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Numerous researchers have developed technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) instruments for English language teaching; however, a valid and reliable instrument to unbox the primary English language teacher's TPACK profile from graduates of the primary school teacher education study program does not yet exist. Consequently, this study aimed to design and validate a questionnaire to unbox the primary English language teacher's TPACK profile. This study used a mixed-methods approach. First, qualitative methods were employed to verify and validate the content of each construct. The items were generated through experts' and a primary English teacher's reviews. As a quantitative method, the questionnaire was then validated through explanatory factor analysis (EFA). The result of EFA yielded a comprehensive set of 40 items: technological knowledge (TK) section (consisting of 5 items), content knowledge (CK) section (consisting of 6 items), pedagogical knowledge (PK) section (consisting of 6 items), pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) section (consisting of 5 items), technological content knowledge (TCK) section (consisting of 5 items), technological pedagogical knowledge (TPK) section (consisting of 7 items), and TPACK section (consisting of 5 items). The reliability coefficients of each construct were acceptable. In conclusion, the study obtained a fruitful questionnaire for unboxing the primary English language teacher's TPACK profile.

Science literacy abilities and collaborative skills are part of the life skills demands of the 21st century. This research aims to analyze the effectiveness of the PjBL learning model in improving the Science literacy and collaborative skills of students at Muhammadiyah 2 Middle School, Batu City and Muhammadiyah 8 Middle School, Batu City. The research design uses Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. The research sample consisted of 60 class VIII students taken by total sampling. Data was obtained through observation, questionnaires and tests. Data analysis uses covariance analysis (ANCOVA) to verify the data against the proposed hypothesis. The research results show that the average Science literacy and collaboration in PjBL learning is higher than conventional learning. The results of the analysis can be concluded that the implementation of PjBL effectively influences students' Science literacy and students' collaboration skills. Thus, the PjBL model is recommended to be implemented to support the implementation of the Independent Curriculum at the junior high school level as an effort to develop students' 21st century life skills.

This study aimed to investigate the process of a top-down motivational approach in university--community engagement (UCE). We conducted a qualitative single case study in Indonesia using direct observations and semistructured interviews with 16 informants in three categories of actors: university, local community, and intermediary. Our main finding is that all actors are motivated by a top-down motivational approach. The university provides service to the community to fulfill its obligation to the government, and the local community is obligated to follow the village chief's directive to participate in community service. As an intermediary between the university and the community, the village chief supports community service because participation will make the chief (and community) eligible to receive grant funds from the central government. These empirical findings provide a new understanding of how UCE works in a country that employs top-down government to implement its regulation at the grassroots level.

Teaching writing is considered a complex skill to learn for EFL learners due to its difficulties. Many students and teachers in foreign countries need help to develop their students' writing skills. Those can be solved by giving a technique that helps students develop ideas to write. One of the techniques is by using direct written corrective feedback. This study investigated the effectiveness of direct written corrective feedback in teaching writing recount text for the first-grade students in one Islamic Senior High School in Pare. Quasi-experimental research was used to determine the different scores between both classes after a treatment. Fifty-six (56) students participated in this study and were divided into two groups (experimental and control groups. The results were calculated using the Mann-Whitney U test since the data were not normal, and it was continued to find out the effect size to strengthen how far the influence of direct WCF was. The results revealed that direct WCF was effective at the medium level for the students' writing accuracy. Implementing direct WCF for EFL students is suggested since it provides many benefits for teachers and students to boost writing accuracy.

Pertumbuhan penduduk dari waktu ke waktu memerlukan peningkatan pelayanan infrastruktur yang seringkali menyebabkan perubahan penggunaan lahan di daerah aliran sungai. Perubahan-perubahan ini seringkali mengakibatkan permukaan tanah menjadi lebih kedap air, yang pada akhirnya meningkatkan debit limpasan. Perubahan penggunaan lahan berdampak signifikan terhadap parameter Cp dan Ct di DAS. Untuk mengkaji dampak perubahan penggunaan lahan, kami melakukan penelitian dengan menerapkan Snyder Synthetic Unit Hydrograph (SUH) pada DAS Code pada tahun 2016 dan 2020. Penentuan parameter Ct dan Cp berperan penting dalam prediksi debit puncak. Cp merupakan parameter karakteristik DAS yang secara alami berubah seiring dengan perubahan DAS itu sendiri, sedangkan Ct merupakan parameter yang berkaitan dengan kemiringan DAS yang juga bervariasi terhadap perubahan penggunaan lahan. Analisis menunjukkan adanya peningkatan nilai kedua parameter pada dua waktu yang berbeda yang menyebabkan kenaikan debit puncak, yaitu pada tahun 2016 dengan nilai Cp dan Ct masing - masing 0,40 dan 1,80 serta debit puncak 0,47 m³/detik mengalami kenaikan pada tahun 2020 menjadi masing - masing 0,60 dan 1,85 dengan debit puncak 0,68 m³/detik. Meningkatnya parameter Cp menunjukkan bahwa DAS Code semakin kedap air, hal ini mencerminkan perubahan karakteristiknya. Demikian pula, peningkatan parameter Ct menunjukkan perubahan kemiringan DAS akibat kendala penggunaan lahan. Hasil perhitungan RMSE menunjukkan bahwa prediksi dari penelitian SUH Snyder selaras dengan perhitungan hidrograf satuan.

Kampus Mengajar is a program intended for university students in Indonesia to establish partnerships with schools and prepare themselves as future professional educators. Student participation in the Kampus Mengajar program requires mastery of pedagogical competencies, one of which is the development of teaching modules as a learning design that will be implemented. The purpose of this study was to describe the ability of Biology Education students of FKIP UNTAN to develop teaching modules, specifically, students who participated in the Kampus Mengajar Batch 6 (KM6). This research is descriptive qualitative research conducted by observing the completeness of the components of the 14 teaching modules developed. Based on the analysis conducted, it is known that the average percentage of general information is 98.81% with a very good category, the main components are 97.62% with a very good category, and the appendices are 78.57% with a good category. Overall, the average of all components is 92.44%, so it can be concluded that the ability of Biology Education students at FKIP UNTAN to develop teaching modules can be categorized as very good. The results obtained show that there are still flaws in the 14 teaching modules analyzed. Students need to develop their pedagogical professionalism so that their knowledge and skills in developing teaching modules increase.

Current technological advances have led to the development of payment methods in online buying and selling practices. Usually the payment method is made via cash and non-cash; one of the current payment methods is known as the split payment method. Split payment is a payment made using more than one payment method to complete the entire transaction. There is a case where a consumer buys goods online by paying using split payment and the consumer will be given cash back when using split payment. However, the goods that have been purchased do not reach the consumer. The consumer and the shop agreed to ask for compensation from the market place, which is a meeting place for online buyers and sellers. Based on this case, the author is interested in researching the problem of how to complete online buying and selling transactions using split payments. This research uses normative legal research methods with a statutory approach. The results of this research show that it is important to have special regulations regarding the definition and validity of split payment methods for online buying and selling transactions in order to provide guarantees, justice and consumer security in order to realize the principle of legal certainty.

