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In this paper, we compare conventions of offering food and alcohol in Chinese and English. We define offering as an interaction ritual because in many linguacultures, food and drink are offered by following certain conventions, the observing of which is a ritually sacred duty for the host. Foreign residents in China are often irritated by Chinese conventions of offering food and drink. We try to explain such irritations by investigating how Chinese and 'Western' offering conventions differ from one another. Our framework brings together speech acts and interaction ritual theory. We first present relevant experiences of English-speaking foreigners living in China. We then conduct a contrastive pragmatic study of English and Chinese food and alcohol offering conventions, followed by an interpretation of the irritations reported by our panel of foreigners through our contrastive outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arabic Language & Literature (1735-9767) is the property of University of Tehran and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Larq Journal for Philosophy, Linguistics & Social Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This editorial sketches some general ideas and issues in the field of speech act syntax, and it highlights the development of the so-called cartographic approach to syntax in that domain. Given the recent focus of encoding speaker, addressee, and further speech act categories in the left periphery of the clause, the editorial points out the relevance of the contributions to this Virtual Special Issue. • State of the art of speech act syntax. • Distinction between speech act and clause type. • Development of the cartographic program in syntax. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Contemporary Philology is the property of Blaze Koneski Faculty of Philology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Drawing on the philosophy of language and anthroponymy, we aim to outline a theory of proper names, deliberately sidestepping conventional perspectives, which we have systematically addressed in previous instances. Articulating a distinctive viewpoint, grounded in the established connotations of the anthroponym (most notably its characterization as a rigid designator), we aim to demonstrate that names function as any linguistic sign, not deprived of any of its dimensions. We will also consider situations involving name changes, whether undertaken with the consent of the bearer or independently of their will. To the best of our current knowledge, the examination of proper names as speech acts has not received substantial attention in past or contemporary studies; hence, we will allocate appropriate attention to it. Furthermore, our investigation will encompass discussions on unconventional anthroponyms, addressing them as a key facet of our current research agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contrary to what seems to be predicted by a Strawson-inspired view, in presupposition denials the presupposition triggered by, e.g., 'the king of France' seems to be cancelled. To explain this puzzling instance of the projection problem, defenders of a Strawson-inspired view have proposed various ad hoc ambiguities. I develop a version of Segmented Discourse Representation Theory that explains the puzzling presupposition-cancelling phenomenon relying only on independently motivated pragmatic processes. Appealing to Kripke's "test" for the adequacy of ambiguity motivating counterexamples, I argue that my analysis is to be preferred over proposals that posit ad hoc ambiguities. Two key insights of my analysis are, first, that the "cancellation" of presuppositions in presupposition denials depends upon the illocutionary effects of rejection and correction, and, second, that the process of presupposition accommodation often involves the speaker performing an ancillary sort of speech act, viz. the speech act of presupposing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study incorporates the theory of linguistic functions (Jakobson 1960) and speech act theory (Austin 1962) to analyse the differences and similarities of the language used to produce health warning signs on tobacco-related products in Polish and English. The analysis is based on the premise that labels have a primary force of being a warning, when their social function is in focus. The texts proposed as health warnings are highly formulaic and despite the fact that they address a variety of issues, they seem to be inherently similar in form. This pilot study aims to analyse corpora of selected Polish and English health warnings in order to assess the level of their linguistic similarity.

