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Key Clinical Message: Squamous cell papilloma with elongated villous projections may occur in the hypopharynx and present with symptoms observable on physical examination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Due to the multifactorial etiology, tumor manifestation in any vertebrate species may become a critical issue. This topic requires more consideration for species in aquatic ecosystems as an enclosed habitat. In addition, knowledge about oncogenesis in the aquaculture industry enhances the quality of products and its earned benefits. Objectives: This study investigated the tumor lesions, their characteristics, and probable causes, in the most commercially important fish in the southern Caspian Sea: Caspian white fish (Rutilus kutum). Methods: To accomplish this goal, after gross pathology of more than 20 cases, histopathological examinations and electron microscopic assays were employed. Results: The findings confirmed squamous cell carcinoma and squamous cell papilloma in the examined cases. Furthermore, the virus-like particles were clearly observed in the transmission electron microscopy results, indicating the probable viral etiology for these neoplastic lesions in Caspian Kutum. Conclusion: This study is the first to report the tumor prevalence in fish species of the southern Caspian Sea, which could be an alert for the mentioned ecosystem's health and the whole aquaculture industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message Squamous cell papilloma with elongated villous projections may occur in the hypopharynx and present with symptoms observable on physical examination.

Simultaneous multiple primary tumors on the same side of the lung with Tropheryma whipplei (TW) infection are rare. We reviewed the clinical data, imaging manifestations, pathological results, diagnosis and treatment of a primary pulmonary mucinous adenocarcinoma (PPMA) patient with bronchial squamous cell papilloma (BSCP) and TW infection, and discussed our treatment experience. The patient mainly presented with chronic cough and sputum, and computed tomography (CT) showed inflammatory changes with multiple nodular shadows. Biopsy of the lower lobe of the right lung showed PPMA, and right lung sub-branchial nodules discovered during bronchoscope revealed BSCP. Metagenomics next generation sequencing (mNGS) of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid showed mixed infection of Streptococcus pneumoniae and TW with a poor anti-infective effect. No clear genetic mutation was detected, and the patient was treated with chemotherapy and regularly followed up. We should improve the awareness of multiple pulmonary pathologies during clinical practice, avoid missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis, and carry out comprehensive treatment after clarifying the diagnosis as soon as possible.

Simple Summary: The present systematic review aimed to gain deeper insight into the epidemiology, clinical presentation, and histopathology of HPV-related benign and malignant lesions of the oral mucosa in pediatric patients to improve the multidisciplinary preventive and therapeutic management of oral and general healthcare. The emerging role of HPV in oral carcinogenesis in pediatric subjects, along with benign oral mucosal lesions and asymptomatic infections, brings HPV vaccination to the forefront specifically for this age group. The present systematic review aimed to assess the prevalence of oral HPV-related lesions, categorized as benign (verruca vulgaris "VV", squamous cell papilloma "SP", condyloma acuminata "CA", and focal epithelial hyperplasia "FEH") and malignant (oral squamous cell carcinoma "OSCC"), in descending order of occurrence in pediatric subjects (≤18 years of age). The secondary objectives were to evaluate the frequency and types of oral lesions described in relation to HPV genotypes and the HPV vaccine type (if any). The study protocol, compliant with the PRISMA statement, was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42022352268). Data from 60 studies, of which quality was assessed using the ROBINS-I tool, were independently extracted and synthesized. Along with seven poorly described benign HPV-related oral lesions that could not be categorized, a total of 146 HPV-related oral lesions, namely 47.26% (n = 69) VV, SP, and CA, 51.37% (n = 75) FEH, and 1.37% (n = 2) OSSC, were diagnosed in 153 pediatric subjects (M:F ratio = 1:1.4) with a mean age of lesion onset of 8.46 years. The viral genotypes detected were HPV-13 (30.61%), -6 (20.41%), -11 (16.33%), HPV-2 (12.24%), -32 (10.20%), -57 (6.12%), and -16 (4.08%). No HPV vaccination was reported in any case. Further studies should be conducted to evaluate the prevalence of HPV-related benign and malignant lesions and the potential role of HPV and associated vaccination in oral carcinogenesis in pediatric subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bladder noninvasive squamous lesions are usually rare; here, we are presenting a case of 39 years old male patient with a benign squamous cell papilloma. The tumor grossly presented as cauliflower mass mimicking squamous cell carcinoma, while histologically, the tumor showed extensive keratinization at its surface and showed no nuclear atypia or stromal invasion. This tumor is benign and extremely rare.In this manuscript, we summarized a case of Squamous cell papilloma of the bladder with the first operative video for the transurethral resection of squamous cell papilloma with percutaneous management of associated urinary bladder stones.

