38 results on '"Sponza, Stefano"'
Search Results
2. Quantifying Transgressive Coastal Changes Using UAVs: Dune Migration, Overwash Recovery, and Barrier Flooding Assessment and Interferences with Human and Natural Assets
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Casagrande, Giulia, primary, Bezzi, Annelore, additional, Fracaros, Saverio, additional, Martinucci, Davide, additional, Pillon, Simone, additional, Salvador, Paolo, additional, Sponza, Stefano, additional, and Fontolan, Giorgio, additional
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- 2023
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3. Circular Bedforms Due to Pit Foraging of Greater Flamingo Phoenicopterus roseus in a Back-Barrier Intertidal Habitat
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Salvador, Paolo, primary, Bezzi, Annelore, additional, Martinucci, Davide, additional, Sponza, Stefano, additional, and Fontolan, Giorgio, additional
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- 2022
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4. Diet of Great Cormorants Phalacrocorax carbo in Relation to Fish Resources in the Upper Adriatic Sea
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Cosolo, Mauro, primary, Privileggi, Nicoletta, additional, and Sponza, Stefano, additional
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- 2022
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5. A new successful breeding site of Collared Pratincole Glareola pratincola along the northern Adriatic coastline.
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Sponza, Stefano and Salvador, Paolo
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LAGOONS , *PALEARCTIC , *COLONIES (Biology) - Abstract
The Collared Pratincole Glareola pratincola has a large and fragmented breeding distribution in the Palearctic. In Italy it is an uncommon migrant breeder and the breeding sites are very patchily distributed and irregularly used, with most frequent occurrences in the N Adriatic, N Apulia, Campania, Sardinia and Sicily. We report a new breeding site for the species along the northern Adriatic coastline in the Marano and Grado Lagoon (Friuli Venezia Giulia region, NE Italy), which represents the first breeding evidence for the Friuli Venezia Giulia region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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6. Geomorphological Changes of a Migrating Sandbank: Multidecadal Analysis as a Tool for Managing Conflicts in Coastal Use
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Bezzi, Annelore, primary, Casagrande, Giulia, additional, Fracaros, Saverio, additional, Martinucci, Davide, additional, Pillon, Simone, additional, Sponza, Stefano, additional, Bratus, Antonio, additional, Fattor, Fabrizio, additional, and Fontolan, Giorgio, additional
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- 2021
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7. Prey ecology and behaviour affect foraging strategies in the Great Cormorant
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Cosolo, Mauro, Ferrero, Enrico A., and Sponza, Stefano
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- 2010
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8. Diving costs and benefits during post-breeding movements of the Mediterranean shag in the North Adriatic Sea
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Sponza, Stefano, Cimador, Barbara, Cosolo, Mauro, and Ferrero, Enrico A.
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- 2010
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9. Laterality in the wild: preferential hemifield use during predatory and sexual behaviour in the black-winged stilt
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Ventolini, Nicola, Ferrero, Enrico A., Sponza, Stefano, Della Chiesa, Andrea, Zucca, Paolo, and Vallortigara, Giorgio
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Neurosciences ,Zoology and wildlife conservation - Abstract
To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2004.09.003 Byline: Nicola Ventolini, Enrico A. Ferrero, Stefano Sponza, Andrea Della Chiesa, Paolo Zucca, Giorgio Vallortigara Abstract: We recorded preferential use of the left and right monocular visual field in black-winged stilts, Himantopus himantopus, during predatory pecking and during courtship and mating behaviour in a naturalistic setting. The stilts had a population-level preference for using their right monocular visual field before predatory pecking; pecks that followed right-hemifield detection were more likely to be successful than pecks that followed left-hemifield detection, as evinced by the occurrence of swallowing and shaking head movements after pecking. In contrast, shaking behaviour, a component of courtship displays, and copulatory attempts by males were more likely to occur when females were seen with the left monocular visual field. Asymmetric hemifield use observed in natural conditions raises interesting issues as to the costs and benefits of population-level behavioural lateralization in wild animals. Author Affiliation: (*) Department of Psychology, University of Trieste, Italy (a ) B.R.A.I.N. Center for Neuroscience, University of Trieste, Italy (a ) Department of Biology, University of Trieste, Italy (As.) Cognitive Neuroscience Sector, International School for Advanced Studies, Italy Article Note: (miscellaneous) MS. number: 8061
- Published
- 2005
10. Seagrass - waterbirds interactions in a lagoon ecosystem of the northern Adriatic Sea
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Vitti, Stefano, Francesco, Boscutti, Valentino, Casolo, Sponza, Stefano, Società Botanica Italiana, Vitti, Stefano, Boscutti, Francesco, Casolo, Valentino, and Sponza, Stefano
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food chain ,plant ,animal ,lagoon - Abstract
The main goal of this work is to understand the interactions between primary producers (plants) and consumers (herbivore birds) for the conservation of ecosystems such as lagoons, in the view of plantherbivore interactions. We studied the relationships between the abundance of the herbivore bird Eurasian Wigeon (Anas penelope) and the distribution of three seagrass species (Cymodocea nodosa, Zoostera marina and Nanozostera noltei) occurring in the Marano and Grado lagoon. This is a large waterbody located in the north part of the Adriatic Sea, in Friuli Venezia Giulia region, Italy (1) and it is morphologically classified as a leaky lagoon (2). Twelve bird monitoring areas were monthly surveyed during three years and seagrass distribution data were collected. The overall number of individuals of A. penelope was related to seagrass meadow extension and species cover by using a multiscale approach in four circle buffers (with radius of 500 m, 750 m, 1,000 m and 1,250 m). Among the considered scales, the 500 m radius and 1,250 m radius showed similar statistical scores, having lower performances for all the considered statistical parameters. The 750 m radius scale had the best performances. The total number of Eurasian wigeon individuals was related with area occupied by seagrass meadows and the mean percentage cover of C. nodosa and N. noltei. In particular, the number of observed individuals of wigeon increased where there was a larger area occupied by seagrasses meadows. Results showed also that when C. nodosa mean percentage cover increased the number of wigeon decreased, while if N. noltei mean percentage cover increased wigeon number increased. Finally, Z. marina showed a not statistically relevant influence in all the tested scales. Our findings confirmed that, in lagoon ecosystems, wigeon wintering populations shows co-occurrence on the abundance of seagrass meadows.
