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We present an extremely rare case of intrahepatic splenosis (IHS). On admission and examination, the patient was diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma and postoperative injury or inflammatory lesions of the pancreas, based on image analysis. Postoperative histopathology showed that the lesions of the liver and diaphragm were of splenic origin, and the pancreatic lesion was identified as a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. The lesson of this case is that if there is a history of splenic rupture or splenectomy, even in the presence of hepatitis or cirrhosis, doctors should be alert to the possibility of IHS. Furthermore, splenectomy may affect the blood supply to the tail of the pancreas, so patients with a pancreatic tail mass following splenectomy need follow-up and biopsy, if necessary., (Copyright © 2023 Copyright: © 2023 Indian Journal of Cancer.)

Background: Splenosis is a benign clinical condition caused by the heterotopic autotransplantation of spleen's tissue tipically occurring after spleen rupture. Splenosis may be asymptomatic and found accidentally. When signs and symptoms occur they are due to mass effect or bleeding of the splenic nodules., Case Report: 74-years-old male presenting with intestinal sub-occlusion and past medical history of post-traumatic splenectomy at 18-years-old. Based on TC findings of multiple hyperenhanced solid lesions located in greater omentum, mesentery and parietal peritoneum of right pelvic walls, the presumptive diagnosis was peritoneal carcinomatosis of unknown primary site. Stenosis of a ileum loop in the right pelvis, with dilatation and faecal stasis of the upstream loops proximal, required surgical procedure. At the opening of the peritoneal cavity the multifocal lesions varied in size, were reddish blu color, sessile, lobulate and with strong adhesions to the visceral peritoneum. Omentectomy and the blunt exicision of 3 extraparietal solid nodules, which had tenacious adhesions with stenotic ileum loop serosa for the lenght of 8 cm, were performed. Histopathological examination of surgical specimens showed splenic tissue with red pulp., Conclusion: CT scan usually do not allow to make a certain diagnosis of splenosis, so the clinical history of splenic trauma or splenectomy, positive in all cases reported in literature, represent the key in the diagnostic pathway of splenosis. Management should be conservative as much as possible nonetheless in abdominal splenosis the surgical approach should be chosen for the symptomatic patients who present abdominal pain, occlusion or bleeding., Key Words: Abdominal, Splenosis, Spleen, Surgery.

Background: Splenosis is the heterotopic autotransplantation of splenic tissue after severe splenic trauma and/or splenectomy. The epidemiology is elusive, but splenosis is frequently misdiagnosed as malignant tumors of gastrointestinal, gynecological, or hematological origin before the correct diagnosis is ultimately found. We herein report a rare case of combined, extensive intraabdominal and intrathoracic splenosis initially presenting as pleural mesothelioma., Case Presentation: A 63-year-old Caucasian male presented with dyspnea and recurring thoracic pain. Initial X-ray and computed tomography scans showed disseminated intrathoracic and intraabdominal lesions. Consequently, thoracoabdominal mesothelioma or a polytopically metastasized cancer of unknown origin was suspected. A thorough examination of the patient's medical history and contrast-enhanced ultrasound by a skilled examiner revealed the diagnosis of extensive abdominal and thoracic splenosis as a consequence of an abdominal gunshot wound with a ruptured diaphragm several decades earlier. Timely diagnosis by noninvasive measures prevented the patient from potential complications of harmful diagnostic procedures, including nuclear imaging and biopsies. The patient is currently treated for hepatitis C and chronic obstructive lung disease, whereas no specific treatment for splenosis is required., Conclusions: We present a case of rare intrathoracic and intraperitoneal splenosis mimicking mesothelioma. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound and thorough patient history were used for diagnosis and prevented this patient from having to undergo potentially harmful diagnostics. Splenosis can occur after splenic trauma and, consequently, needs to be considered as a rare differential diagnosis to malignant tumors of various origins when a matching patient history is obtained., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Splenosis is a rare disease and defined as spleen tissue autotransplantation following spleen rupture and subsequent splenectomy in most cases. The authors report ectopic splenic tissue in pleural cavity diagnosed in 31 years after blunt thoracoabdominal trauma.

Objective: To describe a case of coincidental finding of splenosis during gynecological laparoscopic surgery., Design: Case report., Setting: Department of gynecology and obstetrics, Hospital of Frýdek-Místek., Case Report: We describe the case of coincidental perioperative finding of pelvic tumorous mass that was later histologicaly verified as accsessory spleen or splenosis., Conclusion: Ectopic spleen is mostly random finding with no symptoms observed. Rarely it can cause pelvic pain or mimick adnexal malignity or endometriosis. It is neccesery to keep this rare diagnosis in mind, mainly at patients with splenic trauma or splenectomy in their medical history to preserve immunological function of this splenic tissue.

