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The species of the Otiorhynchus clavipes (Bonsdorff, 1785) group (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) treated here, are characterized by their unusually high phenotypical variation, which often caused taxonomic problems and controversies. Molecular markers COI and EF1-$\alpha$, karyological analysis, as well as morphological, biogeographical and ecological data are used to study weevils collected in the Alps, Carpathians, Sudetes and different areas of Germany. In the investigated populations of the flightless species O. fagi Gyllenhal, 1834 and O. clavipes, we detected an interspecific genetic distance of 11.3-15.8% (COI) and 3.1-3.7% (EF1-$\alpha$) depending on geographical distance. The phylogenetic trees indicate that both species are monophyletic and that they were correctly delimited from each other. Both species have also separate geographical ranges in Central Europe. Male specimens differ in the morphology of the aedeagus and the last abdominal sternite. Our study supports the legitimacy of species delimitation of O. fagi and O. clavipes as separate species, which can be treated as stable taxonomic hypotheses. The determination of the species status required the re-examination of spe cies ranges and allowed together with data on biology and altitudinal preferences a better biogeographical and ecological characterization of the species.

Andrion regensteinense (Herbst, 1794) (FIgS 27–29A) Body. LeNgTH: 3.0–4.4 MM, WIDTH: 2.0–2.8 MM, HeAD WIDTH: 0.85–0.90 MM, PROTHORAX WIDTH: 1.0–1.2 MM (♀, ♂). EYeS RelATIVelY bIg, eVeNlY cONVeX. BODY elONgATe, SleNDeR, WHITe OR gRAYISH. PRONOTUM TRAPeZIUM-SHAPeD, WITH IRRegUlAR SURFAce, APPROXIMATelY AS 1.75 TIMeS AS WIDe AS lONg. MeTANOTUM AlMOST TWIce THe leNgTH OF MeSONOTUM. AbD. I–IV OF AlMOST eQUAl leNgTH, AbD. V –VII DIMINISHINg gRADUAllY, AbD. VIII SeMIcIRcUlAR, AbD. IX DISTINcTlY SMAlleR THAN THe PReceDINg SegMeNTS. UROgOMPHI RelATIVelY elONgATe, cURVeD AND Well ScleROTIZeD. Chaetotaxy. SeTAe OF UNeQUAl leNgTH AND SHAPe, YellOW OR bROWN; ON HeAD, ROSTRUM AND THORAX HAIR-lIke, bASeD ON SMAll PROTUbeRANceS, ON AbDOMINAl SegMeNTS HAIR-OR THORN-lIke, THe lATTeR bASeD ON DISTINcT PROTUbeRANceS. ROSTRUM WITH THRee PAIRS OF rs 1-3; HeAD cAPSUle beARINg 1 vs, 2 sos 1-2, 2 os 1-2 AND 2 pas 1-2. TWO PAIRS OF mts 1-2 POORlY ObSeRVeD (FIgS 27A, 29A). PRONOTUM WITH 2 as 1-2, 2 ds 1-2, ls, 2 sls 1-2 AND 2 pls 1-2 (FIgS 28A, 29A). All SeTAe OF PROTHORAX MODeRATelY elONgATe, PlAceD ON PROTUbeRANceS. Ls AND pls 2 A lITTle SMAlleR THAN THe ReMAININg SeTAe. CHAeTOTAXY OF MeSOTHORAX cONSISTINg OF 4 PAIRS OF SHORT d 1-4 (DORSAl S.), PlAceD MeDIAllY (FIg. 28A). MeTATHORAX WITH 4 PAIRS OF SHORT SeTAe, FORMINg A RegUlAR TRANSVeRSe ROW AlONg THe POSTeRIOR MARgIN. TeRgAl PARTS OF AbD. I–VI eAcH WITH 7 PAIRS OF SMAll PROTUbeRANceS WITH SHORT, THORN-lIke SeTAe. SeTAe NO. 1–6 DISTINcT, FORMINg A RegUlAR TRANSVeRSe ROW AlONg THe POSTeRIOR MARgIN, SeTA NO. 7 SMAll PlAceD lATeRAllY, SO AT FIRST VIeW cHAeTOTAXY OF eAcH SegMeNT SeeMS TO cONSISTS OF 6 PAIRS OF SeTAe ONlY. AbD. VII WITH 7 PAIRS OF SeTAe eQUAl IN SIZe, OF WHIcH 5 PAIRS ARe PlAceD POSTeROMeDIAllY AND