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An unprecedented thunderstorm ground enhancement (TGE) event was recorded on May 23, 2023, at Aragats Mountain, the highest peak in Armenia. This event showcased a maximum flux intensity surpassing 3 million particles per minute per square meter for energies above 0.4 MeV. Distinctly, the fluence of the event was measured at approximately ≈700 particles/cm2. The comprehensive instrumentation at the Aragats research station, including a suite of spectrometers and detectors, enabled precise cross-correlation of measurements. The electron flux at energies exceeding 10 MeV was observed at roughly ≈55,000 particles per minute per square meter. Additional measurements, including cloud base heights and corona discharge detections, validated the intensity of the electric field, reaching approximately 2.1 kV/cm at elevations 50–100 m above ground level. Our observations confirm that TGE is a universal and significant atmospheric event, contributing a substantial flux of high-energy electrons to the global electrical circuit. Integrating such TGE phenomena into Earth's numerical models is imperative, considering their impact on aviation and aerospace operation safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The terahertz frequency region of the electromagnetic spectrum is crucial for understanding the formation and evolution of galaxies and stars throughout the universe's history, as well as the process of planet formation. Detecting the unique spectral signatures of molecules and atoms requires terahertz spectrometers, which must be operated in space observatories due to water vapor absorption in the Earth's atmosphere. However, current terahertz spectrometers face challenges such as low resolution, limited bandwidth, large volume, and complexity. In this paper, the issues of size and weight are addressed by demonstrating a concept for a centimeter‐sized, low‐weight terahertz spectrometer using a metasurface. The design of the metasurface spectrometer is first discussed for the 1.85 to 2.4 THz range, followed by its fabrication. Next, an array of quantum cascade lasers operating at slightly different frequencies around 2.1 THz is utilized to characterize the spectrometer. Finally, a spectrum inversion method is applied to analyze the measured data, confirming a resolution R (λ/Δλ) of at least 273. This concept can be extended to other application areas, such as planetary observations and various wavelengths in the far‐infrared (FIR) and near‐infrared (NIR) ranges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With advancements in technology, scientists are delving deeper in their explorations of the universe. Integral field spectrograph (IFS) play a significant role in investigating the physical properties of supermassive black holes at the centers of galaxies, the nuclei of galaxies, and the star formation processes within galaxies, including under extreme conditions such as those present in galaxy mergers, ultra-low-metallicity galaxies, and star-forming galaxies with strong feedback. IFS transform the spatial field into a linear field using an image slicer and obtain the spectra of targets in each spatial resolution element through a grating. Through scientific processing, two-dimensional images for each target band can be obtained. IFS use concave gratings as dispersion systems to decompose the polychromatic light emitted by celestial bodies into monochromatic light, arranged linearly according to wavelength. In this experiment, the working environment of a star was simulated in the laboratory to facilitate the wavelength calibration of the space integral field spectrometer. Tools necessary for the calibration process were also explored. A mercury–argon lamp was employed as the light source to extract characteristic information from each pixel in the detector, facilitating the wavelength calibration of the spatial IFS. The optimal peak-finding method was selected by contrasting the center of weight, polynomial fitting, and Gaussian fitting methods. Ultimately, employing the 4FFT-LMG algorithm to fit Gaussian curves enabled the determination of the spectral peak positions, yielding wavelength calibration coefficients for a spatial IFS within the range of 360 nm to 600 nm. The correlation of the fitting results between the detector pixel positions and corresponding wavelengths was >99.99%. The calibration accuracy during wavelength calibration was 0.0067 nm, reaching a very high level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to quantitatively analyze the combustion process of a boron/ethanol nanofuel droplet through optical and spectroscopic observations. Boron nanoparticles were added to ethanol at concentrations of 0 %, 2 %, 4 %, and 6 % by weight. Experiments were conducted under atmospheric pressure, and the droplet diameter was controlled at 1.1 ± 0.1 mm. Results indicated that the combustion of the boron nanofuel droplet was similar to that of the 0 wt.% boron nanofuel droplets at the beginning of the experiment, but the former actively combusted as the experiment progressed. Mass ejections, such as puffing and microexplosions, were observed at the late stage of combustion. Spectroscopic measurements revealed that boron oxide emissions were predominant at the late stage of droplet combustion, and this emission trend varied with changes in the boron concentration. Photomultiplier tube data obtained through a bandpass filter of 550 nm demonstrated temporal intensity fluctuations during combustion. The overall signal intensity was enhanced by high boron concentrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Volume-phase holographic gratings are suitable for use in greenhouse gas detection imaging spectrometers, enabling the detection instruments to achieve high spectral resolution, high signal-to-noise ratios, and high operational efficiency. However, when utilized in the infrared wavelength band with high dispersion requirements, gratings struggle to meet the demands for low polarization sensitivity due to changes in diffraction performance caused by phase delays in the incidence of light waves with distinct polarization states, and current methods for designing bulk-phase holographic gratings require a large number of calculations that complicate the balance of diffraction properties. To overcome this problem, a design method for transmissive bulk-phase holographic gratings is proposed in this study. The proposed method combines two diffraction theories (namely, Kogelnik coupled-wave theory and rigorous coupled-wave theory) and establishes a parameter optimization sequence based on the influence of design parameters on diffraction characteristics. Kogelnik coupled-wave theory is employed to establish the initial Bragg angle range, ensuring that the diffraction efficiency and phase delay of the grating thickness curve meet the requirements for incident light waves in various polarization states. Utilizing rigorous coupled-wave theory, we optimize grating settings based on criteria such as a center wavelength diffraction efficiency greater than 95%, polarization sensitivity less than 10%, maximum bandwidth, and spectral diffraction efficiency exceeding 80%. The ideal grating parameters are ultimately determined, and the manufacturing tolerances for various grating parameters are analyzed. The design results show that the grating stripe frequency is 1067 lines per millimeter, and the diffraction efficiencies of TE and TM waves are 96% and 99.89%, respectively. The diffraction efficiency of unpolarized light is more than 88% over the whole spectral range with an average efficiency of 94.49%, an effective bandwidth of 32 nm, and a polarization sensitivity of less than 7%. These characteristics meet the performance requirements for dispersive elements based on greenhouse gas detection, the spectral resolution of the detection instrument is up to 0.1 nm, and the signal-to-noise ratio and working efficiency are improved by increasing the transmittance of the instrument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identifying the boundary between the tooth and the resin-based composite (RBC) is difficult when replacing restorations. Ultraviolet (UV) light has been reported to assist the viewer by causing the RBC to fluoresce. Using a laboratory-grade fiberoptic spectrometer, 46 RBCs were exposed to UV light from the Woodpecker O-Star curing light. The opalescence and fluorescence were measured relative to a human tooth that contained just dentin and a tooth that contained both enamel and dentin. After these quantitative measurements, 10 RBCs with large differences in light emittance were compared qualitatively to assess their brightness when exposed to UV light compared to the dentin specimen and the specimen containing both enamel and dentin. It was found that, when exposed to UV light, some of the RBCs were less bright compared to the two samples of teeth used for comparison, but most were brighter; some were up to six times brighter. The filler appears to affect the opalescence peaks, while the resin appears to affect the fluorescence peaks. It was concluded that because RBCs emit very different levels of opalescence and fluorescence, UV light from the Woodpecker O-Star cannot be relied upon to detect all brands of RBC on the tooth. The opalescence and fluorescence can also be used to detect changes in the formulation of the RBC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of the integration, commissioning, and in-orbit calibration of the ARGUS 2000 SWIR wavelength spectrometer onboard the Colombian FACSAT-2 satellite, Colombia's first satellite used for the measurement of greenhouse gases (GHG). The satellite has been in orbit for approximately one year, gathering spectral signatures in order to characterize the data and perform calibration. The calibration represents a certain behavior following a second-order adjustment. For data analysis, retrieval algorithms have been developed to obtain synthetic spectra using the Genspect 1.2 software code. These synthetic spectra were obtained from the spectroscopic data associated with atmospheric gases (H2O, O2, CO, and CO2), which are stored in the HITRAN database. Attempting to achieve a more accurate simulation of the experimental spectrum, certain instrumental parameters have been incorporated into the synthetic spectrum, including the resolution of the spectrometer, the field of view (FOV) angle of observation, the limited quantum efficiency of detection, and the slit function. As a result, six slit functions were tested, with the Gaussian and the diffraction functions proving to be the most effective. Finally, a profile of Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) concentrations was used for comparison with a spectral signature acquired by FACSAT-2, resulting in a close match between the synthetic spectrum and the measured spectrum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spectral confocal sensors are effective for measuring displacements. The core of the spectral confocal measurement system is a dispersive objective lens that uses optical dispersion to establish a one-to-one correspondence between the focusing position and wavelength, achieving high-resolution measurements in the longitudinal direction. Despite significant progress in dispersive objective lenses for spectral confocal sensor systems, challenges such as a limited dispersion range, high cost, and insufficient measurement accuracy persist. To expand the measurement range and improve the accuracy of the spectral confocal sensor, we designed a compact, long-axial dispersion objective lens. This lens has a simple structure that requires only six lens elements, two of which form cemented doublets. The system length is 58 mm, with a working distance of 46 ± 6 mm and a dispersion range of 12 mm within the wavelength range of 450–656 nm. The lens has an object-side numerical aperture (NA) of 0.22 and an image-side NA between 0.198 and 0.24, ensuring high light energy utilization. Finally, a spectral confocal measurement system was constructed based on the designed dispersive objective lens, and performance evaluation tests were conducted. The test results showed that the system achieved a resolution of 0.15 μm and a maximum linear error of ±0.7 μm, demonstrating high-precision measurement capabilities. The proposed lens design enables the development of more portable and cost-effective spectral confocal sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a method that can predict the interface width in an overlapping joint configuration for laser welding of Al alloys using sensors and a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based deep-learning model. The inputs for multi-input CNN-based deep-learning prediction models are spectral signals, represented by the light intensity measured by a spectrometer and dynamic images of the molten pool filmed by a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera. The interface width, used as learning data for modeling, was constructed as a database along with the process signal by cross-sectional analysis. In this study, we present results showing high accuracy in predicting the interface width in the overlap joint configuration for Al alloy laser welding. For predicting the interface width, five models are created and compared: a single CCD and spectrometer sensor algorithm, a multi-sensor algorithm with two input variables (CCD, spectrometer), a multi-sensor algorithm excluding the processing beam in the spectrometer data on the combination of Al 6014-T4 (top)/Al 6014-T4 (bottom), and a multi-sensor algorithm applied to the combination of Al 6014-T4 (top)/Al 5052-H32 (bottom). The multi-sensor algorithm with two input variables (CCD and spectrometer) on the same material combination showed the highest accuracy among the models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, three photovoltaic (PV) cooling systems are examined. The three cooling systems are (1) a PV frontside passive air (FPA) cooling system that relies on the chimney effect of air to cool the PV module, (2) a PV frontside active water (FAW) cooling where water flows in frontside of the PV panel, and (3) a PV backside active water (BAW) cooling system where water flows in a heatsink (collector) attached to the backside of the PV module. While comparing to the standalone PV, the FPA, FAW and BAW systems have cooled the PV surface temperature by 2.1, 22.4 and 17.8 °C, respectively. The FPA and BAW systems improved the PV electric efficiency by 0.84 and 6.86%, respectively; while, the FAW system degraded the PV efficiency by 26.27 % . The spectrometer measurement showed that the plexiglass and water thickness significantly lower the transmission of ultraviolet and visible light waves to the PV module. In contrast, the FAW system produced water with higher thermal content than that of the BAW system. The results show that to maximize electrical power output, BAW system is recommended, while to maximize thermal energy collection, FAW system is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hyperspectral detection of the change rate of organic matter content in agricultural remote sensing requires a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). However, due to the large number and efficiency limitation of the components, it is difficult to improve the SNR. This study uses high-efficiency convex grating with a diffraction efficiency exceeding 50% across the 360–850 nm range, a back-illuminated Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) detector with a 95% efficiency in peak wavelength, and silver-coated mirrors to develop an imaging spectrometer for detecting soil organic matter (SOM). The designed system meets the spectral resolution of 10 nm in the 360–850 nm range and achieves a swath of 100 km and a spatial resolution of 100 m at an orbital height of 648.2 km. This study also uses the basic structure of Offner with fewer components in the design and sets the mirrors of the Offner structure to have the same sphere, which can achieve the rapid adjustment of the co-standard. This study performs a theoretical analysis of the developed Offner imaging spectrometer based on the classical Rowland circular structure, with a 21.8 mm slit length; simulates its capacity for suppressing the +2nd-order diffraction stray light with the filter; and analyzes the imaging