Abstract Squamous cell papilloma (SCP) is a benign neoplasm of the head and neck. Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been reported to be a tumourigenic factor for SCP. However, not all SCPs are positive for HPV, suggesting that other possible mechanisms are involved in their development. In this study, we examined the mutational status of 51 SCPs using targeted panel sequencing in addition to HPV status using GP5+/GP6+ PCR. HPV DNA was detected in 6 (12%) SCPs, while KRAS and HRAS mutations were detected in 18 (35%) and 17 (33%) SCPs, respectively. Notably, KRAS mutations, HRAS mutations and HPV infection were mutually exclusive. The larynx and trachea (4/7, 57%) were more preferentially infected by HPV than the other sites (2/44, 5%, p = 0.0019) and HPV was associated with multifocal development (4/5, 80%). In contrast, KRAS and HRAS mutations in SCPs were evenly distributed across the anatomical sites and found only in single SCPs. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that HPV was not frequently involved in SCPs and that RAS mutations were more common alterations. In contrast to inverted sinonasal papillomas and oncocytic sinonasal papillomas, SCP may not be a precursor lesion of carcinoma, because these aetiological events in SCP are distinct from squamous cell carcinoma in the same sites.

Oral cancer is the seventh most common malignancy worldwide, and lifestyle factors participate in its development. Rodent studies can help identify substances that contribute to its development and provide information on the early stages of carcinogenicity. The National Toxicology Program (NTP) has conducted more than 500 short-term and 2-year toxicology and carcinogenicity studies in rodents, and some of the tested compounds resulted in oral cancer. Our goal was to review the NTP carcinogenic studies to describe those chemicals that have oral carcinogenic outcome in rodents. For this project, we reviewed the results from all NTP carcinogenicity studies and a board-certified veterinary pathologist reviewed the slides from all neoplasms in the oral cavity that were considered treatment related. We have identified 26 chemicals with an adverse effect in the oral cavity. Fourteen chemicals demonstrated clear evidence of carcinogenicity in the oral cavity. We provide information on the carcinogenic findings in rodents together with a detailed description of the morphologic aspects of the oral cancers and speculate that the carcinogenic effects can be induced by different pathological modes of action. The findings reviewed here provide indicators for potential oral carcinogenesis processes in rodent models, which can be further investigated in future mechanistic studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Squamous cell papilloma of the gingiva is a benign, asymptomatic, exophytic nonplaque-associated gingival lesion caused by human papillomavirus. It affects several areas of the oral cavity with a relatively lower predilection for gingiva. The finger-like clinical presentation may be scary, misleading and may be confused with other lesions. This report presents a case of squamous cell papilloma of the gingiva. We report an unusual case of squamous papilloma of the gingiva with an unusual “garlanding a tooth” appearance.

Abstract Conjunctival papilloma is an acquired benign squamous cell tumor that can present at any age, but most frequently in the third and fourth decades of life. Papillomas have been associated with human papilloma virus (HPV) infection, usually types 6 and 11. Although histopathological diagnosis remains the gold standard, the advent of newer non-invasive imaging modalities such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) is transforming the way we diagnose and treat ocular surface tumors, including conjunctival papilloma. Management of these lesions can prove a challenge to the treating physician since not all lesions respond to medical and/or surgical therapy and in fact may worsen after surgical manipulation. In this review, the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical characteristics, and diagnosis of conjunctival papilloma including the use of OCT are discussed. Indications, efficacy, and side effects of currently available management options are also reviewed to guide the selection of the best treatment approach.

Introduction: Squamous cell papilloma is a benign tumor whose pathogenesis is generally related to the human papillomavirus. Despite affecting several organs, we did not find cases reported in the nails., Case Presentation: A 67-year-old female presented with a painful lesion in the nail of the right hallux that started in 2021, with an erythematous appearance evolving to black and expansive growth. Due to the evolution and symptoms, she opted for excision, with a histopathological report of squamous cell papilloma. Complementary treatment with imiquimod was performed, with good healing and pain control., Discussion: Due to the lack of previous reports, treatment was based on therapeutic options for papillomas located in other regions. Excision was performed, followed by application of imiquimod with good response. The prognosis is favorable; however, further studies are needed to elucidate the diagnosis and management of nail squamous cell papilloma., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (© 2024 S. Karger AG, Basel.)

