7 results on '"Spierer, Arthur"'
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2. The CERN SPS Low Level RF: Lead Ions Acceleration
- Author
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Baudrenghien, Philippe, Egli, Julien, Hagmann, Gregoire, Spierer, Arthur, and Włostowski, Tomasz
- Subjects
Physics::Accelerator Physics ,Accelerators and Storage Rings ,Accelerator Physics ,MC6: Beam Instrumentation, Controls, Feedback and Operational Aspects - Abstract
This paper is the third of a series of three on the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) Low Level RF (LLRF). Its focus is the upgrade concerned with the acceleration of Lead ions for injection into the LHC. Lead ions are far from relativistic at injection into the SPS. Therefore, the classic acceleration scheme at constant harmonic number (h=4620) does not work as the RF frequency swing does not fit within the cavity bandwidth. Fixed Frequency Acceleration (FFA) is therefore used. The upgraded LLRF uses a completely new implementation of the FFA, based on a Numerically Controlled Oscillator (NCO) implemented as an FPGA IP in the Controller of each cavity. In addition, the 2022 scheme for LHC ions filling calls for slip stacking of two families of bunches, 100 ns spacing, to generate a 50 ns spacing after interleaving. The paper presents the key components for FFA and ions slip stacking as implemented in the new system, together with successful first tests performed in Autumn 2021., Proceedings of the 13th International Particle Accelerator Conference, IPAC2022, Bangkok, Thailand more...
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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3. Achievements and Performance Prospects of the Upgraded LHC Injectors
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Kain, Verena, Albright, Simon, Alemany-Fernández, Reyes, Angoletta, Maria Elena, Antoniou, Fanouria, Argyropoulos, Theodoros, Asvesta, Foteini, Balhan, Bruno, Barnes, Michael, Barrientos, Diego, Bartosik, Hannes, Baudrenghien, Philippe, Bellodi, Giulia, Biancacci, Nicolo, Boccardi, Andrea, Borburgh, Jan, Bracco, Chiara, Carlier, Etienne, Cotte, Denis, Coupard, Julie, Damerau, Heiko, Di Giovanni, Gian Piero, Findlay, Alan, Fraser, Matthew, Funken, Anne, Goddard, Brennan, Hagmann, Gregoire, Hanke, Klaus, Huschauer, Alexander, Jaussi, Michael, Karpov, Ivan, Koevener, Toke, Küchler, Detlef, Lallement, Jean-Baptiste, Lasheen, Alexandre, Levens, Thomas, Li, Kevin, Lombardi, Alessandra, Madysa, Nico, Mahner, Edgar, Meddahi, Malika, Mether, Lotta, Mikulec, Bettina, Molendijk, John, Montesinos, Eric, Nisbet, David, Nuiry, Francois-Xavier, Papotti, Giulia, Paraschou, Konstantinos, Pedrosa, Fernando, Prebibaj, Tirsi, Prodon, Sylvie, Quartullo, Danilo, Renner, Elisabeth, Roncarolo, Federico, Rumolo, Giovanni, Salvant, Benoit, Schenk, Michael, Scrivens, Richard, Shaposhnikova, Elena, Skowroński, Piotr, Spierer, Arthur, Tecker, Frank, Valuch, Daniel, Velotti, Francesco, Wegner, Rolf, and Zannini, Carlo more...
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Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,MC4: Hadron Accelerators ,Physics::Accelerator Physics ,Accelerators and Storage Rings ,Accelerator Physics - Abstract
To provide HL-LHC performance, the CERN LHC injector chain underwent a major upgrade during an almost 2-year-long shutdown. In the first half of 2021 the injectors were gradually re-started with the aim to reach at least pre-shutdown parameters for LHC as well as for fixed target beams. The strategy of the commissioning across the complex, a summary of the many challenges and finally the achievements will be presented. Several lessons were learned and have been integrated to define the strategy for the performance ramp-up over the coming years. Remaining limitations and prospects for LHC beam parameters at the exit of the LHC injector chain in the years to come will be discussed. Finally, the emerging need for improved operability of the CERN complex will be addressed, with a description of the first efforts to meet the availability and flexibility requirements of the HL-LHC era while at the same time maximizing fixed target physics output., Proceedings of the 13th International Particle Accelerator Conference, IPAC2022, Bangkok, Thailand more...
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. The CERN SPS Low level RF: The Cavity-Controller
- Author
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Hagmann, Gregoire, Baudrenghien, Philippe, Egli, Julien, Spierer, Arthur, Sumiński, Maciej, and Włostowski, Tomasz
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Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,Physics::Accelerator Physics ,Nuclear Experiment ,Accelerators and Storage Rings ,Accelerator Physics ,MC6: Beam Instrumentation, Controls, Feedback and Operational Aspects - Abstract
This paper is the second of a series of three on the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) Low Level RF (LLRF) upgrade. It covers the 200MHz Cavity-Controller part, that is responsible for the regulation of the accelerating field in a single SPS cavity. When the SPS is used as Large Hadron Collider (LHC) proton injector, the issue is the high beam loading that must be compensated to guarantee longitudinal stability and constant parameters over the bunch train. That calls for strong One-Turn Delay Feedback (OTFB) and Feed-Forward (FFWD). The SPS is also accelerating Lead ions (Pb). There the issue is Frequency-Modulation (FM) and Amplitude-Modulation (AM) over the turn (so called Fixed Frequency Acceleration - FFA) plus RF gymnastics for the new ions slip-stacking. The paper reviews the functional requirements, presents the block diagram, then gives details on the signal processing, firmware and hardware. Finally results from the first year of beam commissioning are presented (2021)., Proceedings of the 13th International Particle Accelerator Conference, IPAC2022, Bangkok, Thailand more...