quality after meeting the tolerance requirements, which is combined with the surface shape characteristics of the high-efficiency grating. After this test, the grating has a diffraction efficiency above 50%, and the silver-coated mirrors have a reflection value above 95% on average. Finally, the laboratory tests show that the SNR over the waveband exceeds 300 and reaches 800 at 550 nm, which is higher than some current instruments in orbit for soil observation. The proposed imaging spectrometer has a spectral resolution of 10 nm, and its modulation transfer function (MTF) is greater than 0.23 at the Nyquist frequency, making it suitable for remote sensing observation of SOM change rate. The manufacture of such a high-efficiency broadband grating and the development of the proposed instrument with high energy transmission efficiency can provide a feasible technical solution for observing faint targets with a high SNR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In modern scientific practice, it is necessary to consistently observe predetermined zones, with the expectation of detecting and identifying emerging targets or events inside such areas. This research presents an innovative imaging spectrometer system for the continuous monitoring of specific areas. This study begins by providing detailed information on the features and optical structure of the constructed instrument. This is then followed by simulations using optical design tools. The device has an F-number of 5, a focal length of 100 mm, a field of view of 3 × 7, and a wavelength range spanning from 400 nm to 600 nm. The optical path diagram demonstrates that the system's dispersion and imaging pictures can be distinguished, hence fulfilling the system's specifications. Furthermore, the utilization of a Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) graph has substantiated that the image quality indeed satisfies the specified criteria. To evaluate the instrument's performance in the spectrum observation of fixed regions, a region-monitoring-type slitless imaging spectrometer was built. The equipment has the capability to identify a specific region and rapidly capture the spectra of objects or events that are present inside that region. The spectral data were collected effectively by the implementation of image processing techniques on the captured photos. The correlation coefficient between these data and the reference data was 0.9226, showing that the device successfully measured the target's spectrum. Therefore, the instrument that was created successfully demonstrated its ability to capture images of the observed areas and collect spectral data from the targets located within those regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many superconducting on-chip filter-banks suffer from poor coupling to the detectors behind each filter. This is a problem intrinsic to the commonly used half-wavelength filter, which has a maximum theoretical coupling of 50 %. In this paper, we introduce a phase-coherent filter, called a directional filter, which has a theoretical coupling of 100 %. In order to study and compare different types of filter-banks, we first analyze the measured filter frequency scatter, losses, and spectral resolution of a DESHIMA 2.0 filter-bank chip. Based on measured fabrication tolerances and losses, we adapt the input parameters for our circuit simulations, quantitatively reproducing the measurements. We find that the frequency scatter is caused by nanometer-scale line width variations and that variances in the spectral resolution is caused by losses in the dielectric only. Finally, we include these realistic parameters in a full filter-bank model and simulate a wide range of spectral resolutions and oversampling values. For all cases, the directional filter-bank has significantly higher coupling to the detectors than the half-wave resonator filter-bank. The directional filter eliminates the need to use oversampling as a method to improve the total efficiency, instead capturing nearly all the power remaining after dielectric losses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wetlands play an essential role in the global greenhouse gas budget via carbon dioxide sequestration as well as methane emission. In recent decades, solar‐induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) has been recognized as a remotely sensed proxy of gross primary productivity (GPP), which generates substrates for methane production. To examine the suitability of SIF for estimation of these two fluxes, we conducted ground tower‐based SIF observation with an ultrafine‐resolution spectroradiometer in conjunction with eddy covariance measurement in a cool‐temperate bog. The daily SIF retrieved in the red (687 nm) and far‐red (760 nm) bands (SIFred and SIFfar‐red, respectively) increased nonlinearly with GPP and linearly with absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (APAR). The relatively weak correlation between apparent SIF yield (ΦSIF = SIF/APAR) and light use efficiency implied that both APAR and plant physiology constrained the SIF emission in this wetland. The SIFred/SIFfar‐red ratio showed a significant negative relationship with vegetation greenness indices, and the similar seasonal variation in SIFred and SIFfar‐red indicated that the SIFred reabsorption effect only weakly influenced the SIFred–GPP relationship. Episodic temporal reduction in the water table did not distinctly influence SIF and ΦSIF. Estimation of the methane emission rate was subtly improved by incorporating SIF, which was substituted for GPP as the methanogenesis substrate, in a multivariable regression analysis together with two environmental factors: soil temperature and water table depth. This study illustrates the potential of both SIFred and SIFfar‐red to monitor GPP and to predict methane emission in wetlands. Plain Language Summary: Wetlands play a crucial role in the carbon cycle on Earth, involving both storing carbon and releasing methane. A small energy emission from plants, known as solar‐induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF), is a recent discovery that serves as a signal for plant productivity. It's a useful tool for tracking plant productivity. This study was conducted in a cool‐temperate bog, and we found that daily SIF measurements increased differently with plant growth and sunlight absorption. This suggests that both sunlight and plant health affect SIF in wetlands. The study also showed that SIF measurements could be useful for monitoring plant growth and predicting methane emissions in wetlands. To make these predictions better, we combined SIF with information about the environment, like soil temperature and water depth. Overall, this research highlights the potential of using SIF measurements to keep an eye on plant growth and predict methane emissions in wetlands. Key Points: Chlorophyll fluorescence in the 687 and 760 nm bands (SIFred and SIFfar‐red) has promise as a photosynthesis proxy in temperate bogsThe simple canopy structure of the wetland plant community contributed to a weak reabsorption effect of SIFredMethane prediction improved subtly with incorporation of solar‐induced chlorophyll fluorescence and environmental factors in a multivariable regression model [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Square Kilometer Array Reconfigurable Application Board (SKARAB) is a Xilinx Virtex-7 FPGA-based platform designed for the MeerKAT array, to be used for both F- and X/B-engines. The MeerKAT F-engine receives digitized data, thus no samplers are required on the SKARAB-based platform. Among the alternative options available, a high-performing ADC mezzanine board can be used in conjunction with the SKARAB, which allows four 1.4-GHz-wide input channels to be digitized and processed. In this paper, we outline how the SKARAB has been successfully used for single-dish applications including imaging, spectroscopy, and spectro-polarimetry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analyzing the isotopic composition of cosmic rays (CRs) provides valuable insights into the galactic environment and helps refine existing propagation models. A particular interest is devoted to