Squamous papillomas (SPs) of the head and neck are generally regarded as a human papillomavirus (HPV)-driven process, but reported rates of HPV detection vary dramatically. Moreover, they are generally considered a benign condition, but the detection of high risk HPV types is commonly reported. This latter finding is particularly disturbing to clinicians and their patients given the alarming rise of HPV-associated head and neck cancer. The capriciousness of HPV detection reflects in large part differences in methodologies. The purpose of this study was to review an institutional experience using a state of the art detection method to determine the presence, type and anatomic distribution of HPV in head and neck SPs. The surgical pathology files of the Mount Sinai Hospital were reviewed for all SPs that had undergone HPV testing between 2012 and 2018. HPV screening was performed on tissue blocks with real-time PCR using primers designed to target the L1 region of low and high-risk HPV types. Genotyping was performed on HPV positive cases. HPV detection was repeated for cases that were originally reported to be positive for high risk HPV. 134 cases had undergone HPV analysis. Of the 131 with sufficient cellular material, 2 were excluded because the HPV testing yielded inconclusive results. The remaining 129 cases were the basis of this study. Thirty-eight cases (29%) were HPV positive and 91 (71%) were negative. The most common genotype was HPV 6 (n = 27, 71%), followed by HPV 11 (n = 10, 26%). One case (1%) was HPV positive but the genotype could not be determined. Of the HPV negative cases, 3 were originally reported as HPV 16 positive but found to be HPV negative on re-review and repeat testing. SPs arising in the larynx were more likely to harbor HPV than those arising in the oral cavity and oropharynx (64% vs. 10%, p < 0.00001). Similarly, recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) were much more likely to be HPV positive than solitary SPs (71% vs. 10%, p < 0.00001). Almost a third of head and neck SPs harbor HPV, but incidence is highly dependent on anatomic site. Those arising in the larynx are more prone to be HPV-driven than those arising in the oral cavity and oropharynx, particularly when occurring in the setting of RRP. High risk HPV could not be confirmed in any of the cases. Routine HPV testing as a strategy to unmask potentially malignant lesions harboring high risk HPV is not likely to be useful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Squamous cell papilloma (SCP) is a benign neoplasm of the head and neck. Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been reported to be a tumourigenic factor for SCP. However, not all SCPs are positive for HPV, suggesting that other possible mechanisms are involved in their development. In this study, we examined the mutational status of 51 SCPs using targeted panel sequencing in addition to HPV status using GP5+/GP6+ PCR. HPV DNA was detected in 6 (12%) SCPs, while KRAS and HRAS mutations were detected in 18 (35%) and 17 (33%) SCPs, respectively. Notably, KRAS mutations, HRAS mutations and HPV infection were mutually exclusive. The larynx and trachea (4/7, 57%) were more preferentially infected by HPV than the other sites (2/44, 5%, p = 0.0019) and HPV was associated with multifocal development (4/5, 80%). In contrast, KRAS and HRAS mutations in SCPs were evenly distributed across the anatomical sites and found only in single SCPs. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that HPV was not frequently involved in SCPs and that RAS mutations were more common alterations. In contrast to inverted sinonasal papillomas and oncocytic sinonasal papillomas, SCP may not be a precursor lesion of carcinoma, because these aetiological events in SCP are distinct from squamous cell carcinoma in the same sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Squamous cell papilloma is a benign proliferation of the stratified squamous epithelium. It is typically an exophytic lesion smaller than 1 cm. Its appearance varies from cauliflowerlike to fingerlike, while the base may be pedunculated or sessile. This article describes the case of an 11-year-old girl who presented with an asymptomatic whitish lesion of papillomatous appearance in the oral mucosa distal to the maxillary left permanent first molar. The lesion was removed using an Er,Cr:YSGG laser. For anesthesia, 10 mg of 2% lidocaine with epinephrine 1:100,000 was infiltrated around the lesion. No pain medication was required after surgery, and wound healing was excellent and rapidly achieved. The oral pathology report confirmed the presurgical clinical diagnosis. Laser dentistry is a modern technology that can be used by dental clinicians to treat these kinds of oral lesions and should be considered as an alternative to conventional surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lymphoid papillary hyperplasia of the tonsils is a rare, benign lesion and is characterized by a papillomatous appearance with reactive follicular hyperplasia. Our case was unique because the lesion involved the unilateral and focal palatine tonsil, as the lesion usually involves