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- 2019
11. Diet of Great Cormorants Phalacrocorax carbo in Relation to Fish Resources in the Upper Adriatic Sea.
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Cosolo, Mauro, Privileggi, Nicoletta, and Sponza, Stefano
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The necessity of balancing conservation issues with the protection of aquaculture activities drives research to quantify the impact of the Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo and to identify the best mitigation strategies. This study aims to characterise the diet in relation to the possible impact of the Great Cormorant on the extensive aquaculture farms in Friuli Venezia Giulia region in the upper Adriatic Sea. The diet of the species was investigated by analysing 459 pellets, collected monthly during the winter 2006/2007 in the three most important roosts of the Friuli Venezia Giulia coastline. Cormorants proved to feed mainly on typical fish species of lagoon and coastal waters. By frequency, Sand Smelts Atherina boyeri (54%) and Flounders Platichthys flesus (26%) were the main prey. Flounders played an important role also in terms of biomass (35%), together with mullets (Mugilidae, 28%). Commercially-important aquaculture species (European Seabass Dicentrarchus labrax and Gilthead Bream Sparus aurata) represented only 2% and 14% by frequency and biomass. The diet analysis supports our previous studies, carried out by behavioural observations on Cormorants foraging at different depths, on interactions with the main prey and strategies of exploitation of the fish farms. Our data imply that the Great Cormorant does not have a large effect on aquaculture yield in the north Adriatic Sea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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12. UAV high resolution photogrammetry applied to coastal geomorphology: a dune and a barrier island case
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Martinucci, Davide, Pillon, Simone, Sponza, Stefano, Bezzi, Annelore, Popesso, Chiara, Casagrande, G., Fontolan, Giorgio, EUCC France, Martinucci, Davide, Pillon, Simone, Sponza, Stefano, Bezzi, Annelore, Popesso, Chiara, Casagrande, G., and Fontolan, Giorgio
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dune ,UAV, photogrammetry, dune, barrier island ,UAV ,barrier island ,photogrammetry - Published
- 2016
13. Seagrass meadow cover and species composition drive the abundance of Eurasian wigeon ( Mareca penelope L.) in a lagoon ecosystem of the northern Adriatic Sea
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Boscutti, Francesco, primary, Vitti, Stefano, additional, Casolo, Valentino, additional, Roppa, Flavio, additional, Tamburlin, Daniel, additional, and Sponza, Stefano, additional
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- 2019
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14. Genetic structure in the European endemic seabird, Phalacrocorax aristotelis, shaped by a complex interaction of historical and contemporary, physical and nonphysical drivers
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Thanou, Evanthia, Sponza, Stefano, Nelson, Emily J., Perry, Annika, Wanless, Sarah, Daunt, Francis, Cavers, Stephen, Thanou, Evanthia, Sponza, Stefano, Nelson, Emily J., Perry, Annika, Wanless, Sarah, Daunt, Francis, and Cavers, Stephen
- Abstract
Geographically separated populations tend to be less connected by gene flow, as a result of physical or non-physical barriers preventing dispersal, and this can lead to genetic structure. In this context, highly mobile organisms such as seabirds are interesting because the small effect of physical barriers means non-physical ones may be relatively more important. Here we use microsatellite and mitochondrial data to explore the genetic structure and phylogeography of Atlantic and Mediterranean populations of a European endemic seabird, the European Shag, Phalacrocorax aristotelis, and identify the primary drivers of their diversification. Analyses of mitochondrial markers revealed three phylogenetic lineages grouping the North Atlantic, Spanish/Corsican and Eastern Mediterranean populations, apparently arising from fragmentation during the Pleistocene followed by range expansion. These traces of historical fragmentation were also evident in the genetic structure estimated by microsatellite markers, despite significant contemporary gene flow among adjacent populations. Stronger genetic structure, probably promoted by landscape, philopatry and local adaptation, was found among distant populations and those separated by physical and ecological barriers. This study highlights the enduring effect of Pleistocene climatic changes on shag populations, especially within the Mediterranean Basin, and suggests a role for cryptic northern refugia, as well as known southern refugia, on the genetic structure of European seabirds. Finally, it outlines how contemporary ecological barriers and behavioral traits may maintain population divergence, despite long-distance dispersal triggered by extreme environmental conditions (e.g. population crashes).