This research aims to develop a digital-based learning evaluation model for Senior High School students. This research method used a design research approach with a development study type. This research followed the model developed by Tessmer, which includes the stages of preliminary and formative evaluation. The formative evaluation stage encompasses self-evaluation, prototyping (expert review, one-to-one, and small group), as well as field testing. The data collection techniques for this research involved interviews and questionnaires, with data analysis conducted through both quantitative and qualitative methods. The results of this study indicated that the material validation score was 95.33%, categorized as "very feasible," the language validation score was 93%, also categorized as "very worthy," and the media validation score was 93%, categorized as "very worthy." The results of the response test obtained from the initial trial showed a response from educators of 88% and from students of 87.22%, both categorized as very worthy. Meanwhile, the results from the small group trial indicated a response from educators of 93.89%, also categorized as very worthy, and a response from students of 92.17%, which is again categorized as very worthy. It is clear that Senior High School teachers and students can benefit much from using the digital-based learning evaluation paradigm.

This article examines the comparison between the fiqh concept of iḥyā' al-mawāt and Indonesian national agrarian law on land reform, especially the right to open land. The author uses a comparative approach in this discussion, which compares the existing concepts in fiqh (as Islamic law) and national agrarian law (as Indonesian positive law). This article contributes to the discourse on Islamic land law, also known as agrarian fiqh, which has not been widely studied. This article shows that in the classical Islamic literature, there has been a study of land and how the Prophet Muhammad PBUH regulated land management. One of the concepts in fiqh is iḥyā' al-mawāt, which is to revive dead land. This is a starting point to introduce the tradition of agrarian fiqh in the classical literature. This article concludes that in both fiqh and Indonesian agrarian law, there is a concept of land clearing based on the principle of expediency. However, iḥyā' al-mawāt and the Indonesian national agrarian law on land reform still have differences, both in terms of concept, regulation, and implementation. This article is limited to a literature review that must be further studied from the context of the application of these two laws. This article contributes to the understanding of the two laws that are applied in Indonesia, namely positive law and Islamic law. Artikel ini mengkaji tentang perbandingan antara konsep fiqh tentang iḥyā’ al-mawāt dan hukum agraria nasional Indonesia tentang land reform, terutama hak membuka lahan. Penulis menggunakan pendekatan perbandingan dalam pembahasan ini, yaitu membandingkan konsep yang ada dalam fiqh (sebagai hukum Islam) dan hukum agraria nasional (sebagai hukum positif Indonesia). Artikel ini memberikan kontribusi tentang wacana hukum pertanahan Islam atau dapat juga disebut sebagai fiqh agraria yang belum banyak dikaji. Artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam khazanah Islam klasik telah dikenal kajian tentang tanah dan bagaimana Nabi Muhammad saw. mengatur tentang pengelolaan tanah. Salah satu konsep dalam fiqh adalah iḥyā’ al-mawāt, yaitu menghidupkan tanah mati. Hal ini menjadi satu titik awal untuk memperkenalkan tradisi fiqh agraria dalam khazanah klasik. Dari artikel ini dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa baik dalam fiqh maupun dalam hukum agraria Indonesia terdapat konsep tentang membuka lahan yang berdasarkan asas kemanfaatan. Dalam fiqh dikenal dengan istilah iḥyā’ al-mawāt dan dalam hukum agraria dikenal adanya hak membuka lahan. Namun demikian, iḥyā’ al-mawāt dan hukum agraria nasional Indonesia tentang land reform tetap memiliki perbedaan, baik dari segi konsepnya, pengaturannya, maupun dari segi pelaksanaannya. Artikel ini sebatas kajian Pustaka yang harus dilanjutkan kajiannya dari aspek implementasi dua hukum tersebut. Artikel ini berkontribusi pada pemahaman dua hukum yang berlaku di Indonesia, yaitu hukum positif dan hukum Islam.

Piperine, the primary alkaloid of Piper nigrum and Piper longum, is believed to have anticancer properties. Although research on cervical cancer is still in its early stages, piperine's anticancer capabilities have been established in numerous types of cancer and have been shown to target pathways involved in the cell cycle and apoptosis. This study aims to determine how piperine administration time and concentration affect the viability of Hela cells. The MTT method was used to conduct this study. The concentration of piperine utilized was 1,000; 500; 250; 125, and 62.5 µg/mL, and it was administered for 24 and 48 hours. The IC50 values, obtained after incubation for 24 and 48 hours, were 711.21 µg/mL and 419.75 µg/mL, respectively. We may conclude that the viability of HeLa cells is influenced by piperine in a time- and concentration-dependent manner (p

Cryptosporidium sp. adalah parasit obligat intraseluler yang menyerang sel epitel usus. Infeksinya mengakibatkan diare, malnutrisi, dehidrasi dan cedera usus terutama pada orang dengan gangguan imunitas. Tingginya infeksi Cryptosporidium pada pasien HIV-AIDS pada penelitian sebelumnya menandakan sumber infeksi yang tinggi di lingkungan. Cryptosporidium dilaporkan memiliki hubungan dengan kanker kolorektal baru-baru ini. Tujuan: tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui prevalensi infeksi Cryptosporidium pada pasien dengan kanker kolorektal. Metode: metode yang digunakan observasional dengan desain cross-sectional study pada 43 pasien kanker kolorektal yang sesuai dengan kriteria yaitu pasien yang baru didiagnosis dan belum mendapatkan terapi onkologis. Pengumpulan sampel feses dilakukan dari bulan April hingga Agustus 2023. Pemeriksaan ookista dilakukan secara mikroskopik dengan pewarnaan tahan asam modifikasi ziehl neelsen. Hasil: hasil penelitian didapatkan 46,5% (20/43) pasien positif terinfeksi Cryptosporidium. Kesimpulan: kesimpulan hasil penelitian, infeksi Cryptosporidium tinggi pada pasien kanker kolorektal, terutama pada lokasi kanker rektum. Penelitian lebih lanjut untuk mengetahui spesies Cryptosporidium diperlukan untuk mengetahui rute penularan dan sumber infeksi.