Effective character education needs to be contextualized in real life to have a significant impact. TGKH Muhammad Zainuddin Abdul Madjid is a national hero from Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara who becomes a prominent figure on character education. This research discusses how TGKH directly demonstrates character education through his daily speech acts to students, congregation, and the surrounding community. The research method used is a historical method which consists of four stages: heuristics, source verification, data interpretation, and historiography. It used a lot of primary sources in the form of oral interviews. The research results show that character education by TGKH. Muhammad Zainuddin Abdul Madjid was built through direct examples through everyday words and actions, how to reprimand students who make mistakes, providing direct examples of doing things, and simple speech acts in everyday life. His teaching was very influential in the internalization of character education that emphasized on the importance of example in everyday words and actions. This shows that a practical and personal approach to character education has a significant impact on shaping moral and ethical values in society. These speech act strategies offer valuable insights into leadership, education, and community engagement. Pendidikan karakter yang efektif perlu dikontekstualisasikan dalam kehidupan nyata agar memiliki dampak yang signifikan. TGKH Muhammad Zainuddin Abdul Madjid adalah pahlawan nasional dari Lombok, Nusa Tenggara Barat, yang menjadi tokoh terkemuka dalam pendidikan karakter. Penelitian ini membahas bagaimana TGKH secara langsung menunjukkan pendidikan karakter melalui tindakan tutur sehari-hari kepada para siswa, jamaah, dan masyarakat sekitar. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode sejarah yang terdiri dari empat tahap: heuristik, verifikasi sumber, interpretasi data, dan historiografi. Penelitian ini banyak menggunakan sumber primer berupa wawancara lisan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan karakter oleh TGKH Muhammad Zainuddin Abdul Madjid dibangun melalui contoh langsung dari perkataan dan tindakan sehari-hari, cara menegur siswa yang melakukan kesalahan, memberikan contoh langsung dalam melakukan sesuatu, dan tindakan tutur sederhana dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Ajarannya sangat berpengaruh dalam internalisasi pendidikan karakter yang menekankan pentingnya contoh dalam perkataan dan tindakan sehari-hari. Ini menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan praktis dan personal terhadap pendidikan karakter memiliki dampak yang signifikan dalam membentuk nilai moral dan etika dalam masyarakat. Strategi tindakan tutur ini memberikan wawasan yang berharga dalam kepemimpinan, pendidikan, dan keterlibatan komunitas. in society.

Introduction. In line with the anthropocentric approach, the desire to create a model of an individual linguistic worldview becomes possible thanks to concepts as basic structures for accumulating knowledge about the world. Such a result can be achieved by studying the children's language picture of the world, which will explain the structure of the language picture of the adult world, and not vice versa, as it seemed before.Materials and Methods. The research is based on the analysis of texts of a junior schoolboy using methods of observation, comparison, generalization of analysis and synthesis, interpretation of the data obtained empirically.Analysis. The works of Russian researchers describe fragments of the linguistic picture of the world of people of different professions who speak different languages. This article presents the author's point of view on the model of a fragment of the children's language picture of the world of a junior schoolboy. Predicates denoting mental activity as one of the numerous and leading groups of verbs in speech at this age are taken as a nuclear sphere of analysis. The principles of the dynamics of the image of the world, reflected in the language of the child, are revealed. The ontological principle is that the assimilation of the native language occurs through the assimilation of various models of structural schemes of sentences and their variants. The cognitive principle – proposition is a special stacked structure of knowledge storage, which is implemented and fixed by the structural scheme of the sentence. The communicative principle – speech acts expressed by the structural scheme of the sentence, implement the intentions of a native speaker. Thus, the structural schemes of sentences are the signifiers of syntactic concepts, and intentions and propositions are their signified. In a word, the syntactically represented concept controls the content of the sentence's structural scheme and the type of speech act, highlighting its individual cognitive features.Results. We have studied the connections of the cognitive basis of the concept with semantics and pragmatics, cause-and-effect relationships of actualization of ideas about mental activity by a younger student. Thus, the principles of the dynamics of the linguistic picture of the world form an initial position of objective reality conceptualization.