the bilateral and entire palatine tonsils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 23 year old male presented to the Otolaryngology clinic with 6 months of hoarseness and poor voice projection without improvement from speech therapy or medical anti-reflux medication. Upon examination he was found to have multiple polypoid lesions emanating from bilateral false vocal folds, left true vocal fold, and the anterior commissure. Biopsy and potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) laser ablation with bevacizumab injection provided treatment and confirmed the clinical suspicion of squamous cell papilloma. Despite 3 years of treatment, the papillomatosis proved difficult to control, requiring a procedure approximately every 3 months. In an attempt to control the course of the disease the patient received a series of three bevacizumab and three cidofovir injections. Serial biopsies showed mild atypia within the squamous cell papillomas. Two separate biopsies confirmed presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) 6/11 via in situ hybridization with appropriate controls. There is promising research that the quadrivalent HPV (types 6, 11, 16, and 18) vaccine both reduces the disease burden in patients with active disease and reduces the incidence of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP). Other studies have shown that local immunologic dysregulation may play a role in RRP pathogenesis. Therefore new treatment options, to include PDL-1 blockade, offer hope in treating this benign condition with high morbidity and rare mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Molecular targeted therapy against EGFR kinase domain mutations has been successfully established for lung cancer. These mutations have now also been reported in head and neck tumours, particularly in inverted sinonasal papillomas (ISPs). The aim of this study was to clarify the spectrum of EGFR mutations in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas and papillomas. Methods and results: We examined EGFR mutations in 288 head and neck squamous cell carcinomas and 58 head and neck papillomas or polyps. EGFR mutations were detected in 24 (30%) of 80 sinonasal squamous cell carcinomas (SNSCCs) and in 19 (90%) of 21 ISPs. Notably, 15 (88%) of 17 SNSCCs that developed along with ISPs harboured EGFR mutations in both components, whereas EGFR mutations were detected in nine (14%) of 63 SNSCCs without any papilloma component. Analysis to detect other known driver oncogene mutations – KRAS,BRAF and HER2 – was also performed; none of these mutations was detected in SNSCCs. The other 208 non‐sinonasal carcinomas and 37 non‐ISP head and neck papillomas or polyps did not harbour EGFR mutations. Conclusions: Taken together with the specific involvement of EGFR mutations in ISP, a molecular benign lesion trail suggests that 26 (33%) of 80 SNSCCs developed in association with an ISP. SNSCCs with EGFR mutations may be biologically distinct among head and neck cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Squamous cell papilloma of the gingiva is a benign, asymptomatic, exophytic nonplaque-associated gingival lesion caused by human papillomavirus. It affects several areas of the oral cavity with a relatively lower predilection for gingiva. The finger-like clinical presentation may be scary, misleading and may be confused with other lesions. This report presents a case of squamous cell papilloma of the gingiva. We report an unusual case of squamous papilloma of the gingiva with an unusual "garlanding a tooth" appearance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Periodontal health is defined by absence of clinically detectable inflammation. There is a biological level of immune surveillance that is consistent with clinical gingival health and homeostasis. Clinical gingival health may be found in a periodontium that is intact, i.e. without clinical attachment loss or bone loss, and on a reduced periodontium in either a non‐periodontitis patient (e.g. in patients with some form of gingival recession or following crown lengthening surgery) or in a patient with a history of periodontitis who is currently periodontally stable. Clinical gingival health can be restored following treatment of gingivitis and periodontitis. However, the treated and stable periodontitis patient with current gingival health remains at increased risk of recurrent periodontitis, and accordingly, must be closely monitored. Two broad categories of gingival diseases include non‐dental plaque biofilm–induced gingival diseases and dental plaque‐induced gingivitis. Non‐dental plaque biofilm‐induced gingival diseases include a variety of conditions that are not caused by plaque and usually do not resolve following plaque removal. Such lesions may be manifestations of a systemic condition or may be localized to the oral cavity. Dental plaque‐induced gingivitis has a variety of clinical signs and symptoms, and both local predisposing factors and systemic modifying factors can affect its extent, severity, and progression. Dental plaque‐induced gingivitis may arise on an intact periodontium or on a reduced