NeXT TWO PAIRS lATeRAllY. AbD. VIII WITH 4 PAIRS OF SeTAe PlAceD AlONg THe POSTeRIOR MARgIN AND ONe PAIR MeDIAllY (FIgS 28A, 29A). EAcH AbD. I–VIII WITH 2 SHORT l 1-2 (lATeRAl S.) PlAceD clOSe TO THe bORDeR OF TeRgUM (FIg. 29A). STeRNAl PARTS OF eAcH AbD. VI–VIII WITH 3 PAIRS OF v 1-3 (VeNTRAl S.), lOcATeD POSTeRIORlY (FIgS 27A, 29A). AbD. IX WITH 2 SHORT SeTAe PlAceD VeNTRAllY, clOSe TO UROgOMPHI, AND NeXT 2 lOcATeD DORSAllY (FIgS 27A, 29A). EAcH UROgOMPHUS beARS A PAIR OF SHORT SeTAe., Published as part of Sprick, Peter, 2017, Description of the larvae and pupae of eight species of the tribe Sitonini Gistel, 1848 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) from Central Europe, pp. 401-435 in Zootaxa 4324 (3) on pages 415-416, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4324.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/998318

Sitona cylindricollis F��hraeus, 1840 (FIgS 27���29c) Body. LeNgTH: 3.6���4.2 MM, MAXIMUM WIDTH (AT THe leVel OF PROcOXAe): 2.4���2.7 MM, HeAD WIDTH (AT THe leVel OF eYeS): 0.8���0.9 MM, PROTHORAX WIDTH (AT WIDeST PlAce): 1.1���1.2 MM (♀, ♂). EYeS HeMISPHeRIcAl. BODY MODeRATelY elONgATe, WHITe OR gRAYISH. PRONOTUM SlIgHTlY ROUNDeD, APPROXIMATelY 1.6 TIMeS AS WIDe AS lONg. MeTANOTUM A lITTle lONgeR THAN MeSONOTUM. AbD. I���III OF AlMOST eQUAl leNgTH, AbD. VI���VI gRADUAllY DIMINISHeD, AbD. VII SeMIcIRcUlAR, AbD. VIII NARROW, AbD. IX DISTINcTlY SMAlleR THAN THe PReceDINg SegMeNTS, ReDUceD. UROgOMPHI RelATIVelY elONgATe, cURVeD AND Well ScleROTIZeD. Chaetotaxy. SeTAe OF HeAD OF UNeQUAl leNgTH AND SHAPe, bROWN, HAIR-FORM OR THORN-lIke, bASeD ON PROTUbeRANceS. ROSTRUM WITH A PAIR OF rs; HeAD cAPSUle beARINg 1 vs, 2 VeRY SHORT, WeAklY DeVelOPeD sos 1-2, 2 os 1-2 AND 2 pas 1-2 (FIgS 27c, 29c). PRONOTUM WITH 2 as 1-2, 2 ds 1-2, ls, 2 sls 1-2 AND 2 pls 1-2 (FIgS 28c, 29c). All SeTAe OF PROTHORAX PlAceD ON SMAll PROTUbeRANceS, MODeRATelY elONgATe, eQUAl IN leNgTH. CHAeTOTAXY OF MeSOTHORAX AND MeTATHORAX VeRY SIMIlAR, eAcH OF THeM cONSISTINg OF 3 PAIRS OF RelATIVelY lONg d 1-3, PlAceD ceNTRAllY (FIg. 28c). TeRgAl PARTS OF AbD. I���VII eAcH WITH 7 PAIRS OF SeTAe, DIFFeReNT IN SIZe, THORN-lIke, WHIcH FORM A RegUlAR TRANSVeRSe ROW AlONg THe POSTeRIOR MARgIN. SeTAe NO. 1, 3, 5 AND 6 Well VISIble, PlAceD ON DISTINcT PROTUbeRANceS; SeTAe NO. 2, 4 AND 7 VeRY SHORT, WeAklY VISIble, SO AT FIRST VIeW cHAeTOTAXY OF eAcH SegMeNT SeeMS TO cONSISTS OF 4 PAIRS OF SeTAe. AbD. VIII WITH ONe PAIR OF THORN-lIke, Well VISIble SeTAe lATeRAllY AND A PAIR OF SHORT, WeAklY VISIble SeTAe ceNTRAllY (FIgS 28c, 29c). EAcH AbD. I��� VIII WITH A PAIR OF SHORT l 1-2, PlAceD clOSe TO THe bORDeR OF THe TeRgUM (FIg. 29c). STeRNAl PARTS OF eAcH AbD. VII��� VIII WITH 3 PAIRS OF MIcROSeTAe v 1-3 (VeNTRAl S.), lOcATeD POSTeRIORlY (FIgS 27c, 29c). AbD. IX WITH 2 SHORT SeTAe PlAceD DORSAllY, clOSe TO UROgOMPHI (FIgS 27c, 29c). EAcH UROgOMPHUS beARS A PAIR OF SHORT SeTAe., Published as part of Sprick, Peter, 2017, Description of the larvae and pupae of eight species of the tribe Sitonini Gistel, 1848 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) from Central Europe, pp. 401-435 in Zootaxa 4324 (3) on page 416, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4324.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/998318

