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Background: The foot racing disciplines include sprints, middle distances, and long distances, which vary in terms of intensities, duration of training, and metabolic demands. The aim of our study was to evaluate the differences in morpho-functional parameters describing cardiac remodeling in a large cohort of Olympic athletes practicing the different track subspecialties. Methods: We evaluated 140 track and field (52.1% males, mean age 26.3 ± 4.3 years) Olympic athletes divided into four groups according to the distance performed: Group A (46, 32.9%): 100 and 200 mt; Group B (34, 24.3%): 400 mt; Group C (25, 17.9%): 800, 1500, and 3000 mt; Group D (35, 24.9%): 5000, 10,000 mt, and marathon distance. The athletes underwent a pre-participation screening, which included transthoracic echocardiography and exercise stress testing. Results: In Group A and in Group B, most athletes presented normal cardiac geometry (41/46, 89.1% in Group A and 31/34, 91.2% in Group B, p < 0.0001). Instead, in Groups C and D, more than half presented eccentric cardiac remodeling (13\25, 52% in Group C and 23\35, 65.7% in Group D). No significant differences were found between subspecialties in LVEF (p = 0.587), diastolic function (p = 0.431), and training hours/week (p = 0.078). Conclusions: In conclusion, the presence and extent of cardiac remodeling vary according to the distance of the discipline practiced, with the largest dimensional increase in both left and right ventricles and atria in mid- and long-distance runners and the lowest in sprinters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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A variable pacing profile is common in different endurance events. In these races, several factors, such as changes in elevation or race dynamics, lead participants to perform numerous surges in intensity. These surges are so frequent that certain events, such as cross-country (XC) skiing, mountain biking (MTB), triathlon, and road cycling, have been termed "intermittent endurance events". The characteristics of these surges vary depending on the sport: MTB and triathlon require athletes to perform numerous short (<10 s) bouts; XC skiing require periods of short- and moderate-(30 s to 2 min) duration efforts, while road cycling is comprised of a mix of short-, moderate-, and long-duration (>2 min) bouts. These bouts occur at intensities above the maximal metabolic steady state (MMSS), with many efforts performed at intensities above the athletes' maximal aerobic power or speed (MAP/MAS) (i.e., supramaximal intensities). Given the factors that influence the requirement to perform surges in these events, athletes must be prepared to always engage in a race with a highly stochastic pace. The aim of this review is to characterize the variable pacing profile seen in endurance events and to discuss how the performance of multiple maximal and supramaximal surges in intensity can affect how athletes fatigue during a race and influence training strategies that can lead to success in these races. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To examine whether an ecologically valid, intermittent, sprint-based warm-up strategy impacted the ergogenic capacity of individualized sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) ingestion on 4-km cycling time-trial (TT) performance. Methods: A total of 8 male cyclists attended 6 laboratory visits for familiarization, determination of time to peak blood bicarbonate, and 4 × 4-km cycling TTs. Experimental beverages were administered doubleblind. Treatments were conducted in a block-randomized, crossover order: intermittent warm-up + NaHCO3 (IWSB), intermittent warm-up + placebo, control warm-up + NaHCO3 (CWSB), and control warm-up + placebo (CWP). The intermittent warm-up comprised exercise corresponding to lactate threshold (5 min at 50%, 2 min at 60%, 2 min at 80%, 1 min at 100%, and 2 min at 50%) and 3 × 10-second maximal sprints. The control warm-up comprised 16.5 minutes cycling at 150 W. Participants ingested 0.3 g·kg body mass−1 NaHCO3 or 0.03 g·kg body mass−1 sodium chloride (placebo) in 5 mL·kg body mass−1 fluid (3:2, water and sugar-free orange squash). Paired t tests were conducted for TT performance. Hematological data (blood bicarbonate and blood lactate) and gastrointestinal discomfort were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance. Results: Performance was faster for CWSB versus IWSB (5.0 [6.1] s; P =.052) and CWP (5.8 [6.0] s; P =.03). Pre-TT bicarbonate concentration was elevated for CWSB versus IWSB (+9.3 mmol·L−1; P <.001) and CWP (+7.1 mmol·L−1; P <.001). Post-TT blood lactate concentration was elevated for CWSB versus CWP (+2.52 mmol·L−1; P =.022). Belching was exacerbated pre-warm-up for IWSB versus intermittent warm-up +placebo (P =.046) and CWP (P =.027). Conclusion: An intermittent, sprint-based warm-up mitigated the ergogenic benefits of NaHCO3 ingestion on 4-km cycling TT performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For male soccer players, the anthropometric profile and physical performance is already known but in women it is not well documented, the knowledge of these differences can qualify the training. Therefore, the aim of this study was two-fold: (i) to compare the anthropometric profile and physical fitness of Brazilian professional female and male soccer players; and (ii) analyze the relationships between anthropometric and physical fitness measures per sex. A cross-sectional study including 92 professional soccer players 44 women and 48 men was conducted. After one week of the end of the pre-season, the players from four different teams were assessed to anthropometric profile assessments and physical performance tests (e.g., jumping, linear sprint, change-of-direction and aerobic based test). Comparisons, correlation, and effect size analysis were performed between groups. Apart from the age and change-of-direction test, all other anthropometric and physical performance variables were significant different between women and men. Men were significantly faster than women in the 20 m linear sprint test (8.87%; p <.001; d = 2.382). The sum of skinfolds was correlated with some physical performance variables; however, body mass and body height were corrected with physical performance only for female soccer players. Thus, men performed better than women for most physical tests and presents differences in the anthropometric profile. Finally, coaches should consider that the anthropometric and performance profile are correlated differently between female and male soccer players. Thus, coaches should consider gender-specific parameters to create goals about the anthropometric and physical performance profile of players. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A variable pacing profile is common in different endurance events. In these races, several factors, such as changes in elevation or race dynamics, lead participants to perform numerous surges in intensity. These surges are so frequent that certain events, such as cross-country (XC) skiing, mountain biking (MTB), triathlon, and road cycling, have been termed “intermittent endurance events”. The characteristics of these surges vary depending on the sport: MTB and triathlon require athletes to perform numerous short (2 min) bouts. These bouts occur at intensities above the maximal metabolic steady state (MMSS), with many efforts performed at intensities above the athletes’ maximal aerobic power or speed (MAP/MAS) (i.e., supramaximal intensities). Given the factors that influence the requirement to perform surges in these events, athletes must be prepared to always engage in a race with a highly stochastic pace. The aim of this review is to characterize the variable pacing profile seen in endurance events and to discuss how the performance of multiple maximal and supramaximal surges in intensity can affect how athletes fatigue during a race and influence training strategies that can lead to success in these races.