secondary-to-primary ratios of light isotopic components of CRs, the measurement of which can provide complementary information with respect to secondary-to-primary ratios like B/C. Given the complexity of the concurrent measurement of velocity and momentum required to differentiate isotopes of the same Z, a task typically accomplished using magnetic spectrometers, existing measurements of these ratios only effectively characterize the low-energy region (below 1 GeV/nucl). This study introduces a novel technique for isotopic distinction in CRs at high energies up to 100 GeV/nucl based on multiple scattering, which, combined with the proposed measurement of velocity, represent an interesting alternative to magnetic spectrometers. The performance of this technique was assessed through a dedicated simulation using the GEANT4 package, with specific emphasis on Z = 1 isotopes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the primary obstacles faced by spectrometers operating under high counting rates is pile-up, which occurs when two or more events are detected within a timelapse short enough to result in a superposition of the events waveforms. These can not hence be integrated separately in order to get their amplitudes. Piled-up events are typically identified using pile-up rejection or recovery algorithms. In the latter case, the constituent single waveforms and their amplitudes are also restored. However, there are instances in which the pulses overlap so closely that it is impossible to identify the occurrence of pile-up, resulting in the integration of these pulses into a single spurious event. This phenomenon is known as degenerate pile-up. A method to rectify the incorrect reconstruction of degenerate pile-up was developed, based on a statistical approach, which can be directly applied to the pulse height spectra distributions. The approach was tested on a number of synthetic spectra, with counting rates ranging from 20 kHz up to 1 MHz. The recovered spectra were compared to those purely analysed with a pile-up recovery algorithm, demonstrating an improvement of the reconstructed spectrum of several tens of percent when compared to the true synthetic counterpart. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel concepts for efficient compact spectroscopy are extensively researched due to their fundamental applications in prominent fields such as chemistry, biology, and physics. Here, with an unprecedented spectral-azimuthal resolution, such a concept is introduced and exemplified in the mid-infrared, in which its advantages are paramount and have yet to be established industrially. The concept is based on the design and instrumentation of optical absorption spectral tuning (or sensitivity) to the relative azimuthal component of light impinging on specifically designed metamaterials (MMs). The inversely-designed MMs offer perfect photo-absorption inside λ0/200 ultra-thin layer of lead telluride. Two small-footprint system designs are proposed to instrument the spectral-azimuth-angle tuning for spectrometry. The first is based on a single or few spinning MM layout elements, and the second, to avoid spinning, utilizes a fixed focal-plane-array approach. The latter exploits the inherent variations in the local azimuthal-incidence angle. While low absorption is the Achilles heel of conventional mid-infrared photodetector spectrometers, the optimized MMs, besides their unique spectral-azimuth-angle tuning functionality, provide giant absorption enhancement, facilitating higher resolution and even smaller in-plane form factor. The highlighted concept opens an additional dimension to encode-decode spectral information, yielding profound advantages over conventional designs, such as those based on diffraction gratings.

Analyzing the isotopic composition of cosmic rays (CRs) provides valuable insights into the galactic environment and helps refine existing propagation models. A particular interest is devoted to secondary-to-primary ratios of light isotopic components of CRs, the measurement of which can provide complementary information with respect to secondary-to-primary ratios like B/C. Given the complexity of the concurrent measurement of velocity and momentum required to differentiate isotopes of the same Z, a task typically accomplished using magnetic spectrometers, existing measurements of these ratios only effectively characterize the low-energy region (below 1 GeV/nucl). This study introduces a novel technique for isotopic distinction in CRs at high energies up to 100 GeV/nucl based on multiple scattering, which, combined with the proposed measurement of velocity, represent an interesting alternative to magnetic spectrometers. The performance of this technique was assessed through a dedicated simulation using the GEANT4 package, with specific emphasis on Z = 1 isotopes.

The propulsion research lab at Utah State University has developed a minimally-intrusive optical sensing system for high-temperature/high-velocity gas-generator exhaust plumes. For this application glass fiber-optic cables, acting as radiation conduits, are inserted through the combustion chamber or nozzle wall and look directly into the flow core. The cable transmits data from the flame zone to externally-mounted spectrometers. In order to capture the full-optical spectrum, a blended dual-spectrum system was employed, with one spectrometer system tuned for best-response across the visible-light and near-infrared spectrum, and one spectrometer tuned for best-response in the near- and mid-infrared spectrum. The dual-band sensors are radiometrically-calibrated and the sensed-spectra are spliced together using an optimal Wiener filtering algorithm to perform the deconvolution. The merged spectrum is subsequently curve-fit to Planck's black-body radiation law, and flame temperature is calculated from associated curve maxima (Wien's law). The presented fiber-optic sensing systems performs a function that is analogous to Raman spectroscopy. The system non-contact, high-temperature measurement, and does not interfere with the heat transfer processes. In this report data collected from a lab-scale (200 N) hybrid rocket system are analyzed using the described method. Optically-sensed flame-temperatures are correlated to analytical predictions, and shown to generally agree within a few degrees. Additionally, local maxima in the optical spectra are shown to correspond to emission frequencies of atomic and molecular oxygen, water vapor, and molecular nitrogen; all species known to exist in the hybrid combustion plume. Presented data demonstrate that selected fiber-optics can survive temperature greater than 3000 ℃, for durations of up to 25 seconds.

Introduction. In modern society, different types of lighting fixtures with a variety of shapes, colours and brightness are widely used. However, not all of them effectively fulfil their functions and can negatively affect human health. Optimal lighting parameters are identified, taking into account safety and energy efficiency. Key aspects include the analysis of the spectra of incandescent, fluorescent and LED lamps using a spectrometer and assessing their impact on the vision and mental health of employees working in an office space through a written survey.Materials and methods. The illuminance, luminous flux and economy of workstations in office premises were analyzed.Results. The analysis of the obtained results allowed to determine the rationality of application of the investigated spectra of different types of lamps. The results of the research will be useful both for specialists and manufacturers in the field of lighting engineering, as well as end users.Conclusions. Recommendations for the use of LED lamps as the main source of lighting in office-type premises are given. These lamps provide an almost uniform spectrum, which creates optimal conditions for vision and reduces the negative impact on mental health. It is proposed to supplement the workspace lighting with individual light sources in the form of desk lamps of a yellowish shade at each employee's workplace. LED lamps are not only energy efficient, but also contribute to the formation of a comfortable and safe working environment.