Sitona obsoletus (Gmelin, 1790) (FIgS 27–29g) Body. LeNgTH: 4.4–5.6 MM, MAXIMUM WIDTH (AT THe leVel OF PROcOXAe): 2.4–2.7 MM, HeAD WIDTH (AT THe leVel OF eYeS): 1.0–1.1 MM, PROTHORAX WIDTH (AT WIDeST PlAce): 1.2–1.4 MM (♀, ♂). EYeS RATHeR bIg, HeMISPHeRIcAl. BODY elONgATe, SleNDeR, WHITe. PRONOTUM ROUNDeD, APPROXIMATelY 1.2 TIMeS AS WIDe AS lONg. MeTANOTUM SlIgHTlY lONgeR THAN MeSONOTUM. AbD. I–VI OF AlMOST eQUAl leNgTH, AbD. VII SeMIcIRcUlAR, AbD. VIII NARROW, AbD. IX DISTINcTlY SMAlleR THAN THe PReceDINg SegMeNTS. UROgOMPHI RelATIVelY SHORT, WITH Well ScleROTIZeD APIcAl PART. Chaetotaxy. SeTAe OF UNeQUAl leNgTH AND SHAPe, DARk YellOW OR bROWN, ON HeAD, ROSTRUM AND THORAX HAIR-FORM, bASeD ON PROTUbeRANceS, ON AbDOMINAl SegMeNTS HAIR- OR THORN-lIke, THe lATTeR bASeD ON DISTINcT PROTUbeRANceS. ROSTRUM WITH A PAIR OF rs; HeAD cAPSUle beARINg 1 vs, 2 sos 1-2, 2 os 1-2 AND 2 pas 1-2 (FIgS 27g, 29g). Vs, os 2 AND pas 2 HAIR-lIke, VeRY lONg, ReMAININg SeTAe OF HeAD AND ROSTRUM ARe VISIble ONlY bY HIgH MAgNIFIcATION. PRONOTUM WITH 2 as 1-2, 2 ds 1-2, ls, 2 sls 1-2 AND 2 pls 1-2 (FIgS 28g, 29g). All SeTAe OF PROTHORAX PlAceD ON SMAll PROTUbeRANceS, RelATIVelY elONgATe, eQUAl IN leNgTH. MeSO- AND MeTATHORAX eAcH WITH 3 PAIRS OF elONgATe d 1-3, FORMINg A ceNTRAl gROUP (FIg. 28g). TeRgAl PARTS OF AbD. I–VII eAcH WITH 7 PAIRS OF PROTUbeRANceS WITH SHORT, THORN-lIke SeTAe WHIcH FORM A RegUlAR TRANSVeRSe ROW AlONg THe POSTeRIOR MARgIN. SeTAe NO. 1, 3, 5 AND 6 DISTINcTlY bIggeR THAN THe ReMAININg, SO AT FIRST VIeW cHAeTOTAXY OF eAcH SegMeNT SeeMS TO cONSIST OF 4 PAIRS OF SeTAe ONlY. AbD. VIII WITH A PAIR OF DISTINcT THORN-lIke SeTAe AND TWO PAIRS OF WeAklY DeVelOPeD, SHORT, HAIR-lIke SeTAe (FIgS 28g, 29g). AbD. IX WITH 2 SHORT SeTAe PlAceD clOSe TO UROgOMPHI, AND NeXT 2 lOcATeD DORSAllY (FIgS 27g, 29g). EAcH UROgOMPHUS beARS A PAIR OF SHORT SeTAe., Published as part of Sprick, Peter, 2017, Description of the larvae and pupae of eight species of the tribe Sitonini Gistel, 1848 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) from Central Europe, pp. 401-435 in Zootaxa 4324 (3) on page 418, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4324.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/998318

Sitona waterhousei Walton, 1846 (FIgS 27���29H) Body: LeNgTH: 4.9���5.7 MM, MAXIMUM WIDTH (AT THe leVel OF PROcOXAe): 2.5���2.8 MM, HeAD WIDTH (eYeS INclUDeD): 1.0���1.1 MM, PROTHORAX WIDTH (AT WIDeST PlAce): 1.1���1.3 MM (♀, ♂). EYeS RelATIVelY bIg, ecceNTRIcAl cONVeX. BODY elONgATe, WHITe. PRONOTUM clOSe TO TRAPeZIUM-SHAPeD, APPROXIMATelY 1.4 TIMeS AS WIDe AS lONg. MeTANOTUM AlMOST TWIce AS lONg AS MeSONOTUM. AbD. I���VI OF AlMOST eQUAl leNgTH, AbD. VII SeMIcIRcUlAR, AbD. VIII NARROW, AbD. IX DISTINcTlY SMAlleR THAN THe PReceDINg. UROgOMPHI RelATIVelY lONg, WITH Well ScleROTIZeD APIcAl PART. Chaetotaxy. SeTAe OF UNeQUAl leNgTH AND SHAPe, YellOW OR bROWN, ON HeAD, ROSTRUM AND THORAX HAIR-FORM, bASeD ON PROTUbeRANceS, ON AbDOMINAl SegMeNTS HAIR- OR THORN-lIke, THe lATTeR bASeD ON PROTUbeRANceS. ROSTRUM WITH A PAIR rs; HeAD cAPSUle beARINg 1 vs, 2 sos 1-2, 2 os 1-2 AND pas (FIgS 27H, 29H). PRONOTUM WITH: 2 as 1-2, 2 ds 1-2, 2 sls 1-2 AND 2 pls 1-2 (FIgS 28H, 29H). All SeTAe OF PROTHORAX PlAceD ON SMAll PROTUbeRANceS, RelATIVelY lONg, eQUAl IN leNgTH, eXcePT pls 2 AND sls 2 beINg SMAlleR THAN ReMAININg SeTAe. MeSO- AND MeTATHORAX eAcH WITH 4 PAIRS OF d 1-4; THRee PAIRS lONg, Well VISIble, THe ReMAININg VeRY SHORT AND SOMeTIMeS AbSeNT (FIg. 28H). TeRgAl PARTS OF AbD. I���VI eAcH WITH 4 PAIRS OF PROTUbeRANceS WITH SHORT, THORN-lIke SeTAe, OF WHIcH 3 FORM A RegUlAR TRANSVeRSe ROW AlONg THe POSTeRIOR MARgIN, NeXT ONe PlAceD lATeRAllY. SeTAe NO. 1���3 DISTINcTlY bIggeR THAN NO. 4, SO AT FIRST VIeW cHAeTOTAXY OF eAcH SegMeNT SeeMS TO cONSIST OF 3 PAIRS OF SeTAe ONlY. CHAeTOTAXY OF AbD. VII cONSISTS OF 4 PAIRS OF SeTAe AlMOST eQUAl IN SIZe, OF WHIcH 2 PAIRS ARe PlAceD POSTeROMeDIAllY, NeXT TWO PAIRS lATeRAllY. AbD. VIII WITH TWO PAIRS OF SeTAe, eQUAl IN leNgTH AND PlAceD IN THe ceNTeR (FIgS 28H, 29H). EAcH UROgOMPHUS beARS A PAIR OF SHORT SeTAe., Published as part of Sprick, Peter, 2017, Description of the larvae and pupae of eight species of the tribe Sitonini Gistel, 1848 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) from Central Europe, pp. 401-435 in Zootaxa 4324 (3) on pages 418-427, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4324.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/998318

Sitona macularius (Marsham, 1802) (FIgS 2–8F) Body. LeNgTH 4.0–5.4 MM, WIDTH 1.3–1.6 MM. SeTAe VeRY lONg TO SHORT. PROTHORAX (FIg. 2F) WITH 8 prns, TWO SeTAe PlAceD clOSe TO SPIRAcle. MeSO- AND MeTATHORAX (FIg. 2F) eAcH WITH 1 VeRY SHORT prs AND 4 pds OF MeDIUM leNgTH. EAcH PeDAl AReA WITH 5 pda, ONe OF THeM DISTINcTlY lONgeR THAN THe ReMAININg SeTAe. AbD. VIII (FIg. 4F) WITH 1 VeRY SHORT prs AND 4 pds; ts VeRY SHORT bUT DeVelOPeD. Head. YellOW, SlIgHTlY FlATTeNeD lATeRAllY; WIDTH: 0.65 –0.80 MM, leNgTH: 0.45–0.65 MM; eNDOcARINA ReAcHeS MORe THAN 1/2 THe leNgTH OF FRONS. Des 3 DISTINcTlY SHORTeR THAN des 1, des 4 VeRY SHORT (FIg. 5F). Fs 1 MeDIUM lONg, fs 3 AlMOST INVISIble, fs 4 AS lONg AS fs 5. Les 1 AND les 2 eQUAl IN leNgTH, AS lONg AS des 1. Ves 1-2 SHORT, POORlY DeVelOPeD. POSTePIcRANIAl AReA WITH 4 pes. STeMMATA INVISIble. ANTeNNAl bASAl MeMbRANOUS ARTIcle WITH 5 bASIcONIc SeNSIllAe. LAbRUM (FIg. 6F) APPROXIMATelY 3.0 TIMeS AS WIDe AS lONg; ANTeRIOR MARgIN SINUOUSlY eMARgINATeD; 3 PAIRS OF ams, DIFFeReNT IN leNgTH, MeDIAN PAIRS THRee TIMeS lONgeR THAN THe lATeRAl SeTAe, 2 PAIRS OF mes, VARIOUS IN leNgTH, AND 3 PAIRS OF als. LAbRAl RODS cONVeRgINg POSTeRIORlY. ClYPeUS (FIg. 6F) 3.4 TIMeS AS WIDe AS lONg; ANTeRIOR MARgIN AlMOST STRAIgHT, lATeRAl MARgINS AlMOST STRAIgHT; MeDIAN FURROW ReAcHeS 2/3 THe leNgTH OF clYPeUS. EPIPHARYNX (FIg. 7F) WITH 3 PAIRS OF als; 3 PAIRS OF ams AND 2 PAIRS OF mes. MANDIble: SecOND TOOTH blUNT, PlAceD clOSe TO APeX. MAXIllA (FIg. 8F) WITHOUT mbs; bASAl PAlPOMeRe DISTINcTlY SHORTeR AND WIDeR THAN THe DISTAl. PRAelAbIUM cORDIFORM, WITH 2 PAIRS OF ligs; bOTH PAlPOMeReS eQUAl IN leNgTH, bUT bASAl A lITTle WIDeR THAN THe DISTAl; pslb 3 AlMOST HAlF AS lONg AS THe ReMAININg SeTAe., Published as part of Sprick, Peter, 2017, Description of the larvae and pupae of eight species of the tribe Sitonini Gistel, 1848 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) from Central Europe, pp. 401-435 in Zootaxa 4324 (3) on page 414, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4324.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/998318