Futsal is a sport with intermittent characteristics and varied intensities. Objectives: Evaluate the sprints performed by futsal athletes in each tactical position and propose a training protocol. Materials and Methods: This is a quantitative, descriptive and longitudinal study. Environment: Field study. Participants: Carried out with twenty adult futsal athletes, all Brazilians who played in the 2018 and 2019 seasons, being six fixed, eight flanks, and six pivots. The data collect took place through observation of the footage taken in 20 games. It was counting the passes in sprints by position. Data were analysed for a significance level of p ≤ 0.05. The research was approved by the Research Ethics Committee, protocol number 4,078,830. Results: The frequency of sprints per minute was 1.4, with a mean distance of 8.0 ± 3.4 m and occurrence of 30.1 ± 5.6 sprints per game. The results did not show statistically significant differences between the evaluated positions. Conclusion: However, these indicators served as parameters for proposing a training protocol specifically for sprints in the futsal modality, with a distance of less than 34.5m, with 40-second intervals between stimuli, and with a summed distance of at most of 463m.

There is a lack of evidence regarding the match demands encountered in elite Ultimate Frisbee (UF) overall and dependent upon opponent ranking. These data may be useful to elite UF coaches to implement optimal training loads and recovery strategies. Therefore, this study quantified the physical demands of elite UF match-play and analysed differences in demands according to opponent ranking. Twelve UF players from the same national team participated in the study. An observational design was used to compare the physical demands encountered by players between opponents carrying different rankings (1st, 3rd, 4th, and 5th) during four official matches in a 5-team competition. No significant differences (p > 0.05) in sprinting and repeated-sprinting activity were evident across UF matches between opponents. In contrast, a higher (moderate-large) quantity and greater intensities of body impacts were observed in UF matches played against higher-ranked (1st) compared to lower-ranked teams (3rd, 4th, and 5th). Additionally, greater (moderate-large) PL and metabolic power were observed in matches played against higher-ranked (1st) compared to lower-ranked teams (3rd and 4th). These findings suggest coaches may need to reduce the training loads in the next days after the matches played against higher-ranked opponents compared to when facing lower-ranked opponents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Featured Application: Hamstring strain injuries occur particularly in the later stages of a football match, suggesting that fatigue may play an important role. Moreover, sprinting is the principal mechanism to sustain a hamstring strain injury since it demands the hamstrings muscle group. After the injury, sprint performance and strength might be reduced, and muscle tissue properties can be altered even after the player returns to competition. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to compare the effects of (i) a repeated sprint protocol on the sprint performance, hamstrings shear modulus pattern, and neuromuscular parameters between players with and without previous hamstring strain injury; and (ii) between limbs with hamstring strain injury and their healthy contralateral limbs on the hamstrings shear modulus pattern and neuromuscular parameters. It should be noted that the biceps femoris long head muscle is the most affected muscle, and it has been reported that a higher contribution of the biceps femoris long head could possibly explain the greater injury rate on this muscle. The aim of the present study is to compare the effects of a (i) repeated sprint protocol on the sprint performance, hamstrings shear modulus pattern, and neuromuscular parameters between players with and without previous hamstring strain injury (HSI); and (ii) between limbs with HSI and their healthy contralateral limbs on the hamstrings shear modulus pattern and neuromuscular parameters. One-hundred-and-five professional and semiprofessional football field players were invited to participate in this study during the pre-season 2021/2022 (June–July), resulting in a sample size of 210 limbs with 46 sustaining HSI in the previous 2 years. No differences were seen between previously injured and healthy control players regarding their sprint performance, hamstrings shear modulus pattern, and neuromuscular parameters, except for the early rate of torque development (0–50 ms) with previously injured limbs in the biceps femoris long head (BFlh) displaying higher rates than their contralateral muscle (injured: 496.93 ± 234.22 Nm/s; contralateral 422.72 ± 208.29 Nm/s; p = 0.005; η2p = 0.469). Overall, the present study provides evidence for no differences regarding sprint performance, hamstrings load sharing pattern, and major neuromuscular parameters between players with previous HSI in the last 2 years and healthy control players. Therefore, the results can possibly suggest that the duration between injury and screening could recover the differences between injured-control and injured-contralateral groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kolepa Minigolf and coffe shop is an instance which run on minigolf services also food and beverages. Kolepa wanted to develope a mobile apps that can be use for Kolepa Customer to check on existing promo and book a table to play. Kolepa Mobile Apps will be integrated with Kolepa database. Based on the interview between Project Manager and owner of Kolepa, there's some feature that must be included on the Mobile Apps, which is Authenticate, Promo, Reservation, and Score Counter. In its implementation, agile methods are applied for each of the functions mentioned above. Aplication will be develope using Dart Programming Languange, which is part of Flutter Framework. Application development is divided into several sprints that are developed with predetermined deadlines. From the results of the development that has been carried out, feature testing is carried out using the blackbox method and it is found that the application has met the functional and non-functional requirements that have been set. With this application, Kolepa can simplify the bussiness they run.