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- 2017
15. Varying demographic impacts of different fisheries on three Mediterranean seabird species
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European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Genovart, Meritxell, Doak, Daniel F., Igual, José Manuel, Sponza, Stefano, Kralj, Jelena, Oro, Daniel, European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Genovart, Meritxell, Doak, Daniel F., Igual, José Manuel, Sponza, Stefano, Kralj, Jelena, and Oro, Daniel
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Fisheries have an enormous economic importance, but reconciling their socio-economic features with the conservation and sustainability of marine ecosystems presents major challenges. Bycatch mortality from fisheries is clearly among the most serious global threats for marine ecosystems, affecting a wide range of top predators. Recent estimates report ca. 200,000 seabirds killed annually by bycatch in European waters. However, there is an urgent need to rigorously estimate actual mortality rates and quantify effects of bycatch on populations. The Mediterranean Sea is one of the most impacted regions. Here, we estimate for the first time both bycatch mortality rates and their population-level effects on three endemic and vulnerable Mediterranean taxa: Scopoli’s shearwater, Mediterranean shag, and Audouin’s gull, that die in different types of fishing gears: longlines, gillnets and sport trolling, respectively. We use multi-event capture–recapture modelling to estimate crucial demographic parameters, including the probabilities of dying in different fishing gears. We then build stochastic demography models to forecast the viability of the populations under different management scenarios. Longline bycatch was particularly severe for adults of Scopoli’s shearwaters and Audouin’s gulls (ca. 28% and 23% of total mortality, respectively) and also for immature gulls (ca. 90% of mortality). Gillnets had a lower impact, but were still responsible for ca. 9% of juvenile mortality on shags, whereas sport trolling only slightly influenced total mortality in gulls. Bycatch mortality has high population-level impacts in all three species, with shearwaters having the highest extinction risk under current mortality rates. Different life-history traits and compensatory demographic mechanisms between the three species are probably influencing the different bycatch impact: for shearwaters, urgent conservation actions are required to ensure the viability of their populations. Results wil
- Published
- 2017
16. Varying demographic impacts of different fisheries on three Mediterranean seabird species
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Genovart, Meritxell, primary, Doak, Daniel F., additional, Igual, José‐Manuel, additional, Sponza, Stefano, additional, Kralj, Jelena, additional, and Oro, Daniel, additional
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- 2017
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17. Genetic structure in the European endemic seabird,Phalacrocorax aristotelis, shaped by a complex interaction of historical and contemporary, physical and nonphysical drivers
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Thanou, Evanthia, primary, Sponza, Stefano, additional, Nelson, Emily J., additional, Perry, Annika, additional, Wanless, Sarah, additional, Daunt, Francis, additional, and Cavers, Stephen, additional
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- 2017
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18. How many Great cormorants breed in Italy? Results from the 2011 national colony census
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Volponi, Stefano, Basso, Marco, Caula, Bruno, Cosolo, Mauro, Emiliani, Davide, Gagliardi, Alessandra, Gola, Laura, Panzarin, Lucio, Sponza, Stefano, R. Tinarelli, Albanese, Giuseppe, Bacchi, Egidio, Bartolini, Alessio, Brunelli, Massimo, Calvario, Enrico, Carini, Renato, Carotenuto, Luciana, Ciaccio, Andrea, Fasola, Mauro, Gelati, Antonio, Grattini, Nunzio, Ientile, Renzo, La Grua, G., Mancini, Vincenzo, Pezzo, Francesco, Puglisi, Luca, Re, Alessandro, Sarrocco, Stefano, Trainito, Egidio, Beraudo, Pier Luigi, and Zini, Ciro
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- 2011
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19. Dinamiche spazio temporali nell’utilizzo dell’habitat da parte dell’avifauna acquatica nella zona costiera del Friuli Venezia Giulia: alcuni casi di studio
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Roppa, Flavio, Utmar, Paolo, Cosolo, Mauro, and Sponza, Stefano
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H2OFVG - Abstract
Sono stati analizzati, durante la fase di svernamento, i movimenti a corto raggio di quattro specie di uccelli acquatici, il Fischione (Anas penelope), il Chiurlo maggiore (Numenius arquata), la Pivieressa (Pluvialis squatarola) e il Piovanello pancianera (Calidris alpina), tutte specie migratrici regolari di importanza internazionale e/o nazionale per la laguna di Grado e Marano. Per il Fischione, unica specie cacciabile delle tre, è stata quantificata la distribuzione a livello mensile. Dall’analisi di questi primi dati emerge, con l’inizio della stagione venatoria, un prevalente utilizzo da parte della specie di aree con basso disturbo antropico e ricche di risorsa trofica. Si rileva, successivamente, un utilizzo più diffuso dell’area di studio, con uno spostamento sempre più marcato verso i settori più occidentali della laguna. Per le tre specie di limicoli è stata quantificata la distribuzione mensile delle specie nei principali roost (raggruppamenti di alta marea), ed è stata sovrapposta alle localizzazioni ottenute con la radiotelemetria. Da questi primi dati emerge una marcata stanzialità per il Chiurlo maggiore nei pressi dei siti di cattura, e, viceversa, un’elevata mobilità per il Piovanello pancianera e la Pivieressa, tanto da ritrovare diversi individui, marcati con le trasmittenti, in laguna di Venezia. Si sottolinea, quindi, l’importanza, in vista dei futuri piani di gestione dei Siti di Importanza Comunitaria e delle Zone di Protezione Speciale, della comprensione delle dinamiche spazio temporali che regolano la fase di svernamento di queste specie, al fine di una loro corretta gestione e conservazione. During the wintering phase, the short-distance movements of four waterbird species – Widgeon (Anas penelope), Eurasian Curlew (Numenius arquata), Grey Plover (Pluvialis squatarola) and Dunlin (Calidris alpina) – have been analysed. All four are regular migratory species of international and/or national interest for Grado and Marano Lagoon. For the widgeon, the only species that can be hunted, the monthly distribution has been estimated. The analysis of these preliminary data shows that, with the beginning of the hunting season, the birds tend to use especially the areas with low human disturbance and high trophic resources. With the progress of the season, a more balanced use of the study area is shown, with an increasing movement of the population towards the western part of the lagoon. For the three waders, the monthly distribution at the main roosts have been quantified, and this has been overlapped to the radio-telemetry localizations. These preliminary data show that curlews tend to remain in the areas where they are caught, whereas grey plovers and dunlins are highly mobile. Indeed, some individuals were found in the lagoon of Venice. These case studies highlight the importance of understanding the spatial-temporal wintering dynamics of these species, in order to manage and conserve them efficiently and to develop complete and exaustive management plans of Natura 2000 sites.
