 2.45m in 2012. The maximum thickness decreased from 48.3 m in 1952 to 5.2 m in 2007. The mean specific mass balance was calculated for the area of 1 hectare that the glacier covered in 2016. From 1952 to 2016, the annual specific mass balance was −0.45m w.e.a−1.

With the increase of the world population, we are looking for alternatives to supply the world's food demand. In view of this, and of the numerous benefits of the exploration of new crops as it happens with the pseudocereals, it becomes increasingly necessary studies on this subject, therefore, results that allow the implantation of these crops in the productive sector are of extreme relevance, with the purpose of facilitating its production, management and consequently its commercialization. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physical properties of amaranth and quinoa seeds. As results for the water content of 13.1% and 12.5% of amaranth and quinoa, the porosity results were, respectively, 35.5 and 39.7% and the slope angle of 25° amaranth and 28,26° quinoa. The length, width and thickness were 0.825 mm, 1.287 mm and 1.389 mm for amaranth seeds and 2.025 mm, 2.04 mm, 1.06 mm for quinoa. Sphericity was 93% for amaranth seed and 52% for quinoa. When the electrical property was evaluated, the permissivity values were 3.26 in amaranth and 3.10 in quinoa. The specific mass and weight of one thousand amaranth seeds were 804.7 kg m-³ and 0.78 g and for quinoa seeds of 720.7 kg m-³ and 3.01 g.

A variação da massa específica da madeira pode ocorrer entre e dentre espécies e até mesmo dentro da mesma árvore. A compreensão do comportamento dessa propriedade, através da relação entre espécies do mesmo gênero, é relevante para avaliar os usos dessas madeiras para os fins pretendidos. Por esta razão, o objetivo desse estudo foi determinar a massa específica e teor de umidade ao longo do fuste para Cordia trichotoma e Cordia americana e suas correlações quanto as propriedades físicas. As árvores selecionadas de ambos indivíduos foram seccionadas em discos nas posições relativas de 25, 50, 75 e 100%, considerando a altura comercial determinada a partir do primeiro galho vivo, bem como a 0,10m (altura do toco) e no DAP (1,30 m do solo), de onde retirou-se cunhas para a determinação da variação longitudinal e correlações do teor de umidade, massa específica básica, aparente seco ao ar (14 a 15% na região do estudo) e saturada. Os resultados indicaram um decréscimo dos valores de todas as massas específicas nas posições base-topo para as duas espécies florestais analisadas, variação inversa ao apresentado pelo teor de umidade do material. Com base nos dados analisados, os parâmetros físicos da madeira de ambas as espécies apresentaram correlações positivas entre si. Os valores médios aritméticos de massa específica básica para as madeiras de C. trichotoma e C. americana, 0,379 e 0,484 g/cm³, respectivamente, caracterizam os materiais para uso na fabricação de móveis, lâminas faqueadas e peças valiosas tornadas.

Mountain glaciers are known to be strongly affected by global climate change. Here we compute temporally consistent changes in glacier area, surface elevation and ice mass over the entire European Alps between 2000 and 2014. We apply remote sensing techniques on an extensive database of optical and radar imagery covering 93% of the total Alpine glacier volume. Our results reveal rapid glacier retreat across the Alps (−39 km² a−1) with regionally variable ice thickness changes (−0.5 to −0.9 m a−1). The strongest downwasting is observed in the Swiss Glarus and Lepontine Alps with specific mass change rates up to −1.03 m.w.e. a−1. For the entire Alps a mass loss of 1.3 ± 0.2 Gt a−1 (2000–2014) is estimated. Compared to previous studies, our estimated mass changes are similar for the central Alps, but less negative for the lower mountain ranges. These observations provide important information for future research on various socio-economic impacts like water resource management, risk assessments and tourism., Glaciers in the European Alps are strongly affected by global warming, yet there is no methodologically consistent alpine-wide analysis on glacier changes. Here the authors show significant glacier retreat and an ice mass loss of 1.3 ± 0.2 Gt a−1, derived from contemporaneous measurements of glacier areas and elevations.