periodontium in either a non‐periodontitis patient or in a currently stable “periodontitis patient” i.e. successfully treated, in whom clinical inflammation has been eliminated (or substantially reduced). A periodontitis patient with gingival inflammation remains a periodontitis patient (Figure 1), and comprehensive risk assessment and management are imperative to ensure early prevention and/or treatment of recurrent/progressive periodontitis. Precision dental medicine defines a patient‐centered approach to care, and therefore, creates differences in the way in which a “case” of gingival health or gingivitis is defined for clinical practice as opposed to epidemiologically in population prevalence surveys. Thus, case definitions of gingival health and gingivitis are presented for both purposes. While gingival health and gingivitis have many clinical features, case definitions are primarily predicated on presence or absence of bleeding on probing. Here we classify gingival health and gingival diseases/conditions, along with a summary table of diagnostic features for defining health and gingivitis in various clinical situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Periodontal health is defined by absence of clinically detectable inflammation. There is a biological level of immune surveillance that is consistent with clinical gingival health and homeostasis. Clinical gingival health may be found in a periodontium that is intact, i.e. without clinical attachment loss or bone loss, and on a reduced periodontium in either a non‐periodontitis patient (e.g. in patients with some form of gingival recession or following crown lengthening surgery) or in a patient with a history of periodontitis who is currently periodontally stable. Clinical gingival health can be restored following treatment of gingivitis and periodontitis. However, the treated and stable periodontitis patient with current gingival health remains at increased risk of recurrent periodontitis, and accordingly, must be closely monitored. Two broad categories of gingival diseases include non‐dental plaque biofilm–induced gingival diseases and dental plaque‐induced gingivitis. Non‐dental plaque biofilm‐induced gingival diseases include a variety of conditions that are not caused by plaque and usually do not resolve following plaque removal. Such lesions may be manifestations of a systemic condition or may be localized to the oral cavity. Dental plaque‐induced gingivitis has a variety of clinical signs and symptoms, and both local predisposing factors and systemic modifying factors can affect its extent, severity, and progression. Dental plaque‐induced gingivitis may arise on an intact periodontium or on a reduced periodontium in either a non‐periodontitis patient or in a currently stable "periodontitis patient" i.e. successfully treated, in whom clinical inflammation has been eliminated (or substantially reduced). A periodontitis patient with gingival inflammation remains a periodontitis patient (Figure 1), and comprehensive risk assessment and management are imperative to ensure early prevention and/or treatment of recurrent/progressive periodontitis. Precision dental medicine defines a patient‐centered approach to care, and therefore, creates differences in the way in which a "case" of gingival health or gingivitis is defined for clinical practice as opposed to epidemiologically in population prevalence surveys. Thus, case definitions of gingival health and gingivitis are presented for both purposes. While gingival health and gingivitis have many clinical features, case definitions are primarily predicated on presence or absence of bleeding on probing. Here we classify gingival health and gingival diseases/conditions, along with a summary table of diagnostic features for defining health and gingivitis in various clinical situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simultaneous multiple primary tumors on the same side of the lung with Tropheryma whipplei (TW) infection are rare. We reviewed the clinical data, imaging manifestations, pathological results, diagnosis and treatment of a primary pulmonary mucinous adenocarcinoma (PPMA) patient with bronchial squamous cell papilloma (BSCP) and TW infection, and discussed our treatment experience. The patient mainly presented with chronic cough and sputum, and computed tomography (CT) showed inflammatory changes with multiple nodular shadows. Biopsy of the lower lobe of the right lung showed PPMA, and right lung sub-branchial nodules discovered during bronchoscope revealed BSCP. Metagenomics next generation sequencing (mNGS) of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid showed mixed infection of Streptococcus pneumoniae and TW with a poor anti-infective effect. No clear genetic mutation was detected, and the patient was treated with chemotherapy and regularly followed up. We should improve the awareness of multiple pulmonary pathologies during clinical practice, avoid missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis, and carry out comprehensive treatment after clarifying the diagnosis as soon as possible.
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