Kompetisi di dalam dunia bisnis adalah hal yang tidak dapat dihindari, misalnya kompetisi di sektor perbankan. Pada sektor ini, kompetisi potensial dalam mendorong dunia usaha agar lebih kompetitif, dan juga meningkatkan efisiensi dan kesehatan bank. Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis kompetisi yang terjadi di antara bank BNI dan Mandiri menggunakan pendekatan model kompetisi Lotka-Volterra. Hasil dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tipe kompetisi yang berlangsung antara bank BNI dan Mandiri adalah tipe prei-predator, di mana bank BNI bertindak sebagai prei, sedangkan bank Mandiri bertindak sebagai predator. Selain itu, hasil peramalan laba bersih di masa mendatang menunjukkan bahwa perolehan laba bersih bank BNI cenderung mengalami penurunan untuk periode sepuluh tahun ke depan, dan setelahnya stabil. Sebaliknya, perolehan laba bersih bank Mandiri mengalami peningkatan untuk periode tiga tahun ke depan, dengan perolehan laba bersih maksimum diperoleh pada tahun 2025, dan setelahnya stabil. Oleh karena itu, baik bank BNI maupun bank Mandiri harus mengambil sebuah kebijakan untuk mengatasi perolehan laba bersih yang berpeluang akan mengalami stagnasi di masa mendatang. Kata Kunci: bank, kompetisi, laba bersih, Lotka-Volterra, prei-predator, stabil

Several companies engage in tax avoidance, a strategy aimed at circumventing tax expenses. Within this study, tax avoidance is quantified through Cash ETR (Effective Tax Rate). The objective is to empirically elucidate the impact of political affiliations, transfer pricing, and company size on tax avoidance among mining firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2018 to 2021. Employing a purposive sampling method, 113 samples were meticulously chosen to represent the population. Utilizing multiple linear regression analysis, the research revealed that transfer pricing significantly influences tax avoidance practices, while political connections and company size do not demonstrate such an effect.

Curriculum development in all lines of education shows serious urgency in efforts to provide for the needs of society globally, one of which is multicultural Islamic education which is deliberately collaborated with curriculum design based on outcome based education (OBE) in order to realize multicultural Islamic education that accommodates the diversity of society. Based on the applicable curriculum, the Darul 'Ulum Islamic University PAI study program has three graduate profiles, namely PAI educators, managers and administrators of educational institutions and edupreneurs. The graduate profile becomes a curriculum reference by providing output-based multicultural Islamic education innovations to improve student learning outcomes and work readiness. This research uses a qualitative approach with focus group discussion techniques by policy stakeholders in study programs and curriculum experts. The results of the research show that the development of the OBE-based multicultural Islamic education curriculum in the Darul 'Ulum Islamic University pie study program was carried out by providing educational innovation, namely adding Multicultural Islamic Education courses, perfecting the PEO/TPP formulation in the draft curriculum point 3, perfecting the profile of graduates in the curriculum draft point 3, perfecting learning outcomes in the PLO 8 code with the affective domain and organizing the Multicultural Islamic Education course as a compulsory study program subject which is an integral part of the curriculum.

This research aims to determine the development of a multicultural Islamic Religious Education curriculum at a business-oriented boarding school for the elderly. The results of this research can be concluded that Islamic education is conscious guidance in developing the potential or abilities of students in accordance with Islamic teachings. Meanwhile, multicultural education is education in order to strive for and realize harmonization and the beauty of living together in diverse cultures, social backgrounds, languages, ethnicities, languages, groups and so on. The components of developing a multicultural Islamic Religious Education curriculum include objectives, content, methods/strategies, learning media and evaluation, all of which are interrelated. The material component for developing a multicultural Islamic religious education curriculum is equal rights (equity), tolerance (tolerance), humanity (humanity), precedes the dialog (prioritize dialogue) and justice (justice). Curriculum development at Islamic Boarding Schools for the Elderly can be carried out by adapting the abilities of the elderly who are oriented towards financial independence through the production of goods needed by the community using simple technology.

Improving the quality of education is sought in the teaching and learning process. Learning is a process that impacts teachers and students in teaching and learning activities by increasing interest in material that is considered problematic. Media and learning models that can foster students' sense of creativity play an essential role in overcoming obstacles to understanding subject matter that students consider difficult. So, this research aims to discover the types of media and learning models that are supposed to increase the creativity of Class X students at SMA PGRI 1 Palembang. The method used is a method with a descriptive research design and data collection using questionnaires, interviews, and observations during learning. The results show that students need learning media that is often related to their daily lives, namely social media. The social media that is most owned by students and is considered to be able to act as additional media in learning is Instagram. Students chose this social media platform because it can foster students' sense of creativity in creating work that helps them understand complicated subject matter. These students' opinions support selecting the PjBL model as the learning model biology students and teachers need. This is because combining media and learning models suitable for use in the classroom provides opportunities to increase students' creativity in finding ways to understand the subject matter independently.

Lime (Citrus aurantifolia) juice was reported to contain ascorbic acid (AA) and flavonoids, which has bioactivity as antioxidants. To develop an antioxidant product, improving its stability is necessary due to the perishable characteristics of compounds in lime. Therefore, the formulation of polyelectrolyte microparticles using chitosan and alginate was conducted to overcome the weaknesses. This study aims to evaluate the effect of various chitosan, alginate, and lime juice powder (LJP) concentrations on the physical characteristics and antioxidant activity of LJP encapsulated in chitosan-alginate microparticles (CALM). Microparticles with various concentrations of chitosan and alginate were prepared by ionic gelation method using CaCl2 as a crosslinker. The microparticles were evaluated for its physical properties and its antioxidant activity using 2-2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl reagent. A one-way ANOVA test and Tukey’s honest significant difference post hoc were used to determine the effect of LJP amount on the antioxidant activity. The highest AA content in CALM was 0.14 mg/100 mg, with a % encapsulation efficiency of 18.38% ± 0.02%. Antioxidant activity tests revealed that LJP possessed the strong antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 32.59 μg/mL, whereas IC50 values of the microparticles ranged from 24.79 ± 0.03 μg/mL to 39.96 ± 0.07 μg/mL. During storage, the IC50 of LJP decreased from 32.59 ± 0.13 μg/mL to 65.53 ± 0.03 μg/mL, whereas the IC50 of microparticles remained stable. This study concluded that the chitosan-alginate polyelectrolyte microparticle formulation can improve and protect LJP’s antioxidant activity.

This research aims to develop an application-based interactive Science E-Module PocketBook to improve the digital literacy and creative thinking of junior high school students. This research method used research and development with a 4D model (Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate). Validation of the E-Module was carried out at the Jember University Master of Science Education campus while the validity test, practicality test, and effectiveness test of the application-based interactive Science E-Module PocketBook was carried out at SMPN 10 Jember and SMPN 12 Jember. The subjects in this development were class VIII even semester students. Results This research showed that the average validity score obtained is 86% by expert validators. The percentage of response results from the limited scale and class scale tests at SMPN 10 Jember were respectively 85.1% and 86.6%, each score can be categorized as very valid. Application-based interactive science e-module PocketBook It not only contains material but there are also assignments to improve students' digital literacy and creative thinking. Application-based interactive science e-module PocketBook the theme of vibrations and waves has also been distributed to two classes at SMPN 12 Jember with student response scores of 81.9% and 85.3% respectively.