- Published
- 2007
20. Interazione tra avifauna ittiofaga ed attività produttive nella laguna di Grado e Marano: il caso del Cormorano
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Cosolo, Mauro, Utmar, Paolo, Roppa, Flavio, and Sponza, Stefano
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H2OFVG - Abstract
Fra gli uccelli ittiofagi il Cormorano (Phalacrocorax carbo) viene considerata la specie a maggior impatto sulle attività di acquacoltura, considerando non solo il prelievo diretto, ma anche i casi indiretti di morte per shock termico, dovuti alle incursioni nelle vasche da sverno, e per le ferite provocate ai pesci. Da questo punto di vista l’incremento della popolazione a partire dalla fine degli anni ‘80 ha portato a forti situazioni di conflitto tra le attività produttive legate alla vallicoltura e la necessità della conservazione della specie. Gli studi effettuati sinora hanno fornito contributi diversi, evidenziando che ogni allevamento presenta caratteristiche ecologiche, ambientali ed antropiche peculiari, che si riflettono sul grado di impatto della specie. Questo lavoro si prefigge di definire l’importanza di alcuni contesti ambientali per la biologia del Cormorano nella laguna di Grado e Marano e di quantificare il prelievo all’interno di queste aree. Dai dati raccolti si evince la stagionalità della presenza della specie, l’elevata valenza ecologica e la concentrazione spazio-temporale degli eventi importanti di foraggiamento. Si conferma quindi un ampio areale in cui la ricerca del cibo riguarda pochi individui e aree limitate in cui molti individui si alimentano per brevi periodi. Per le valli da pesca l’impatto maggiore viene registrato nei mesi di novembre e dicembre, all’interno dei bacini utilizzati per lo svernamento del pesce e nei canali circondariali. Si ritiene, quindi, vista la variabilità e la non regolarità nell’impatto, che l’utilizzo di metodi di dissuasione passivi potrebbero risultare efficaci e che gli eventuali abbattimenti in deroga di un certo numero di individui dovrebbero essere limitati ai mesi in cui si manifesta il prelievo maggiore. Among all waterbirds, the Cormorant is considered the species with the highest impact on aquaculture activities, both considering direct fish removal and indirect causes of death, due to thermic shock and to injuries caused by bird incursions in the wintering tanks. The Cormorant population increase that has been witnessed since the end of the Eighties has caused strong conflicts between fish farming activities and conservation needs of the bird species. Up to now, all the studies carried out stress the importance of each fish farm’s peculiar ecological, environmental and anthropic characteristics, as they have an effect on the level of impact of the Cormorant. This study aims at determining the importance of different environments for the Cormorant biology in the Grado and Marano Lagoon, and at quantifying the level of fish removal within such areas. Our data evidentiate the species’ seasonality, its high ecological relevance and the spatial-temporal concentration of its foraging activities. Indeed, foraging strategies are characterised by wide areas where only a fewindividuals search for food, and by restricted areas where a lot of individuals feed for short periods. In fish farms, the highest impact is recorded in November and December, within wintering areas and canals. Hence, considering the high variability and irregularity of the impact, passive dissuasion methods may be generally sufficient, and the possible shooting of a certain number of individuals should be restricted to the months when fish removal is highest.
- Published
- 2007
21. Gimme shelter: uccelli acquatici a rischio nella zona costiera tra la foce del Timavo e la foce del Tagliamento
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Utmar, Paolo, Sponza, Stefano, and Zanutto, Ignazio
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H2OFVG - Abstract
Il presente contributo analizza lo stato dell’avifauna nidificante nella zona costiera del Friuli Venezia Giulia. Se per lo svernamento e la sosta durante le migrazioni la zona considerata è da ritenersi molto vocata con un numero di specie ed individui paragonabile alle altre zone umide maggiori dell’Alto Adriatico, per la nidificazione il valore locale risulta minore. Nel periodo riproduttivo la scarsa o nulla mobilità dei soggetti nidificanti deve essere compensata da condizioni di idoneità ambientale e di elevata tranquillità. La semplificazione territoriale seguita all’antropizzazione, in particolare alle bonifiche, unita al disturbo diretto da parte delle molteplici attività umane deprime le potenzialità dell’area. La nidificazione coloniale di Ciconiformi e Caradriformi è concentrata in porzioni molto ridotte di territorio (con l’eccezione del Gabbiano reale mediterraneo), talora al di fuori di ogni vincolo di tutela, mentre una serie di impatti naturali ed antropici mette a rischio il mantenimento di alcune popolazioni nidificanti. Fatta salva la conservazione dell’esistente, risulta necessario intraprendere alcune azioni volte a rallentare i fenomeni in atto e a ricostruire gli ambienti scomparsi. La ricostruzione delle barene in laguna di Marano e di un mosaico di zone umide d’acqua dolce con diverse tipologie (canneti, boschi umidi, prati temporaneamente allagati e pascolati) nelle zone perilagunari, insieme ad una gestione “integrata” di alcune delle valli da pesca estensive di maggiori dimensioni, potrebbero incrementare il valore delle zone umide regionali per gli uccelli acquatici nidificanti. This study analyses the state of conservation of breeding waterbirds in the coastal areas of the Region Friuli Venezia Giulia. Such areas are very important for wintering and resting during migrations, with species and individual numbers comparable to those of the other main Northern Adriatic wetlands. However, breeding waterbirds are not as abundant and diverse. Indeed, during the reproductive season the presence of breeding individuals is related to good environmental conditions and to low levels of disturbance. The loss of habitats caused by human interventions, in particular wetland reclaiming, and the disturbance deriving from human activities, have drastically decreased the area potentials. Colonial breeding of Ciconidae and Caradridae is concentrated in very small territories (with the exception of the Yellow Legged Gull), that in some cases are not even protected, whereas a series of natural and human impacts places at risk the maintenance of some breeding populations. The efforts should thus be devoted both to the conservation of habitats and species that are already presents, and to the restoration of habitats that have disappeared. Saltmarsh rebuilding in Marano lagoon and the creation of a variety of freshwater wetlands (reedbeds, riveline woodlands, flooded and grazed meadows) in the perilagoonal areas, together with the integrated management of some extensive fishfarms, could increase the value of regional wetlands for breeding waterbirds.