Splenosis is the autotransplantation of splenic tissue into abnormal locations due to trauma or iatrogenically. Usually, this causes no symptoms, but in rare cases the mass effect of the transplanted nodules can cause small bowel obstruction. Resection of the culprit splenic tissue is recommended, but not more extensive dissection of non-involved nodules. Our patient presented at 43 years of age with abdominal pain, distention and bilious vomiting. He had undergone a splenectomy at the age of 13 years due to splenic rupture after a motor vehicle collision. Computed tomography demonstrated a small bowel obstruction with multiple nodules suspicious of splenosis. The obstructing mass and compromised bowels. were resected. Final pathology confirmed the diagnosis. Splenosis is an uncommon aetiology of small bowel obstruction and must be considered in patients who had previous splenic trauma or surgery.

BACKGROUND Splenosis is a benign condition involving the auto-transplantation of splenic tissue at various locations, resulting from splenic injury or splenectomy. CASE REPORT A 40-year-old male, with a history of remote exploratory laparotomy with splenectomy secondary to blunt abdominal trauma, presented with symptoms consistent with acute appendicitis, which was subsequently confirmed by computed tomography scan of the abdomen that further demonstrated the presence of multiple abdominal nodules, one of which was adjacent to the appendix. A laparoscopic appendectomy was then performed along with resection of the nodule located in the mesoappendix, which was confirmed to be a splenic tissue based on histopathological examination. CONCLUSIONS Abdominal splenosis is not an uncommon condition in patients with a history of splenic injury. However, the involvement of the mesoappendix, which may or may not contribute to acute inflammation of the appendix, is very rare.

Intrathoracic splenosis is a rare diagnosis that is usually made after an invasive procedure. Most cases report concomitant rupture of the spleen and left hemidiaphragm with autotransplantation of splenic tissue into the left hemithorax. We report a case of intrathoracic splenosis with no evidence of diaphragmatic rupture. The mechanism may be explained by hematogenous spread. The patient underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for diagnosis, which could have been avoided if splenosis was suspected., (Copyright © 2019 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Splenosis, a form of ectopic splenic tissue, is generally caused by heterotopic autotransplantation of splenic tissues after traumatic splenic rupture or splenectomy. The implants are often localized intraperitoneally, mostly in the left upper quadrant and splenic region. Hepatic foci are seen only on rare occasions. The differential diagnosis of splenosis foci from malignant masses can be challenging by conventional imaging and lead to unnecessary invasive procedures. This manuscript presents radiological and scintigraphic images of splenosis foci located in the peritoneal cavity and liver capsule of a 46-year-old man who underwent splenectomy due to traumatic splenic rupture 30 years ago.

Background: Splenosis is the heterotopic autotransplantation and implantation of splenic tissue after splenic trauma or splenectomy. Considering that splenosis often occurs in the mesentery, omentum, and peritoneum, intrahepatic splenosis has seldom been reported. We report a rare case of isolated intrahepatic splenosis in a 54-year-old man who presented with a liver mass thought to be hepatocellular carcinoma., Case Presentation: A 54-year-old man was referred to our hospital for further evaluation of a liver lesion. The patient was asymptomatic and had a history of emergent splenectomy after a high-altitude falling accident. Abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed a 4.5 × 3.3 cm lesion that was located in segment IV of the left liver lobe. The lesion had an inhomogeneous enhancement during the arterial phase and diminished enhancement during the portal and equilibrium phases. Similar radiological features were also observed on a contrast magnetic resonance imaging scan. Partial hepatectomy was performed with the suspicion of hepatocellular carcinoma. Pathological examination of the liver specimen revealed intrahepatic splenosis., Conclusion: Splenosis should be considered in differential diagnosis of a liver mass discovered years after splenic trauma or surgery. A proposed scoring system may be helpful in evaluating the suspicious degree of intrahepatic mass to be splenosis. Invasive treatments are not recommended for asymptomatic patients, since the splenosis can provide beneficial immunologic function.

A 48-year-old man, former alcohol abuser and drug addicted, was referred to our tertiary referral centre for iron disorders because of marked hyperferritinaemia. His clinical history revealed chronic hepatitis C, ß-thalassaemia trait and post-traumatic splenectomy at age of 22. MRI-estimated liver iron content was markedly elevated, while first-line genetic test for haemochromatosis was negative. Alpha-fetoprotein was increased but liver ultrasonography did not reveal focal liver lesions. Multiphasic contrast-enhanced CT confirmed this result but showed two abdominal masses (diameter of 9 cm and 7 cm, respectively) among bowel loops, strongly suspicious for cancer. However, biopsy of one of the masses led to the final diagnosis of abdominal splenosis., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© BMJ Publishing Group Ltd (unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2018. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.)