Learning strategies are one of the key components in the teaching and learning process. Numerous studies have stated that the Teams Games Tournament (TGT), which is a part of cooperative learning strategies, has proven effective in improving student learning outcomes. However, its application in teaching Qira'ah Jahriyah (reading aloud) has not been widely explored. Therefore, researchers conducted a study at MTs.S Pondok Pesantren Al-Muttaqin Balai Belo Agam to determine the effectiveness of the TGT strategy in learning Qira'ah Jahriyah. The research employed a quantitative approach with experimental methods and utilized a Quasi-Experimental Design with purposive sampling. The sample consisted of 8th-grade students divided into two classes. Data collection was conducted using tests, and data analysis was performed using the t-test in SPSS 22. In the experimental class, the minimum posttest score was 75 and the maximum was 95, with a mean of 83.21. In the control class, the minimum score was 60 and the maximum was 85, with a mean of 73.57. The results showed that the t-test, Sig (2-tailed) 0.000 < 0.05, indicating a significant influence of the TGT cooperative learning strategy on the Qira'ah Jahriyah learning outcomes of 8th-grade students at MTs.S Al-Muttaqin Islamic Boarding School, Balai Belo Agam.

SD TQ Anas bin Malik is an elementary school established by the Anas bin Malik Foundation in 2022 by the Anas Foundation. SD TQ Anas Bin Malik focuses students on Islamic education based on the Quran and As-Sunnah. Learning activities were carried out in several houses in a complex rented by the Foundation. As a new school, school facilities are still fewer. The children also do not yet have extracurricular activities. The cultivation of vegetable plants in pots is a solution for extra-curricular activities. Community Empowerment activities held on Friday, January 12, 2024, at 07.00 WIB until it is over. There are 18 participants who combination of classes IV, V, and VI. The results of activities that have been successful are socialists on the cultivation of vegetable plants in pots, plant, and evaluation of plant growth.

This research aims to describe the acculturation of Islam and local culture in the tradition of animal slaughter at funeral ceremonies preserved by the Padang Bolak community, as part of the religious system reflecting the community's understanding of the Hadith. This study is a field study employing a qualitative method within the framework of living Hadith theory. The research findings indicate that this tradition of animal slaughter at funeral ceremonies in the community is motivated by several factors, including efforts to preserve customs and culture, as an act of devotion to parents, the deceased's will to conduct an animal slaughter before passing away, to honor guests, maintain the good name of the deceased parents within the community, as an expression of love for parents, and the belief that the merits of charity performed on that day will benefit the deceased. In Islamic legal studies, this tradition is fundamentally contradictory to Islamic teachings in all its processes and requirements. The acculturation of Islam with this tradition has led to modifications that eliminate elements conflicting with Islamic teachings. Further studies are needed on how such modifications can aid in understanding and potentially guiding the process of cultural adaptation in other Islamic communities. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan akulturasi Islam dan budaya lokal dalam tradisi penyembelihan hewan pada upacara pemakaman yang dipertahankan oleh komunitas Padang Bolak, sebagai bagian dari sistem religius yang mencerminkan pemahaman masyarakat tentang Hadits. Studi ini adalah studi lapangan yang menggunakan metode kualitatif dalam kerangka teori Hadits hidup. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tradisi penyembelihan hewan pada upacara pemakaman di komunitas tersebut didorong oleh beberapa faktor, termasuk upaya untuk melestarikan adat dan budaya, sebagai tindakan pengabdian kepada orang tua, keinginan almarhum untuk melakukan penyembelihan hewan sebelum meninggal, untuk menghormati tamu, mempertahankan nama baik orang tua yang telah meninggal di dalam komunitas, sebagai ungkapan cinta kepada orang tua, dan keyakinan bahwa pahala amal yang dilakukan pada hari itu akan menguntungkan almarhum. Dalam studi hukum Islam, tradisi ini secara mendasar bertentangan dengan ajaran Islam dalam semua proses dan persyaratannya. Akulturasi Islam dengan tradisi ini telah mengarah pada modifikasi yang menghilangkan elemen-elemen yang bertentangan dengan ajaran Islam. Studi lebih lanjut diperlukan tentang bagaimana modifikasi tersebut dapat membantu dalam memahami dan berpotensi mengarahkan proses adaptasi budaya di komunitas Islam lainnya.

Kegiatan penyuluhan ini terkait kesehatan sangat penting untuk dilakukan, mulai dari edukasi mengenai penggunaan obat antibiotik yang rasional, makanan dan obat-obatan yang halal. Selain itu dilakukannya pengobatan secara gratis untuk masyarakat memberikan dampak besar kepada masyarakat agar selalu peduli terhadap kesehatan dan menjadikan kesehatan sebagai prioritas utama. Kegiatan ini dilakukan di Desa Perkampungan Adat Sijunjung. Tujuan kegiatan ini untuk memelihara serta meningkatkan derajat kesehatan masyarakat. Salah satu upaya untuk mewujudkan hal ini adalah melalui kegiatan ini. Kegiatan ini dilakukan dengan metode penyuluhan tentang obat-obatan dan kesehatan, serta pengobatan gratis yang berkolaborasi antara fakultas farmasi dan fakultas kedokteran Universitas Andalas. Penyuluhan ditujukan kepada ibu hamil dan lansia, dengan fokus pada pemilihan obat yang tepat, penggunaan antibiotik yang rasional, serta edukasi tentang obat dan makanan halal. Pengobatan gratis dilaksanakan dengan melibatkan dokter spesialis dan apoteker, yang juga memberikan konseling mengenai obat-obatan kepada pasien. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan antusiasme tinggi dari masyarakat, dengan lebih dari 100 resep yang dilayani. Edukasi tentang penggunaan obat yang rasional, terutama antibiotik, diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kesadaran dan pengetahuan masyarakat. Kegiatan ini juga menunjukkan pentingnya peran apoteker dalam memberikan pelayanan kefarmasian yang berorientasi pada pasien, serta pentingnya upaya promotif dan preventif dalam menjaga kesehatan masyarakat. Dengan ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa dengan adanya pengobatan gratis, diharapkan dapat mendorong masyarakat untuk lebih peduli terhadap kesehatan dan tidak takut untuk berobat.

Highlights: 1. Given the suboptimal implementation of clinical practice guidelines at Mandau District General Hospital, it is important to conduct research on potential obstacles to this problem. 2. The findings of this study can encourage hospitals to develop and apply effective clinical practice guidelines while also addressing the obstacles to their implementation. Abstract Clinical practice guidelines are procedures followed by physicians to optimize healthcare services and achieve more effective outcomes. Conducted in October 2022, this study aimed to analyze the factors that hinder the implementation of clinical practice guidelines among physicians at Mandau District General Hospital, Bengkalis, Indonesia. This study used an analytical survey design and a cross-sectional approach. This study included all 85 individuals who were employed as general practitioners at the Mandau District General Hospital. The data were subjected to univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses. The independent t-test was used in the data analysis, with a value of p

Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) 2018 ditemukan prevalensi penyakit periodontal di Indonesia sebesar 74,1%. Penyakit periodontal merupakan penyakit inflamasi yang disebabkan oleh biofilm bakteri pada permukaaan gigi serta salah satu penyebab utama kehilangan gigi akibat kerusakan jaringan periodontal yang bersifat permanen. Penyakit periodontal dibagi menjadi dua yaitu gingivitis dan periodontis. World Health Organization (WHO) Basic Oral Health Survey pemeriksaan dini penyakit periodontal masa remaja terjadi pada usia 15-19 tahun. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengindetifikasi faktor-faktor terkait status periodontal pada remaja di Indonesia. Penelitian cross-sectional menggunakan data sekunder dari Riskesdas 2018 pada usia remaja 15-19 tahun mengenai variabel karakteristik sosiodemografi, faktor perilaku kesehatan gigi, faktor pelayanan kesehatan gigi, dan faktor penyakit sistemik. Sampel peneltian adalah 3089 remaja Indonesia. Prevalensi status periodontal pada usia remaja 15-19 tahun berkisar antara 91,3% sampai dengan 94,7%. Hasil analisis didapatkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara sosioekonomi terhadap status periodontal (OR=1,546;95%CI 1.141-2.161). Faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap status periodontal pada remaja adalah mengkonsumsi minuman beralkohol dan sosioekonomi. Hal ini berimplikasi pada program pencegahan penyakit periodontal, perlu difokuskan terhadap inklusi sosial dan adanya perluasan akses pelayanan kesehatan gigi lebih baik untuk remaja yang mempunyai penyakit gigi dan mulut antara lain penyakit karies gigi dan penyakit periodontal.

The waste problem in Aceh Besar District has been going on for quite some time now, which root cause can be tracked back to the lack of waste collection and treatment facilities compared to its residents’ waste growth. Therefore, the amount of untreated waste continues to increase. Meunasah Papeun Village as one of the villages in Aceh Besar District also faces the same problem, where the facilities and capacity of the Village Waste Management Unit (VWM) cannot keep up with the growth of residents' waste. Untreated waste ends up in illegal dumps or is burned by residents. This has reduced the comfort and quality of the village environment. In this Community Development Program (CDP), an approach was taken to reduce the waste that ended up in landfills through education and training on recycling and composting. The process sorted waste into three categories: organic, non-organic and residual waste. Some organic waste was composted and the rest became residue. Non-organic waste was sorted into recyclable and residual groups. This CDP was carried out in collaboration with Bank Sampah USK (BSU) to collect residents' recyclable waste. The residual was collected by VWM to be sent into the landfill. The residents who participated in these activities were able to cut their waste from a third to more than half. The extra money from recycling that was deposited into BSU was an additional advantage.

Permasalahan mengenai tidak berjalanya fungsi TPS3R dan menumpuknya sampah di Desa Pagerwangi menjadi latar belakang dilakukannya pemberdayaan dalam pengelolaan serta pemilahan sampah yang berbentuk seminar dan workshop dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan masyarakat Desa Pagerwangi dalam pengelolaan sampah serta mengatasi permasalahan sampah yang terjadi di Desa Pagerwangi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan artikel yakni menggunakan teknik analisis deskriptif untuk menjelaskan bagaimana proses kegiatan berlangsung. Sedangkan, metode action research digunakan dalam merancang program pemberdayaan. Adapun, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan pemberdayaan yang dilakukan yakni berupa pemberian materi dan praktik pembuatan eco enzyme serta memberikan pelatihan bagaimana pembuatan ecobricks kepada masyarakat Desa Pagerwangi sebagai langkah ataupun cara yang dapat dilakukan dalam mengelola sampah untuk dijadikan sebagai produk yang dapat bernilai guna. Diharapkan dengan program tersebut mampu untuk mengatasi permasalahan sampah di Desa Pagerwangi dan diharapkan pula masyarakat dapat mengimplementasikan ilmu yang didapatkan selama kegiatan berlangsung di dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.

Abstract: Spatial planning in Batam, Bintan, and Karimun (BBK) areas is prioritized because it has an important impact on the national economy. This research aims to identify the potential leading sectors in the BBK areas as a reference in regional development. This study uses time series data on Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) based on constant prices in the BBK areas from 2011 to 2021. The analytical tools used in this research are Location Quotient to identify basic and non-basic sectors, Shift Share Analysis to determine changes and shifts in sectors, and Klassen Typology to determine the classification of sector in each region. The three analytical tools combined results demonstrate that economic growth in Batam is supported by the processing sector. A growing sector in Bintan is related to the tourism. Economic potential in Karimun dominated by the agricultural, forestry, and marine sectors. Tanjungpinang’s economic potential is dominated by the service sector, which supports the city’s role as the capital of the Riau Islands Province. However, the fisheries sector has not developed optimally. As an archipelago, regional development policies in the BBK areas should develop other sectors to optimize the maritime economic potential. Keywords: Klassen Typology, Location Quotient, Leading Sectors, National Strategic Areas, Shift Share Analysis

Abstract: The objective of this study is to balance forest conservation with economic growth while accounting for the rate of deforestation. The methodology employed in this research utilizes a mathematical modeling approach, specifically adopting the logistic model to represent forest growth rates. In addition, numerical analysis is applied to illustrate the impact of economic activities on forest areas. The data used in the study consist of deforestation rates in Indonesia from 2000 to 2021. The findings indicate that the rate of economic activity in forested areas is directly proportional to the reduction in forest area. If the rate of deforestation due to economic activity approaches the forest growth rate, the likelihood of forest area reduction increases, and forest depletion will occur if the two rates become equal. To resolve the dilemma between forest conservation and economic growth, this study proposes a solution consisting of three key steps: (1) establishing a minimum forest area that is strictly protected from economic exploitation; (2) setting the ratio between forest growth rates and economic activity rates as a primary foundation for ensuring sustainable forest conservation and economic development; and (3) calculating environmental costs, such as reforestation, based on the proportional relationship between deforestation rates and forest growth rates. Keywords: Deforestation, Environmental Cost, Economy, Forest, Growth Rate

Berpikir kritis sangat diperlukan di dunia seperti sekarang ini, sehingga harus diajarkan pada anak-anak sejak dini. Berpikir kritis membantu peserta didik mengembangkan keterampilan memecahkan masalah yang efektif. Sehingga peserta didik dapat menganalisis masalah, mengidentifikasi solusi, dan memilih solusi terbaik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menstimulasi kemampuan berpikir kritis anak usia 4-5 tahun. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi terhadap perilaku peserta didik saat menggunakan media flip chart gambar seri dan wawancara guru dan peserta didik untuk mengetahui bagaimana pendapat mereka terhadap implementasi media tersebut. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini disajikan dalam bentuk deskriptif yang bersumber dari wawancara, pada penelitian ini yang menjadi subjek penelitian adalah guru dan anak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media flip chart gambar seri yang digunakan dapat menstimulasi kemampuan berpikir kritis anak usia 4-5 tahun dalam memecahkan suatu masalah yang ada pada cerita gambar seri dan mampu memberikan solusi atau pendapat terkait masalah yang ada. Anak mampu memahami dan mengenali informasi lewat gambar, anak mampu mengenali hubungan sebab akibat melalui gambar, anak mampu mengevaluasi isi cerita, anak mampu memberikan kesimpulan terkait dengan isi cerita gambar seri.