Este estudio analiza el número de sprints y distancias recorridas a alta velocidad por futbolistas profesionales chilenos considerando la posición de juego con un dispositivo GPS. Método: Se registraron los datos de los esfuerzos de alta velocidad de 10 futbolistas profesionales. La cantidad de esfuerzo en sprints (> 21 km·h−1) y las distancias recorridas en la zona 4 (> 21 km·h−1 y < 25 km·h−1) y en la zona 5 (> 25 km·h−1) 1), diferenciando y agrupando a los jugadores por posición de juego. Se utilizó un dispositivo de Sistema de Posicionamiento Global (GPS) para recopilar los datos y los resultados se registraron en la nube del programa. Resultados: Se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre posiciones de juego en zona 4 (p=0,03), zona 5 (p=0,01) y número de sprints (p=0,01), siendo los delanteros anchos los que presentaron mayor número de sprints y distancia recorrida en altura. velocidad respecto al resto de posiciones, mientras que los centrales muestran una tendencia a desplazarse menos en las zonas 4 y 5 y tienen un menor número de sprints. Conclusión: El número de sprints y distancias recorridas a alta intensidad (zonas 4 y 5) son diferentes y serán específicos según las características de la posición de juego. Palabras clave: Fútbol; GPS; carreras de velocidad; Distancia recorrida; Esfuerzos de alta velocidad. Abstract. This study analyze the number of sprints and distances traveled at high speed by Chilean professional soccer players considering the playing position with a GPS device. Methods: The data from high-speed efforts of 10 professional soccer players were recorded. The amount of effort in sprints (> 21 km·h−1) and the distances covered in zone 4 (> 21 km·h−1 and < 25 km·h−1) and in zone 5 (> 25 km·h−1) were analyzed, differentiating and grouping the players by playing position. A Global Positioning System (GPS) device was used to collect the data, and the results were recorded in the program cloud. Results: Statistically significant differences were noted between playing positions in zone 4 (p=0.03), zone 5 (p=0.01), and number of sprints (p=0.01), with the wide forwards presenting the greatest number of sprints and distance traveled at high speed compared to the other positions, whereas the central defenders show a tendency to travel less in zones 4 and 5 and have a lower number of sprints. Conclusion: The number of sprints and distances covered at high intensity (zones 4 and 5) are different and will be specific according to the characteristics of the playing position. Keywords: Soccer; GPS; Sprints; Distance covered; High-speed efforts.

The supplementation of the nitric oxide precursor citrulline has been shown to boost athletic performance and recovery. Citrulline supplementation is appealing since it can be achieved legally through watermelon integration into the diet. However, the conditions where such supplementation improves exercise performance or physiological indexes related to exercise performance during cycling tests are confused and controversial since results differ according to the dosage, intake modality (chronic vs acute), the sport of interest, training status, and exercise intensity taken into account. Thus, an overview is needed to clarify the effects of citrulline during cycling tests. Moreover, the amount of watermelon required to achieve a minimum effective dosage of citrulline is unclear. This review analyses studies that investigated the effects of citrulline intake, taken acutely vs chronically, individually vs combined with other amino acids, and assessed through cycling tests in trained and recreationally active individuals. Previous research allows differentiating the citrulline effects during long-lasting submaximal intensity exercises, single sprints, multiple supramaximal sprints, as well as on the subjective feelings of discomfort associated with cycling exercise. Collectively, 6 g/day of citrulline supplementation for 7 days seems to improve sustained high-intensity laboratory time trials in both trained and recreationally active individuals. Causes may include physiological and psychological mechanisms associated with an improved energetic cost of cycling and a lower perception of fatigue. Performance improvements are also noticeable during single sprints in recreationally active individuals only as well as on the subjective perception of muscle fatigue and soreness during recovery. No improvements are noticeable on repeated sprints in trained individuals. This dosage of citrulline could be achievable through dietary watermelon supplementation (∼1.33 to 1.68 kg of "Tom Watson" and "Jubilee" fresh watermelon) without adding additional chemical synthesis-derived products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim to investigate internal and external load in three different game formats (8 v 8, 5 v 5, 3 v 3 with 80 m2 per player) of small-sided games (SSG) in Chinese elite youth football players. Twenty-nine elite male football players (age: 18.3 ± 0.5 years (mean ± SD), height: 175 ± 6 cm, weight: 65.5 ± 6.3 kg) participated in randomized order in the three formats. Each session consisted of 20 min: 3 v 3 on a 24 × 20-m pitch, 5 v 5 on a 32 × 25-m pitch, or 8 v 8 on a 40 × 32-m pitch all equalling 80 m2 per player. Each player was recorded once in each format. Using GPS-units and heart rate belts and blood lactate measured the two kinds of load. 8–10% higher total distance (P < 0.01) was observed in 8 v 8 and 5 v 5 compared with 3 v 3 (1627 ± 240 and 1595 ± 243 m vs. 1477 ± 179 m, ES = 0.55–0.71). Higher distance (P 14 km/h) in 8 v 8 and 5 v 5 than 3 v 3 (154 ± 94 m and 133 ± 59 m vs. 77 ± 35, ES = 1.09–1.15), whereas very high speed running distance (> 21 km/h) was higher (P < 0.01) in 8 v 8 than 5 v 5 and 3 v 3 (15.2 ± 19.5 vs. 5.3 ± 6.7 and 1.0 ± 0.4 m, ES = 0.69–1.03) and in 5 v 5 than 3 v 3. No difference was found between game formats in the number of intense accelerations nor intense decelerations. Blood lactate (3.5 ± 2.3 vs. 2.8 ± 1.9 vs. 2.4 ± 1.5 mmol · L-1, P = 0.201) and mean heart rate (155 ± 21 vs. 160 ± 11 vs. 157 ± 17 bpm, P = 0.254) was not different between 8v8, 5v5 and 3v3 game formats. Distance covered in total and in highest speed zones was higher in SSG formats with more players, which, however, did not lead to differences in internal load measured by heart rate and blood lactate.