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- 2022
5. Reusable Real-Time Software Components for the SPS Low Level RF Control System
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Sumi��ski, Maciej, Adrianek, Karol, Bielawski, Bartosz Przemyslaw, Butterworth, Andrew, Egli, Julien, Hagmann, Gregoire, Kuzmanovi��, Predrag, Novel Gonz��lez, Saul, Rey, Anthony, and Spierer, Arthur
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Timing Systems, Synchronization and Real-Time Applications ,Accelerators and Storage Rings ,Accelerator Physics - Abstract
In 2021 the Super Proton Synchrotron has been recommissioned after a complete renovation of its low level RF system (LLRF). The new system has largely moved to digital signal processing implemented as a set of functional blocks (IP cores) in Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) with associated software to control them. Some of these IP cores provide generic functionalities such as timing, function generation, data resampling and signal acquisition, and are reused in several components, with a potential application in other accelerators. To take full advantage of the modular approach, IP core flexibility must be complemented by the software stack. In this paper we present steps we have taken to reach this goal from the software point of view, and describe the custom tools and procedures used to implement the various software layers., Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Accelerator and Large Experimental Physics Control Systems, ICALEPCS2021, Shanghai, China more...
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- 2022
6. White Rabbit and MTCA.4 Use in the LLRF Upgrade for CERN’s SPS
- Author
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W��ostowski, Tomasz, Adrianek, Karol, Arruat, Michel, Baudrenghien, Philippe, Butterworth, Andrew, Daniluk, Grzegorz, Egli, Julien, Gill, John, Gingold, Tristan, Gonz��lez Cobas, Juan, Hagmann, Gregoire, Kuzmanovi��, Predrag, Lampridis, Dimitrios, Lipi��ski, Maciej, Novel Gonz��lez, Saul, Palluel, Julien, Rizzi, Mattia, Spierer, Arthur, Sumi��ski, Maciej, and Wujek, Adam more...
- Subjects
Timing Systems, Synchronization and Real-Time Applications ,Accelerators and Storage Rings ,Accelerator Physics - Abstract
The Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) Low-level RF (LLRF) system at CERN was completely revamped in 2020. In the old system, the digital signal processing was clocked by a submultiple of the RF. The new system uses a fixed-frequency clock derived from White Rabbit (WR). This triggered the development of an eRTM module for generating very precise clock signals to be fed to the optional RF backplane in MTCA.4 crates. The eRTM14/15 sandwich of modules implements a WR node delivering clock signals with a jitter below 100 fs. WR-clocked RF synthesis inside the FPGA makes it simple to reproduce the RF elsewhere by broadcasting the frequency-tuning words over the WR network itself. These words are received by the WR2RF-VME module and used to produce beam-synchronous signals such as the bunch clock and the revolution tick. This paper explains the general architecture of this new LLRF system, highlighting the role of WR-based synchronization. It then goes on to describe the hardware and gateware designs for both modules, along with their supporting software. A recount of our experience with the deployment of the MTCA.4 platform is also provided., Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Accelerator and Large Experimental Physics Control Systems, ICALEPCS2021, Shanghai, China more...
- Published
- 2022
7. The CERN SPS Low Level RF upgrade project
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Hagmann, Gregoire, Baudrenghien, Philippe, Betz, Jochen, Egli, Julien, Galindo Guarch, Francisco Javier, Kotzian, Gerd, Rizzi, Mattia, Schmid, Lorenz, Spierer, Arthur, and Włostowski, Tomasz
- Subjects
Accelerators and Storage Rings ,Accelerator Physics ,MC6: Beam Instrumentation, Controls, Feedback and Operational Aspects - Abstract
The High Luminosity LHC project (HL-LHC) calls for the doubling of the beam intensity injected from the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS). This is not possible with the present RF system consisting of four 200 MHz cavities. An upgrade was therefore launched, consisting of the installation of two more cavities during the machine shutdown in 2019-2020 (LS2). Installation of more cavities requires the installation of extra Low Level RF (LLRF) electronics. The present LLRF system consists of the original equipment installed in the 1970s, plus some additions dating from the late 1990s when the SPS was commissioned as LHC injector. The High-Power RF up-grade has motivated a complete renovation of the LLRF during LS2; use of a MicroTCA platform, use of a digital deterministic link for synchronization (the so-called White Rabbit), use of an absolute clock for the processing, new algorithms for reducing the cavity impedance, and a complete re-design of the beam control loops and slip-stacking., Proceedings of the 10th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2019, Melbourne, Australia more...
- Published
- 2019
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