This study aimed at assessing the quality of the physiology and health of the coriander seeds processed in a gravity table. This was investigated at two settings namely, I with angle X 3.5° and angle Y 3.1° and II with 3.9° and 2.7° angles, with five gravity table discharges (high, high intermediate, intermediate, low intermediate and low) besides feeding. The experiment adopted the 2x6 factorial scheme, in a completely randomized design, with four replications. Two coriander seed batches of cultivar Verdão were used. The gravity table was adjusted to have 2.9 m s-1 air speed on the platform. The seed fractions discharged in the lower portion of the gravity table revealed poorer physiological performance than that of the others. Regulation I (angle X 3.5° and Y 3.1°) was sufficient for the coriander seeds to be processed in batch 1 and regulation II (angle X 3.9° Y and 2.7°), was adequate for batch 2. The processing of batch 1 in regulation II was effective in separating seeds of higher sanitary quality by rejecting the contaminated ones. RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade fisiológica e sanitária de sementes de coentro beneficiadas em mesa de gravidade. Estudaram-se duas regulagens, sendo I com ângulo X de 3,5° e Y de 3,1° e II 3,9° e 2,7°, e cinco descargas da mesa de gravidade (alta, intermediária alta, intermediária, intermediária baixa e baixa) além da alimentação, arranjados em esquema fatorial 2x6, no delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Foram utilizados dois lotes de sementes de coentro cultivar Verdão e a mesa de gravidade foi ajustada com velocidade do ar de 2,9 m s-1 na plataforma. As frações de sementes descarregadas na parte baixa da mesa de gravidade apresentaram desempenho fisiológico inferior à das demais. A regulagem I (ângulo X de 3,5° e Y de 3,1°) foi adequada para o beneficiamento das sementes de coentro do lote 1 e a regulagem II (ângulo X de 3,9° e Y de 2,7°), para o lote 2. O beneficiamento do lote 1 na regulagem II foi eficiente na separação de sementes com melhor qualidade sanitária, pela remoção de sementes contaminadas.

Comprehensive assessments of global glacier mass changes based on a variety of observations and prevailing methodologies have been published at multi-annual intervals. For the years in between, the glaciological method provides annual observations of specific mass changes but is suspected to not be representative at the regional to global scales due to uneven glacier distribution with respect to the full sample. Here, we present a simple approach to estimate and correct for this bias in the glaciological sample and, hence, to provide an ad hoc estimate of global glacier mass changes and corresponding sea-level equivalents for the latest years, i.e. about -300±250 Gt in 2016/17 and -500±200 Gt in 2017/18.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the drying system using a dryer with furnace automatically fed with eucalyptus chips and another dryer manually fed with eucalyptus firewood, as well as assessing the quality of corn grains. Harvest was mechanically performed and the grains were transported by trucks to the storage unit for drying. Corn grain drying was conducted in mixed-flow dryers with a nominal capacity of 100 tons per hour. For air heating, two direct-fired furnaces were used, one automatically fed with eucalyptus chips and the other manually fed with firewood. Corn grains were evaluated for moisture content, apparent specific mass, thousand-grain weight, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), electrical conductivity and color. Drying corn grains with direct fire using firewood or chips as fuel causes contamination by PAHs. In general, the use of firewood or chips did not influence the quality of thousand-grain weight, apparent specific mass and color, while the use of chips increased electrical conductivity. It is essential that research advances in this subject, prioritizing the contamination of food, with proven carcinogenic activity, which should be treated as a high risk to public health.

The mean specific mass balance of a glacier represents the direct link between a glacier and the local climate. Hence, it is intensively monitored throughout the world. In the Kyrgyz Tien Shan, glaciers are of crucial importance with regard to water supply for the surrounding areas. It is therefore essential to know how these glaciers behave due to climate change and how they will evolve in the future. In the Soviet era, multiple glaciological monitoring programs were initiated but these were abandoned in the nineties. Recently, they have been re-established on several glaciers. In this study, a reconstruction of the mean specific mass balance of Bordu, Kara-Batkak and Sary-Tor glaciers is obtained using a surface energy mass balance model. The model is driven by temperature and precipitation data acquired by combining multiple datasets from meteorological stations in the vicinity of the glaciers and tree rings in the Kyrgyz Tien Shan between 1750 and 2020. Multi-annual mass balance measurements integrated over elevation bands of 100 m between 2013 and 2020 are used for calibration. A comparison with WGMS data for the second half of the 20th century is performed for Kara-Batkak glacier. The cumulative mass balances are also compared with geodetic mass balances reconstructed for different time periods. Generally, we find a close agreement, indicating a high confidence in the created mass balance series. The last 20 years show a negative mean specific mass balance except for 2008–2009 when a slightly positive mass balance was found. This indicates that the glaciers are currently in imbalance with the present climatic conditions in the area. For the reconstruction back to 1750, this study specifically highlights that it is essential to adapt the glacier geometry since the end of the Little Ice Age in order to not over- or underestimate the mean specific mass balance. The datasets created can be used to get a better insight into how climate change affects glaciers in the Inner Tien Shan and to model the future evolution of these glaciers as well as other glaciers in the region.