O futsal caracteriza-se como modalidade esportiva intermitente envolvendo atividades anaeróbicas e aeróbicas. No entanto, há um predomí­nio das ações de moderada e alta intensidade por ser uma modalidade dinâmica exigindo dos atletas altas demandas fí­sicas, principalmente, força e velocidade. Verificar a correlação entre o desempenho de saltos verticais com sprints em linha reta e com mudança de direção em jogadores de futsal nas categorias de base SUB-15 e SUB-17. Materiais e Métodos: A amostra foi composta por 46 jogadores do sexo masculino, sendo 19 da categoria SUB-15 e 27 da categoria SUB-17. Foram submetidos à anamnese, composição corporal e teste de esforço para avaliação de saltos verticais (SA e SCM) e sprints (SLR e SMD). A normalidade dos dados foi verificada pelo teste de Shapiro-Wilk, para as correlações dos testes foi utilizado o teste de correlação de Pearson. Para as análises dos desempenhos entre as categorias foi utilizado teste t não pareado. O ní­vel de significância adotado foi de p < 0,05. Resultados: Os valores de correlação encontrados para a categoria SUB-15 foram r= -0,115 (SLR e SA), r= -0,007 (SLR e SCM), r= -0,141 (SMD e SA) e r= 0,131 (SMD e SCM). Já para a categoria SUB-17 foram r= -0,243 (SLR e SA), r= -0,307 (SLR e SCM), r= -0,256 (SMD e SA) e r= -0,224 (SMD e SCM). Os dados desse estudo apresentam semelhança com os dados de literatura que utilizam as mesmas caracterí­sticas de amostra e procedimento. Os valores de correlação foram baixos e não significativos apontando que os saltos verticais e sprints possuem demandas diferentes e que por esta razão é necessário cautela ao usar os SV como método de treinamento da velocidade, sendo necessários treinamentos diferentes, considerando as especificidades das tarefas. Além disso, o estágio maturacional deve ser considerado para a progressão das cargas de treino e obter melhoria nos desempenhos.

This study investigated the effect of beta-alanine supplementation on short-duration sprints and final 4-km simulated uphill cycling time-trial performance during a comprehensive and novel exercise protocol representative of the demands of road-race cycling, and determined if changes were related to increases in muscle carnosine content. Seventeen cyclists (age 38 ± 9 y, height 1.76 ± 0.07 m, body mass 71.4 ± 8.8 kg, V̇O2max 52.4 ± 8.3 ml·kg−1·min−1) participated in this placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Cyclists undertook a prolonged intermittent cycling protocol lasting 125 min, with a 10-s sprint every 20 min, finishing with a 4-km time-trial at 5% simulated incline. Participants completed two familiarization sessions, and two main sessions, one pre-supplementation and one post-supplementation following 28 days of 6.4 g·day−1 of beta-alanine (N=11) or placebo (N=6; maltodextrin). Muscle biopsies obtained pre- and post-supplementation were analysed for muscle carnosine content. There were no main effects on sprint performance throughout the intermittent cycling test (all P>0.05). There was no group (P=0.69), time (P=0.50) or group x time interaction (P=0.26) on time-to-complete the 4-km time-trial. Time-to-completion did not change from pre- to post-supplementation for BA (−19.2 ± 45.6 s, P=0.43) or PL (+2.8 ± 31.6 s, P=0.99). Beta-alanine supplementation increased muscle carnosine content from pre- to post-supplementation (+9.4 ± 4.0 mmol·kg−1dm; P<0.0001) but was not related to performance changes (r=0.320, P=0.37). Chronic beta-alanine supplementation increased muscle carnosine content but did not improve short-duration sprint performance throughout simulated road race cycling, nor 4-km uphill time-trial performance conducted at the end of this cycling test. Highlights Performance during prolonged cycling events often depends on the ability to maintain an increased power output during higher intensity periods. Thus, cyclists are likely heavily dependent on their ability to resist fatigue during these periods of high-intensity activity. Meta-analytical data show beta-alanine to be an effective supplement to improve exercise outcomes, but little work exists on its efficacy during dynamic actions that are common during prolonged cycling. Beta-alanine supplementation increased muscle carnosine content but did not generate improvements in the performance of high-intensity cycling (10-s sprints or 4-km uphill time-trial) during a simulated road race cycling protocol. These data suggest that short duration sprints (≤10 s) and longer duration (>10 min) high-intensity activity throughout endurance cycling may not be improved with beta-alanine supplementation despite increases in muscle carnosine content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The industrial development of technology, with appropriate adaptation, enables us to discover possibilities in sport training control. Therefore, we have developed a new approach to linear running analysis. This study aims to determine the measurement possibilities using an LDM301A laser system in obtaining basic kinematic parameters. The second goal is the application of specialized computer programs based on appropriate algorithms to calculate a vast number of variables that can be used to adjust the training and the rivalry. It is a non-invasive, non-contact measurement method. We can also determine the influence of both subjective and objective external factors. In this way, we can also conduct training with real-time scientific feedback. This method is easy to use and requires very little time to set up and use. The efficiency and running economy can be calculated with various time, speed, acceleration, and length indexes. Calculating the symmetries between the left and right leg in velocity, stride lengths, support phase times, flight phase times, and step frequency are possible. Using the laser measurement method and detailed kinematic analysis may constitute a new chapter in measuring speed. However, it still has to compete with classic photocell measurement methods. This is mainly due to their high frequency of measurement used, despite some reservations about the scale of measurement errors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problem definition: Agile project management, in particular Scrum, is enjoying increased use in practice despite only scant scientific validation. This article explores how agile project management impacts project performance and execution. We compare the effects of agile sprints—short-term project phases characterized by time-boxed progression from one sprint to the next and self-imposed, phase-specific output goals—with those of traditional project management. Methodology/results: We decompose the two sprint elements of time-boxed progression and self-imposed, phase-specific output goals as factors in a 2 × 2 experimental design. We then conceptualize project execution as a simple real-effort task and conduct a controlled laboratory study. For a given duration, participants perform better with time-boxed progression as, without it, that is, with flexible progression, they spend too much time on early project phases at the expense of later ones. We refer to this effect as "progression fallacy" and show how it differs from well-known behavioral effects that cause project delays. Introducing self-imposed, phase-specific output goals in combination with time-boxed progression, as proposed by Scrum, does not significantly improve performance when compared with time-boxed progression alone. However, the combination of self-imposed, phase-specific output goals and flexible progression, as is common in traditional project management, amplifies the progression fallacy with the result that goal-setting has a negative performance effect. In two control treatments, we show that the progression fallacy is robust to planning and progression prompts despite some mitigation. Managerial implications: This study contributes evidence of higher project performance when working in agile sprints, which mitigate behavioral flaws present in traditional project management. Not only do these behavioral insights apply to project management; they are also relevant in the broader context of task completion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate a plyometric conditioning activity (3 sets of 5 countermovement jumps, [CA]) for twitch properties and voluntary knee extension. Methods: After a familiarization session, fourteen highly trained sprint athletes, 12 men (23.25 ± 7.17 years) and 2 women (23.0 ± 2.8 years) performed 2 experiments, each in a randomized order (crossover design). In one experiment, the time-course of twitch contractile properties was evaluated with and without the previous CA at 2, min intervals to 10 min of recovery. In the second session, maximal voluntary knee extension was evaluated at the same recovery intervals, for control and experimental condition in random order. Results: Mixed-model ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc revealed significant differences between pre-test and 2 min (p < 0.01, ES = 0.42) and 4 min (p < 0.01, ES = 0.20) for peak twitch torque of quadriceps femoris muscles confirming postactivation potentiation [PAP] at these times. Twitch rate of torque development (RTD) was significantly greater than pre-test value only at 2 min (p < 0.01, ES = 0.58) after the CA. Twitch contraction time and ½ relaxation time were not significantly difference from pre-test values after the CA (p > 0.05). No significant difference was observed for voluntary RTD following CA. Conclusion: The plyometric CA increased twitch peak torque and RTD consistent with PAP; however, there was no effect of CA on voluntary RTD of knee extension at any time after the plyometric CA. Even with PAP confirmed, we observed that the CA fails to improve isometric RTD of quadriceps femoris muscles. A plyometric CA significantly increased twitch peak torque (at 2 and 4 min) and twitch rate of torque development (at 2 min) of quadriceps femoris muscles, indicating postactivation potentiation (PAP). No effect was observed for twitch contraction time and ½ relaxation time after the CA. No improvement was observed on voluntary rate of torque development evaluated at the same time intervals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to compare repeated jump tests (RJT's) performance indices of adolescent and prepubertal basketball players during different stages of basketball games, and to examine their relationships to aerobic capacity. The study included 34 male basketball players - 18 children (age 12.1±0.4 yrs) and 16 adolescents (age 17.2±0.4 yrs.) - who were asked to perform RJT after a warm-up, at halftime, at the end of a game, as well as an aerobic power test. A significant decrease in Ideal jump height (IJH) between half-time and full-time was seen among the adolescents (p<0.01), yet not among the children. Moreover, while the Total jump height (TJH) was significantly increased (p<0.05) among the children at the end of the game compared to at the warm-up, this significantly decreased among the adolescents (p<0.01). Significant correlations were found between the IJH at halftime and full-time and the aerobic fitness, and between the TJH at halftime and the aerobic fitness among the children's group. No significant correlations were found between aerobic fitness and any RJT performance indices in the adolescents' group. The findings demonstrate that prepubertal children are superior in maintaining repeated jumping performance during basketball games compared to adolescents. The findings also suggest that the aerobic system is a significant energy contributor among children, but not among adolescent players, during repeated jump activity. Coaches of young basketball players may consider these differences, allowing more breaks for recovery during training sessions for adolescents' groups when an intense activity such as repeated jumps is involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to analyze and compare very high-intensity acceleration and deceleration in official matches in two different professional teams during three competitive seasons (Italian 3rd Division-Series C, 2019-20, 2020-21, 2021-22), to understand how two different training methodologies during the week influenced the performance about these parameters indicated above. Eighty-seven (n=87) élite football players participated in this study (age 23.1±1.4; body weight 77.8±1.7; height 181.9±0.6; fat mass 10.7±1.5), without goalkeepers. Every player has been analyzed with a K-AI live device 50Hz (K-Sport Universal STATS, Italy) in 857 pieces of training and 104 official matches for three regular seasons. These data were collected in groups with similar performance indexes (PI). All data have been analyzed with Dynamix Software, K-Sport Online. Data show that percentage very high intensity acceleration (%D_A8; >3m/s²) and very high intensity deceleration (%D_A1; < - 3m/s²) are very large differences from during training session, respectively (ES: -1.63; p<0.05 and ES: -2.38; p<0.05) and during official match, respectively (ES: -2.11; p<0.05 and ES: 2.22 p<0.05). As regards the comparisons between seasons of the official competitions, there is an insignificant difference for all parameters between T1 and T2, which denotes a similar style of play and a similar level of preparation between the two seasons same athletic trainer and work volume physical between 32.9% and 35.4%. With an important all-out lactacid contribution without the ball in training 1 session per week for about 40 weeks. Instead between T1 and T3, the changes are statistically significant on all parameters in favor of T1 and between T2 and T3 in favor of T2. Also, this season the head fitness coach was the same but he worked between 7 and 10% less and the lactic acid work without the ball and with the ball was practically inexistent (0.07%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. High-speeds distances covered during a soccer match are considered a good indicator of team success, especially for some playing positions. These distances vary markedly among different playing positions, and match congestion typically results in a reduction of high-intensity activities. However, the different playing levels might influence those results. Aim of Study. 1) To analyze the differences in the total distance covered during the match, and the high-intensity physical performance parameters between the various playing positions in the four highest-ranking teams in the 2018 FIFA World Cup. 2) To follow the evolution of those parameters throughout the competition. Material and Methods. Match data, reported by FIFA, of the four teams classified for the semi-finals in the 2018 World Cup were used. Differences between the different playing positions and the different phases were analyzed. Results. The distances covered at high speeds and the number of sprints performed during a soccer match may differentiate team performance. The distance covered at 20-25 km/h, at speeds exceeding 25 km/h, and the total number of sprints were significantly lower (p < 0.05) for central defenders; they were higher for the wide-midfielders, though not significantly likely due to the low sample size. No significant differences were observed between the different phases in most of the study variables. Conclusions. Understanding the differences between the different playing positions in the highestranking teams of the competitions may help coaches to carefully design players’ rotations and include different soccer-specific drills for each playing position to contribute to team success. Together with a good technical and tactical strategy, promoting post-match recovery may be the key for team success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study detailed here has sought to assess the physical and technical activity engaged in by football players in the light of the direction of travel in which time zones were crossed as players transferred from training centres to match venues, in the context of matches played at the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia. The material consisted of 945 observations of 340 players. Analysed: total distances covered [km], distances covered with high-intensity running (20–25 km/h) [m], numbers of sprints, numbers of shots, numbers of passes, pass accuracy [%] and the official ranking of national teams. Three categories of time-zone shift (training centre → match venue) were taken account of, i.e. (1) West→East (WE), (2) Same Zone (SZ) and (3) East→West (EW). Analysis of results revealed that players in the EW and SZ categories were able to achieve results significantly better than those moving WE (total distances covered H = 11.815(2); p = 0.003; numbers of passes H = 7.630(2); p = 0.022), and this in relation to team placings in the end-of-tournament ranking (H = 18.099(2); p = 0.001). The results will be valuable in searching places for training centres during future FIFA World Cup and UEFA European Championship competitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to ascertain the effect of playing three consecutive matches with extra time (ET) on the physical performance of selected Croatian players in their subsequent match, the final of the 2018 Men’s World Cup in Russia. The case study consisted of 4 players on the Croatian national team (16 observations) who had played in all three matches up to 120 min. The consecutive full time matches (90 minutes) and extra time (30 minutes) were compared. The analysis was conducted using data collected by an advanced motion analysis system known as STATS and from interviews with the strength and conditioning coach of the Croatian national team. The recorded variables used were: total distance covered [m], distances covered [m] at intensity ranges of 20–25 km/h and above 25 km/h, and number of sprints performed. All the studied parameters systematically increased in each match up to 90 minutes of play, reached their maximum values in the semi-final and then decreased in the final match. Compared to the first extra time period, in the third extra time period the players covered twice as much distance with an intensity of 20–25 km/h and above 25 km/h, and recorded twice as many sprints. This investigation shows that players in central positions on the pitch are able to maintain or even increase high and very high intensity activity in three consecutive matches with extra time. These data complement the developing body of literature relating to the influence of accumulation of match play with extra time periods on high level players.