Pengembangan tanaman hortikultura skala rumah tangga berupa usaha budidaya Jamur Tiram di wilayah kabupaten Maros dalam beberapa tahun cukup menjanjikan. Salah satunya di kecamatan Bontoa Tepatnya di lingkungan Panjallingan Kelurahan Bontoa, terdapat salah satu Kelompok Wanita Tani (KWT) yang merupakan salah satu kelompok yang paling aktif di wilayah ini, dengan unit usaha yang dikembangkan adalah usahatani budidaya jamur tiram putih (Pleurotus ostreatus). PKM ini bertujuan membantu mengatasi masalah produksi dengan input teknologi Budidaya jamur, teknologi diversifikasi produk dan teknologi pemasaran digita berbasis SMM. Metode yang diterapkan pada tahapan kegiatan PKM ini melalui prinsip belajar dengan berbuat/aksi (Learning by Doing). Hasil kegiatan berupa beberapa peningkatan Ipteks dari beberapa pelatihan teknologi Budidaya berupa Penyiraman otomatis berbasis IoT, Pelatihan Digital Marketing berbasis SMM, Budidaya jamur, serta pelatihan pengemasan dan pengolahan aneka produk Jamur. Kegiatan berhasil melakukan peningkatan pengetahuan Mitra dalam mengelola produksi (budidaya jamur dengan IoT), pengemasan produk dan diversivikasi, serta platform pemasaran digital berbasis SMM seperti Instagram, facebook dan lain-lain.

Penggunaan instrumen asesmen yang tidak tepat berpotensi besar menghambat efektivitas dan menurunkan kualitas pembelajaran. Memastikan kesesuaian antara materi dan asesmen menjadi hal yang penting dalam menciptakan pembelajaran yang optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis ketidaksesuaian materi teks negoisasi dan asessmen serta mengidentifikasi solusi optimalisasi pembelajaran pada materi tersebut. Pendekatan penelitian menggunakan kualitatif deskriptif. Proses pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara observasi dan wawancara kepada 1 guru bahasa Indonesia dan 6 siswa kelas X di SMK Al-Hakim. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya ketidaksesuaian antara materi teks negoisasi dan asesmen yang digunakan oleh guru terutama dalam menilai keterampilan berbicara. Dalam pembelajaran, guru hanya menggunakan asesmen formatif atau kognitif berupa soal tertulis. Asesmen formatif yang digunakan oleh guru kurang sesuai untuk materi teks negoisasi karena sifatnya yang cenderung statis, tidak interaktif dan tidak autentik. Padahal secara penerapan, negoisasi membutuhkan kemampuan yang nyata terutama dalam menanggapi situasi sosial yang dinamis. Latihan soal dan tayangan video tentang negoisasi hanya akan membuat siswa paham secara konseptual yang sifatnya sementara. Hal ini berimbas pada rendahnya kompetensi siswa terutama pada keterampilan berbicara. Pembelajaran berbasis pengalaman seperti praktek dan project sangat dibutuhkan guna meningkatkan pemahaman tentang negoisasi. Pembelajaran yang faktual, implikatif dan interaktif juga penting untuk diterapkan agar keterampilan berbicara siswa dapat lebih maksimal.

Scientific literacy skills are very important to face the challenges of the 21st century, but in Indonesia these skills are still relatively low. Therefore, teaching materials are needed that can develop students' scientific literacy. This research is development research which aims to describe the validity and readability of e-modules based on local potential. This e-module was developed by utilizing the potential of Kemiri Village to develop the scientific literacy of students at SMP Negeri 1 Panti. The e-module development in this research applies the ADDIE model which includes analysis, design and development stages. Research data was collected through interviews, validation sheets, and readability sheets. The validity test results show that the local potential-based e-module is included in the very valid criteria with a validity percentage value reaching 91.42%. The readability test results show that the local potential-based e-module is included in the very good criteria with a readability percentage value reaching 90.94%. From the results of the research conducted, it can be concluded that e-modules based on local potential are easy to understand and suitable for use in science learning.

This study aimed to analyze the carrying capacity of Curug Cimarinjung and Puncak Darma using the Douglass method and the willingness to pay for conservation fees using the Contingent Valuation Method Respondents to the research were 150 tourists and several tourism managers. Curug Cimarinjung can accommodate as many as 184 people day-1 , and the Puncak Darma as many as 118 people day-1. Tourists who were willing to pay for conservation fees comprised 78% of the total respondents with a one-time payment mechanism through an entrance ticket. In total of 39.39% of respondents were not willing to pay as they believed that it was the responsibility of the government. The conservation costs were IDR 10,000 for Curug Cimarinjung and IDR 5,000 for Puncak Darma. The difference in conservation costs was because the attractiveness of the attractions in the two tourist spots varied, thus affecting the number of tourists and the nominal amount that tourists were willing to pay. If the tariff was adjusted according to the average Willingness to Pay, an entry fee at Cimarinjung Waterfall would have been charged, which was initially IDR 5,000 person-1, would have been IDR 15,000 person-1, while at Puncak Darma it would have been IDR 3,000 person-1 to IDR 8,000 person-1 . Determining ticket prices that had been adjusted to the average Willingness to Pay could control the number of visits so that they did not exceed capacity and did not disturb biodiversity conservation. In such conditions, tourists could carry out tourist activities comfortably and safely.

Genetic Algorithms (GA) are highly effective in optimizing hydropower release parameters, identifying global optima in complex systems, and adapting to varying circumstances, making them ideal for managing hydropower conditions. This study employs GA to optimize hydropower release at Wonorejo Reservoir, Indonesia, aiming to balance power generation with flood control, irrigation, and environmental sustainability. The application of GA improved operational efficiency, resulting in a 10.24 % increase in electricity production. Notably, during the rainy season, the improvement was 27.3 % higher than in the dry season, highlighting GA responsiveness to seasonal variations. These findings demonstrate GA potential as a valuable tool for reservoir management.

This research aimed to analyze the differences between two models of pedagogy. The research method used is content analysis. Results showed a significant difference between neoliberal pedagogy and the pedagogy of shalom. The aspects of difference were the purpose of Christian religious education (CRE), the content of CRE, the target of CRE, the method of CRE, the role of CRE teachers, and students' dispositions and competencies.

