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Jen Brull, MD, FAAFP, of Fort Collins, Colorado, was installed as AAFP president September 25, 2024 during the Congress of Delegates in Phoenix. A few hours later, she addressed thousands [...]

In its August 1973 issue, the West German gay magazine du[??]ich reported on the first International Pedophile Meeting in Breda, the Netherlands, which was attended by 'about 70 pedophiles and [...]

Recognizing speech in the presence of competing background sounds can be difficult for listeners of all ages, but it is especially challenging for children (e.g., Elliott et al., 1979; Hall [...], Purpose: Talkers often modify their speech when communicating with individuals who struggle to understand speech, such as listeners with hearing loss. This study evaluated the benefit of clear speech in school-age children and adults with normal hearing for speech-in-noise and speech-in-speech recognition. Method: Masked sentence recognition thresholds were estimated for school-age children and adults using an adaptive procedure. In Experiment 1, the target and masker were summed and presented over a loudspeaker located directly in front of the listener. The masker was either speech-shaped noise or two-talker speech, and target sentences were produced using a clear or conversational speaking style. In Experiment 2, stimuli were presented over headphones. The two-talker speech masker was diotic ([M.sub.0]). Clear and conversational target sentences were presented either in-phase ([T.sub.0]) or out-of-phase ([T.sub.n]) between the two ears. The [M.sub.0] [T.sub.TT] condition introduces a segregation cue that was expected to improve performance. Results: For speech presented over a single loudspeaker (Experiment 1), the clear-speech benefit was independent of age for the noise masker, but it increased with age for the two-talker masker. Similar age effects for the two-talker speech masker were seen under headphones with diotic presentation ([M.sub.0] [T.sub.0]), but comparable clear-speech benefit as a function of age was observed with a binaural cue to facilitate segregation ([M.sub.0] [T.sub.TT]. Conclusions: Consistent with prior research, children showed a robust clear-speech benefit for speech-in-noise recognition. Immaturity in the ability to segregate target from masker speech may limit young children's ability to benefit from clear-speech modifications for speech-inspeech recognition under some conditions. When provided with a cue that facilitates segregation, children as young as 4-7 years of age derived a clear-speech benefit in a twotalker masker that was similar to the benefit experienced by adults.

A growing body of research is devoted to understanding teacher talk or child-directed speech in the classroom as a factor in student development (e.g., Chow et al., 2020; Corrigan, 2011; [...], Purpose: Although sampling teachers' child-directed speech in school settings is needed to understand the influence of linguistic input on child outcomes, empirical guidance for measurement procedures needed to obtain representative samples is lacking. To optimize resources needed to transcribe, code, and analyze classroom samples, this exploratory study assessed the minimum number and duration of samples needed for a reliable analysis of conventional and researcher-developed measures of teacher talk in elementary classrooms. Method: This study applied fully crossed, Person (teacher) * Session (samples obtained on 3 separate occasions) generalizability studies to analyze an extant data set of three 10-min language samples provided by 28 general and special education teachers recorded during large-group instruction across the school year. Subsequently, a series of decision studies estimated of the number and duration of sessions needed to obtain the criterion g coefficient (g > .70). Results: The most stable variables were total number of words and mazes, requiring only a single 10-min sample, two 6-min samples, or three 3-min samples to reach criterion. No measured variables related to content or complexity were adequately stable regardless of number and duration of samples. Conclusions: Generalizability studies confirmed that a large proportion of variance was attributable to individuals rather than the sampling occasion when analyzing the amount and fluency of spontaneous teacher talk. In general, conventionally reported outcomes were more stable than researcher-developed codes, which suggests some categories of teacher talk are more context dependent than others and thus require more intensive data collection to measure reliably.

'Life is hard,' Steven Furr, MD, FAAFP, of Jackson, Alabama, acknowledged during remarks kicking off his AAFP presidency at the 2023 Family Medicine Experience in Chicago on October 27, 2023. [...]

Dear Sweetheart, You don't have a name yet, so I figure I'll call you what my parents call me: Sweetheart. I first started this letter when I was 14 weeks [...], As a physician and pregnant person, I reflect on my experiences providing abortion care in 2 disparate states, one protective of abortion rights and one with significant restrictions on abortion. I write this timely letter to my unborn daughter to impart the importance of abortion access and moreover, bodily autonomy for all. Key words: abortion; reproductive health; contraception

It is a privilege and honor to have the opportunity to present the Kober Lecture at the premier meeting for physician-scientists and to have the lecture published in The Journal [...]