Prior research suggests interorganizational collaboration faces temporal challenges and also opportunities yet is scarce on the role of time enabling—more often deterring—collaboration for collective benefit. Our contribution is highlighting how a large industry–academic research network developed temporally complex collaboration through varying temporal rules and relationships. The three network-developed collaborative repertoires, with their particular temporal rules and relationships, complemented the externally imposed calendar repertoire: (1) sprint repertoire, following a familiar agile method for joint research, (2) narrative time repertoire, enabling sharing research results across various events at the program level, and (3) "right" time repertoire that turned research results into action in emerging business ecosystems. With these collaborative repertoires, both the temporal diversities of home organizations and the asynchronies of the network activities were resolved for collective benefit. We contribute to the intersection of the literatures on interorganizational network collaboration and temporality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The review aimed to perform a meta-analysis of studies exploring the acute effects of sodium bicarbonate on Wingate test performance. Ten databases were searched to find studies that examined the effects of sodium bicarbonate on single and repeated Wingate tests. Meta-analyses were performed using the random-effects model. Ten studies were included in the review. There was no significant difference between the sodium bicarbonate and placebo trials for mean power in Wingate test 1 (standardized mean difference [SMD]¼0.02; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.07, 0.11) and test 3 (SMD =0.21; 95% CI: -0.16, 0.58). There was a significant effect of sodium bicarbonate on mean power in Wingate test 2 (SMD =0.09; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.16), and test 4 (SMD =0.62; 95% CI: 0.15, 1.08). When considering studies that used shorter rest intervals between repeated Wingate tests, a significant effect of sodium bicarbonate was found on mean power in Wingate test 3 (SMD =0.40; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.80). There was no significant difference between the sodium bicarbonate and placebo trials for peak power in Wingate test 1 (SMD =-0.01; 95% CI: -0.06, 0.04), test 2 (SMD =0.02; 95% CI: -0.10, 0.13), or test 4 (SMD =0.29; 95% CI: -0.13, 0.71). There was a significant effect of sodium bicarbonate on peak power in test 3 (SMD =0.09; 95% CI: 0.00, 0.17). The results of this review suggest that sodium bicarbonate may provide an ergogenic effect on measures of repeated Wingate test performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this review was to summarise current training methodologies used to enhance maximum velocity sprint performance and evaluate the efficacy of these methodologies over a training program. Additionally, this review aimed to provide some transparency about the training interventions and criterion used to assess maximal speed so coaches can make informed decisions about the use of such methodologies when programming. A total of 20 original research articles, seven reviews and one meta-analysis has been included in this review from the following databases: SPORT DISCUS, PubMed and Google Scholar. Key words used in the search criteria included 'strength training', 'sprint' or 'speed performance', 'resisted sprints', 'assisted sprints' and 'maximum speed 'or 'velocity'. This review highlights the inconsistencies observed in training intervention studies where sprint performance is the key outcome. Assisted sprint training appeared to have a positive effect on un-assisted sprint performance. Resisted sprint training interventions have produced conflicting results and may only be beneficial for the acceleration phase of a maximal sprint. Resistance training interventions appeared to be most effective when high force and high-power programs were combined, and plyometric exercises must be sprint specific to produce significant results over a training program. Collectively, resisted sprints, assisted sprints, resistance and plyometric training may be effective in enhancing sprint performance over distances up to 40m however, whether these interventions are more effective than standard sprint training is unclear. Despite the widespread use and theoretical support for the methodologies mentioned in this review, there is limited information that supports the use of these methods over traditional sprint training alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study is to compare the effects of a (i) repeated sprint protocol on the sprint performance, hamstrings shear modulus pattern, and neuromuscular parameters between players with and without previous hamstring strain injury (HSI); and (ii) between limbs with HSI and their healthy contralateral limbs on the hamstrings shear modulus pattern and neuromuscular parameters. One-hundred-and-five professional and semiprofessional football field players were invited to participate in this study during the pre-season 2021/2022 (June–July), resulting in a sample size of 210 limbs with 46 sustaining HSI in the previous 2 years. No differences were seen between previously injured and healthy control players regarding their sprint performance, hamstrings shear modulus pattern, and neuromuscular parameters, except for the early rate of torque development (0–50 ms) with previously injured limbs in the biceps femoris long head (BFlh) displaying higher rates than their contralateral muscle (injured: 496.93 ± 234.22 Nm/s; contralateral 422.72 ± 208.29 Nm/s; p = 0.005; η2p = 0.469). Overall, the present study provides evidence for no differences regarding sprint performance, hamstrings load sharing pattern, and major neuromuscular parameters between players with previous HSI in the last 2 years and healthy control players. Therefore, the results can possibly suggest that the duration between injury and screening could recover the differences between injured-control and injured-contralateral groups.