Speaking demands self-confidence and composure when dealing with other people. Furthermore, communicating in English is a big barrier for many students due to self-efficacy, anxiety, and emotional intelligence. This study examined direct and indirect variable contributions. This path analysis study used multiple regression and mediated model. This study involved 128 of the tenth graders students at SMA Senopati, Sidoarjo. To collect the data, the instruments used a closed-ended questionnaire about self-efficacy, anxiety, emotional intelligence and speaking test. This study yielded seven conclusions. First, self-efficacy had a weak effect on speaking performance (estimate =.128, p-value.000). The estimate value of.506, p-value.001, showed that self-efficacy contributes significantly to emotional intelligence. Anxiety's contribution to emotional intelligence was minimal (estimate value -.397, p-value.005). The fourth finding showed that anxiety directly affects speaking performance (estimate value -.069), p-value.000. The fifth finding showed that emotional intelligence had a weak effect on speaking performance (estimate value.034, p-value.004). Significant indirect influence of self-efficacy through emotional intelligence on speaking performance (Sobel test=2.1220>1.96, p-value 0.0331.96, p-value 0.045

Baitul Qur'an Islamic Boarding School Campus 3 which is located in the West Rumbai District Area, including Pekanbaru City, this campus has a very extensive educational environment so it is necessary to carry out maintenance to maintain the cleanliness of the boarding school, especially for students who may not have knowledge about classifying types of waste and the processor. For this reason, the service team wants to provide education on the introduction of types of waste and their processing. This outreach activity was attended by students, especially at the Aliyah and MTs levels. In the pretest, the percentage of participants who understood various aspects of waste management ranged from 12% to 76%, with the lowest understanding in electronic waste management and the highest in the definition and types of waste. After the counseling was carried out, the results were that participants were very enthusiastic in this activity, so that in the posttest activity the results were 100% of the 25 participants understood the activities carried out.

Introductions: WHO states that the suicide rate in the world is still high; most of them had a previous depressive episode. In depressed patients with psychotic symptoms, psychomotor disturbances were more severe, feelings of guilt were higher, and there was an increase in suicidal ideation and attempts. Several studies have tried to find out whether there is an influence between psychotic symptoms and the incidence of suicide in patients with depressive disorders. However, the number of available studies is still limited and controversial. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of psychotic symptoms on the incidence of suicide in patients with major depressive disorders. Methods: This is an observational analysis with a case-control approach. The sample was obtained from the Udayana Psychiatric Resident Duty Report in 2019 in a purposeful manner that already met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Test the hypothesis using chi-square and logistic regression. Results: A total of 70 samples were used in this study. Chi-squared showed there was a relationship between psychotic symptoms and the incidence of suicide in patients with major depression (p = 0.016). Logistic regression showed that a history of drinking alcohol (OR 55.058; CI 2.975-1018.8; p = 0.007) and psychotic symptoms (OR 9.237; CI 1.86-45.875; p = 0.007) were shown to affect the incidence of suicide in patients with major depressive disorders. Conclusion: There is an effect of psychotic symptoms on the incidence of depression in patients with major depressive disorders.

Background: Divorce is a global issue, and its rate continues to increase every year. There has been a great deal of research on divorce; however, there has not been any attempt to provide a thorough scientific mapping of the topic. The networks, patterns, and divorce trends can be revealed through bibliometric analysis. This study aimed to identify the network visualization, overlay visualization, and density visualization of the factors that cause divorce. Methods: This research was a bibliometric analysis study. The keywords were identified by searching the database at dimensions application and followed the stages of the PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses). The type of publication chosen was articles limited to publication from 2019 to 2023, focusing on human society, health science, psychology, and biomedical fields. Data were analyzed using VOSViewer software, version 1.6.18, and then reviewed by the co-occurrence and co-authors. Results: The underlying factors of divorce found in this bibliometric study are very diverse. Based on network visualization, there were 178 items in 7 clusters with 5123 links and a total link strength of 40770. Through overlay visualization, the research trend regarding the factors related to divorce was early marriage, attitude toward marriage, HIV testing, depressive symptoms, sexual abuse, the COVID-19 pandemic, and culture. Meanwhile, according to density visualization, the topics with low category visualization were marital burnout, sexual violence against women, non-suicidal self-injury, physical abuse, and sexual satisfaction. Conclusion: Previous studies have found a lot about the factors causing divorce through qualitative and quantitative study methods, but still, few studies have focused on how to prevent divorce. For other researchers, choosing a topic that belongs to the low visualization category is recommended to explore themes that have not yet been widely researched.

Nutrient uptake efficiency in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) must be increased using organic matter to restore soil fertility, resulting in greater productivity. The humic substance is a complex organic material that is excellent for overcoming this challenge. This study aimed to determine the effect of the humic acid enriched by liquid urea by-product (PSUC) and liquid NPK by-product (PSNC) application on the growth and productivity of sugarcane. The experiment was conducted from October 2021 to September 2022 on PT RNI plantation land, Jatitujuh, Majalengka. The research was arranged in a completely randomized (CRD) using two different humic acid product prototypes (PSUC and PSNC) with two evaluation times, a screening and a semi-pilot scale. Solid humic at a dose of 15 Kg ha⁻¹ was applied by mixing it with inorganic fertilizers, while liquid humic at a total dose of 15 L ha⁻¹ was applied by foliar spray technique at 1, 2, and 3 months after planting (MAP). The results showed that applying humic acid PSUC and PSNC enhanced sugarcane shoot growth, segmented stem number, and diameter. In addition, it could consistently promote sugarcane yields on the semi-pilot scale up to 19.18% and 24.26% under humic acid PSUC and PSNC treatments, respectively. Therefore, both in the screening and semi-pilot evaluation, the solid and liquid humic acid PSUC and PSNC applied simultaneously are potential organic materials to enhance sugarcane growth and yield.

Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh teknik token ekonomi terhadap kemandirian anak usia lima dan enam tahun di TK Wahyu Kabupaten Gowa. Strategi kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian Quasi Experiment Design digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Penelitian ini melibatkan tiga puluh dua siswa TK Wahyu di Kabupaten Gowa, yang berusia lima hingga enam tahun. Purposive sampling adalah metode pengambilan sampel penelitian ini, sehingga menghasilkan total 24 sampel, 12 setiap kelompok terdiri dari dua belas anak. Analisis non parametrik dan juga analisis statistik deskriptif digunakan sebagai metode yang untuk memperoleh data. Hasil kemandirian anak kelompok eksperimen diperoleh nilai Z sebesar -3,068 dan sig(2-tailed) nilainya sebesar 0,002 < 0,05 hasil output uji Wilcoxon. Diperolah bahwa kemandirian anak berbeda-beda sebelum dan sesudah mendapat perlakuan berdasarkan temuan penelitian. Diketahui penggunaan teknik token ekonomi di TK Wahyu Kabupaten Gowa berpengaruh terhadap kemandirian anak usia lima sampai enam tahun.

Abstract Background Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), known as fall armyworm (FAW), is a wide-scale invasion pest that resulted in crop yield loss and certainly caused critical economic damage. Therefore, several control strategies such as the application of entomopathogen agent to control the population can be applied. The study aimed to designate and identify the candidate entomopathogens fungi (EPF) from South Sulawesi to control FAW. Results The research was conducted in several stages: field exploration, isolation, purification, bioassay, and morphological or genetical identification of selected fungi. The identification found out that: Sarocladium strictum, Talaromyces purpureogenus, and Aspergillus terreus had significant mortality percentages and incubation time in killing FAW. The highest mortality percentage was obtained in the case of the A. terreus (MLN8) isolate with an average mortality of 83.33% (2 days after incubation); A. terreus (4b) with an average mortality of 76.67% (4 days after incubation); both S. strictum (3) and T. purpureogenus (2B) required 3 and 5 days to control FAW, respectively, with 73% mortality percentage. Conclusion Ultimately, the exploration of several areas in South Sulawesi discovered potential EPF to suppress the FAW population biologically. Therefore, the identification of those EPFs contributes to FAW strategies control and the development of biopesticides.