- Published
- 2007
22. Ruolo ecologico delle zone umide costiere del Friuli Venezia Giulia per l’avifauna acquatica: importanza delle zone soggette a marea e delle valli arginate
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Cosolo, Mauro, Utmar, Paolo, Roppa, Flavio, and Sponza, Stefano
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H2OFVG - Abstract
La laguna di Grado e Marano è uno dei siti più rilevanti dell’Adriatico e d’Italia per l’avifauna acquatica, con 6 specie di valore internazionale e 26 di importanza nazionale. Su 20.000 ha di zone umide costiere, il sistema di valli da pesca copre circa 1700 ha. Scopo del presente lavoro è di valutare il ruolo ecologico dell’area per gli uccelli acquatici e l’importanza relativa delle valli arginate rispetto alle zone soggette a marea. A tal fine sono stati scelti tre ambiti vallivi, differenti per grado di protezione, utilizzo antropico e livelli di pressione venatoria, e tre zone esposte a marea. Si evidenzia per la laguna di Grado e Marano dei buoni valori di ricchezza in fase di svernamento, mentre si rileva un crollo nel numero di specie durante la nidificazione. Dal confronto dei valori di ricchezza fra le zone soggette a marea e le valli da pesca, emerge l’importanza di quest’ultime come zone di rifugio. Scendendo nel confronto tra le tre valli viene evidenziato il valore della Valle Cavanata come ex valle da pesca, gestita attualmente a fini naturalistici. Nel confronto tra le valli produttive, la scelta incentrata su una sola giornata di caccia alla settimana sembra non interferire più di tanto sul numero di specie e di individui. L’attività venatoria che prevede 5 giornate di caccia a settimana sembra, invece, portare ad un impoverimento sia di ricchezza che di numero di individui. Al di fuori della stagione venatoria, i bassi valori di ricchezza nelle valli produttive vanno ricercati nel disturbo arrecato alle specie per le attività manutentive e nel mantenimento di elevati livelli idrici. Per le aree soggette a marea, va sottolineata l’enorme importanza della laguna e delle piane di marea emergenti, come ambienti prioritari ai sensi della Direttiva “Habitat”. The Grado and Marano Lagoon is one of the most important areas both at the Adriatic and the Italian level for the waterbirds, with 6 species of international relevance and 26 of national relevance. The fish farm system covers 1.700 ha, on a total coastal wetland surface of 20.000 ha. Aim of the present study is to evaluate the ecological role of such area for waterbirds, and the relative importance of fish farms and of tidal areas. For this purpose, three fish farms have been chosen, characterised by different levels of protection, anthropic use and shooting pressure, and three tidal areas. In the Grado and Marano Lagoon there is a high richness of species during the wintering period, whereas there is a strong decrease in species numbers during the breeding season. The comparison between the richness indexes recorded in tidal areas and in fish farms evidentiates that fish farms are important refuge sites. By comparing the three fish farms, it is apparent that Valle Cavanata has the highest ecological value, probably because it is not an operative fish farm anymore, but it is managed for conservation purposes. The comparison between the two productive fish farms highlights that a single shooting day per week does not interfere excessively with the number of species and of individuals. On the other hand, 5 shooting days per week seem to lead to depauperation of species richness and bird abundance. Out of the shooting season, the low richness values recorded in productive fish farms are probably related to the disturbance caused by maintainance activities, and to the high water levels that are kept in the ponds. With regard to the tidal areas, it must be stressed that mudflats and sandflats not covered by water at low tide are extremely relevant as priority habitats according to the EU ‘Habitat’ Directive.
- Published
- 2007
23. Breeding record of Pygmy Cormorant, Phalacrocorax pygmaeus, in Friuli Venezia Giulia (North East Italy).
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Cosolo, Mauro, primary and Sponza, Stefano, additional
- Published
- 2012
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24. Dietary changes of Mediterranean ShagsPhalacrocorax aristotelis desmarestiibetween the breeding and post-breeding seasons in the upper Adriatic Sea
- Author
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Cosolo, Mauro, primary, Privileggi, Nicoletta, additional, Cimador, Barbara, additional, and Sponza, Stefano, additional
- Published
- 2011
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25. Interactions between fish resources and Cormorants Phalacrocorax carbo in the Grado and Marano lagoon (NE Italy)
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Cosolo, Mauro, primary, Utmar, Paolo, additional, Roppa, Flavio, additional, and Sponza, Stefano, additional
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- 2009
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26. Effect of abiotic and biotic factors on the abundance of waterbirds in Grado-Marano Lagoon (Italy)
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Altobelli, Alfredo, primary, Hubina, Tatsiana, additional, Sponza, Stefano, additional, and Sisto, Alberto, additional
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- 2008
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27. Effect of abiotic and biotic factors on the abundance of waterbirds in Grado-Marano Lagoon (Italy).
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Altobelli, Alfredo, Hubina, Tatsiana, Sponza, Stefano, and Sisto, Alberto
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- 2008
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28. Adaptive details in the comparison of predatory behaviourw of four owl species
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Csermely, Davide, primary, Casagrande, Stefania, additional, and Sponza, Stefano, additional
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- 2002
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29. Role of experience and maturation in barn owl predatory behaviour
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Csermely, Davide, primary and Sponza, Stefano, additional
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- 1995
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30. Dietary changes of Mediterranean Shags Phalacrocorax aristotelis desmarestii between the breeding and post-breeding seasons in the upper Adriatic Sea.