RESUMO: O objetivo deste é determinar o percentual de substituição de cimento por resíduos de mármores/granitos (RMG) das marmorarias na fabricação de concreto autoadensável (CAA). A metodologia adotada foi a realização de vários ensaios laboratoriais: de caracterização; das propriedades reológicas, mecânicas, físicas e químicas do CAA. Foram aplicados dois superplastificantes, sulfonado e polimérico. Os agregados foram caracterizados por ensaios de granulometria, massa específica; massa unitária em estado solto; e massa unitária em estado compactado. Os RMG foram submetidos a ensaio de massa específica e análise de Fluorescência de Raios X. Como ensaios reológicos foram realizados: Espalhamento, T500, Funil V e Caixa L; e Ensaios de Resistência à Compressão e à Flexão, Absorção, Índice de Vazios, Massa Específica e análise de Reação Álcali Agregado (RAA), no estado endurecido. Os resultados mostraram-se eficazes com até 30% de substituição do cimento por RMG. No estado fresco esse CAA atendeu aos requisitos da NBR 15823 (ABNT, 2010), se comportando como concreto adequado para utilização nas aplicações correntes. No estado endurecido apresentou resistência à compressão de 35 MPa e resistência à flexão de 7,0 MPa, satisfazendo a NBR 15805 (ABNT, 2010), podendo também ser utilizado na produção de pavimentos de concreto e assim contribuindo para a redução de resíduos espalhados nas empresas, diminuição de danos ao meio ambiente e trazendo economia para a obtenção de CAA.

According to the technology of harvesting flax stock and under the conditions of transporting rolls from the field to the places of raw storage or to the points of their primary processing, along with other transportation means tractor and transportation units consisting of tractor of various classes and tractor trailers of the corresponding load-carrying capacity and tractor trains are used. During the research the trailers were divided into 2 groups. The first group consisted of the trailers produced in the factories of the former Soviet Union and the second group comprised trailers produced abroad. The samples of the 1st and 2nd groups included 15 and 21 trailer models each. The correlation between their nominal load-carrying capacity and mass of transportation means was accepted as the specific mass of trailers. The variation scale of the nominal load-carrying capacity of trailers from the 1st and 2nd groups amounted to 2-13 and 5-24 t respectively, the mean arithmetic values and average deviation amounting to 6.0 and 3.3 13.2 and 6.0 t respectively. The variation scale of the mass of trailers from the 1st and 2nd groups amounts to 0.7-6.34 and 1.2-7.1 t respectively, and their mean arithmetic values and mean square deviations being 2.8 and 3.6 2.1 and 1.6 t accorder to the same sequence. The specific load-carrying capacity of the 1st group trailers varied from 1.85 to 2.83, and of the 2nd group-from 3.38 to 5.50. The mean arithmetic value and the square mean deviation of the 1st division group of trailers amounted to 2.27 and 0.30, and of the 2nd group of trailers-from 4.29 to 0.58 respectively. According to the specified Student-ttest and Fisher’s ration-test criteria the compared totalities of the specific load-carrying capacity of tractor trailers of various producers prove statistically different in both mean arithmetic values and dispersions. Between the specific load-carrying capacity of tractor trailers of the 1st and 2nd groups and their mass one can reveal the negative correlation amounting to minus 0.701 and minus 0.434 respectively. It has been found out that depending on the mass of trailers the change in the specific weight of their load-carrying capacity can be presented by the equations of negative slope-intercept form of the equation of a straight line. As for the trailers produced in the factories of the former Soviet Union and abroad, the equation absolute terms were 2.63 and 4.78 respectively. The slope-intercept forms of the equation amounted to 0.133 and 0.153 respectively. Taking into account the equation absolute members one can indirectly maintain that on the average the specific loadcarrying capacity of trailers of foreign production as compared to domestic production trailers. A 1.82 times higher. The above must be taken into account when designing and producing tractor trailers with the aim of decreasing their materials and metal specific consumption that will contribute to their eco-oriented use under transporting load in general, and flax stock in particular