The purpose of this study was to examine how the four best teams in the 2018 Football Men's World Cup rotate by squad and how this impact the physical activity of the teams in consecutive rounds. The study sample consisted of the 31 players of the 4 best teams, who played in every tournament match, except for the third game of the group stage. The analysis included 186 observations and was carried out on the most exploited players (MEP) excluding goalkeepers, who played at least 450 mins (5 full matches) in the tournament. The analysis was conducted using data collected by an advanced motion analysis system known as STATS®. The selected physical activity parameters analyzed included: total distance covered (m/min), distance covered at various intensity ranges (m/min), top speed (km/h), and number of sprints performed. It was found that all four teams in the third match of the group stage have performed the largest number of rotations with most exploited players and introduced the highest number of rested players (7.75 ± 2.06). A significant increase was observed between the second and fourth match in the 0–7 km/h distance covered (37.99 ± 3.19–39.23 ± 3.35 m/min) and the top speed (28.12 ± 2.22–29.21 ± 2.64 km/h)—p < 0.05. Furthermore, MEPs in the knockout stage, used pacing strategies by increasing the amount of low-intensity running to maintain high intensity during the game. From a practical point of view, this investigation shows that squad rotation can be a valuable support to a pacing strategy by players.

The purpose of this study was to examine how the four best teams in the 2018 Football Men's World Cup rotate by squad and how this impact the physical activity of the teams in consecutive rounds. The study sample consisted of the 31 players of the 4 best teams, who played in every tournament match, except for the third game of the group stage. The analysis included 186 observations and was carried out on the most exploited players (MEP) excluding goalkeepers, who played at least 450 mins (5 full matches) in the tournament. The analysis was conducted using data collected by an advanced motion analysis system known as STATS®. The selected physical activity parameters analyzed included: total distance covered (m/min), distance covered at various intensity ranges (m/min), top speed (km/h), and number of sprints performed. It was found that all four teams in the third match of the group stage have performed the largest number of rotations with most exploited players and introduced the highest number of rested players (7.75 ± 2.06). A significant increase was observed between the second and fourth match in the 0–7 km/h distance covered (37.99 ± 3.19–39.23 ± 3.35 m/min) and the top speed (28.12 ± 2.22–29.21 ± 2.64 km/h)— p < 0.05. Furthermore, MEPs in the knockout stage, used pacing strategies by increasing the amount of low-intensity running to maintain high intensity during the game. From a practical point of view, this investigation shows that squad rotation can be a valuable support to a pacing strategy by players. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study attempts to assess changes in soccer players' physical and technical activity profiles due to thermal stress, measured with the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI), in training centres and during matches of the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia. The study also verifies the theoretical models of soccer players' physiological parameters. The study sample consisted of 945 observations of 340 players of national teams taking part in the World Cup in Russia. The measured variables included physical activities: total distance covered, distances covered with an intensity of 20–25 km/h, number of sprints; technical activities: number of shots, number of passes, pass accuracy and physiological indicators: evaporative water loss and heart rate. In addition, the final ranking places of each national team were also used in the study. The UTCI was calculated based on meteorological data recorded at training centres and during matches. The UTCI records were then classified into two ranges: NTS—no thermal stress (UTCI 9–26 °C) and TS—thermal stress (UTCI > 26 °C). Climatic conditions at soccer training centres assessed as involving "no thermal stress" are found to be more beneficial for increasing the total distance covered and the number of sprints performed by players during a match. The theoretical models for determining soccer players' physiological parameters used in the study reduce the players' heart rate effort and evaporative water loss, which is in line with findings in studies by other authors. The climatic conditions at soccer training centres and during tournament matches should be taken into account in planning preparations for future World Cup tournaments, especially those in hotter countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the challenges for sports scientists working in football is to balance the needs for routine fitness testing with daily fatigue and well-being monitoring to best manage the physical preparation of players. In this commentary, the authors examine contemporary issues of fitness testing in football to identify ways of improving the value of routine testing and monitoring. A testing program must be well planned and organized to ensure that the results are useful. Different tests can be employed for younger and older players. A rigorous approach to analysis and interpretation of results is desirable, and database management must address both short- and long-term requirements of players, staff, and programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Philosophy of sport orthodoxy maintains the following three theses: (1) all sports (or all refereed sports) are games; (2) games are as Suits defined them; and (3) sprints are sports. This article argues that these three theses cannot be jointly maintained and offers exploratory thoughts regarding what might follow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to describe the dynamics of a repeated sprint ability (RSA) cycling protocol in young elite basketball players. Twenty-two elite male basketball players (aged 18.3±0.6 years; training years 9.1±1.3 years) performed 3 bouts of a repeated sprint ability (RSA) protocols, consisting of 5 x 6-s cycling sprints with a 24-s rest interval between sprints. The work decrement during the first trial was high (14.1±4.8%) and after 5-minute rest did not change significantly. The total work decreased by 5.5% in the second work interval and by 2.9% in the third interval. During the 5-minute passive rest, young basketball players’ peak power recovered about 90% of the initial levels. It is suggested that rest intervals are sufficient to continue the game with adequate performance potential. A reduction in work decrement, while maintaining the capacity of all sprints, is needed to achieve a higher repeated sprint ability. Resumen El propósito de este estudio fue describir la dinámica de un protocolo de esprines repetidos en jóvenes jugadores de baloncesto. Veintidós jugadores de baloncesto masculino (con edades comprendidas entre 18,3 ± 0,6 años, años de entrenamiento de 9,1 ± 1,3 años) realizaron 3 series de un protocolo de esprín repetido, consistiendo en 5 esprines en cicloergometro de 6-s con de descanso de 24-s entre esprints. La disminución del trabajo durante la primera serie fue alta (14.1 ± 4.8%) y después de 5 minutos de descanso no cambió significativamente. El trabajo total disminuyó en un 5.5% en la segunda serie y en un 2.9% en la tercera. Durante el descanso pasivo de 5 minutos, la potencia máxima de los jóvenes jugadores de baloncesto recuperó aproximadamente hasta un 90% de los niveles iniciales. Se sugiere que los intervalos de descanso sean suficientes para continuar el juego con un potencial de rendimiento adecuado. Se necesita una reducción en el decremento del trabajo, mientras se mantiene la capacidad de todos los esprines, para optimizar esta capacidad de rendimiento tan importante en baloncesto.