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Cosolo, Mauro, Privileggi, Nicoletta, Cimador, Barbara, and Sponza, Stefano
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Capsule Shags move between breeding and non-breeding areas and this is associated with a significant change in diet. Aims To determine whether the diet of Shags nesting on islets off the Croatian coast is the same as their diet after the post-breeding move to the Gulf of Trieste. Methods Diet was determined by the analysis of 611 regurgitated food pellets. Results A total of 23 988 prey items were identified in the sample of pellets. Post-breeding Shags in the Gulf of Trieste focused on demersal and relatively immobile Gobiidae (81.5% by number, 87.1% by biomass). The most frequent prey species was Gobius niger (70.8% by number). In the breeding season at Oruda island, Croatia, the diet was more varied. Breeding Shags fed on bentho-pelagic, mobile prey such as Atherina boyeri (28.4% in frequency), Serranus hepatus (16.1%) and Crenilabrus tinca (12.0%), while Gobiidae had a dietary frequency of only 18.1%. With respect to biomass the most important prey were Crenilabrus tinca (19.0%) and Serranus hepatus (18.4%). Conclusion We suggest that the movement of Shags within the Adriatic Sea is driven by dietary requirements. Most previous studies of Shag diet have shown that Shags tend to have a more specialized diet during the breeding season, concentrating upon demersal prey species. However, we have found that birds breeding at the Croatian study colony show dietary diversity. We suggest that lack of dietary specialization is a facultative response to local prey abundance, and is probably the result of over-fishing of demersal species in the areas around the breeding locations in which the birds find suitable sites and are little disturbed by human activity. Shags may move immediately after breeding to the Gulf of Trieste because demersal species are likely to be more abundant there. As a consequence, the diet becomes more specialized and is then more similar to the diet of other populations of Shags. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2011
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31. Interactions between fish resources and Cormorants Phalacrocorax carboin the Grado and Marano lagoon (NE Italy)
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Cosolo, Mauro, Utmar, Paolo, Roppa, Flavio, and Sponza, Stefano
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Interactions between fish resources and Cormorants Phalacrocorax carboin the Grado and Marano lagoon (NE Italy)The aim of this study was to determine the importance of different environments for Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbobiology in the Grado and Marano lagoon (Friuli Venezia Giulia, NE Italy, Upper Adriatic Sea), and to estimate the levels of fish removal within such areas. Data were collected on Cormorant abundance and the amount of fish consumed in two fishing valli (Valle Noghera and Valle Artalina) and in three tidal areas (Goppion, Cavanata sea, Grado and Marano lagoon). The number of Cormorants per 100 ha was relatively low in all the study areas. The highest density of feeding cormorants in November (24 birds/100 ha) was in Valle Noghera. The latter is ascribed to an isolated event of 50 birds in social fishing activity. During the rest of the November survey time (72% of the total), lower densities were noted (2.5 birds/100 ha). Fish consumption was also relatively low. In Valle Artalina the maximum was 6.8 kg/100 ha in December. The highest fish consumption was estimated in Valle Noghera in November (41.9 kg/100 ha) and in the Grado and Marano lagoon in January (7.6 kg/100 ha). In fish farms, the highest fish consumption is recorded in November and December, exclusively within wintering basins and canals. So these areas should be covered with wire nets. Furthermore, considering the high variability and irregularity of fish removal, the use of active deterring methods (e.g. gas cannons) can give good results, especially if applied during social fishing events.
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- 2009
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32. Role of experience and maturation in barn owl predatory behaviour
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Csermely, Davide and Sponza, Stefano
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The predatory behaviour on mice by sample of seventeen captive barn owls (Tyto alba) was studied. The owls were divided into two groups according to their age when they entered the Rehabilitation Centre used for this study (either adults/subadults, i.e., with previous predatory experience in the wild, or as fledglings, without any experience of prey catching). The few differences between the behaviour patterns of the age groups suggested that predatory behaviour is mostly under genetic control. While most adult birds caught the mouse, only four young out of eleven studied did so. Both groups showed a decreasing trend in the latency of predation. The young birds were confused or in conflict when facing the prey, and in some cases the owl approached the mouse closely and then returned to the perch to begin a complete predatory sequence again. Three young birds of those that did not hunt were tested six months later. Two of these three young caught a mouse without any evident difficulty. The behaviour displayed by young birds and some patterns indicate that a maturation process is likely influencing the development of the predatory tendency, and do not fully support the hypothesis of the existence of some temporally well-defined periods.
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- 1995
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33. Geomorphological Changes of a Migrating Sandbank: Multidecadal Analysis as a Tool for Managing Conflicts in Coastal Use
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Davide Martinucci, Simone Pillon, Antonio Bratus, Annelore Bezzi, Saverio Fracaros, Giorgio Fontolan, Giulia Casagrande, Stefano Sponza, Fabrizio Fattor, Bezzi, Annelore, Casagrande, Giulia, Fracaros, Saverio, Martinucci, Davide, Pillon, Simone, Sponza, Stefano, Bratus, Antonio, Fattor, Fabrizio, and Fontolan, Giorgio
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Geography, Planning and Development ,shoreline analysi ,backbarrier ,sandbank ,migration ,barrier ,shoreline analysis ,historical evolution ,coastal zone management ,Aquatic Science ,Biochemistry ,Sedimentary depositional environment ,Dredging ,Beach nourishment ,TD201-500 ,Water Science and Technology ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes ,Landform ,Hydraulic engineering ,Coastal erosion ,Current (stream) ,Waves and shallow water ,Oceanography ,Coastal management ,TC1-978 ,Geology - Abstract
While beach erosion and sand loss are typically of great concern to the tourism industry, managing rapid morphological changes linked to large amounts of moving sediments is the challenge facing Grado, an important seaside resort in the northern Adriatic, Italy. The cause of the unusual management conflict is the presence of the Mula di Muggia Bank, a nearshore depositional system made up of relict and active migrating sandbanks extending up to 2 km seawards from the touristic beachfront. A reconstruction of the morpho-sedimentary evolution of the coastal system over a 200-year period was done using a large dataset which includes historical cartography, topographic maps, aerial photos and topo-bathymetric surveys. The results show the growth of a significant urban development aimed at creating a tourist destination by occupying the waterfront along fetch-limited coastal tracts with very shallow water and scarce hydrodynamics. Furthermore, a number of sandy dynamic landforms (longshore migrating bars, a bypass corridor, an ebb-tidal delta) and accumulation zones attest to a sediment excess which can be mostly attributed to the eastern river supplies. The progressive constant migration rate of 12.6 my−1 allowed the bank to induce the expansion of the low-energy silty backbarrier environment, characterised by abundant seagrass meadows a short distance directly in front of the tourist beaches of Grado. As a result of historical analysis and more current observations, areas with diverse morphosedimentary features and with varying tourist/recreational, ecological, and conservation values have been identified. These can be considered as basic units for future accurate planning and re-evaluation of coastal management choices to balance environmental protection and tourist use. A soft coastal defence approach is proposed which includes either the preservation of specific environments or the proper use of excess sand for beach nourishment via periodic dredging or sediment bypassing.