A new simple, selective, highly sensitive, specific (stability indicating), robust, rugged and mass compatible gas chromatographic method and sample with direct injection-mode was developed for the quantitative determination of amino-3-piperidine (3-aminopiperidine, 3-AMP) in linagliptin. As the CAD-LC method did not proved for specificity and pre-derivitizations are challenging task for quality control (QC), a simple GC method has been developed. Compared to LC-CAD method, which is not proved for specificity and pre-column derivitization methods having the limitations to analyze the reaction monitoring in-process samples and degradation samples, the present method is selective, simple, cost effective, QC friendly, widely available GC technique with direct injection and high in sensitivity. Also this method is mass compatible, specificity proved by forced degradation, method was validated as per ICH guidelines. Mass balance was proved by analyzing the stressed samples for net degradation by HPLC and assay by HPLC methods. This GC method also provides an advantage to analyze the in-process samples to monitor the progress of the synthetic process, where the reaction monitoring samples are unpurified or non-isolated samples and contains many process related impurities (reference) and solvents, which will have interference with 3-AMP in LC-CAD and pre-column derivitization methods. This method involves simple sample preparation process and direct injection with GC-FID technique. Hence, this method can be used to analyze the finished product samples, degradation samples, stability samples and reaction monitoring samples. The method was developed with widely available GC column (diphenyl dimethyl polysiloxane as stationary phase, 30 m length, 0.53 mm internal diameter & 5.0 μm thickness), helium as carries gas, FID detector set at 240 ºC, column oven starts at 200 ºC and starts increases after 2 min with 20 ºC/min and holds up to 11 min, which will ensure the column bake. The solvents used for the process were well separated from 3-AMP peak. Mass balance was reported > 99%. The limit of quantification and limit of detection values for 3-AMP were 0.002% (0.4 μg/mL) and 0.007% (1.4 μg/mL) of targeted concentration (20 mg/mL), respectively. The method was precise at LOQ and at specification level with %RSD values 2.8 and 4.7, respectively. Linearity was established in the range of 0.0014 mg/mL (LOQ) to 0.045 mg/mL for 3-AMP with correlation coefficient (r2 > 0.9995). The percentage recoveries were obtained between 99.9% and 104.4%. The range of the method was established from LOQ (0.0014 mg/mL) to 150% (0.045 mg/mL) of the specification targeted limit of 0.15% (0.03 mg/mL). The standard and spiked sample solutions were studied up to 2 days and are stable at room temperature. The forced degradation studies were performed by using HCl, NaOH, H2O2 thermal, UV radiation and water. A mild degradation bout 0.25% was observed in base degradation condition, which was confirmed with mass number by GC-MS analysis. Validation parameters were evaluated according to the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) Q2 guidelines.

The purpose of this research is to compare the diagnostic results of basic ultrasound-guided needle biopsy (USCNB) versus biopsy-guided biopsy for suspicious microscopic calcifications and to assess the usefulness of USCNB in diagnosing microscopic calcifications by comparing histological results according to the results whether or not lesions exist on Ultrasound. Retrospectively, we reviewed 178 cases of suspected partial calcification of mammography without a specific mass in 158 patients underwent biopsy-guided images. Patients with US-CNB (n = 47) and ultrasound-guided biopsy (US-LEB) (n = 72), and those with invisible lesions in the United States underwent an X-ray biopsy (MG-LEB) (n = 32) and vacuum-assisted biopsy (S-VAB) (n = 27). The results of x-ray mammography were analyzed and false negative rates were evaluated. Histological diagnosis, breast imaging reports and Data Classification System (BI-RADS) were evaluated. Of all lesions, 119 of 178 (66.9%) were visible to the United States. US vision was more frequently associated with malignant tumors (27.7% vs. 11.9%, P = 0.012) and with the highest BI-RADS category (32.8% vs.15.3%, P = 0.019). The overall false negative rate was 10.0% (4/40). Three of the four erroneous negative outcomes occurred in US-CNB and 1 in SVAB. The frequency of the malignant tumor was significantly higher in the visible microscopic calcifications in the United States that were within a cluster or associated with duct dilatation (72.7% vs. 17.5%, P