Sprick, Peter (2017): Description of the larvae and pupae of eight species of the tribe Sitonini Gistel, 1848 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) from Central Europe. Zootaxa 4324 (3): 401-435, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4324.3.1

Sitona lineatus (Linnaeus, 1758) (FIgS 27–29e) Body. LeNgTH: 4.8–5.2 MM, MAXIMUM WIDTH (AT THe leVel OF PROcOXAe): 2.6–2.7 MM, HeAD WIDTH (AT THe leVel OF eYeS): 1.0–1.2 MM, PROTHORAX WIDTH (AT WIDeST PlAce): 1.3–1.6 MM (♀, ♂). EYeS HeMISPHeRIcAl. BODY MODeRATelY elONgATe, WHITe. PRONOTUM TRAPeZIUM-SHAPeD, APPROXIMATelY 1.8 TIMeS AS WIDe AS lONg. MeTANOTUM SlIgHTlY lONgeR THAN MeSONOTUM. AbD. I–IV OF AlMOST eQUAl leNgTH, AbD. V –VIII DIMINISHINg gRADUAllY, AbD. IX DISTINcTlY SMAlleR THAN THe PReceDINg SegMeNTS. UROgOMPHI RelATIVelY SHORT, WITH Well ScleROTIZeD APIcAl PART. Chaetotaxy. SeTAe OF UNeQUAl leNgTH AND SHAPe, YellOW OR bROWN, ON HeAD, ROSTRUM AND THORAX HAIR-FORM, bASeD ON PROTUbeRANceS, ON AbDOMINAl SegMeNTS HAIR-FORM OR THORN-lIke, THe lATTeR bASeD ON DISTINcT PROTUbeRANceS. ROSTRUM WITH TWO PAIRS OF rs 1-2; HeAD cAPSUle beARINg 1 vs, 2 sos 1-2, 2 os 1-2 AND 2 pas 1-2 (FIgS 27e, 29e). PRONOTUM WITH 2 as 1-2, 2 ds 1-2, ls, 2 sls 1-2 AND 2 pls 1-2 (FIgS 28e, 29e). All SeTAe OF PROTHORAX PlAceD ON SMAll PROTUbeRANceS, RelATIVelY SHORT, as 1, ls AND pls 2 SOMe SMAlleR THAN THe ReMAININg SeTAe. MeSO- AND MeTATHORAX eAcH WITH 3 PAIRS OF MODeRATelY elONgATe d 1-3, FORMINg A gROUP IN THe ceNTeR (FIg. 28e). TeRgAl PARTS OF AbD. I–VII eAcH WITH 7 PAIRS OF PROTUbeRANceS WITH SHORT, THORN-lIke SeTAe; SeTAe 1–5 FORM A RegUlAR, TRANSVeRSe ROW AlONg THe POSTeRIOR MARgIN, SeTAe 6 AND 7 ARe PlAceD MORe lATeRAllY. SeTAe NO. 1, 3, 5 AND 6 DISTINcTlY bIggeR THAN THe ReMAININg, SO AT FIRST VIeW cHAeTOTAXY OF eAcH SegMeNT SeeMS TO cONSISTS OF 4 PAIRS OF SeTAe ONlY. AbD. VIII WITH A PAIR OF DISTINcT THORN-lIke SeTAe AND TWO PAIRS OF WeAklY DeVelOPeD, SHORT, HAIR-lIke SeTAe (FIgS 28e, 29e). AbD. IX WITH 2 SHORT SeTAe, PlAceD clOSe TO UROgOMPHI, NeXT 2 lOcATeD DORSAllY (FIgS 27e, 29e). EAcH UROgOMPHUS beARS A PAIR OF SHORT SeTAe., Published as part of Sprick, Peter, 2017, Description of the larvae and pupae of eight species of the tribe Sitonini Gistel, 1848 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) from Central Europe, pp. 401-435 in Zootaxa 4324 (3) on page 417, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4324.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/998318