The X-ray emission spectrometer at SPring-8 BL07LSU has recently been upgraded with advanced modifications that enable the rotation of the spectrometer with respect to the scattering angle. This major upgrade allows the scattering angle to be flexibly changed within the range of 45–135°, which considerably simplifies the measurement of angle-resolved X-ray emission spectroscopy. To accomplish the rotation system, a sophisticated sample chamber and a highly precise spectrometer rotation mechanism have been developed. The sample chamber has a specially designed combination of three rotary stages that can smoothly move the connection flange along the wide scattering angle without breaking the vacuum. In addition, the spectrometer is rotated by sliding on a flat metal surface, ensuring exceptionally high accuracy in rotation and eliminating the need for any further adjustments during rotation. A control system that integrates the sample chamber and rotation mechanism to automate the measurement of angle-resolved X-ray emission spectroscopy has also been developed. This automation substantially streamlines the process of measuring angle-resolved spectra, making it far easier than ever before. Furthermore, the upgraded X-ray emission spectrometer can now also be utilized in diffraction experiments, providing even greater versatility to our research capabilities.

During the launch and path to its final orbit, the Landsat 9 satellite performed a once in a mission lifetime maneuver as it passed beneath Landsat 8, resulting in near coincident data collection. This maneuver provided ground validation teams from across the globe the opportunity of collecting surface in situ data to compare directly to Landsat 8 and Landsat 9 data. Ground validation teams identified surface targets that would yield reflectance and/or thermal values that could be used in Landsat Level 2 product validation and set out to collect at these locations using surface validation methodologies the teams developed. The values were collected from each team and compared directly with each other across each of the different bands of both Landsat 8 and 9. The results proved consistency across the Landsat 8 and 9 platforms and also agreed well in surface reflectance underestimation of the Coastal Aerosol, Blue, and SWIR2 bands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The propulsion research lab at Utah State University has developed a minimally-intrusive optical sensing system for high-temperature/high-velocity gas-generator exhaust plumes. For this application glass fiber-optic cables, acting as radiation conduits, are inserted through the combustion chamber or nozzle wall and look directly into the flow core. The cable transmits data from the flame zone to externally-mounted spectrometers. In order to capture the full-optical spectrum, a blended dual-spectrum system was employed, with one spectrometer system tuned for best-response across the visible-light and near-infrared spectrum, and one spectrometer tuned for best-response in the near- and mid-infrared spectrum. The dual-band sensors are radiometrically-calibrated and the sensed-spectra are spliced together using an optimal Wiener filtering algorithm to perform the deconvolution. The merged spectrum is subsequently curve-fit to Planck's black-body radiation law, and flame temperature is calculated from associated curve maxima (Wien's law). The presented fiber-optic sensing systems performs a function that is analogous to Raman spectroscopy. The system non-contact, high-temperature measurement, and does not interfere with the heat transfer processes. In this report data collected from a lab-scale (200 N) hybrid rocket system are analyzed using the described method. Optically-sensed flame-temperatures are correlated to analytical predictions, and shown to generally agree within a few degrees. Additionally, local maxima in the optical spectra are shown to correspond to emission frequencies of atomic and molecular oxygen, water vapor, and molecular nitrogen; all species known to exist in the hybrid combustion plume. Presented data demonstrate that selected fiber-optics can survive temperature greater than 3000 ℃, for durations of up to 25 seconds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present the design and simulations of a novel integrated device concept enabling a frequency conversion of a broad signal. The solution is based on a hybrid silicon–graphene photonic chip, which could be used for controlled spectrometry in low-cost devices. The device is based on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform on which an arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) is designed for operation at the center wavelength of λ = 1800 nm. The AWG is spectrally separating one broad input signal to thirty-two-output channels with a channel spacing of 2.72 nm. The output signals are well separated and uniform with the extinction ratio and the standard deviation of 10.00 dB and 0.04, respectively. The 3 dB channel width is 1.34 nm, which is suitable for sensing applications with significant accuracy. After spacial and spectral separation, each output signal is then converted to one signal at 1480 nm wavelength through a graphene-based saturable absorber scheme. Therefore, the device allows the detection of each separated signal with a simple near-infrared camera on which the outputs are imaged using conventional optics, leading to a classical pixel/wavelength correspondence. Crossed-waveguide couplers are designed to combine the controlling signal at 1480 nm to each channel waveguide of the AWG. The combination of the signals saturates the graphene layer at the output waveguides, allowing the pass of the controlling wavelength. This device can be applied as a spectrometer in environmental sensing and monitoring with high efficiency and low cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a method for accurately controlling the position of the zero optical path difference in the transformation process from interferogram of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer to spectrogram. This position has a significant impact on the position, consistency, and repeatability of spectral lines in restored spectrograms. The proposed method, known as the double-slit photoelectric aiming and triggering method (DS-PATM), can be used to precisely control the zero optical path difference position, as well as the starting and ending positions of sampling, thereby ensuring identical optical path difference in the spectrometer system. The working principle of DS-PATM is elaborated in detail, followed by a description of the optical structure of the photoelectric aiming detector and the photoelectric aiming trigger circuit. Subsequently, a displacement detection system of the spectrometer moving mirror is developed. The system is experimentally validated through displacement aiming and triggering experiments of the moving mirror of the FTIR spectrometer, conducted under standard measurement environment. The results demonstrate that using the proposed method, the standard deviation of zero optical path difference position can be measured with a confidence probability (math.) of 99.7% and a resolution of 0.1 cm−1 for Fourier transform spectrometer, yielding a value of 0.08 μm. This confirms the effectiveness of the detection system and its ability to meet the requirements of sampling interferogram with high resolution.