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- 2021
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34. Seagrass meadow cover and species composition drive the abundance of Eurasian wigeon (Mareca penelope L.) in a lagoon ecosystem of the northern Adriatic Sea
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Valentino Casolo, Daniel Tamburlin, Francesco Boscutti, Stefano Sponza, Stefano Vitti, Flavio Roppa, Boscutti, Francesco, Vitti, Stefano, Casolo, Valentino, Roppa, Flavio, Tamburlin, Daniel, and Sponza, Stefano
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Eurasian wigeon ,biology ,Primary producers ,Ecology ,Herbivorous birds ,Lagoon ,Mareca penelope ,Seagrasses ,herbivorous bird ,biology.organism_classification ,primary producer ,lagoon ,Seagrass ,Abundance (ecology) ,Environmental science ,Ecosystem ,Cover (algebra) ,Composition (visual arts) ,seagrasses ,herbivorous birds ,primary producers ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
A comprehensive understanding of the interactions between primary producers and consumers plays an important role for the conservation of sensitive ecosystems such as lagoons. In this light, we studied the relationships between the flocks' size of Mareca penelope and the distribution of three seagrass species (Cymodocea nodosa, Zoostera marina and Nanozostera noltei) occurring in the Marano and Grado lagoon (Northern Adriatic Sea). Twelve bird monitoring areas were monthly surveyed for 3 years whereas seagrass distribution data were collected for the whole lagoon in the following years. The overall number of individuals of M. penelope was related to seagrass meadow extension and species cover by using a multiscale approach in four circle buffers (with radius of 500, 750, 1,000 and 1,250 m). Among the considered scales, the 750 m radius scale showed the best performance. The overall number of M. penelope increased where the occupied area by seagrass meadows was larger. Results also showed that when C. nodosa mean percentage cover increased the number of M. penelope decreased, while if N. noltei mean percentage cover increased also M. penelope number increased. Z. marina showed a negligible influence for all the tested scales. Our findings demonstrate that M. penelope populations depend not only on the extension of seagrass meadows but also on their species assembly, evidencing that M. penelope seem to prefer N. noltei stands, avoiding meadows with high abundance of C. nodosa.
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- 2019
35. Prey ecology and behaviour affect foraging strategies in the Great Cormorant
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Mauro Cosolo, Stefano Sponza, Enrico A. Ferrero, Cosolo, Mauro, Ferrero, Enrico, and Sponza, Stefano
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fish ,foraging behaviour ,predation ,diving bird ,Ecology ,Foraging ,Cormorant ,Pelagic zone ,Aquatic Science ,Biology ,Generalist and specialist species ,Demersal zone ,Predation ,Fishery ,Food chain ,Benthic zone ,biology.animal ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
The fine link between a particular dive pattern and a specific prey item represents a challenging task in the analysis of marine predator–prey relationships. There is growing evidence that prey type affects diving seabirds’ foraging strategies, dive shapes and underwater activity costs. This study investigates whether a generalist diver, the Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo, modifies the time budget allocated to prey-capture behaviour and breathing strategies (reactive vs. anticipatory) with respect to the prey type (pelagic vs. benthic). Video recordings of 91 Great Cormorants show how the ecology and behaviour of their main prey, Mullets (Mugilidae) and Flounders Platichthys flesus, affect dive/surface durations and the diving pattern. The demersal habit and the low mobility of Flounders leads to an easy access to prey with an anticipatory strategy. Moreover, the patchy distribution of this fish species increases prey-capture rates. Conversely, Mullets exploit the whole water column and are highly mobile, and this is reflected in the need of performing two sequential dives to capture a prey, both longer and likely more expensive, with a consequent switch of strategy from reactive in the searching phase to anticipatory breathing during prey-capture events. This study provides evidence that a generalist diver may switch between different foraging strategies, and it shows how each of them may be optimal under particular ecological conditions. These constraints influence the dynamics that operate within the marine food chains and have relevant implications in managing lagoon areas, including fish ponds.
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- 2010
36. Dinamiche di utilizzo dell'habitat in 3 specie di limicoli nella zona costiera del Friuli Venezia Giulia
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Roppa, Flavio, Ferrero, Enrico, Sponza, Stefano, and Utmar, Paolo
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Numenius arquata ,BIO/05 ZOOLOGIA ,home range ,habitat ,METODOLOGIE DI BIOMONITORAGGIO DELL'ALTERAZIONE AMBIENTALE ,Chiurlo ,Pivieressa ,Piovanello pancianera ,Pluvialis squatarola ,Calidris alpina ,unità funzionali ,Radiotelemetria ,limicoli ,Radio-tracking - Abstract