Charagmus gressorius (Fabricius, 1792) (FIgS 27–29b) Body. LeNgTH: 7.5–9.4 MM, MAXIMUM WIDTH (AT THe leVel OF PROcOXAe): 4.3–5.0 MM, HeAD WIDTH (AT THe leVel OF eYeS): 1.3–1.5 MM, PROTHORAX WIDTH (AT WIDeST PlAce): 1.8–2.0 MM (♀, ♂). EYeS SlIgHTlY cONVeX. BODY MODeRATelY elONgATe, RATHeR SleNDeR, WHITe. PRONOTUM TRAPeZIUM-SHAPeD, APPROXIMATelY 1.3 TIMeS AS WIDe AS lONg. MeTANOTUM A lITTle lONgeR THAN MeSONOTUM. AbD. I–VI OF AlMOST eQUAl leNgTH, AbD. VII SeMIcIRcUlAR, AbD. VIII NARROW, AbD. IX ReDUceD, DISTINcTlY SMAlleR THAN OTHeR SegMeNTS. UROgOMPHI SHORT, TRIANgUlAR, WeAklY ScleROTIZeD. Chaetotaxy. SeTAe ON HeAD OF UNeQUAl leNgTH AND SHAPe, bROWN OR DARk bROWN, ROSTRUM AND THORAX HAIR-lIke, bASeD ON PROTUbeRANceS, ON AbDOMINAl SegMeNTS HAIR- OR THORN-lIke, PlAceD ON DISTINcT PROTUbeRANceS. ROSTRUM WITH FOUR PAIRS OF rs 1-4; HeAD cAPSUle beARINg 1 vs, 3 sos 1-3, 2 os 1-2 AND 2 pas 1-2, eAcH MANDIbUlAR THecA WITH A SMAll SeTA (mts) (FIgS 27b, 29b). PRONOTUM WITH 2 as 1-2, 2 ds 1-2, ls, 2 sls 1-2 AND 2 pls 1-2 (FIgS 28b, 29b). All SeTAe OF PROTHORAX PlAceD ON SMAll PROTUbeRANceS, SHORT, eQUAl IN leNgTH (eXcePT ls, THAT IS A lITTle SMAlleR THAN THe ReMAININg SeTAe). CHAeTOTAXY OF MeSOTHORAX cONSISTINg OF 4 PAIRS OF SHORT d 1-4, PlAceD MeDIAllY AND ANTeROMeDIAllY (FIg. 28b). MeTATHORAX WITH 5 PAIRS OF SHORT SeTAe, DISTRIbUTeD RATHeR IRRegUlARlY. TeRgAl PARTS OF AbD. I–VII eAcH WITH 7 PAIRS OF SeTAe (5 PAIRS AlONg THe POSTeRIOR MARgIN, TWO lATeRAllY). SeTAe NO. 1, 3, 5 AND 6 A lITTle bIggeR THAN THe ReMAININg. AbD. VIII WITH 5 PAIRS OF SeTAe, DIFFeReNT IN leNgTH, AlONg THe POSTeRIOR MARgIN, AND ONe PAIR PlAceD ceNTRAllY (FIgS 28b, 29b). EAcH AbD. I–VIII WITH 2 PAIRS OF l 1-2, PlAceD clOSe TO THe bORDeR OF TeRgUM (FIg. 29b). STeRNAl PARTS OF eAcH AbD. IV–VIII WITH 3 PAIRS OF VeRY SHORT v 1-3, lOcATeD POSTeRIORlY (FIgS 27b, 29b). AbDOMINAl DORSAl SeTAe gRADUAllY INcReASINg IN SIZe FROM AbD. I TO VIII. AbD. IX VeNTRAllY WITH 2 PAIRS OF SHORT SeTAe, PlAceD MeDIAllY; NeXT 2 SeTAe lOcATeD DORSAllY (FIgS 27b, 29b). EAcH UROgOMPHUS beARS A PAIR OF MODeRATelY elONgATe SeTAe., Published as part of Sprick, Peter, 2017, Description of the larvae and pupae of eight species of the tribe Sitonini Gistel, 1848 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) from Central Europe, pp. 401-435 in Zootaxa 4324 (3) on page 416, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4324.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/998318

Otiorhynchus (Dorymerus) sulcatus (Fabricius, 1775) Material examined: 71 larvae (Fig. 206). Lampertheimer Wald near Heppenheim (Germany, South Hesse), 3 ex. introduced with young oak plants (Quercus ilex L. and Q. frainetto Ten.) from Italy (tree nursery) to the test area ���Wald der Zukunft��� of Senckenberg / Frankfurt a.M., 20.03. 2010, leg. W. Dorow; Hildesheim (Germany, Niedersachsen), nursery, 0 6.04.2011, 17 ex.: 7 ex. from Primula vulgaris flowerpots; 10 ex. from Geum chiloense Balb. ex Ser. cultivar ���Feuerball���; dto., 0 4.05.2011, 12 ex.: 3 ex. from Eupatorium cannabinum L. flowerpots, dto., 2 ex. from Geum montanum L. cultivar ���Diana���, dto., 7 ex. from Lysimachia clethroides Duby; dto., 4 ex. from Primula vulgaris Huds. flowerpots, 11.05.2010; Germany, Wiesbaden (South Hesse), nursery, 27.04.2011, 21 ex.: 8 ex. from Astilbe simplicifolia Makino cultivar ���Sprite��� flowerpots, 10 ex. from Astilbe japonica (C. Morren & Decne) A. Gray cultivar ���Deutschland���, 3 ex. from Astilbe japonica cultivar ���Red Sentinel���; Wiesbaden, nursery, 0 3.08.2011, 4 ex. from flowerpots with Bergenia cordifolia Sternb. cultivar ���Glockenturm���; JKI, Braunschweig, greenhouse, 10 ex. in flowerpots with Euonymus fortunei (contamination), 13.11. 