Background: Splenosis is a benign and relatively uncommon condition caused by trauma or splenectomy or other procedures involving splenic tissue. It is usually asymptomatic, and often diagnosed accidentally, especially misdiagnosed as malignant tumor., Methods: A 54-year-old man with prior history of chronic hepatitis B virus infection and underwent splenectomy for traumatic splenic rupture following a traffic accident 23 years previously was admitted to our hospital and found a hepatic mass in the right upper quadrant during an imaging examination. The diagnosis of his was not clear and finally he agreed to receive a surgical treatment., Results: During the operation, we found a mass in the right posterior lobe of the liver and a hard nodule on the right side of the diaphragm, both were completely resected, and postoperative histopathologic examination revealed that all excised tissues were proved to have histological structure typical for the spleen., Conclusions: The occurrence of intrahepatic splenosis is rare with only few cases previously reported in the literature. It is a benign disease and sometimes difficult to distinguish from diseases of the liver. The need for positive surgical resection of splenosis is still controversial., (Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Thoracic splenosis is defined as the autotransplantation of splenic tissue into thorax. It occurs due to splenic rupture in association with a diaphragmatic tear on the left side after a traumatic event. It is a rare disease that most commonly remains undiscovered as it is usually asymptomatic., Case Outline: We present a symptomatic case of thoracic splenosis in a 53-year-old smoker male patient with a medical history of abdominal surgery and splenectomy for a thoracoabdominal gunshot. Three years before the medical examination he was suffering from dyspnea, frequent coughing, left pleuritic chest pain and complained about faster fatigue. A chest radiograph obtained during a medical checkup showed a multinodular left pleura-based mass in the upper lobe. Established histopathological diagnosis after surgical removal of the nodule was splenosis. No evidence of malignancy was observed., Conclusion: Splenosis should be considered as a differential diagnosis by the undertaken workup of left pulmonary nodules or masses in patients with a history of trauma.

Splenosis refers to heterotopic autotransplantation and implantation of splenic tissue following splenic trauma or surgery. Splenosis in gastric fundus is rare and difficult to diagnose, since splenosis has similar manifestation with gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) under routine endoscopy examination. In this report, we present two quite rare case of splenosis. Both of their pre-operative diagnose under endoscopic ultrasonography was considered as GIST. Finally, one in the abdominal cavity, adhering closely to the gastric fundus, measuring 20 mm × 15 mm, was resected by surgical operation, and one in the gastric fundus, measuring 20 mm × 20 mm, was resected by endoscopic surgery. The precise diagnosis of splenosis was distinct by post-operative histopathologic examination. In addition, we also made a mini review of previously published articles, in order to provide indication to solve future doubts in diagnosing and treating splenosis.

Hepatic splenosis, one type of manifestation of ectopic spleen tissue, is rarely reported. It cannot be distinguished from hepatic malignancies because of lack of significant radiological features. By means of this case report and 31 literature reviews, potential treatment modalities concerning clinical diagnostics, patient's management could be discussed.The report presents the case of a 33-year-old man with a liver lesion. Finally, after a mini-incision laparotomy, the lesion was resected and the diagnosis confirmed it as hepatic splenosis. A literature search for case reports published between January 1, 1900, and August 1, 2014, was performed on PubMed.Approximately 80% (27/34) of patients diagnosed with hepatic splenosis had a history of splenectomy. The mean time interval between splenectomy and hepatic splenosis detection was 25 (1.5-47) years. The median size of reported hepatic splenosis is 30  mm in diameter. Technetium-99m-labeled heat denatured red-blood-cells scintigraphy or superparamagnetic iron oxide-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging is now considered to be the optimal method of diagnosing splenosis.Hepatic splenosis requires no treatment in most cases. Operation should be performed if it is accompanied by hypersplenism in hematological diseases. When the diagnosis remains unclear, further biopsy or laparoscopy is recommended. If hepatic splenosis is confirmed, careful follow-up is beneficial.

Context: Article analyzes current data on macroamylasemia and splenosis, their etiology and diagnostics in particular., Case Report: Authors presented their own clinical observation of a young woman who was diagnosed to have macroamylasemia on the background of splenosis due to the splenectomy after blunt abdominal injury., Conclusion: This is the first time such a combination of macroamylasemia on the background of splenosis has been described in the literature.

Splenosis is a rare occurrence that is defined as autotransplantation of splenic tissue usually after splenic rupture due to trauma and subsequent splenectomy. Although splenosis most commonly occurs in the abdomen, the authors report a rare case of thoracic splenosis after remote thoracoabdominal trauma. A 62-year-old woman was found to have lower-lobe, pleural-based nodular lesions in juxtaposition to the posteromedial segment of the lung during workup for an abdominal hernia. Surgical excision of the mass confirmed the diagnosis of ectopic splenic tissue, and splenosis was diagnosed. This woman was among the rare 18% of people who are found to have splenosis in the intrathoracic space. In the workup of pulmonary nodules in patients with a history of trauma, splenosis should be a consideration.

Splenosis is defined as the autotransplantation of splenic tissue resulting from the spillage of cells from the pulp of damaged spleen after splenic injury or splenectomy. The splenic tissue implants are generally numerous, and the preferred location is the grater omentum. Pancreatic splenosis is a rare condition with only two previous cases reported in the English literature. We describe a case of pancreatic splenosis with unusual characteristics, in which a definitive diagnosis was obtained with the use of (99m)Technetium-sulfur-colloid scintigraphy avoiding invasive procedures or surgical removal., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: After traumatic splenic injury or splenectomy, small isolated spleens may develop. These implants are not limited to the left upper quadrant, and splenosis in other locations can mimic other pathologic entities. This pictorial essay presents the range of appearances of intraabdominal and pelvic splenosis., Conclusion: Radiologists can suggest or establish the correct diagnosis of splenosis in the appropriate clinical setting, particularly in less typical cases, to avert unnecessary tissue sampling.