The purpose of this study was to ascertain the effect of playing three consecutive matches with extra time (ET) on the physical performance of selected Croatian players in their subsequent match, the final of the 2018 Men's World Cup in Russia. The case study consisted of 4 players on the Croatian national team (16 observations) who had played in all three matches up to 120 min. The consecutive full time matches (90 minutes) and extra time (30 minutes) were compared. The analysis was conducted using data collected by an advanced motion analysis system known as STATS and from interviews with the strength and conditioning coach of the Croatian national team. The recorded variables used were: total distance covered [m], distances covered [m] at intensity ranges of 20-25 km/h and above 25 km/h, and number of sprints performed. All the studied parameters systematically increased in each match up to 90 minutes of play, reached their maximum values in the semi-final and then decreased in the final match. Compared to the first extra time period, in the third extra time period the players covered twice as much distance with an intensity of 20-25 km/h and above 25 km/h, and recorded twice as many sprints. This investigation shows that players in central positions on the pitch are able to maintain or even increase high and very high intensity activity in three consecutive matches with extra time. These data complement the developing body of literature relating to the influence of accumulation of match play with extra time periods on high level players. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anthropometric characteristics and physical performance are closely related to the game demands of each playing position. This study aimed to first examine the differences between playing positions in anthropometric characteristics and physical performance with special emphasis on the isokinetic strength of elite male handball players, and secondly to examine the correlations of the latter variables with ball velocity. Anthropometric characteristics, maximal isokinetic strength, sprinting and vertical jumping performance, and ball velocity in the set shot and jump shot were obtained from 93 elite handball players (age 22 ± 5 years, height 184 ± 8 cm, and weight 84 ± 14 kg) pre-season. Wing players were shorter compared to other players, and pivots were the heaviest. Wings had the fastest 20 m sprints, and, along with backcourt players, jumped higher, had better maximal knee isometric strength, and achieved the highest ball velocity compared to pivots and goalkeepers, respectively. There were no significant differences between playing positions in unilateral and bilateral maximal leg strength imbalances. Ball velocity was significantly correlated with height, weight, squat jump and maximal torque of extensors and flexors. Our study suggest that shooting success is largely determined by the player's height, weight, muscle strength and power, while it seems that anthropometric characteristics and physical performance are closely related to the game demands of each playing position. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To investigate whether self-reported health complaints and choice of heat stress prevention strategies during the taper predicted peaking at an athletics championship in hot conditions.Design: Cohort study.Methods: Data on health and heat stress prevention were collected before the 2015 World Athletics Championship in Beijing, China. Peaking was defined using the athlete's pre-competition ranking and final competition rank. Baseline and endpoint data were fitted into multiple logic regression models.Results: Two hundred forty-five (29%) of 841 eligible athletes participated. Both sprint/power (Odds ratio (OR) 0.33 (95% Confidence interval (CI) 0.11 to 0.94), P=0.038) and endurance/combined events (OR 0.38 (95% CI 0.14 to 1.00), P=0.049) athletes having sustained concern-causing health complaints during the taper were less likely to peak. Endurance/combined events athletes who chose pre-cooling to mitigate heat stress were less likely to peak (OR 0.35 (95% CI 0.15 to 0.80), P=0.013), while sprint/power athletes reporting a sudden-onset injury complaint during the taper displayed increased peaking (OR 4.47 (95% CI 1.28 to 15.59), P=0.019).Conclusions: Health complaints that caused the athlete concern during the taper were predictive of failure to peak at a major athletics competition. Sprint/power athletes who experienced an acute injury symptom during the taper appeared to benefit from rest. Pre-cooling strategies seem to require further validation during real-world endurance/combined events. It appears that athletics athletes' self-reported health should be monitored during the taper, concerns addressed, and heat stress prevention strategies individually tested before championships in hot conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Caffeine is an ergogenic aid in many sports, including basketball. This systematic review examines the effects of caffeine on basketball-related skill tasks along with physical aspects of performance deemed important for the game. A systematic search was conducted across three databases (PubMed, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science) to identify randomized-controlled trials which examined the effect of caffeine on basketball performance outcomes including: free-throw, 3-point shooting accuracy, dribbling speed, vertical jump height, and linear and repeated sprints. Forty-six articles were identified of which 10 met the inclusion criteria. Improvements in vertical jump were identified in four of five studies, agility in two of four studies, and in linear and repeated sprints in two of three studies. No deterioration in basketball skills performance was observed in any studies. It is suggested that caffeine is useful for basketball players to improve the physical aspects of their game-play performance but there is little evidence of any change in skill-based performance at present. Further research should clarify the effects of caffeine on basketball performance in women and the role of individual genetic variation on caffeine metabolism. Basketball players and coaches should be aware of the properties of caffeine before ingesting it as an ergogenic supplement.

The current study aimed to investigate the differences in running demands between the National Hurling League (NHL) and the Championship, and within playing positions. GPS (10 Hz, STATSports Apex GNSS) were used to analyse the running demands during 34 games (2017–2020 seasons) of the Championship and the NHL. The running demands (total-, relative-, high-speed- [>17 km·h−1] and sprint [≥22 km·h−1] distance, number and length of sprints, and peak speed) were compared between competitions. Greater total- [ES = 0.32], relative- [ES = 0.26], and sprint-distance [ES = 0.41], and number of sprints [ES = 1.29] were completed in the Championship. The high-speed distance was similar between competitions. Half-backs and half-forwards covered greater total- (ES = 0.91 and 0.21, respectively), relative- (ES = 1.14 and 0.68, respectively), high-speed- (ES = 0.69 and 0.44, respectively), and sprint-distance (ES = 0.50 and 1.26, respectively), number of sprints (ES = 2.66 and 1.73, respectively), and peak speed (ES = 1.09 and 1.32, respectively) in the Championship. There was no difference (p < 0.05) in the sprint distance covered between positions in the Championship. The results showed that the Championship is more physically demanding. The findings present key implications for the transition between competitions.