This paper presents the results of the integration, commissioning, and in-orbit calibration of the ARGUS 2000 SWIR wavelength spectrometer onboard the Colombian FACSAT-2 satellite, Colombia’s first satellite used for the measurement of greenhouse gases (GHG). The satellite has been in orbit for approximately one year, gathering spectral signatures in order to characterize the data and perform calibration. The calibration represents a certain behavior following a second-order adjustment. For data analysis, retrieval algorithms have been developed to obtain synthetic spectra using the Genspect 1.2 software code. These synthetic spectra were obtained from the spectroscopic data associated with atmospheric gases (H2O, O2, CO, and CO2), which are stored in the HITRAN database. Attempting to achieve a more accurate simulation of the experimental spectrum, certain instrumental parameters have been incorporated into the synthetic spectrum, including the resolution of the spectrometer, the field of view (FOV) angle of observation, the limited quantum efficiency of detection, and the slit function. As a result, six slit functions were tested, with the Gaussian and the diffraction functions proving to be the most effective. Finally, a profile of Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) concentrations was used for comparison with a spectral signature acquired by FACSAT-2, resulting in a close match between the synthetic spectrum and the measured spectrum.

Volume-phase holographic gratings are suitable for use in greenhouse gas detection imaging spectrometers, enabling the detection instruments to achieve high spectral resolution, high signal-to-noise ratios, and high operational efficiency. However, when utilized in the infrared wavelength band with high dispersion requirements, gratings struggle to meet the demands for low polarization sensitivity due to changes in diffraction performance caused by phase delays in the incidence of light waves with distinct polarization states, and current methods for designing bulk-phase holographic gratings require a large number of calculations that complicate the balance of diffraction properties. To overcome this problem, a design method for transmissive bulk-phase holographic gratings is proposed in this study. The proposed method combines two diffraction theories (namely, Kogelnik coupled-wave theory and rigorous coupled-wave theory) and establishes a parameter optimization sequence based on the influence of design parameters on diffraction characteristics. Kogelnik coupled-wave theory is employed to establish the initial Bragg angle range, ensuring that the diffraction efficiency and phase delay of the grating thickness curve meet the requirements for incident light waves in various polarization states. Utilizing rigorous coupled-wave theory, we optimize grating settings based on criteria such as a center wavelength diffraction efficiency greater than 95%, polarization sensitivity less than 10%, maximum bandwidth, and spectral diffraction efficiency exceeding 80%. The ideal grating parameters are ultimately determined, and the manufacturing tolerances for various grating parameters are analyzed. The design results show that the grating stripe frequency is 1067 lines per millimeter, and the diffraction efficiencies of TE and TM waves are 96% and 99.89%, respectively. The diffraction efficiency of unpolarized light is more than 88% over the whole spectral range with an average efficiency of 94.49%, an effective bandwidth of 32 nm, and a polarization sensitivity of less than 7%. These characteristics meet the performance requirements for dispersive elements based on greenhouse gas detection, the spectral resolution of the detection instrument is up to 0.1 nm, and the signal-to-noise ratio and working efficiency are improved by increasing the transmittance of the instrument.

Identifying the boundary between the tooth and the resin-based composite (RBC) is difficult when replacing restorations. Ultraviolet (UV) light has been reported to assist the viewer by causing the RBC to fluoresce. Using a laboratory-grade fiberoptic spectrometer, 46 RBCs were exposed to UV light from the Woodpecker O-Star curing light. The opalescence and fluorescence were measured relative to a human tooth that contained just dentin and a tooth that contained both enamel and dentin. After these quantitative measurements, 10 RBCs with large differences in light emittance were compared qualitatively to assess their brightness when exposed to UV light compared to the dentin specimen and the specimen containing both enamel and dentin. It was found that, when exposed to UV light, some of the RBCs were less bright compared to the two samples of teeth used for comparison, but most were brighter; some were up to six times brighter. The filler appears to affect the opalescence peaks, while the resin appears to affect the fluorescence peaks. It was concluded that because RBCs emit very different levels of opalescence and fluorescence, UV light from the Woodpecker O-Star cannot be relied upon to detect all brands of RBC on the tooth. The opalescence and fluorescence can also be used to detect changes in the formulation of the RBC.

The paper offers a brief overview of the modern procedures for determining the chemical composition of copper alloys along with the applied methods of analytical control. It has been shown that to obtain reliable and comparable results of measuring the mass fractions of copper alloys elements within wide ranges of values, the most suitable procedures are based on the X‑ray fluorescence method, implemented using portable X‑ray fluorescence spectrometers. In order to select the optimal values of the influencing quantities when determining the chemical composition of copper alloys, a robust parameter design of a quantitative chemical analysis procedure was carried out using X‑50 Mobile X‑ray fluorescence spectrometer. The use of robust parameter design as opposed to conducting a full factorial experiment when developing a measurement procedure makes it possible to optimize the measurement conditions and obtain results of the required accuracy with a limited number of experiments and a maximum number of controlled factors. An example of drawing up an experimental plan for the parameter design of such procedure is provided, and a statistical analysis of the measurement results is carried out. The authors have analyzed and selected the optimal measurement conditions (influencing quantities), which ensure the minimum error of the results of measuring the mass fraction of elements. By selecting the optimal values of the influencing quantities based on the results of robust parameter design of the quantitative chemical analysis procedure, it became possible to increase the accuracy of determining the chemical composition of copper alloys and, hence, improve the reliability of the product quality control results at a relatively low cost. Such approach can be recommended for use by analytical laboratories developing procedures of quantitative chemical analysis for metallurgical enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Far-infrared (FIR) wavelength light provides a wealth of information about astrophysical processes. Large field-of-view FIR spectrometers face a variety of challenges that can be bypassed by utilizing on-chip filter bank technology. To this end, we have been developing microwave kinetic inductance detectors (MKIDs) to couple to on-chip spectrometric technologies. We utilize a unique two-silicon wafer design to create a waveguide for an on-chip spectrometer between 1.4 and 2 THz. The spectrometer's principle of operation is electromagnetic radiation traveling down a center waveguide before being picked off by a resonance cavity and absorbed by a detector. The MKIDs are designed to couple directly to the waveguide using an annular antenna shape for the inductor. Alignment of the two-wafer design is achieved with two dowel pins and a hole and slot pattern in our custom designed box. We present the design and early test data from a 18-channel