This research aims to develop the P5 Adipura Module with the theme of entrepreneurship for elementary school students as an effort to strengthen the values of the Pancasila student profile (P3). The research method used was research and development adopting Sugiyono's development model with 7 stages including potential and problems, data collection, product design, design validation, design revision, product testing, and product revision. The test subjects were students in class 4 phase B elementary school. The trial was carried out in small groups. The data collection process was in the form of interviews, observations, and distributing questionnaires. Data analysis uses quantitative and qualitative descriptives. The result of this research was a product in the form of the P5 Adipura Module on the use of family medicinal plants (TOGA) on the theme of entrepreneurship. The average result of material expert validation was 3.29 with valid criteria. Likewise, the average media expert validation result was 3.20 with valid criteria, suitable for use in the project learning process by educators and students. Experiments in small groups to show the practicality of the module can be seen from the score interval obtained from the practicality sheet instrument by users (teachers and students) of 3.86 with very practical criteria. The Adipura P5 module is suitable for use, making it easier for educators and students in the learning process.

The properties and activity of TiO2-based nanorods as an antifouling agent and a photocatalyst for the catalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) have been investigated. A modification of TiO2 with SiO2 was first carried out to enlarge the surface area. In order to enhance the TiO­2 photo response to the visible light region, a further modification of TiO2-SiO2 (TS) composites with polyaniline (PANI) was also conducted. The nanorod TiO2 exhibited an anatase structure based on the diffraction patterns. The TEM images showed that some TiO2 molecules were attached around SiO2 with a random orientation. The TiO2-SiO2-PANI (TS-PANI) exhibited the largest specific surface area (SBET) of about 256.85 m2/g. The profile on the AFM images of the composites showed that the nano-roughness of the coatings was confirmed. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated through the decomposition of MB both on the powder and the coated composites. The photocatalytic activity on the coatings was verified due to further application as anti-fouling coatings involving photocatalytic mechanism. The decomposition of MB using TS-PANI powder and TS-PANI coating composites was 89.5% and 90.2 %, respectively, with the irradiation time on the coatings was 20 min longer. The anti-fouling activity through the photocatalytic mechanism and nano-roughness surface was confirmed by the inhibition of barnacle growth on the teakwood surface immersed for two months in the sea.

Catfish farming is often faced with the availability of feed which is relatively expensive, so it is necessary to find a solution to support the catfish farming business—provision of sufficient and good quality feed to support fish growth. This study aimed to determine the level of sludge suitable for use as additional feed. Observations were made using the experimental method with a Randomized Block Design (RBD) research design involving one control group and three treatment groups with three repetitions each. The parameters observed were length (p), width (l), and fish weight (b). The environmental parameters observed were water temperature and pH. The results showed that the best sludge presentation to be given as additional feed was in treatment 1 with an average weight between 71.33-73.75 grams, an average length ranging from 18.13 to 22.17 cm, and a width of 3.16. – 3.27 cm. Survival Rate is between 275-78%. Specific Growth Rate (SGR) 1%. Specific Weight Growth Rate (SWGR) is between 2-3%. Based on the results, this study recommends that in the use of biogas output sludge as pellets, it is necessary to improve the quality of feed by adding good nutritious ingredients for catfish.

Garcinia dulcis is a plant commonly used in traditional medicine in tropical regions. It has anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and anti-malaria properties. Despite its potential benefits, studies on its effectiveness as an antiviral are limited. This study investigated the antiviral properties of G. dulcis leaf extract against the JFH-1 strain genotype 2a as a treatment for Hepatitis C Virus (HCV). Huh7it-1 cells infected with the HCV genotype 2a strain JFH-1 were used to determine the antiviral effect of methanol extracts of G. dulcis leaves (GD-LE). GD-LE antiviral activity was investigated using a focus-forming assay for anti-HCV and 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) assay for cytotoxicity. A time-of-addition study of anti-HCV was also performed to determine the mode of action of GD-LE. The results showed that GD-LE inhibited HCV replication with an IC50 of 17.06 µg/mL without giving any toxicity to the cells. The mode-of-action of GD-LE was found to inhibit HCV replication in the co-addition and post-infection stages. These findings suggest that GD-LE could be a promising candidate for anti-HCV treatment. However, further study regarding GD-LE bioactive compound isolation needs to be done to prepare an effective antiviral.

Highlights: 1. This study analyzed the potential of Meniran extract gel for wound healing therapy, a plant-based medicine that has not been thoroughly researched in the context of promoting a healthy lifestyle. 2. The analysis found that Meniran extract gel has antioxidant properties that can be used for wound treatment to improve human health. Abstract Research on the use of medicinal plants to treat numerous diseases has been widely conducted. However, for chronic wound healing, the availability of medicinal plants for treatment remains rare. Gels containing active plant-based compounds may provide a solution. Phyllanthus niruri, known as "meniran" in Indonesian, is a medicinal plant used traditionally to cure various diseases. This study aimed to examine the antioxidant activities of Meniran extract gel, potentially for wound healing. Meniran was extracted using 70% methanol and formulated into a gel. The Meniran gel was composed of three formulations: 3%, 4%, and 5% sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-Na) supplemented with 5% Meniran extract. The quality of the gel was assessed based on homogeneity, spreadability, pH, and viscosity. This study utilized 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays to evaluate the antioxidant activity of Meniran gel at seven different concentrations through its scavenging capacities. The results were calculated to determine the median inhibitory concentration (IC50). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc Tukey's honestly significant difference (HSD) were used for statistical analysis (p < 0.05). The three Meniran gel formulations showed good quality with spreadability ranging from 5.37 to 5.59 cm, pH levels from 5.90 to 6.03, and viscosity from 9.080 to 9.230 cps. Higher gel concentrations led to an increase in the free radical DPPH- and ABTS-scavenging activities. The highest DPPH and ABTS assays were found at 1,000 μg/mL with IC50 values of 69.72 μg/mL and 20.15 μg/mL, respectively. In conclusion, Meniran gel formulas exhibit good standards and have antioxidant properties suitable for wound healing therapy.

This research is a review of effective institutional management at the Community Learning Activity Center (PKBM). The research method used is reviewing reputable scientific articles found on Google Scholar. The data collection technique in the research was carried out by collecting various relevant articles. The findings in the study provide an explanation of the importance of institutional management in PKBM in order to realize quality education. Governance management in PKBM institutions can be carried out using the principles of planning, organizing, implementing, monitoring and evaluating. This principle is an effective step in increasing effectiveness which is based on quality standardization and institutional academic quality. On the other hand, in order to recruit human resources, an appropriate plan is needed as a concrete form of a quality institution. Recruitment of human resources can be done using a staffing strategy by paying attention to the career stages of tutors and employees, as well as their dismissal. The success of the PKBM institution as a community social institution has become a pattern that is accompanied by standardization of the educational curriculum which is relevant to government regulations.