2013. Additional material: West France, Angers, 5 ex., 24.02. 2012, collected by Michael Barth outdoors in a tree nursery in 15 litre plant pots with Cupressocyparis x leylandii (A.B. Jacks. & Dallim.) Dallim.. 2 larvae were reared to adults (28.��� 29.03.2012) and one to pupa (pupation before 22.03.2012). Remarks about breeding and development. The development of Otiorhynchus sulcatus is one of the best known of all soil-dwelling weevils which is due to the great impact of this species in horticulture and viticulture in many regions of the world. The damage of this species in the temperate and cooler regions to cultivated plants is mainly restricted to greenhouses, flowerpots, parks, orchards, roadside greeneries and other typical anthropogenic environments. About 110 years ago there were only few indications of a pest status of this species (Moorhouse et al. 1992). Its origin is (northern) Italy from where also males of this predominantly parthenogenetic species are documented (concluded from data of Dieckmann 1980 and Moorhouse et al. 1992). Outdoors, pupation begins in April or May. Young weevils emerge from June to September on the soil (peak activity in July and August) and deposit eggs in this period. Larvae develop during summer and autumn, overwinter, continue feeding activity early in the season and pupate in spring. Development time of the larvae strongly depends on temperature and is over 200 days outdoors and less than 90 days in greenhouses (La Lone & Clarke 1981). Most adults die in late summer and autumn; only a few overwinter and start to lay eggs earlier in the season. O. sulcatus did not show a diapause or developmental delay under long-day conditions in the climate chamber. Description (Figs. 23���33). Coloration. Head dark yellow; all thoracic and abdominal segments from yellow to dark yellow; cuticle almost smooth. Body elongated (Fig. 23). Chaetotaxy: Setae different in length, filiform. Thorax. Prothorax with 4 long and 6 medium long to short prns; and 2 ps, different in length. Mesothorax with 1 short prs; 4 pds (ordered: 2 medium and 2 long); 2 as, different in length; 1 long eps; and 1 long ps. Chaetotaxy of meso- and metathorax similar (except pds, ordered: 1 medium, 1 long, 1 medium and 1 long). Each pedal area of thoracic segments well isolated, with 6 pda, different in length. Each thoracic segment with 1 short eus (Fig. 24). Abdomen. Abdominal segments I���VIII with 1 short prs; 5 pds (ordered: 2 short, 1 long, 1 short and 1 long); 1 long and 1 minute sps [abd. seg. VIII only with 1 microseta]; 2 eps, different in length; 1 long and 1 minute ps; 1 long lsts; and 2 eus (Figs. 25, 27, 28). Abdominal segment IX with 3 ds, different in length; 1 very long and 1 minute ps; and 2 sts, equal in length (Figs. 26���28). Each of four lateral lobes of abdominal segment X with 2���3 minute ts. Head subglobose, slightly narrowed bilaterally (Fig. 29). Setae relatively short. Head capsule with 4 relatively short des, des 1 and des 2 placed on central part of epicranium, des 3 located on frontal suture, des 5 located anterolaterally; 2 relatively short fs, fs 4 