prototype device. The prototype yielded the full 18 resonances with quality factors Q c of about 5 × 10 4 and Q i of about 1 × 10 4 . We plan to use the technology we developed to create an n × n pixel device targeting R = 100 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This manuscript describes reflectance-based vicarious calibration exercise of the Airborne Visible InfraRed Imaging Spectrometer - Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG) sensor during its second phase of observation campaigns over the Indian subcontinent. Vicarious calibration methods are one of the significant approaches that have been practiced successfully for the absolute radiometric calibration of various spaceborne and airborne sensors to ascertain its desired performance in terms of data quality and its accuracy. Calibration campaigns were performed for AVIRIS-NG sensor during its phase-2 campaign overpass at the Desalpar (25th March 2018) and Amarapur (27th March 2018) calibration sites of Gujarat, India. Results from ground-based measurements of atmospheric conditions and surface reflectance including descriptions of the test sites are summarized in this work. Based on the in-situ data and images from the AVIRIS-NG sensor, the at-sensor apparent radiances are simulated using the 6SV radiative transfer model. The comparison shows good agreement between AVIRIS-NG measured radiance and 6SV simulated apparent radiance at the two calibration sites using desert aerosol model. The gains (spectrally) derived agree to within ∼ 2 % each other. Furthermore, an analysis is performed to determine or identify systematic and random errors, and the overall uncertainty is evaluated for reflectance-based method (total uncertainty of less than 4 % spectrally). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The variation in the shape of the Voigt convolution profile in a spectrometer for measuring weak absorption consisting of a frequency tunable laser and an external analytic resonator is studied. It is found how the characteristics of the convolution and the parameters of the resonator affect the reproduction of the shape and width of the absorption line. The effect of absorption saturation on the accuracy of measuring the weak absorption coefficient is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we present XStorm, a gamma ray spectrometer developed to detect gamma ray glows and terrestrial gamma ray flashes (TGFs) in close proximity. Measurements are mostly planned to take place on balloon campaigns but also on the ground using bigger detectors. The main aim in developing XStorm is to perform new in situ and close proximity measurements of those events to improve the understanding of the physical processes involved. For that, we ensured XStorm reached performances adapted to glow and TGF detections. It detects photons with energy between ∼400 keV and ∼20 MeV. Detected particles are timetagged with a 600 ns precision with respect to UTC. Using two types of scintillator, Bismuth Germanium Oxide and EJ‐276 plastic associated with SiPMs, the instrument is able to discriminate three types of particles involved in those events: photons, neutrons, and electrons. The behavior of the detector under high particle fluxes has been quantified through ground testing using a pulse generator. A triggered detection system has been developed, with different thresholds depending on the target of study. First measurements have been carried out with test flights in fair weather conditions and are presented here. Estimations of the configurations in which a gamma ray glow can be detected by XStorm and of the number of TGFs that could be detected in specific campaigns are also addressed. Plain Language Summary: Terrestrial gamma ray flashes (TGFs) are bursts of high‐energy photons generated in thunderstorms in less than 100 μs, whereas gamma ray glows are enhancement of the high‐energy radiation background in thunderstorms, lasting from seconds to minutes. We present a gamma ray spectrometer, XStorm, designed to detect terrestrial gamma ray flashes (TGFs) and gamma ray glows in close proximity. It is composed of two scintillators of different kinds to allow the detection of TGF and gamma ray glow photons (energies between 400 keV and 20 MeV, with a time precision of 600 ns UTC). XStorm measurements are mainly planned to take place on board balloons, but can also be performed at ground level using bigger scintillators. XStorm is able to discriminate photons, electrons and neutrons, that are particle types involved in TGFs. We show the first measurements in fair weather and configurations allowing the detection of gamma ray glows. We estimate that XStorm will detect ∼0.5 TGF on average over one balloon flight of Stratéole‐2 campaign presented in the scientific objectives. Key Points: Development of a gamma ray spectrometer to detect gamma ray glows and terrestrial gamma ray flashes (TGFs), able to discriminate photons, electrons, and neutronsResults from balloon test flights performed in fair weather conditions, detecting the background radiation level as a function of altitudeEstimation of the detectability of gamma ray glows and TGFs as a function of altitude with XStorm [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface reflectance measurement is an integral part of the vicarious calibration of satellite sensors and the validation of satellite-derived top-of-atmosphere (TOA) and surface reflectance products. A well-known practice for estimating surface reflectance is to conduct a field campaign with a spectrometer and a calibration panel, which is labor-intensive and expensive. To address this issue, the Radiometric Calibration Network, RadCalNet, has been developed, which automatically collects surface reflectance over several selected sites. Neither of these approaches can continuously track the atmosphere, which limits their ability to compensate for atmospheric transmittance change during target measurement. This paper presents the dual-spectrometer approach that uses a stationary spectrometer dedicated to continuously tracking changes in atmospheric transmittance by staring at a calibrated reference panel while the mobile spectrometer measures the target. Simultaneous measurement of the reflectance panel and target help to transfer calibration from the stationary spectrometer to the mobile spectrometer and synchronize the measurements. In this manner, atmospheric transmittance changes during target measurement can be tracked and used to reduce the variability of the target surface reflectance. This paper uses field measurement data from combined field campaigns between different calibration groups at Brookings, South Dakota, and Landsat 8 and Landsat 9 underfly efforts over Coconino National Forest, Arizona, and Guymon, Oklahoma. Preliminary results show that even in a clear sky condition, where atmospheric transmittance changes are minimal, the precision of target surface reflectance estimated using the dual-spectrometer approach is 2–6% better than the single-spectrometer approach. The dual-spectrometer approach shows the potential for a substantial improvement in the precision of the target spectral profile when the atmospheric transmittance is changing rapidly during field measurement. Results show that during non-optimal atmospheric conditions, the dual-spectrometer approach improved the precision of the surface reflectance by 50–60% compared to the single-spectrometer approach across most spectral regions. The ability to estimate surface reflectance more precisely using the dual-spectrometer approach in different atmospheric conditions improves the vicarious calibration of optical satellite sensors and the validation of both TOA and surface reflectance products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Distinguishing planetary formation and evolution pathways and understanding the origins of volatiles on planetary bodies requires determination of relative abundances and isotope ratios in the noble gases, and also of the isotope ratios in C, H, N, O and S at high precisions. Traditional