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Summary: Identifying maximum penetration level (MPL) of Solar Photo‐Voltaic Generation (SPVG) in the distribution system is crucial for system planners and network operators to keep the system parameters within the acceptable limits. This paper provides a systematic and extensive procedure for evaluation of MPL of SPVG and its enhancement methods in distribution systems. More importantly, it illustrates a novel algorithm for affixing the penetration cap of Solar PV. The methodology initially derives a new stability index for locating SPVGs in the system, including both active and reactive power support from SPVGs. The study shows the utility of redefining MPL of SPVGs by considering the reactive power injection through solar inverters also. Deviating from the practice of considering the conventional constraints of voltage rise and maximum loading for MPL estimation, the paper considers loss minimization as the major constraint. The algorithm has potential to identify distributed integration scenario of SPVGs compared to the limited number of placements in the extant algorithms. This paper provides a novel algorithm to evaluate of maximum penetration level (MPL) of solar photo voltaic generation (SPVG) and its enhancement methods in distribution systems. The utility of redefining the MPL of SPVG by considering the reactive power injection through solar inverter is illustrated. The algorithm has distinct advantages over the extant algorithms in identifying a distributed integration scenario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increased variability, and uncertainty getting induced in the power system with the growing penetration of renewable resources necessitates the need for power flow stability studies, analysis, and contingency responses to address various operational concerns. Utilization of Volt–VAR (VV) functions of inverters to mitigate voltage violations have been introduced in recent grid integration standards. All the new grid connected nonsynchronous generators are expected to provide a composite power delivery at continuous rated output power as well as they should participate in dynamic reactive power injection while maintaining the power factor within an acceptable range. The present case study is based on a voltage instability incident which led to partial blackout in state grid, which is also identified as one of the root causes of power system blackouts worldwide. The state power grid case study has been simulated using real-time power grid data collected from PMUs/SCADA system for all 400 and 220 kV nodes. The location for integrating solar PV renewable energy in state grid is identified using an analytical methodology, by deriving an evaluation index represented as improved power stability index. An approach for employing VV functionality of inverter based grid connected solar photovoltaic system, as a solution to address the voltage instability issue that occurred in the conventional grid, is elaborated. The article also illustrates islanding using generator coherency identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]