The influence of the corrosive environment on strength characteristics of heat-resistant alloys at high temperatures is discussed. The results of corrosion tests for two heat-resistant nickelbased alloys simulating the processes of alloy sulfide-oxide corrosion during operation are presented. Extrapolated values of specific mass changes for 5000 h at temperatures of 600–750 °C were determined using the mathematical models obtained for tests lasted up to 1000 h.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate changes in selected quality traits of chicken table eggs during their storage under standard storage conditions and in refrigeration. Design/methodology/approach The sample consisted of 570 eggs from Hy-Line hens. The eggs were placed on trays of 30 pieces each, and then group C (control) eggs were stored at 14°C temperature and 70 per cent humidity and group F (experimental) eggs were refrigerated at 5°C and 30 per cent humidity. Changes in egg mass and air cell depth were measured on the laying day and, then, after every 7 days for 5 weeks for group C and for up to 24 weeks for group F. Initially for every week and then after every four weeks, the quality of 30 eggs from each group was evaluated. The following traits were analysed: whole egg (mass, specific gravity), shell (conductivity, strength, mass, thickness, and density) and content (proportions, pH, albumen quality and yolk colour). Findings It was shown that due to a significant limitation of qualitative changes (lower water loss, higher specific mass, lower shell conductivity, better albumen quality, lower pH content, more favourable proportions of morphological elements) in eggs stored in refrigeration despite prolonged time, reduced temperature should be considered as a factor allowing for a significant prolongation of egg shelf life during storage. Originality/value The unusually elongated time of the experiment allows for a practical implementation of the results, especially in the case of eggs intended for processing.

Numerical simulations of experiments (Shumikhin et al., 2014) on the fragmentation of aluminum spheres with diameter of 6.35 mm on single steel-mesh bumpers of different specific mass are carried out in the present work. Specific mass of the mesh bumpers in these experiments was varied by changing the diameter of the wire from which was woven the mesh. The spatial distribution of fragments, their mass and kinetic energy (KE) are determined. The results of the numerical simulations are in good agreement with the experimental data showing that the cloud of fragments composes of two morphologically distinct groups of fragments, which differ greatly in mass: the central group, consisting mainly of four large fragments, and four groups of linearly-distributed chains of smaller fragments. The numerical simulations in agreement with the experiments show that KE of the central group of fragments decreases relative to the total KE of the fragments cloud with increasing the specific mass of the mesh, while the relative KE of other smaller fragments increases.

In a grain pile there is material other than grain including poisonous ergot sclerotia. Grain and sclerotia of ergot by linear dimensions and speed of soaring have similar characteristics. Complete separation of grain from ergot by these properties in a single process is impossible. Cleaning seeds from ergot sclerotia with the specific mass less than the specific mass of grain is possible in a salt solution. To mechanize the separation of ergot sclerotia from rye seeds by the wet method, there is an urgent need in the development of an appropriate device. Under study was an immersion in water (ρzh = 1.0∙103 kg/m3 ) and aqueous solutions of sodium chloride (NaCl) with a specific mass ρzh = 1.09∙103 and 1.15∙103 kg/m3 of individual rye grains with their specific mass ρz = 1.2...1.5∙103 kg/m3 , length lz = 5.0...10.0 10-3 m, width в = 1.4...3.6∙10-3 m and thickness δ = 1.2...3.5∙10-3 m. Theoretical studies were carried out on the basis of mathematical modeling methods using the laws of hydrodynamics, which were confirmed by experimental studies with winter rye grains of the Falenskaya 4 variety with a specific mass ρz = 1.1...1.3 103 kg/m3 , length lz = 5.0...8.0∙10-3 m, width в = 1.4...3.6∙10-3 m and thickness δ = 1.2...3.5∙10-3 m. It has been established that the calculated values of the immersion velocity of cylindrical kernels and spheroidal kernels in comparison with the experimental values in water (ρzh = 1.0∙103 kg/m3 ) is not more than 2%, and in aqueous solutions of sodium chloride (NaCl) the specific mass ρzh = 1.09∙103 and 1.15∙103 kg/m3 – 7 and 10%, respectively. This approach to determining the speed of immersion of grain in liquid can be used in the development of the machine for cleaning grain according to specific mass using wet method to substantiate its structural and technological parameters.

Globular clusters (GCs) display anomalous light element abundances (HeCNONaMgAl), resembling the yields of hot-hydrogen burning, but there is no consensus yet on the origin of these ubiquitous multiple populations. We present a model in which a super-massive star (SMS, >10^3 Msun) forms via stellar collisions during GC formation and pollutes the intra-cluster medium. The growth of the SMS finds a balance with the wind mass loss rate, such that the SMS can produce a significant fraction of the total GC mass in processed material, thereby overcoming the so-called mass-budget problem that plagues other models. Because of continuous rejuvenation, the SMS acts as a `conveyer-belt' of hot-hydrogen burning yields with (relatively) low He abundances, in agreement with empirical constraints. Additionally, the amount of processed material per unit of GC mass correlates with GC mass, addressing the specific mass budget problem. We discuss uncertainties and tests of this new self-enrichment scenario., 4 pages, to appear in proceedings of IAUS351 "Star Clusters: from the Milky Way to the Early Universe"