As an act of self-disclosure, the speech act of self-praise may be perceived as problematic or inappropriate due to societal expectations, such as politeness preferences. Despite recent growing interest in self-praise, it remains relatively under-researched, particularly in naturally occurring conversation in languages other than English. An examination of 53 hours of Japanese conversation (both telephone and face-to-face) reveals that despite Japanese societal norms against self-praise, speakers do praise themselves, and that this behavior occurs in interactions within both close relationships (i.e., among friends and family members) and distant ones (i.e., in first meetings). However, its relative infrequency indicates that self-praise is a marked social behavior in Japanese conversation. The data also demonstrate some distinctive patterns in the ways in which self-praise is delivered and received depending on the type of conversation. Interactional patterns that emerge in the data illustrate the integral role that coparticipants (i.e., the recipients of speakers' self-praise) play in making this risky social act possible and appropriate in conversation. • Self-praise is more marked in conversation than in online discourse. • Self-praise is delivered and received differently depending on conversation type. • Participants work together to minimize the illocutionary effects of self-praise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through cyberpragmatics outlook, this study explores the persuasive speech act techniques utilized by online fashion vendors during live e-commerce sessions. The study investigates how sellers utilize persuasive strategies in digital communication to influence consumer behavior and increase revenue. A mixedmethods approach is employed so that the research combines qualitative content analysis of live selling sessions with quantitative measures of engagement and conversion rates. Important discoveries show that sellers frequently use a combination of assertive, expressive, directive, commissive, and phatic speech acts, which are adapted to the dynamic and interactive nature of real-time e-commerce platforms. The implications for both sellers and digital marketing strategists underscore the importance of adaptive communication techniques in enhancing consumer engagement and optimizing sales outcomes. Furthermore, the persuasive strategies emphasize the importance of using visual aids, real-time client engagement, and personalized marketing tactics. This research contributes to the understanding of digital persuasion in e-commerce and offers insights into the evolving landscape of online retail communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This qualitative study examines how people in a multicultural society express their specific intentions through compliments. As a case study, data were taken from the English transcriptions of characters' dialogues in the Netflix series Emily in Paris Seasons 1 and 2. This Netflix series is the proper example of a society whose members come from diverse cultural backgrounds, both native and non-native English speakers. According to the findings, skill/ performance is the most frequent topic, it is assumed that the majority of characters appreciate individuals' ability or expertise when they give compliments. In addition, the functions of using compliments vary depending on the speakers' intention. The results show that some compliments have implicit meanings. Characters tend to use the speech act of compliments to convey their negative emotions (e.g., expressing disappointment, criticism) to preserve others' face or self-image regarding polite behaviour in social relationships. Therefore, this study is expected to provide a broader perspective on the use of compliments for certain purposes. Since compliment is considered as one of positive politeness strategies, it is useful to bridge the gap and navigate social communication among people in multicultural society with different cultural backgrounds, values, and norms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sometimes, thinking a thought and saying something to oneself are the same event. Call this the 'thinking-as-speaking' thesis. It stands in opposition to the idea that we think something first, and then say it. One way to argue for the thesis is to show that the content of a token thought cannot be fully represented by a token mental state before the production of the utterance which expresses it. I make an argument for that claim based on speech act theory. Many inner speech utterances are inner speech acts; as such they are individuated by an amalgam of semantic content and illocutionary force, which only come together with the performance of the speech act. Call the performance of a speech act its meaning and call its meaning its content. Since a token thought is individuated by its content it follows that the content of the speech act is not represented by any token mental state before the speech act is performed. Metaphysically, a thought, when it is an inner speech act, is not an object of any kind, but an action – the action of performing the speech act. I illustrate my argument with the action of deciding something. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines paternal advice in the ancient Arab world through a socio-pragmatic analysis of 159 pieces of advice from fathers to sons between the 7th and 10th centuries CE. The article identifies directness as a predominant feature in these communications, attributed to the intimate father–son relationship, paternal dominance, justifications for advice, and the inherent nature of the advice topics. The closeness between father and son, emphasized by the frequent use of "Oh my son(s)," allows for advice without social veiling, reflecting the Islamic duty of guidance. Power dynamics and the expectation of direct communication underscore the traditional Arab social structure. Justifications accompanying advice in the dataset highlight its acceptability, while the subjects of religion, relationships, and science encourage directness in the discourse. This analysis reveals that directness in advice-giving conveys deeply held cultural and religious values, emphasizing community and mutual responsibility, and showcases the role of clear communication in maintaining societal cohesion across generations. • A socio-pragmatic analysis of 159 pieces of paternal advice from the 7th to 10th centuries CE highlights directness as a key feature. • Directness in advice-giving is linked to close father–son relationships, paternal authority, and the content of the advice itself. • The use of the term "Oh my son(s)" signifies the intimate bond and lack of social distance in these communications. • The study underscores the influence of Islamic teachings on the tradition of direct paternal advice as part of a father's duty. • Justifications in advice emphasize that religion, relationships, and science are areas where directness is prevalent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Linguistika: Buletin Ilmiah Program Magister Linguistik Universitas Udayana is the property of Program Studi Magister Linguistik Program Pascasarjana Universitas Udayana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Linguistika: Buletin Ilmiah Program Magister Linguistik Universitas Udayana is the property of Program Studi Magister Linguistik Program Pascasarjana Universitas Udayana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In hybrid legal contexts in China, judges' speech acts of reformulating rules serve to demonstrate their ideological and linguistic preferences in law enforcement. A comparative analysis of judges' reformulations in judgments in the traditional (imperial) and contemporary periods in this study discloses a disparity in their speech style over time. Though judges in the two periods both navigate between the ethical discourse and the legal discourse in the negotiation of meaning in law, traditional judges are found to have reformulated rules from various sources, particularly those of Confucian classics, acting as more of a constructive legal interpreter. In contrast, contemporary judges tend to reformulate rules of the codified law in a more monologic style, thereby displaying greater respect for the autonomy of law in their reformulations. These differences are interpreted from a socio-cultural standpoint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper relies on the widely accepted concept that the speech act of refusal, which is intrinsically face-threatening and sometimes subtle to understand, requires pragmatic competence and cultural understanding. In light of this, the present study investigates the speech act of refusal in both natural and constructed languages, proposing that the speech act of refusal in constructed languages is a much more complex phenomenon, influenced by factors beyond language itself. This paper then demonstrates that the refusal strategies in two constructed languages, Esperanto and Unish, are similar to those in natural languages in accordance with linguistic typology; indirect refusals are more frequently used than direct ones. However, it is found that Esperanto interlocutors employ more direct strategies than Unish interlocutors, reflecting the low-context nature of Esperanto culture and the common values shared by Esperanto speakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored the intimacy-power patterns in Chinese direct criticism and how this may reflect native Chinese speakers’ consideration of rapport management. With data retrieved from BCC, a representative corpus of modern Chinese, the analyses identified the intimacy degree and power relativity of the interlocutors where direct criticism was used. Results revealed that native Chinese speakers use direct criticism mostly in close and equal relationships followed by distant and equal ones; also, direct criticism with different criticizing markers manifests their uniqueness that close and equal relationships appeared more in criticism with “你太(nitai) + adj.”, “我看你(wokanni)” and “你真是(nizhenshi)” while distant and equal relationships appeared more frequently in criticism with “你这(nizhe) + n. /adj.”. These results reflect that native Chinese speakers adopt rapport-maintaining/rapport-enhancing orientations by using criticism more often in close and equal relationships, together with their tendency to ignore rapport, especially in distant and equal relationships. To conclude, this study reveals the patterns of intimacy-power relationships in Chinese speakers’ usage of direct criticism, which reflects their awareness of rapport management. Overall, it provides insights into our understanding of the nature of the speech act of criticism.

The article examines the discursive practices of modern Russian public discourse, which includes political communication as a necessary part. The author considers first of all those discursive practices and the corresponding speech acts that are magical in nature. Such types of speech acts are proposed to be called “the acts of magical embodiment”. The pronunciation of the act of magical embodiment leads to a change in the world, resulting from the release of mystic forces associated with both the speaker’s supernatural abilities and the participation of mysterious forces. Among the acts of magical embodiment, there are vows, curses, tabooing and overcoming the taboos (use of euphemisms and concealment), prohibitions, benevolence, spells, and others. The use of magical practices in public discourse has a long tradition in political communication, especially in the creation of slogans. In modern public communication, many speech practices of magical nature have a legal basis. Current practice suggests that every mention of a prohibited political actor is accompanied by an indication of the prohibition. The curse as an act of magical embodiment sometimes adjoins the practice of imposing restrictions on “foreign agents”. Concealment (tabooing and overcoming the taboos) is enforced by the law on the “right to be forgotten”.