placed anteromedially, fs 5 located near to antenna; 2 relatively short les; 1 relatively short ves; and 1 minute pes. Postepicranial area with 2 pairs of sensilla, forming a group. Stemmata (2 pairs) feebly visible. Antennal segment membranous, bearing 1 conical sensorium and 2���3 filiform sensilla. Clypeus 1.7 times as wide as long and with 2 cls, equal in length, placed posterolaterally on each side (Fig. 30). Labrum about 2 times as wide as long with 3 straight lms of different length, placed medially or mediolaterally; lms 3 distinctly shorter than other setae, all lms exceeding the outline of the labrum; the anterior margin of labrum double sinuate (Fig. 30). Epipharynx with 3 finger-like als, different in length, 3 ams, different in length, one very small ams similar to mes, but the position is more to ams; and 2 very short mes (see comments about ams and mes in Material and Methods); labral rods (lr) short, reniform, strong convergent (Fig. 31). Mandible (Fig. 32) feebly bifid, teeth almost of equal height; with 2 mds, different in length; internal edge with a triangular tooth. Maxilla (Fig. 33) with 1 very long stps and 2 very long pfs, placed ventrolaterally; 1 very short mbs, situated ventrally. Mala with 8 dms, different in length and 4 straight vms, almost equal in length. Maxillary palpi with two palpomeres of almost equal length; basal palpomere with 1 mxps; distal palpomere with a group of 7 conical, cuticular apical processes; each palpomere with a sensillum. Praelabium heart-shaped (Fig. 33), with 3 ligs and 1 prms. Labial palpi with two palpomeres, relatively elongated; both palpomeres almost equal in length; praemental sclerite well visible. Postlabium with 3 pms, different in length; pms 2 long, almost 2 times as long as pms 1 and pms 2 (Fig. 33). Differential diagnosis. See ���Key to larvae of selected Otiorhynchus species��� and Tables 1, 2., Published as part of Rafa�� Gosik, Peter Sprick, Ji���� Skuhrovec, Magdalena Deru�� & Martin Hommes, 2016, Morphology and identification of the mature larvae of several species of the genus Otiorhynchus (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae) from Central Europe with an update of the life history traits, pp. 1-67 in Zootaxa 4108 (1) on pages 16-19, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4108.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/265725, {"references":["Moorhouse, E., Charnley, A. & Gillespie, A. (1992) A review of the biology and control of the vine weevil, Otiorhynchus sulcatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Annals of Applied Biology, 121, 431 - 454. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1744 - 7348.1992. tb 03455. x","Dieckmann, L. (1980) Beitrage zur Insektenfauna der DDR: Coleoptera - Curculionidae (Brachycerinae, Otiorhynchinae, Brachyderinae). Beitrage zur Entomologie, 30, 145 - 310.","La Lone, R. S. & Clarke, R. G. (1981) Larval development of Otiorhynchus sulcatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and effects of larval density on larval mortality and injury to Rhododendron. Environmental Entomology, 10, 190 - 191. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1093 / ee / 10.2.190"]}