Tissues of fresh vegetables are characterized by the high quantity of moisture (80…96 %), active metabolism, low resistance to mechanical lesions, are spoiled fast. Metabolism in cells of tissues, so mass losses, depends on the content of water and dry substances. It is impossible to manage abiotic factors under conditions of open soil. So, there appears a necessity to study the influence of abiotic factors on the process of mass decrease at cauliflower storage that gives a possibility to prognosticate its mass losses and aptitude to storage. The aim of the study was to analyze the influence of weather conditions of the vegetation period of cauliflower, volume, specific mass and porosity of heads and packing methods on the intensity of natural mass losses of cauliflower at storage. The research gives a possibility to decrease natural losses of cauliflower heads and to prolong the storage duration of it. Cauliflower mass losses at the expanse of water evaporation depend on weather conditions of the vegetation period of the plant. It has been established, that there is a middle force reverse connection with the coefficient correlation r=–0,465 between the intensity of water evaporation at cauliflower heads storage and GTC, middle force connection with the coefficient correlation r=0,437 – with the average day temperature, and strong reverse connection r=–0,776 with the relative air humidity. There was elaborated the regression equation that gives an understanding about mass losses of cauliflower heads, packed in PF, at the expanse of water evaporation. The intensity of water evaporation of cauliflower at storage depends on package method. At packing in a stretch-film (SF), the intensity of moisture decrease, % a day, was the least, equal to 0,30–0,31. The ratio between moisture losses to ones of dry substances was 0,45–0,68. At packing in a performed stretch-film (PSF), the intensity of moisture decrease, % a day, was higher a little – 0,37–0,43. The more storage duration of cauliflower of late ripeness was provided by individual packing of heads in a polyethylene stretch-film. This packing type provided less total natural losses of products: in Skywoker F1– 6,0 %, in KasperF1and SantamariaF1– 6,3 %. Natural losses for a day in variants with using a stretch-film were within 0,05–0,06 % depending on hybrid.

Research that focuses on incorporating recyclable materials in the production of construction elements and components is important to reduce the consumption of non-renewable natural resources. The objective is to demonstrate the technical feasibility of producing a dry concrete mixture with the incorporation of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) residues for the manufacture of simple hollow concrete blocks. The following methodological steps were taken: dosage study, made specimens with dry concrete replacing the sand with PET residue in the percentages of 0, 5, 10, and 15%; evaluation of the physical and mechanical properties of the specimens; production of reference blocks and with sand replacement by PET flakes; and, evaluation of the blocks physical and mechanical properties. The progressive introduction of PET in the cementitious matrix of the concrete increased the water absorption and voids index in the surveyed traces, as well as reduced the specific mass and compression resistance. The blocks attended the dimensional and physical requirements. To meet the minimum resistance, the percentage of incorporation of PET in the block must be reduced to 7%. It is demonstrated that PET recycling is technically feasible for the production of concrete blocks, avoiding their destination to illegal areas or landfills, contributing to urban sustainability.

Comprehensive assessment of the long-term mass balance (40 years) has been performed for Patsio glacier located in Bhaga river basin in the Great Himalayan region. The temperature-index approach has been employed for generating the time-series of annual specific mass balance of 25 years (1993–2018) using Snow and Avalanche Study Establishment (SASE) field observatory data in Patsio region. Results based on observational data showed nearly balanced condition until the year 1999 (+0.03 m.w.e/yr), followed by an accelerated rate of mass loss during the period 2000–2007 (−0.17 m.w.e./yr). This was evident due to the annual rise (+0.7°C) in the temperature and drop (−122 mm) in the amount of precipitation during 2000–2007. A slight drop in the mass balance (−0.14 m.w.e/yr) was observed during the past decade (2008–2018) which was well supported by in-situ climate observations and published geodetic results in the region. The altitudinal distribution of modelled mass balance was observed well in correlation with the glaciological measurements for the periods 2010–2011 and 2011–2012. Further, seasonal sensitivity characteristic (SSC) was developed for the glacier illustrating the dependence of specific mass balance on monthly anomalies in temperature and precipitation. The developed SSC was used with bias-corrected temperature and precipitation estimates from recently released ERA5 reanalysis to reconstruct annual specific mass balance during since 1979s.