2007/2008 Gli uccelli limicoli sono importanti indicatori su scala globale della stato delle zone umide e la perdita di tali habitat è la principale causa del decremento di molte delle loro popolazioni. Questa ricerca analizza le strategie di utilizzo dell’habitat nel Chiurlo (Numenius arquata), nella Pivieressa (Pluvialis squatarola) e nel Piovanello pancianera (Calidris alpina), che assieme rappresentano più del 90% dei limicoli svernanti in Friuli Venezia Giulia. Le popolazioni sono state monitorate mensilmente ai roost da ottobre 2005 a maggio 2008. Nello stesso periodo 17 Chiurli, 19 Pivieresse e 71 Piovanelli pancianera sono stati radiomarcati nel settore orientale dell’area di studio e monitorati per un totale di 1.762 localizzazioni (fix). Emerge una generale stabilità delle popolazioni svernanti. Il calo legato alla migrazione primaverile si verifica prima nel Chiurlo (marzo-aprile) e nel Piovanello pancianera (aprile-maggio), più tardivamente nella Pivieressa (maggio-giugno), mentre la migrazione postriproduttiva copre una finestra temporale più ampia per tutte e tre le specie. La telemetria ha fornito delle conferme agli andamenti fenologici ed evidenzia una bassa mobilità nelle tre specie, data anche l’elevata fedeltà ai siti di roost. I fix, infatti, si concentrano prevalentemente nel settore orientale dell’area di studio, dove è avvenuta la cattura degli individui. Dall’analisi degli home range, la mobilità minore si registra nel Chiurlo, poco superiore è quella della Pivieressa, mentre il Piovanello pancianera presenta gli spostamenti maggiori. La presenza di numerosi roost ed aree di foraggiamento anche nella parte centro-occidentale dell’area di studio ha suggerito come specifici settori siano utilizzati prevalentemente da differenti gruppi di individui, sia per la sosta che per l’alimentazione. Queste “unità funzionali” sono state verificate ed analizzate nel Chiurlo sulla base della risorsa trofica presente, misurata tramite campionamenti bentonici, e del comportamento di foraggiamento degli individui, ottenuto tramite videoriprese. Infine, per la Pivieressa e il Chiurlo si evidenzia una stagionalità nell’utilizzo dell’habitat, anche per singole unità funzionali. L’elevata localizzazione che caratterizza gli individui radiomarcati mette in luce l’importanza delle core area di alimentazione e di sosta. Data l’evidenza delle dinamiche spaziali e temporali legate alle diverse popolazioni e la presenza di differenti unità funzionali, quanto emerso rappresenta uno strumento importante per pianificare al meglio la conservazione di queste popolazioni, in un’ottica adattativa di gestione del territorio. XXI Ciclo 1977
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- 2009
37. Analisi dei movimenti spazio-temporali di uccelli acquatici svernati nelle zone umide dell'alto Adriatico
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Campomori, Chiara, Ferrero, Enrico, Serra, Lorenzo, and Sponza, Stefano
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ecologia ,BIO/05 ZOOLOGIA ,METODOLOGIE DI BIOMONITORAGGIO DELL'ALTERAZIONE AMBIENTALE ,movimenti degli uccelli acquatici - Abstract
2007/2008 Le zone umide costiere dell’Alto Adriatico sono siti di grande importanza per lo svernamento di molte specie di uccelli acquatici. Gli uccelli acquatici possono essere considerati dei validi bioindicatori ambientali di queste aree, da cui essi dipendono in tutte le fasi del loro ciclo biologico. La conoscenza dei movimenti spazio-temporali dell’avifauna acquatica è un elemento essenziale per una corretta gestione delle zone umide e per lo sviluppo di adeguate politiche di conservazione. A tale scopo, è stato studiato il comportamento spazio-temporale degli uccelli acquatici a scala globale (variabilità intra- ed inter-annuale), a scala regionale (distribuzione nelle zone umide dell’alto Adriatico) ed scala locale (uso dello spazio e dell’habitat). In considerazione della notevole variabilità comportamentale che gli uccelli dimostrano ad ogni scala spazio-temporale, sono stati studiati i limiti e le dimensioni di queste variazioni in alcune specie di uccelli acquatici svernanti nell’Alto Adriatico, cercando di comprendere quale parte di questa variabilità è casuale e quale origina da risposte adattative a fattori ecologici. Come specie target è stato scelto il Piovanello pancianera Calidris alpina. Si è cercato, inoltre, di fornire alcune indicazioni per la gestione di queste zone umide e per una corretta metodologia di rilevamento e utilizzo dei dati di censimento. XXI Ciclo 1976
- Published
- 2009
38. Interazioni tra avifauna ittiofaga e attività produttive nella laguna di Grado e Marano
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Cosolo, Mauro, Ferrero, Enrico, and Sponza, Stefano
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METODOL.BIOMONITOR.ALTERAZIONE AMBIENTALE ,BIO/05 ZOOLOGIA ,Comportamento di foraggiamento del Cormorano - Abstract
2006/2007 Data la dieta ittiofaga ed i consistenti aumenti registrati a livello europeo a partire dagli anni ottanta, il Cormorano (Phalacrocorax carbo) è oggetto di ricerche mirate a quantificarne l’impatto sulle attività di acquacoltura. In Friuli Venezia Giulia queste attività corrispondono alle valli da pesca della laguna di Grado e Marano. Il presente lavoro ha come obiettivi il monitoraggio della popolazione di Cormorano, l’analisi della dieta, lo studio delle strategie comportamentali adottate nel foraggiamento e l’analisi dell’impatto nelle valli da pesca. Il periodo di studio va dall’inverno 2004/2005 al mese di febbraio 2008. Con i monitoraggi mensili si evidenzia un aumento della popolazione svernante nella zona costiera. Dall’analisi della dieta emerge un consumo prevalente di Passere (Platichthys flesus) e di Cefali (Mugilidae). L’analisi del comportamento di foraggiamento con le videoriprese relative a 230 Cormorani evidenzia che le caratteristiche ecologiche di queste due specie ittiche ne condizionano il comportamento ed il relativo successo di predazione. La Passera, specie bentonica e poco mobile, risulta una preda di facile cattura con strategia da anticipatory breather. Inoltre la distribuzione spaziale a patch di questa specie ittica ne facilita la ricerca. I Cefali invece, presenti lungo tutta la colonna d’acqua e molto mobili, determinano una difficoltà di cattura che si riflette in una strategia da reactive breather nella ricerca, ma passaggio ad anticipatory nella cattura. Per quanto riguarda le valli da pesca, nel presente lavoro si mette in luce che queste aree non sembrano essere favorevoli per l’attività trofica del Cormorano, in considerazione delle caratteristiche ecologiche di Branzini (Dicentrarchus labrax) ed Orate (Sparus auratus), che risultano simili ai Cefali. Si registrano gruppi consistenti di Cormorani in foraggiamento sociale, e quindi un impatto, solo in concomitanza delle attività di raccolta del prodotto ittico, che vengono effettuate in bacini di limitata estensione con elevate densità di pesce. Queste attività gestionali sembrano determinare gli eventi di foraggiamento sociale. XX Ciclo 1976
- Published
- 2008
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