This study aimed to examine what Illocutionary Speech Acts were employed by President Ferdinand R. Marcos Jr. in his 2022 and 2023 SONAs, classify the identified Illocutionary Speech Acts with the 5 classifications of Illocutionary Speech Acts according to Searle for accuracy, and assess the data to determine the most dominant Illocutionary Speech Acts used and least used to understand what kind of speaker President Marcos Jr. is. This study used the Discourse Analysis Method grounded in the Speech Act Theory of Austin and Searle by process of analysis, categorization, and assessment. The study focused on the 2022 and 2023 SONAs of Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. The result of the study is that out of 294 utterances in the 2022 SONA, President Marcos Jr. spoke most dominantly in the Assertive Illocutionary 197 times, while in the 2023 SONA, he spoke most dominantly in the Assertive Illocutionary 222 out of 283 utterances. The least used Illocutionary Speech Act Classification for the 2022 and 2023 SONA is the Declaration Classification accounting for only 1 utterance out of 294 in 2022 SONA and 1 out of 283 utterances in 2023 SONA. The result implies that in the 2022 and 2023 SONA, the President's main intention was to Assert. Despite his utterances of Commissives, Expressives, Directives, and Declarations, his primary intention in the 2 SONAs is to Assert or present information, facts, plans, statements, and opinions. That, in turn, leads to the conclusion of the study that President Ferdinand R. Marcos Jr. is an Assertive Speaker. Researchers can build on this conclusion, conducting further studies on the Illocutionary Speech Acts used on the forthcoming SONAs of the current Philippine President throughout his term, to create in the future a complete analysis of the Illocutionary Speech Acts used on all the 6 SONAs of President Ferdinand R. Marcos Jr. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Diyalog Interkulturelle Zeitschrift für Germanistik is the property of Diyalog Interkulturelle Zeitschrift fur Germanistik and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of Ablai Khan KazUIRandWL: Series 'Philological sciences' is the property of Kazakh Ablai Khan University of International Relations & World Languages and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study incorporates the theory of linguistic functions (Jakobson 1960) and speech act theory (Austin 1962) to analyse the differences and similarities of the language used to produce health warning signs on tobacco-related products in Polish and English. The analysis is based on the premise that labels have a primary force of being a warning, when their social function is in focus. The texts proposed as health warnings are highly formulaic and despite the fact that they address a variety of issues, they seem to be inherently similar in form. This pilot study aims to analyse corpora of selected Polish and English health warnings in order to assess the level of their linguistic similarity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Jordanian Educational Journal is the property of Association of Arab Universities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Speech acts in CMC (Computer Mediated Communication) have been receiving increasing attention in recent years. This study attempted to make a cross-cultural comparison of Chinese and American online complaints of restaurants from the perspective of speech act structure in relation to face management. In spite of likeness in the general taxonomy of retrospective and prospective speech acts between the two corpora, addressivity appeared to be a strong factor affecting how face was managed in the specific construction of complaints as speech act sets in the Chinese data set, while such a discrepancy was absent from the American reviews where the face of restaurants and fellow consumers was not handled with much distinction and discretion. These findings in terms of the level of sensitivity and adaptation to the context seem to imply that the generally-recognized distinction of high-context vs. low-context between the two cultures is also manifested in online reviews. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Apostrophe" (Iltifāt) means grammatical altering between the use of first, second, and third person in a sentence or consecutive sentences. It aims at examining the coherence in the Holy Quran. Speech act theory is one of the important topics in pragmatics. It conveys that a conversation includes many acts such as description, declaration, command, prohibition, prayer, wish, etc. Considering a text as an act enables religious texts experts to change the nature of the texts more systematically. John Searle is one of the theorists of this area. He has classified speech acts into representatives, directives, commissives, expressive, and declarations. In this study, based on his theory, as a linguistic discourse analysis, and by using a descriptive-analytical method, the text and context of Iltifāt verses in the Holy Quran have been examined, and the type of their acts were identified. According to the results, regarding Searle's five speech acts, in these verses, the representative and commissive acts have been used more and less than other types, respectively. Also, the verbs used in each of these speech acts are as follows: describing, emphasizing, reporting, criticizing, and granting in the representative act, offering, making a condition, asking for explanation, protestingly asking, etc. in the directive act, giving and making a pledge, and swearing in the commissive act, praising, thanking, threatening, wishing, etc. in the expressive act, and terminating and judging in the declaration act. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the notion of “Direct Speech Act” in Austin and Searle’s “ Speech Acts Theory”, as it also discusses the concept of “ Indirect Speech Act” in Grice’s within the “Cooperative Principle”, which focuses the “context” and “Shared Knowledge” elements. The article also deals with “conversational Implication” as a pragmatic device aimed at discovering the hidden (implicit) meaning in the speech acts which violate the known rules, by examining the manifestation of this phenomenon in the events of the patrimonial story “shenne” and “tabaka”. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Full of men and women in love, Shakespeare's comedies have triggered abundant discussions of the dramatist's treatment of romantic relationships, which, however, nearly ignore the importance of language use. This pragmatic reading of Shakespearean comedies undertakes to explore the speech act of promising of characters in love. By incorporating quantitative data and qualitative insights, the research outlines the attributes and distribution of promising in four comedies, compares gender differences in the use of promising, and scrutinises the change of promising during the shift in love dynamics. In doing so, we anticipate providing a fresh interpretation of speech acts and Shakespeare's dramas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to examine the translation strategies used for translating Saudi complaints in business communication, with a focus on the influence of Saudi cultural norms. The research methodology employed in this study includes a comprehensive analysis of complaint speech acts in Saudi culture, as well as a comparison of translation strategies used in different cultural contexts.The Findings demonstrate that while most translations were adequate, inaccuracies arose from a lack of equivalent terms in English. The literal translation was common but ineffective in conveying Arabic nuances accurately. Borrowing was prevalent for maintaining meaning. Limited use of transposition, calque, adaptation, modulation, and expansion strategies hindered the accurate conveyance of complaints. The study highlights challenges in translating Saudi complaints due to cultural nuances and advocates for a nuanced approach to enhance accuracy and effectiveness in cross-cultural translation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines how speech and speech acts are central to Othering First Nations people in Australia. Werner Herzog's film, Where the Green Ants Dream (1984), centres around a fictional Dreaming story about green ants, which connect individual ancestral beings with the creation process, as well as forming the basis of First Nation law and culture. The Dreaming story projected in this film is intertwined with a specific nation of First Nations people and their connection and relationship to their Country (land). The film reveals an uneasy relationship between Dreaming and the positive law. In projecting First Nations people's speech and speech acts within the context of a trial, the film illustrates how the adversarial nature of the law (English common law versus First Nation laws and culture) does not always adequately deal with hard cases. This film manifests the trauma and violence of the white settler state upon First Nations people to illustrate the shortcomings of Australian legality and how the state reckons with the Other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Studies - Educational Sciences is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study investigates the various speech acts that lecturers use in a Discourse Analysis classroom. The study attempted to determine which type was most frequently used based on Searle's theory. The study was conducted by involving two lecturers of Discourse Analysis classroom in the Graduate Program of English Education UIN Jakarta, using a qualitative research design. The data were gathered through Zoom video recordings capturing the nuances of learning sessions and the collection of messages within the WhatsApp class group. Subsequently, the data were transcribed and analyzed. The interesting findings revealed; 50% of what lecturers said consisted of commands or directives, 24% were representatives, 13% were commissive, and also 13% were expressive. The results indicated that the most dominant type of speech act was directives (50%). Lecturers predominantly utilized directives to guide students in specific actions, including; asking students to allocate more time to study, suggesting them to read reputable scientific journals, and encouraging students to work gradually on their papers to avoid last-minute rushes. In the end, this research helps to understand how lecturers talk and share ideas in a Discourse Analysis classroom. It also provides insights into how lecturers conduct teaching in that particular class. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Arabic Language Sciences & Literature / Maǧallaẗ ʻUlūm Al-Luġaẗ Al-ʻArabiyyaẗ Wa-Ādābi-hā is the property of Arab Journal of Sciences & Research Publishing (AJSRP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A recent generalization about ‘optional’ wh-in-situ states that wh-in-situ questions are blocked in selected contexts, where the only grammatical option is wh-fronting. In this squib, I show that the generalization is misplaced: Wh-in-situ is not actually blocked in selected contexts, it is simply not visible to selection as a wh-construction. To this end, I provide empirical evidence from Greek wh-in-situ questions, concentrating on issues revolving around selection, movement and the discourse. The analysis proposed treats wh-in-situ as a construction in its own right, being open to labeling possibilities that its wh-fronting counterpart cannot have.

Linguistic communication is often considered as an action serving the function of conveying the speaker's goal to the addressee. Although neuroimaging studies have suggested a role of the motor system in comprehending communicative functions, the underlying mechanism is yet to be specified. Here, by two EEG experiments and a tACS experiment, we demonstrate that the frontocentral beta oscillation, which represents action states, plays a crucial part in linguistic communication understanding. Participants read scripts involving two interlocutors and rated the interlocutors’ attitudes. Each script included a critical sentence said by the speaker expressing a context-dependent function of either promise, request, or reply to the addressee's query. These functions were behaviorally discriminated, with higher addressee's will rating for the promise than for the reply and higher speaker's will rating for the request than for the reply. EEG multivariate analyses showed that different communicative functions were represented by different patterns of the frontocentral beta activity but not by patterns of alpha activity. Further tACS results showed that, relative to alpha tACS and sham stimulation, beta tACS improved the predictability of communicative functions of request or reply, as measured by the speaker's will rating. These results convergently suggest a causal role of the frontocentral beta activities in comprehending linguistic communications.