planetary mass spectrometers uniquely provide excellent survey capability including the noble gas relative abundances and their isotope ratios. However, to distinguish planetary evolution models for the outer planets, stable isotope ratios in C and O require precisions of ∼10‰ or better, readily achievable with a tunable laser spectrometer (TLS). As demonstrated on the Mars Curiosity rover, and as planned for a now-selected NASA Venus mission, tunable laser spectrometers play a unique role synergistic with the capabilities of planetary mass spectrometers. The TLS technique of recording infrared absorption spectra at ultrahigh resolution (resolving power λ / δ λ ∼ 5 million) provides unambiguous detection of a wide variety of gases such as H2O, H2O2, H2CO, HOCl, NO, NO2, HNO3, N2O, O3, CO, CO2, NH3, N2H4, PH3, H2S, SO2, OCS, HCl, HF, O2, HCN, and CH4, C2H2, C2H4, C2H6 at parts-per-billion levels. Through line-depth or line-area ratio comparisons of adjacent spectral lines, planetary TLS instruments can achieve isotope ratio measurements in C, H, N, O, and S molecules at precisions of ∼1–2‰, including for the triple isotope components of O and S. Expected performance of TLS instruments for Venus, Saturn, Enceladus and Uranus will be described as constrained by actual measurements reported at Mars on the Curiosity rover. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing demand for accurate imaging spectral information in remote sensing detection has driven the development of hyperspectral remote sensing instruments towards a larger view field and higher resolution. As the core component of the spectrometer slit, the designed length reaches tens of millimeters while the precision maintained within the μm level. Such precision requirements pose challenges to traditional machining and laser processing. In this paper, a high-precision air slit was created with a large aspect ratio through MEMS technology on SOI silicon wafers. In particular, a MEMS slit was prepared with a width of 15 μm and an aspect ratio exceeding 4000:1, and a spectral spectroscopy system was created and tested with a Hg-Cd light source. As a result, the spectral spectrum was linear within the visible range, and a spectral resolution of less than 1 nm was obtained. The standard deviation of resolution is only one-fourth of that is seen in machined slits across various view fields. This research provided a reliable and novel manufacturing technique for high-precision air slits, offering technical assistance in developing high-resolution wide-coverage imaging spectrometers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spectral confocal sensors are effective for measuring displacements. The core of the spectral confocal measurement system is a dispersive objective lens that uses optical dispersion to establish a one-to-one correspondence between the focusing position and wavelength, achieving high-resolution measurements in the longitudinal direction. Despite significant progress in dispersive objective lenses for spectral confocal sensor systems, challenges such as a limited dispersion range, high cost, and insufficient measurement accuracy persist. To expand the measurement range and improve the accuracy of the spectral confocal sensor, we designed a compact, long-axial dispersion objective lens. This lens has a simple structure that requires only six lens elements, two of which form cemented doublets. The system length is 58 mm, with a working distance of 46 ± 6 mm and a dispersion range of 12 mm within the wavelength range of 450–656 nm. The lens has an object-side numerical aperture (NA) of 0.22 and an image-side NA between 0.198 and 0.24, ensuring high light energy utilization. Finally, a spectral confocal measurement system was constructed based on the designed dispersive objective lens, and performance evaluation tests were conducted. The test results showed that the system achieved a resolution of 0.15 μm and a maximum linear error of ±0.7 μm, demonstrating high-precision measurement capabilities. The proposed lens design enables the development of more portable and cost-effective spectral confocal sensors.

Hyperspectral detection of the change rate of organic matter content in agricultural remote sensing requires a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). However, due to the large number and efficiency limitation of the components, it is difficult to improve the SNR. This study uses high-efficiency convex grating with a diffraction efficiency exceeding 50% across the 360–850 nm range, a back-illuminated Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) detector with a 95% efficiency in peak wavelength, and silver-coated mirrors to develop an imaging spectrometer for detecting soil organic matter (SOM). The designed system meets the spectral resolution of 10 nm in the 360–850 nm range and achieves a swath of 100 km and a spatial resolution of 100 m at an orbital height of 648.2 km. This study also uses the basic structure of Offner with fewer components in the design and sets the mirrors of the Offner structure to have the same sphere, which can achieve the rapid adjustment of the co-standard. This study performs a theoretical analysis of the developed Offner imaging spectrometer based on the classical Rowland circular structure, with a 21.8 mm slit length; simulates its capacity for suppressing the +2nd-order diffraction stray light with the filter; and analyzes the imaging quality after meeting the tolerance requirements, which is combined with the surface shape characteristics of the high-efficiency grating. After this test, the grating has a diffraction efficiency above 50%, and the silver-coated mirrors have a reflection value above 95% on average. Finally, the laboratory tests show that the SNR over the waveband exceeds 300 and reaches 800 at 550 nm, which is higher than some current instruments in orbit for soil observation. The proposed imaging spectrometer has a spectral resolution of 10 nm, and its modulation transfer function (MTF) is greater than 0.23 at the Nyquist frequency, making it suitable for remote sensing observation of SOM change rate. The manufacture of such a high-efficiency broadband grating and the development of the proposed instrument with high energy transmission efficiency can provide a feasible technical solution for observing faint targets with a high SNR.

In modern scientific practice, it is necessary to consistently observe predetermined zones, with the expectation of detecting and identifying emerging targets or events inside such areas. This research presents an innovative imaging spectrometer system for the continuous monitoring of specific areas. This study begins by providing detailed information on the features and optical structure of the constructed instrument. This is then followed by simulations using optical design tools. The device has an F-number of 5, a focal length of 100 mm, a field of view of 3 × 7, and a wavelength range spanning from 400 nm to 600 nm. The optical path diagram demonstrates that the system’s dispersion and imaging pictures can be distinguished, hence fulfilling the system’s specifications. Furthermore, the utilization of a Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) graph has substantiated that the image quality indeed satisfies the specified criteria. To evaluate the instrument’s performance in the spectrum observation of fixed regions, a region-monitoring-type slitless imaging spectrometer was built. The equipment has the capability to identify a specific region and rapidly capture the spectra of objects or events that are present inside that region. The spectral data were collected effectively by the implementation of image processing techniques on the captured photos. The correlation coefficient between these data and the reference data was 0.9226, showing that the device successfully measured the target’s spectrum. Therefore, the instrument that was created successfully demonstrated its ability to capture images of the observed areas and collect spectral data from the targets located within those regions.